A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Afirsthand report

BY DERRICK MORRISON side the Attica Correctional Facility were false." ATTICA, N.Y., Sept. 15-"Time would Monday, Sept. 13, around 11 a.m., Oswald's denial of "throat-slittings" have meant nothing here but lives, rang tr~er and truer as the hours and "castrations" and other "atroci­ and I thought lives were more im­ passed. Today the Buffalo Courrier ties" was forced in the wake of an portant than four days or eight days Express carried a bulletin reading: autopsy report from the Monroe or 10 days .... They (the inmates) " State Correction Commissioner Rus­ County Medical Examiner's office in told us yesterday (Sunday) no hos­ sell G. Oswald confirmed Tuesday Rochester. That report held that ni ne tages would be harmed if the police night that nine of the 10 hostages of the 10 hostages died of gunshot did not come in. They (hostages) who died in the Attica prison riot wounds. would have been alive, the ones who succumbed to gunshot wounds fired This sensational disclosure clearly died, right now." by state police during the retaking of demonstrates that the blood, the will­ These words, by the prominent civ- the maximum security facility Monday ful and deliberate murder of 32 in­ il liberties attorney William Kunstler, morning. He said that earlier reports mates and 10 guards and civilian spoken to me and other reporters out- that the hostages died of cut throats Continued on page 5 M.t\..JORITY . :oF- NEW . VOTERS ARE NONCOLLEGE ing $135 a month, were provided with pest-ridden,. squalid THIS YOUTH: 'S)f the il million Americans between the ages eating and sleeping quarters and "recreation centers" of 18 and21~ ·f?ur million· are college students and 900,- .. containing coin-operated pool tables and pinball machines. 000 are; higli ·school :stit·dents. Of the. rest, over ·four mil• · Cannasquillo charged that conditions were "inhuma~ ~' WEEK'S }Jon are workers, soo;ooo are Gis; one million are house~ · but Frank J. Jill, an owner of sever~! of the WQrsi ;camps, wives :a~a. 600,0~0 · a!~ in pris~ns or hospitals.· A story.·· had a ready answer when he was contacted by -repor,ters: MILITANT in the Sept.· 9 ·Los Angeles Times reports that both cap­ "I doubt very much that those conditions exis.t/: Jill told itali~t parties are stumped over how to reach the seven repqrters who had just seen the camps witl} t~~ir own 3 Good start ·toward goal million voters not on c-timpuses. A spokesman for the eyes. of 30,000 new readers Democratic National Committee says "because it's harder Hush over Saigon-U. 5. to identify them, it's harder to reach thern." A Republican FILIPINO MASS ACTION FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES: A offensive · spokeswoman says, "If you can find out how to get to Reuters dispatch dated Sept. 13 reports that about 15,000 persons marched in six columns through Manila in the 4 Bipartisan support to these noncollege people, let me know." But we asked a represe~tative of the Young Socialists for Jenness and Philippines to Plaza Miranda, demanding the immediate post-wage-freeze con­ Pulley, and she said, "For us, it's no big mystery. Young restoration of habeas corpus and the release of political trols workers and Gls and housewives and prisoners and high prisoners. According to the dispatch, the action was or­ 5 Attica prison massacre school students are concerned with the same issues we ganized by a coalition of 70 organizations called the 8 Army brass worried talk to col.lege students about- the war, Black and Brown Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties and about Gl morale liberation, women's liberation, G I rights, high school was participated in by nuns, priests, farmers, students 9 Nat' I support for Nov. rights and the need for socialism." and workers. 6 keeps growing THE CASE OF BILLY SMITH: An appeal from the NO REASON FOR PRISONS: An article by Jim Stingley 10 Boston SWP candidate Billy Smith Defense Committee reports that Smith is a from the Los Angeles Times that was carried in the Sept. visits prison Black G I framed up for a "fragging" incident in Vietnam. 