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Scolopsis Igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013, a Junior Synonym of S

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Scolopsis Igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013, a Junior Synonym of S Zootaxa 4629 (4): 589–599 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2BBBD373-C998-4581-828B-1EE3DBC65669 Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013, a junior synonym of S. vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) BARRY C. RUSSELL1, 4, MOHAMMAD EUSUF HASAN2 & JEAN-DOMINIQUE DURAND3 1Museum & Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646 Darwin NT 0801, Australia 2Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh 3MARBEC, IRD-Ifremer-CNRS—Université de Montpellier, cc093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 4Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013 was described from specimens collected from coastal waters of southern India and Sri Lanka. A comparison of recently collected specimens from Bangladesh, initially identified as S. igcarensis, with Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) showed morphological differences between the two species are minor, and that specimens of S. igcarensis in fact represent juvenile and subadult colour forms of S. vosmeri. Underwater and aquarium observations, as well as molecular data based on the COI barcode region, support this conclusion. Accordingly, S. igcarensis is regarded as a junior synonym of S. vosmeri, which is redescribed herein. Phylogenetic analysis of COI barcodes of Scolopsis specimens produced in this study, together with those available from GenBank, indicate S. vosmeri is part of a species complex which includes two additional cryptic sister species that require further taxonomic investigation. Key words: Synonymy, taxonomy, morphology, phenotypes, COI, molecular phylogeny Introduction Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013 was described from specimens col- lected from coastal waters of southern India and Sri Lanka. The species was distinguished from Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) by having a more robust suborbital spine; bony ridge beneath eye less prominent, covered with skin; pectoral fins not reaching to level of anus; and its lack of a white cheek band (Mishra et al. 2013). Recent collection of fresh specimens from the Bangladesh coast, northern Bay of Bengal, as well as underwater and aquarium observations, however, showed morphological differences with Scolopsis vosmeri are minor and the characters distinguishing S. igcarensis and S. vosmeri are somewhat variable, thus casting doubt on the taxonomic validity of the former species. In this paper we present morphological evidence and molecular data, based on the COI barcode region, that S. igcarensis in fact represents juvenile and subadult forms of S. vosmeri. Accordingly, we redescribe S. vosmeri and recognise S. igcarensis as a junior synonym. Material and methods Underwater observations of Scolopsis vosmeri undertaken by the first author in Myanmar during biodiversity sur- veys of the Myeik Archipelago in December 2014 (Russell 2015) and February 2016 (Russell 2016), were docu- mented using high definition underwater video (Sony Action Cam). Aquarium observations by the second author were made at Saint Martin’s Island, Bangladesh, and were supplemented by the collection of a range of different sized individuals, which were deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum (USNM) and University of Chittagong, Institute of Marine Sciences, Bangladesh (CUMS). Counts and measurements of speci- mens follow Russell & Gloerfelt-Tarp (1984) and were made on the left side wherever possible. All measurements Accepted by W. Holleman: 23 May 2019; published: 9 Jul. 2019 589 are expressed in millimeters rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm. Proportional measurements of specimens are given as percentage of standard length (SL) or head length (HL) unless otherwise indicated. Institutional abbreviations for specimens examined follow Sabaj (2016). Species delineation as well as the intraspecific genetic diversity were estimated using the nucleotide variation of a portion the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) region. This gene fragment was chosen since it is used as a DNA barcode for fish species in the worldwide barcoding initiative, FishBOL. Genomic DNA was extracted with the G-Spin Total DNA extraction mini kit (iNtRON biotechnology, Korea) from fins or muscle of four young individuals of Scolopsis vosmeri (initially identified as S. igcarensis) collected at Saint Martin’s Island, Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Additional specimens of Scolopsis taenioptera (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes), S. vosmeri and S. monogramma (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes) collected from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand were also analysed. Frag- ments of the COI were amplified by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) using primers FishF1+FishF2 and FishR1; following PCR conditions