CMBV-2006-Marin Marais. Sémélé.Pdf

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CMBV-2006-Marin Marais. Sémélé.Pdf Lundi 23 octobre 2006 — 19h30 Théâtre des Champs-Élysées Frontispice du livret de Sémélé, extrait du Recueil General des opera representez par l’Academie Royale de Musique depuis son etablissement, Tome neuvième, Paris, Christophe Ballard, 1710 SÉMÉLÉ - LE CONCERT SPIRITUEL - LUNDI 23 OCTOBRE 251 Sémélé Tragédie lyrique (1709) Musique de Marin Marais (1656-1728) Livret d’Antoine Houdar de La Motte (1672-1731) Sémélé: Blandine Staskiewicz, dessus Dorine: Bénédicte Tauran, bas-dessus Junon: Hjördis Thébault, bas-dessus Adraste: Emiliano Gonzalez-Toro, haute-contre Jupiter: Thomas Dolié, basse-taille Cadmus: Marc Labonnette, basse-taille Mercure: Stephan MacLeod, basse Le Concert Spirituel Direction : Hervé Niquet Alice Piérot (1er violon), Olivier Briand, Myriam Cambreling, Benjamin Chénier, Virginie Descharmes, Yannis Roger, dessus de violon Judith Depoutot, Marie-Liesse Barau, Géraldine Roux, hautes-contre de violon Alain Pégeot, Fanny Paccoud, tailles de violon Hilary Metzger, Julie Mondor, quintes de violon Tormod Dalen*, Nils de Dinechin, Annabelle Luis, basses de violon Yuka Saïtô*, viole de gambe Luc Devanne, contrebasse Philippe Allain-Dupré, flûte François Lazarevitch, flûte et musette Luc Marchal, Fabrice Gand, Benoit Richard, Yanina Yacubsohn, hautbois Laurent Le Chenadec, Nicolas André, Stéphane Tamby, bassons Claire Antonini*, Caroline Delume*, Bruno Helstroffer*, théorbes Sébastien d’Hérin*, Elisabeth Geiger*, clavecins Jean-Luc Machicot, trompette Stephen Eelhart, percussions (* Basse continue) 252 MARAIS, VIOLISTE À L’OPÉRA Béatrice Gobin, Aude Fenoy, Agathe Boudet, Sophie Boyer, Marie Degodet, Anne-Sophie Durand, Sophie Landy, Virginie Lefèbvre, dessus Emmanuel Bardon, Patrick Boileau, Didier Bouture, Eric de Fontenay, Benjamin Lunetta, Arnaud Raffarin, hautes-contre Cyrille Calac, Sébastien d’Oriano, Edouard Hazebrouck, Gauthier Fenoy, Pascal Richardin, Etienne Vandier, tailles Emmanuel Bouquey, Eric Chopin, Matthieu Heim, Sébastien de Hutten, Cédric Meyer, Justin Bonnet, basses Coréalisation Théâtre des Champs-Élysées/ Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles En coproduction avec le Festival de Radio France et Montpellier/ Le Concert Spirituel Partition restaurée et éditée par le Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles Enregistrement pour le label Glossa Le Concert Spirituel en résidence à Montpellier est subventionné par la DRAC Languedoc-Roussillon/Ministère de la Culture, la Communauté d’Agglomération de Montpellier, le Conseil Régional de Lorraine, la Ville de Paris et le Sénat. Le Concert Spirituel bénéficie du soutien de la Fondation BNP Paribas. Depuis la création du Concert Spirituel, les docteurs Bru puis la Fondation Bru lui assurent un soutien indéfectible. SÉMÉLÉ - LE CONCERT SPIRITUEL - LUNDI 23 OCTOBRE 253 SÉMÉLÉ Prologue: Les Bacchanales [supprimé] Cadre pastoral où paraissent sylvains, bacchantes et satyres. On rend hommage à Bacchus, rappelant qu’il est fils de Jupiter. Que l’on chante ses exploits et ses charmes ! Apollon descend annoncer le thème de l’ouvrage qui suit en ordonnant aux Muses de retracer le grand événement qui donna le jour à Bacchus. Acte I Le Temple de Jupiter. Cadmus, roi de Thèbes, veut