8 Washington Post tries to show the reader how things 11 Pulley blasts Rockefeller He is· being held in solitary confinement .at Ft. Ord and look from the prison guards' point of view. Most of the for Attica massacre faces the death penalty if he is convicted. The Army's interviews are just what one would expect, but one of 12 Women's liberation and evidence is that Smith had a grenade pin in his pocket the guards, without meaning to, touched the heart of the matter. "I think the thinking of the people outside needs political power (hardly unusual· among Gls who are issued and use . grenades ia combat) and that he has a "bad attitude" correcting," he said. "I mean, there doesn't seem to be 15 Pl breaks with Maoism -i.e., he hates the war and hates the Army. For more any real reason for having a prison any more.... " 16 labor unity is theme of information and to help, write the defense committee at UE convention 288 Alvarado St., Monterey, Calif. 93730 or call (408) VEG-0-MATIC: It's a small comfort, but late last month 17 AFT projects no fight 373-2305. the Federal Trade Commission finally got around to against wag.e freeze telling Popeil Brotlie.rs Inc. that their "works-like-magic" 19 Pentagon papers: Viet­ SIT-IN GETS RESULTS IN SPAIN: Eighteen days of food· slicer isn't good for slicing much. The company sit-ins, involving up to 2,000 doctors, forced Madrid med­ signed a consent order agreeing not H> engage in "false nam escalation sparks ical authorities to back down from their plans to reduce and deceptive advertising," but a company spokesman antiwar movement the number of beds for psychiatric patients at the Fran­ said Popeil Brothers felt no change in their existing ad­ 24 New developments in cisco Franco Medical Center there, the New York Times vertising was called for. More newsworthy than the tooth­ Davis, Magee trials reported Sept. 14. Not only were the beds kept and dis­ lessness of the FTC is the way the agency happened to Campaign launched to charged staff people rehired, but a commission including act against the Veg-0-Matic commerical. An FTC em­ convict Hanrahan doctors' representatives has been set up to determine future ployee purchased one after seeing it demonstrated on Stokes assailed for ex- policy at the center as a result of the sit-in. late TV. When he bought one and tried to slice a tomato, he said, "It splattered all over everything. It was as if .. cusing Rockefeller CAPITALIST CAMPAIGN WRITEOFFS: Representative it had exploded." Samuel Devine ( R-Ohio) revealed some evidence of one way capitalist candidates trim their campaign budgets PRISON LEGION POST: The New York Daily News 2 In Brief when he inserted figures on airline writeoffs for 1968 reported Sept. 11 that 37 inmates at the Colorado state 6 In Our Opinion Republican and Democratic presidential aspirants in the prison in Canon City had been granted a charter by the Letters Congressional Record Sept. 8. Some of the figures include American Legion and allowed by the prison administra­ 7 Great Society writeoffs from American Airlines of $69,376 for Nixon, tion to set up a post at the institution. It sounds good The National Picket Line $138,762 for Humphrey, $135,872 for McCarthy, and to us, not because of the Legion but because of the prec­ $415,120 for Robert Kennedy. United Airlines wrote off edent involved. If these prisoners can set up a Legion 73 Women: The Insurgent bills of $75,000 for Nixon and Agnew, $79,000 for post, other inmates should be allowed to set up chapters Majority Humphrey and Muskie and $12,651 for Kennedy. TWA of antiwar veterans organizations- or of Black, Puerto 14 La Raza en Accion wrote off close to $250,000 for Humphrey, $6,000 for Rican, or Chicano nationalist organizations or any other 17 By Any Means Neces­ McCarthy and $13,000 for the Republican National Com­ kind of organization with which they wish to affiliate. sary mittee. 20 In· Review BEING GAY NO SECURITY RISK, JUDGE SAYS: Dis­ STUDENT VOTERS WIN RULING: A U.S. District trict Judge John H. Pratt ruled in Washington, D. C., Sept. Court told registrars in New Haven, Conn., Sept. 13 13 that government security evaluators cannot deny clear­ to stop discriminating against students in determining ance to applicants because they are homosexuals. The the resident status of voter applicants. If an applicant ruling came on three suits brought by the American Civil is 18, has lived in New Haven for six months and re­ Liberties Union on behalf of three men who had been gards it as his or her home, the judge said, then it must suspended from their work on the basis of their sexuality­ be presumed that the applicant is a resident. a linguist and two scientists.

