European Information System on Electromagnetic Fields Exposure and Health Impacts
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Electromagnetic Fields
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Measure: Why? • Measurement determines whether the • Measurement gives facts. For example, limit values for electromagnetic radiation public protection: On site measurements specified in laws, national regulations, and show the actual exposure levels. This can recommendations are being adhered to. help to allay unfounded anxiety, and can This is essential for occupational safety and be used to initiate further preventive action to protect the general public. – even if the values are well below the permitted limits. • Measurement gives reassurance. It is the most important step in effective protection. • Measurement makes sure. For instance, Take maintenance work on an antenna when planning high tension transmission array, for example: Are the transmitters lines or antenna arrays, spot check measure- switched off? Or is the field strength safe? ments show whether the field strength Do the actual values agree with the theor- simulation used in planning corres ponds to etical ones? reality. MEASURE: WHY? Measure: How? • Only standard-compliant measurements • Non-directional (isotropic) measurement is provide comparable, reproducible, and demanded by the standards. legally defensible results. • The permitted field strengths depend on • The measurement results must be under- the frequency. The measuring instrument standable, even for someone who is not must therefore be sensitive enough, have constantly concerned with electromagnetic a wide dynamic range, and be capable of fields. frequency selective field strength evaluation complying with regulations. • The electric and magnetic fields must be measured separately in the near field. • If the field strength is high or unknown, fit the instrument on a tripod and measure by remote control. MEASURE: HOW? Measure right! • Measurement means comparison with a known quantity. -
AN 307: Altera Design Flow for Xilinx Users Supersedes Information Published in Previous Versions
Altera Design Flow for Xilinx Users June 2005, ver. 5.0 Application Note 307 Introduction Designing for Altera® Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) is very similar, both in concept and in practice, to designing for Xilinx PLDs. In most cases, you can simply import your register transfer level (RTL) into Altera’s Quartus® II software and begin compiling your design to the target device. This document will demonstrate the similar flows between the Altera Quartus II software and the Xilinx ISE software. For designs, which the designer has included Xilinx CORE generator modules or instantiated primitives, the bulk of this document guides the designer in design conversion considerations. Who Should Read This Document The first and third sections of this application note are designed for engineers who are familiar with the Xilinx ISE software and are using Altera’s Quartus II software. This first section describes the possible design flows available with the Altera Quartus II software and demonstrates how similar they are to the Xilinx ISE flows. The third section shows you how to convert your ISE constraints into Quartus II constraints. f For more information on setting up your design in the Quartus II software, refer to the Altera Quick Start Guide For Quartus II Software. The second section of this application note is designed for engineers whose design code contains Xilinx CORE generator modules or instantiated primitives. The second section provides comprehensive information on how to migrate a design targeted at a Xilinx device to one that is compatible with an Altera device. If your design contains pure behavioral coding, you can skip the second section entirely. -
Table of Contents
2012 Sediment Quality Cascade Pole Site Olympia, Washington January 13, 2014 Prepared for Port of Olympia 915 Washington Street NE 130 2nd Avenue South Edmonds, WA 98020 (425) 778-0907 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1-1 1.1.1 Cleanup Action 1-1 1.1.2 Previous Performance Monitoring 1-2 1.1.2.1 Post-Construction Sediment Monitoring 1-2 1.1.2.2 Prior Performance Monitoring Event 1-2 1.2 REPORT ORGANIZATION 1-3 2.0 SEDIMENT MONITORING APPROACH 2-1 2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION 2-2 2.1.1 Subsurface Sediment Sampling Procedures 2-2 2.1.2 Surface Sediment Sampling Procedures 2-3 2.2 SAMPLE ANALYSIS 2-3 3.0 MONITORING RESULTS 3-1 3.1 SEDIMENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 3-1 3.