unir sa fille Sémélé au prince Adraste mais Sémélé aime Idas qui partage ses sentiments. L’héroïne s’interroge: lui faut-il suivre le projet de son père ou écouter son cœur? Malgré les conseils que sa suivante Dorine lui prodigue, elle décide d’obéir et de renoncer à l’amour. Elle ne sait pas alors jusqu’où l’entraînera cette décision car elle ignore qu’en réalité, sous les traits d’Idas, se cache Jupiter. Ceci explique pourquoi lors de la cérémonie qui célèbre les succès militaires d’Adraste, survient un premier cour de théâtre. Alors qu’Adraste offre à Jupiter les armes prises à l’ennemi, le temple se ferme et les Furies enlèvent les tro- phées, semant l’effroi dans l’assistance. Acte II Un bois coupé de rochers. On découvre d’abord que Dorine a noué de tendres liens avec Arbate qui n’est autre que Mercure. Mais alors qu’Idas (Jupiter) reproche à Sémélé son choix, il est forcé de révéler son rang suprême et, pour continuer à séduire il ordonne un divertissement magnifique qui occasionne un changement de décor peu ordinaire laissant apparaître des cascades jusque sur le devant de la scène. Surgit Adraste qui s’indigne du spectacle. Lorsque Sémélé lui révèle être aimée de Jupiter, Adraste reste incrédule et tente de frapper Idas (Jupiter). Aussitôt un nuage emporte les deux amants, et le prince resté seul, désespéré, réclame que son rival mette fin à son tourment: « Viens me réduire en poudre; Punis mon affreux désespoir; Force moi par un coup de foudre à reconnaître ton pouvoir ». Acte III Les jardins de Cadmus. Reprenant courage, Adraste réclame l’aide de Junon qui accepte de le venger tout en vengeant ses propres tourments. Pour mieux perdre Sémélé, Junon prend l’apparence de Béroé, son ancienne nourrice. La déesse 254 MARAIS, VIOLISTE À L’OPÉRA parvient à semer le doute dans l’esprit de sa proie: « Par une trompeuse apparence, Peut-être un enchanteur a-t-il séduit vos yeux? » Après que Junon a fait entrevoir les antres des Enfers pour mieux impressionner la princesse, elle lui conseille de demander à Jupiter de descendre armé de son tonnerre « tel qu’aux yeux de Junon il paraît dans les cieux » et qu’il an- nonce aux Thébains son choix amoureux! Acte IV Une grotte puis un hameau. Après un nouveau dialogue entre Dorine et Mercure vient un divertisse- ment champêtre pendant lequel Jupiter dit vouloir cacher le dieu qu’il est pour ne montrer que l’amant. Ombrageuse, Sémélé dévoile les soupçons qui la dévorent. Elle lui demande alors de paraître dans sa gloire céleste, tel qu’il ne se montre jamais aux humains. Jupiter tente de la faire changer de projet; accéder à sa demande c’est la condamner à mort; elle insiste! Acte V Le palais de Cadmus. Sémélé attend que Jupiter se présente en grand apparat tandis qu’Adraste laisse éclater sa rage et sa révolte. Cadmus et le peuple réclament la protec- tion de Jupiter, que la victoire soit au rendez-vous et que règne la paix. Mais le divertissement tourne à la catastrophe: on assiste à un tremblement de terre! Le tonnerre gronde et la foudre est menaçante… une pluie de feu consume tout sous elle. Restent Adraste et Sémélé qui attendent de voir Jupiter. Il paraît, elle se meurt. Jupiter ravit Sémélé au royaume des Enfers et l’installe aux Cieux afin « qu’elle y partage, aux yeux de Junon même, l’éternelle gloire des dieux ». Adraste, resté seul, est enseveli