INHUMAN CONDITIONS FOR PUERTO RICAN MI­ DELIVERED FROM TEMPTATION: The Sept. 13 News­ GRANT WORKERS: An investigating team of legislators week magazine reported that Billy Graham, in Amsterdam from Puerto Rico, headed by Senator Ernesto Cannas­ to attend an evangelists convention, donned a cap and quillo, is in the U.S. for two weeks to inspect the living shades to see what life was like in the city's notorious and working conditions of Puerto Ricans here. When Can­ red-light district. Graham admitted that he was "strongly nasquillo's team went to look at migrant labor camps tempted" on his visit, Newsweek says. "I was inclined in New Jersey Sept. 11-12, the state Migrant Labor Bu­ to stand in the middle of the street and shout, 'People, THE MILITANT reau had an itinerary all drawn up that would have there is salvation for you! God loves you!'" the ace Bible­ VOLUME 35/NUMBER 34 taken the team to atypical, better-than-average camps. beater told a Dutch reporter. He restrained himself, how­ SEPfEMBER 24, 1971 Cannasquillo brushed aside the planned tour and refused ever, because, "After all, it wasn't a suitable occasion." CLOSING NEWS DATE-SEPf. 15 to accept New Jersey's request that reporters not be We agree, but we can't think of any occasion that would Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS brought along. The reporters and investigators went to be suitable for such crazy behavior. Technical Editor: JON BRITTON camps where workers with open sores on their feet, earn- -LEE SMITH Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Tel: (213) 463-1917.

Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass' n., 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) 929-3486. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscrip­ tion: domestic, $6 a year; foreign, S7.50. By first-class mail: domestic and Canada, S22, all other countries, S24. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, S26; Latin America and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, Asia (including U.S.S.R.), SSO. Write for sealed air postage rates. Signed articles by contributors do not neces­ ssarily represent The Militant's views. These are ex­ pressed in editorials.

2 Good.start toward goal of ••o

Bynew FLAX HERMES 'readers Arnall and Claire Fraenzl from Berke­ SEPT. 14- Tomorrow the drive for ley, Eva Chertov from N.Y., and Pam 30,000 new readers to The Militant Hunt from Los Angeles was on its officially opens. The national sub­ way to Sacramento, Calif., at the end scription teams got an early start, of the week. however, and were already out on All of the teams expect to make a the road last week. The initial reports good showing on our first scoreboard, indicate that they are off to a good which will be made up on Tuesday, start. Sept. 21, and printed in next week's After one day in Albany, N.Y., the issue of The Militant Mid-Atlantic team of DebbyWoodroofe A number of areas have written to and Sally Moore from N. Y. and Fred us outlining their plans to meet their White from Boston reported selling . quotas for the sub drive. Jim Ken­ 40 subs in several hours. They would drick, sub drive director in Oakland­ have stayed longer, but YSA members Berkeley, said they plan to make two­ THE MILITANT IS THERE ... in Albany wanted to continue on their thirds of their quota by the halfway own. bringing you on-the-spot coverage of the Attica prison revolt mark of the drive. He indicated they and massacre. Our reporter, Derrick Morrison, flew to Attica Dave Salner from Cleveland, Terry "view the quota (of 1,000) as a modest to gather firsthand information on the prisoners and the Hillman and Nat London from N.Y., one- a quota not to be met, but to and Carl Wilke from Detroit made be exceeded!" events leading to the massacre. Richmond, Va., their first stop through The Militant not only brings you the facts about the in­ the South. They called in Sunday to human conditions of the prisons but is also increasingly report they sold 95 subscriptions and Kendall Green, sub director in At­ read by prisoners. Recently our "Letters" sec;:tion has printed lanta, Ga., sent in a list of the week­ 80 single issues their first two days. correspondence from inmates who look to The Militant for Interest was high for information end trips to outlying campuses they about the fall antiwar and abortion have scheduled. New York also plans support in their fight against oppression. repeal actions and the team requested to send teams of sub sellers into the In the coming weeks, The Militant will follow the develop­ that more literature be sent to them surrounding areas. If the experiences ments in the prisons and the reaction to the Attica massacre, special delivery. Black students were of the national teams are an indication along with continued coverage of the trial of Angela Davis especially receptive and the team is of what to expect, these weekend trips and the murder of George Jackson. planning to stop at a number of all­ should prove very fruitful. Black colleges and universities Twin Cities, Minn., and Oakland­ throughout the South. Berkeley sent in the first big batches Subscribe now 10 •·••• Hurricane Fern slowed down one of subs: 135 from the Twin Cities ·to­ ( ) Enclosed is $1 for 10 weeks of The Militant. of the Southwest teams momentarily. wards their quota of 1,000 and 100 Steve