described in Ward et al. (2005). Sequencing was performed by Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea; http://dna.macrogen.com). All new sequences obtained in this study were deposited in GenBank (Ac- cession numbers: MK757264–MK757266 and MK779327–MK779330) and added to a large Scolopsis species COI library available in GenBank, and previously used in the study by Hung et al. (2016) to highlight OTUs in the genus Scolopsis. Sequences of S. vosmeri from the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea were mined from GenBank (until December 2018) and used in the Neighbour Joining analysis. COI sequences of Parascolopsis melanophrys Russell & Chin, P. tosensis (Kamohara), Scaevius milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent), Pentapodus emeryii (Richardson) and P. setosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes) were used as outgroups to root the tree. Phylogenetic relationships among Scolopsis species were depicted with a phylogenetic analysis based on the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method implemented in MEGA 7 (Kumar et al. 2016). Evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980). Nodal support was assessed by bootstrapping, based on 500 pseudo-replicates. Specimens examined (n = 62, 56.1–173.1 mm SL, * = morphometric data not taken): Pakistan: NTM S.17856- 025, 148.5 mm SL, Karachi; NTM S.17856-026, 141.8 mm SL, Karachi; NTM S.17856-027, 129.7 mm SL, Kara- chi. India: AMS I.21013-009, 112.1 mm SL, Madras (=Chennai); BPBM 27712 (paratype of Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra et al., 2013), 74.0 mm SL, off Mulloor Point, Vizhinjam, Kerala, India; CMFRI GB.31.98.5.6 (paratype of S. igcarensis), 148.1 mm SL, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; NTM S.11136-001, 116.1 mm SL, Madras (= Chen- nai); ZMB 8729* (holotype of Anthias vosmeri Bloch, 1792 left skin, in 3 parts), indeterminate SL, ‘japonisches Meer’ (erroneous, probably Tranquebar [= Tharangambadi], India: See Distribution below); ZSI F-331–333*, 3: 69.0–153.0 mm SL, Madras (= Chennai), (specimens figured in Day 1875); ZSI F-401*, c.57 mm SL, Bombay (= Mumbai) (specimen figured as Scolopsis leucotaenia (Bleeker) in Day 1875); ZSI F-2475* & 2476*, 2: 124.0– 129.0 mm SL, Madras (= Chennai); ZSI F-10623/2 (holotype of S. igcarensis), 118.2 mm SL, Kalpakkam (12°33´N, 80°11´E), Tamil Nadu, India; ZSI F-10624/2 (paratypes of S. igcarensis), 5: 75.9–115.6 mm SL, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India; ZSI F-10625/2 (paratypes of S. igcarensis), 3: 67.1–82.4 mm SL, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. ZSI F-10626/2, 137 mm SL, Tharuvaikullam; ZSI F-10627/2*, 5: 56.1–133.8 mm SL, Kalpakkam. Sri Lanka: BPBM 18765 (paratype of S. igcarensis), 74.0 mm SL, off Negombo; BPBM 19031, 150.0 mm SL, off Negombo; BPBM 19054 (paratype of S. igcarensis), 75.4 mm SL, off Negombo; BPBM 27195, 155.1 mm SL, Hikkaduwa; NTM S.13160-007, 162.5 mm SL, Chilaw. Bangladesh: USNM 443785 (GenBank No. MK779330), 138 mm SL, Teknaf Beach, Cox’s Bazar; USNM 443786, 106 mm SL, Teknaf Beach, Cox’s Bazar; USNM 443787, 125 mm SL, Teknaf Fish Market, Cox’s Bazar; USNM 443788 (GenBank No. MK779329), 96 mm SL, Saint Martin’s Island Jetty, Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar; USNM 443789 (GenBank No. MK779328), 77 mm, Saint Martin’s Island Jetty, Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar; CUMS F505.002, 128 mm SL, Teknaf Beach, Cox’s Bazar; CUMS F505.005, 93 mm SL, Saint Martin’s Island, Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar; CUMS F505.007 (GenBank No. MK779327), 85 mm SL, Teknaf Fish Market, Cox’s Bazar; CUMS F505.008, 134 mm SL, Teknaf Fish Market, Cox’s Bazar; CUMS F505.009, 135 mm SL, Teknaf Fish Market, Cox’s Bazar. Thailand: NTM S.10674-017, 126.4 mm SL, Phuket, Hat Kata and Ko Pu islet. Indonesia: MNHN 7837, 154 mm SL, Java, Batavia; NTM S.10733-011, 123.6 mm SL, Bali, Jimbaran; NTM S.16686-008, 152.2 mm SL, Bali, Jimbaran; NTM S.10664-001, 133.3 mm SL, Sumatra, Bengkulu; USNM 13178, 2: 151.0– 153.2 mm SL, Sulawesi, Makassar. Singapore: ZRC 4502, 134.2 mm SL, Singapore Fish market; ZRC 3400, 3: 121.6–144.1 mm SL, Ellenborough Market. South China Sea: ZRC 4169, 173.1 mm SL. East Malaysia: NTM S.14230-001, 2: 97.5–139.8 mm SL, Sabah, Sandakan; USNM 183179, 2: 151.6–155.0 mm SL, Sabah, Sandakan. Brunei: WAM P.33122-011, 1 of 13: 131.6 mm SL, Pelumpong I.; WAM P.33125, 160 mm SL. Pulau Punyit. 590 · Zootaxa 4629 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press RUSSELL ET AL. Results Counts and proportional measurements of Scolopsis vosmeri and the type series of S. igcarensis are shown in Table 1. There are no clear differences between counts and proportional measurements of S. vosmeri and the types of S. igcarensis, and the main distinguishing features of S. igcarensis—a more robust suborbital spine; bony ridge beneath eye less prominent, covered with skin; and pectoral fins not reaching to level of anus (Mishra et al. 2013) appear to be characters that are largely those of juveniles of S. vosmeri. Moreover, the lack of a white cheek band in S.
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