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS 3-1 3.2.1 Interior Backfill and Subsurface Sediment Results 3-1 3.2.2 Surface Sediment Results 3-2 4.0 EVALUATION OF CLEANUP EFFECTIVENESS 4-1 5.0 USE OF THIS REPORT 5-1 6.0 REFERENCES 6-1 1/10/14 P:\021\039\FileRm\R\2012 Sed Monitoring Rpt\2012 Sed Quality Rpt.docx LANDAU ASSOCIATES ii FIGURES Figure Title 1 Vicinity Map 2 2012 Sediment Quality - Phase I Sample Locations 3 2012 Sediment Quality - Phase II Surface Sample Locations 4 2012 Sediment Quality - Phase III Surface Sample Locations TABLES Table Title 1 Sample Locations Coordinates 2 Interior Backfill and Subsurface Sediment Results 3 Surface Sediment Results APPENDICES Appendix Title A Sediment Exploration Logs B Analytical Laboratory Reports C Historical Sediment Analytical Results 1/10/14 P:\021\039\FileRm\R\2012 Sed Monitoring Rpt\2012 Sed Quality Rpt.docx LANDAU ASSOCIATES iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ARI Analytical Resources, Incorporated BGS Below Ground Surface CAP Cleanup Action Plan cPAH Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons CSL Cleanup Screening Level COPC Chemical of Potential Concern Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology GPS Global Positioning System LPAH Low Molecular Weight PAHs MBL Multiple Benefits Line MSS Marine Sampling Systems, Inc. -
(5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment
environments Article Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment Daniele Franci 1,*, Stefano Coltellacci 1, Enrico Grillo 1, Settimio Pavoncello 1, Tommaso Aureli 1, Rossana Cintoli 1 and Marco Donald Migliore 2,3 1 ARPA Lazio (Agenzia per la Protezione Ambientale del Lazio), Via G. Saredo 52, 00172 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (T.A.); [email protected] (R.C.) 2 DIEI (Dipartimento di Ingegeria Elettrica e dell’Informazione “Maurizio Scarano”)—University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via G. Di Biasio 43,03043 Cassino, Italy; [email protected] 3 ICEmB(Inter-University National Research Center on Interactions Between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems), Via All’Opera Pia, 11 A, 16145 Genova GE, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 17 March 2020 Abstract: The fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over the possible impact on health and safety arising from exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by 5G systems, making imperative the development of accurate electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement techniques and protocols. Measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with EMF exposure limits are object to international regulation. The basic principle of the assessment is to measure the power received from a constant radio frequency source, typically a pilot signal, and to apply a proper extrapolation factor. -
Radio Navigational Aids
RADIO NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Publication No. 117 2014 Edition Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Springfield, VA © COPYRIGHT 2014 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. WARNING ON USE OF FLOATING AIDS TO NAVIGATION TO FIX A NAVIGATIONAL POSITION The aids to navigation depicted on charts comprise a system consisting of fixed and floating aids with varying degrees of reliability. Therefore, prudent mariners will not rely solely on any single aid to navigation, particularly a floating aid. The buoy symbol is used to indicate the approximate position of the buoy body and the sinker which secures the buoy to the seabed. The approximate position is used because of practical limitations in positioning and maintaining buoys and their sinkers in precise geographical locations. These limitations include, but are not limited to, inherent imprecisions in position fixing methods, prevailing atmospheric and sea conditions, the slope of and the material making up the seabed, the fact that buoys are moored to sinkers by varying lengths of chain, and the fact that buoy and/or sinker positions are not under continuous surveillance but are normally checked only during periodic maintenance visits which often occur more than a year apart. The position of the buoy body can be expected to shift inside and outside the charting symbol due to the forces of nature. The mariner is also cautioned that buoys are liable to be carried away, shifted, capsized, sunk, etc. Lighted buoys may be extinguished or sound signals may not function as the result of ice or other natural causes, collisions, or other accidents. -
STANDARD FREQUENCIES and TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec
Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 1 SYSTEMS FOR DISSEMINATION AND COMPARISON RECOMMENDATION ITU-R TF.768-2 STANDARD FREQUENCIES AND TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) the continuing need in all parts of the world for readily available standard frequency and time reference signals that are internationally coordinated; b) the advantages offered by radio broadcasts of standard time and frequency signals in terms of wide coverage, ease and reliability of reception, achievable level of accuracy as received, and the wide availability of relatively inexpensive receiving equipment; c) that Article 33 of the Radio Regulations (RR) is considering the coordination of the establishment and operation of services of standard-frequency and time-signal dissemination on a worldwide basis; d) that a number of stations are now regularly emitting standard frequencies and time signals in the bands allocated by this Conference and that additional stations provide similar services using other frequency bands; e) that these services operate in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R TF.460 which establishes the internationally coordinated UTC time system; f) that other broadcasts exist which, although designed primarily for other functions such as navigation or communications, emit highly stabilized carrier frequencies and/or precise time signals that can be very useful in time and frequency applications, recommends 1 that, for applications requiring stable and accurate time and frequency reference signals that are traceable to the internationally coordinated UTC system, serious consideration be given to the use of one or more of the broadcast services listed and described in Annex 1; 2 that administrations responsible for the various broadcast services included in Annex 2 make every effort to update the information given whenever changes occur. -
Product Specification
Product Specification W-SPEED W-CLOUD W74PC W-PCIe W-PCI W74LAN W-PCIe-LAN, W-PCIe-LAN W-SPECTRA-LAN W-Spectrum Analysis W-Classifer W-BitView W-SAT-email-Decoder Product Specification Technical Overview and Specification Summary W-SPECTRA Software Characteristics Direct Receiver Control Support Wavecom receiver W-PCIe and WiNRADiO G3xDDC, e.g., G33DDC and G39DDC Instantaneous bi-directional receiver control Spectrum display wideband (up to 2 MHz) and narrowband (96 kHz) W-SPECTRA Operation Modes Direct Mode Memory Scan Frequency Search Automatic search signals (detect, classify and code Classify and decode a signal by Recan and verify signals ac- check) over a predefined fre- setting a receiver frequency cording to database entries. Description quency band according to a manually. Use “Sweep” mode New result can be inserted or search strategy. Results auto- to catch a signal in small range overwritten into the database matically inserted into a data- base Start to rescan the spectrum Start to sweep over a defined Start to search signals in a Start button according to the database en- frequency range wide range of frequency tries Stop button Stop sweeping Stop rescan Stop searching signals Jump to the previous frequen- Jump to the previous database Jump to the previous frequen- Previous button cy according to the step size entry cy according to the step size Jump to the next frequency Jump to the next database en- Jump to the next frequency Next button according to the step size try according to the step size Default Sweep range: 3000 -
Report ITU-R SM.2451-0 (06/2019)
Report ITU-R SM.2451-0 (06/2019) Assessment of impact of wireless power transmission for electric vehicle charging on radiocommunication services SM Series Spectrum management ii Rep. ITU-R SM.2451-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Resolution ITU- R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Vialitehd-EDFA-Datasheet-HRA-X-DS-1
www.vialite.com +44 (0)1793 784389 [email protected] +1 (855) 4-VIALITE [email protected] ® ViaLiteHD – EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) Next generation variable gain EDFA Single or multi-channel EDFA available 8 dB to 36 dB gain variants SNMP and RS232 control Fast start-up time EDFA AGC (Automatic gain control) Bi directional Option Standard 5-year warranty The ViaLiteHD Eribium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is available in either a single channel or multi-channel format depending on where it is utilized in the system. The EDFAs have low noise figures and variable gain ensuring the optimization of link noise figure and performance. They are available as part of a Ka-Band diversity antenna system, ultra-long distance system (up to 600 km) or as a stand-alone product. Options Low noise figure SNMP and RS232 control Fixed gain, auto power control, auto gain control software selectable Low switching time 8 dB, 18 dB, 20 dB, 23 dB, 24 dB, 33 dB or 36 dB gain (other gain variants available) Single channel or multiple channel Applications Formats 1U Chassis Ka-Band diversity rain fade application Fixed satcom earth stations and teleports Related Products Gateway reduction within a satellite footprint 50 km 1550 nm L-Band HTS Government installations 50 Ohm DWDM L-Band HTS Remote monitoring stations >50 km systems Remote oil and gas locations DWDM Multiplexers Remote wind farm locations Optical Switches Optical Delay Lines Popular products HRA-3-0B-8T-AF-D001 – ViaLiteHD EDFA, 24 dB Optical Amplifier, single channel HRA-4-0B-8T-AB-D008 -
THE CONCEPT of ELECTRON ACTIVITY and ITS RELATION to REDOX POTENTIALS in AQUEOUS GEOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS by Donald C