sous le déluge de feu qui achève de détruire le palais. SÉMÉLÉ - LE CONCERT SPIRITUEL - LUNDI 23 OCTOBRE 255 NOTES Après le triomphe d’Alcyone, il était naturel que Marais fît une nouvelle fois appel à Houdar de La Motte qui s’inspira d’un ouvrage paru en 1666, une pièce de l’abbé Claude Boyer intitulée Les Amours de Jupiter et de Sémélé. Mais le public ne réceptionna pas l’œuvre de la même manière et ce fut un échec. Un échec si cuisant que Houdar de La Motte, dégoûté du théâtre lyrique, cessa de travailler pour l’Académie royale de Musique. Le livret accorde une place importante à la supercherie: avant de révéler leur identité, les dieux prennent l’apparence de mortels pour mieux les tromper. Le procédé n’est pas nouveau mais il est employé dans le 1er et le 2e acte consécutivement: Jupiter en Idas; Mercure en Arbate. La liaison Dorine – Arbate semble même dessiner une seconde intrigue, fait qui était particulièrement risqué, critiquable à l’époque et malaisé à mener à terme. D’autre part, dans la conduite de l’action, on remarquera deux similitudes entre les livrets d’Alcyone et de Sémélé. À la fin de l’acte I, pendant la céré- monie qui célèbre les succès militaires d’Adraste qui offre à Jupiter les armes prises à l’ennemi, le temple se ferme et les Furies enlèvent les tro- phées, semant l’effroi. Ceci nous renvoie à Alcyone (fin de l’acte I) au moment où les futurs époux prononcent leur serment, un bruit de tonnerre interrompt la cérémonie. Dans les deux cas les dieux marquent leur opposi- tion à l’union des amants. Bien évidemment, la seconde relation tient en l’introduction d’une page descriptive dramatique exceptionnelle, la « tem- pête » d’Alcyone (Acte IV, sc. 4) trouve sa résonance dans le « tremblement de terre » de Sémélé (Acte V, sc. 3) qui précède l’arrivée de Jupiter. Par ses figurations rythmiques en notes répétées entrecoupées de silences, le commencement du cataclysme est admirablement rendu ; de courts éléments de gammes rapides figurent les éclairs et, quand surviennent les traits de triples croches ondulants aux violons, tout semble chanceler sous les pas des personnages. D’autre part, on peut imaginer la profondeur des entrailles de la terre par le développement particulier des parties de basse qui se divisent en deux parties (voire trois); Marais réserve une portée à la basse continue et aux basses de violon, l’autre revenant aux bassons et contrebasses qui exploitent les notes les plus graves de leur registre. L’affolement du peuple qui suit dans le chœur « Quels éclairs menaçants » est bâti sur le même registre. Notons que, par rapport à bien des tempêtes qui finissent par se calmer, ici le cataclysme va crescendo, aboutissant à une pluie de feu dévastatrice. EDMOND LEMAÎTRE « Ouverture » de Sémélé, p. 2, Paris, Foucault, 1709 13 _» + _Q _+Q. _œ» _Q _ _Q _Q » œ œ» »œ H » œ» #œ» œ œ» Q Q. #œ» #Q. EQ b 6 Œ œ l===========================& 4 ]“ l l » l= l » œ» » bœ œ» _œ _ _œ _ _ _ _ _Q _Q _Q _Q _Q _Q Q _ Q _Q.E_ _Q _ _ _œ» l b 64 Œ Q ===========================l B ]“ l l » l= QQ » œ œ» #œ» œ œ» l b 64 ∑ ∑Œ»œ ===========================l B ]“ll l= l b 6 ∑ ∑ ∑ ===========================l B 4 ]“ll » l= l QQ » œ 6 » #œ» œ œ» Œ QQQQQ QQQ q Q »œ œ l===========================? b 4 ]“ & l q l q B l= # x467 x6 #7 16 » + + Q.
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