THE CONCEPT OF ELECTRON ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATION TO REDOX POTENTIALS IN AQUEOUS GEOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS by Donald C. Thorstenson U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 84 072 1984 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WILLIAM T. CLARK, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report may be write to: purchased from: Regional Research Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Western Distribution Branch Water Resources Division Open-File Services Section 432 National Center Box 25425, Federal Center Reston, Virginia 22092 Denver, Colorado 80225 ERRATA: (p. 1) 1. Equation (2), p. 3, should read: n 2.30RT 1 n 2.30RT , x = Ej? + _____ log__= E° + _____pH . (2) 2. Table 1, p. 6, entry 5, should read: In pure water, p e - 6.9; 3. Line 3, paragraph 3, p. 10 should read: As Fe^+ / aa \ is converted to Fe ( aa ) via equation (15) to 4. Equation (22), p. 13, should read: a n p - anya n+ e (aq) UA (aq) K = . (22) 5. Equation (38), p. 18, should read: F -log ae - = _______ Eh + . (38) ( acl) 2.303RT 2.303RT 6. Equation (52), p. 23, should read: ae- (aq) 7. Equation (53), p. 23, should read: pe s +6.9 and Eh s + 0.41 volt. (53) 8. Equation (54c), p. 23, should read: nu-'e ~ 10 -55.5 (aq) ERRATA: (p. 2) 9. The second line from the bottom, p. 28, should read: ....... (a state that has been maintained for * 105 years based on .... 10. The heading of Table 2, p. -
Synchronizing Time with Dcf77 and Msf60
SYNCHRONIZING TIME WITH DCF77 AND MSF60 In many of the applications that use the H0420 and Starling programmable audio controllers/players, clock synchronization is a requirement. This is especially the case with the H0420, because it lacks a battery backup for its internal real-time clock —hence, when there is a power drop-out (even for less than a second), the H0420 resets to 1 January 1970 at 00:00 hours. Even with a backup battery for the real-time clock, when the device is used outdoor, you may observe the clock on the H0420 or Starling to deviate from the true time. The reason is that the crystals used for timekeeping are calibrated for use at room temperature. The time that the device resets to after power-up, of 1 January 1970 at 00:00 hours, is the "start of the Unix era". This is a commonly used basis for time keeping in operating systems and embedded devices; see the Wikipedia article in the references. For keeping the time of the H0420/Starling accurate, there are two options: get the time from the network (a typical option for the Starling, as it has a network port), or get the time from some other source, such as a radio signal. This latter option is suitable when no network is available at the location, which is common in outdoor use. This article specifically discusses how to pick up the current "time of the day" from DCF77 signal, but also discusses MSF60. A particular advantages of synchronizing on a time signal radio station is that "daylight saving time" is automatically handled. -
Data Collected and Reviewed Regarding a Health Study for People Living Near a Nuclear Facility
04-0138 Data Collected and Reviewed Regarding a Health Study for People Living Near a Nuclear Facility Report to the Minnesota Legislature 2004 Minnesota Department of Health February 9, 2004 MIN NE SOT A Commissioner's Office 85 East Seventh Place, Suite 400 P.O. Box 64882 St. Paul, MN 55164-0882 ~ ~ (651)215-1300 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH www.hea1th.state.mn.us Data Collected and Reviewed Regarding a Health Study for People Living Near a Nuclear Facility February 9, 2004 For more information, contact: Environmental Health Division/Radiation Control Unit Minnesota Department of Health 1645 Energy Park Drive P.O. Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 Phone: (651) 643-2151 Fax: (651) 643-2152 TDD: (651) 215~0707 This report is produced as required by Minnesota Session Laws 2003, 1st Special Session, Chapter 11, Article 1, Sec. 5. As requested by Minnesota Statute 3.197: This report cost approximately $1,000 to prepare, including stafftime, printing and mailing expenses. Upon request, this material will be made available in an alternative format such as large print, Braille or cassette tape. Printed on recycled paper. Dear Interested Party: .The 2003 1st Special Session Chapter 11 Article 1, Sec. 5 requested that the Commissioner of Health "review data collected by the department, and in the context ofother relevant information developed by the National Institutes of Health and other entities, report to the legislature by January 1, 2004 on whether a further health study funded by the owner of the Prairie Island nuclear facility is necessary." Based on discussions with the author of this Section, the data reviewed focused on exposure to electric and magnetic fields.