Bloom from Denver, Mareen Ja­ (------­ ) Enclosed is $2 for three months of the International So­ from Oakland-Berkeley towards their sin and Dorinda Sanchez from Texas, goal of 1,000. cialist Review and 10 weeks of The Militant. and Peter Herreshoff from Los Angeles Readers who want to help sell sub­ ( ) Send me a full year of The Militant for $6. said they would wait for the winds scriptions this fall should let the Mili­ ( ) I'm a GI. Send me six months of The Militant for $1.60. to die down before heading out to tant business office know the size quota ( ) I'm a prisoner. Send me six months of The Militant free. Brownsville, Texas, their first stop. you want to take. The latest request But they didn't think they would have for a quota came from a GI stationed Name ______any problems making up the lost time at Travis AFB in California who took Address ______by the end of next week. a quota of eight subs and has already City ______State ______Zip ____ _ The second Western team of Mike sent in five. 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014 -- Hush over new U.S. offensive in Vietnam By DICK ROBERTS "United States forces supporting the to 2,000 United States troops are sup­ pose of discovering the conditions un­ "Quangtri is the acid test of Vietnam­ South Vietnamese drive are playing porting it. 'These a~;;~ personnel in­ der which a viable South Vietnam ization," a U.S. military official told a security role that is consistent with volved in the air and artillery support economy, closely meshed with that of New York Times reporter Iver Peter­ Vietnamization." of the operation,' he said." The Quang­ the 'free world,' could be built. son Sept. 8. In Saigon, Associated Press reporter •ri campaign was preceded by three "One of these studies was carried "The performance of the South Viet­ George Esper talked to Col. Phillip H. weeks of massive U.S. ·bombing of out for the Institute of Defense Anal­ namese without American ground sup­ Stevens, a spokesman for Gen. Creigh­ the area. ysis, a Pentagon-financed group, by port will provide observers here with ton W. Abrams, commander of U.S. Meanwhile, an informative assess­ Arthur Smithies-whose links with the indications of the success of the Viet­ forces in Vietnam. "Active defense is ment of the real meaning of Nixon's CIA are well known. namization program," correspondent what we're conducting," said Stevens. "Vietnamization" policies appeared in "More recently, on May 28 this year, Peterson wrote. The AP dispatch was carried in the the Le Monde Weekly English Edition the State Department gave Columbia But that is practically the last word New York Post Sept 8. of Sept. 11. (This weekly news sum­ University a research contract to in­ that has appeared in leading news­ Col. Stevens continued, "A passive mary by the influential Paris daily vestigate the ways international orga­ papers about the 10,000-man U.S.­ defense is sitting and waiting for some­ newspaper Le Monde now appears nisations can be associated with the Saigon offensive launched near the thing to happen." as a supplement to the British weekly reconstruction of South Vietnam. The Laos border in the northernmost re­ An Associated Press dispatch from magazine The Manchester Guardian.) survey is expected to last seven gion of South Vietnam Sept. 7. Saigon, which noted the 58th officially According to Le Monde correspon­ months, will cost $42,935, and will According to Peterson, "Troop-car­ admitted U.S. air strike against North dent Jacques Decornoy, "Nothing ... be carried out by the same Mr. Smith­ rying helicopters, artillE!ry, air strikes, Vietnam in 1971, also reported of­ indicates that Washington has lost in­ ies and by Professor Allan Goodman, and transportation of war supplies ficial recognition of the Quangtri cam­ terest in the future of South Vietnam who has written several articles on are being provided by United States paign: or that it has stopped propping up the economy of an independent South forces though no U.S. ground troops "At United States headquarters here, its proteges there. Vietnam. are participating in the sweep." Maj. Richard Gardner, in the first of­ "The truth is quite the contrary. In "There is also the report prepared According to a Reuters dispatch, ficial comment on the American role the last few months, a number of stud­ by Professor E. Benoit of Columbia Sept. 8, Defense Department spokes­ in the South Vietnamese campaign, ies have been made on the Vietnam­ University on the South Vietnamese man Jerry W. Friedheim stated that acknowledged that as many as 1,500 ization of the economy, with the pur- Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 3 lpartlsan support ta past·frel!ll! mntrals By FRANK LOVELL Nixon announced to Congress that "The system dustry Stabilization Committee. The purpose of All. accounts from Washington confirm that there of wage and price stabilization that follows the this committee is to hold down wages in the in­ was general bipartisan approval on Capitol Hill freeze will require the fullest possible cooperation, dustry. when Nixon appeared before the joint session of not only between the executive and legislative If this is the pattern for the "cooperation" Meany Congress on Sept. 9 to deliver his state-of-the-econ­ branches, but also by all Americans." and Woodcock now offer the employers, it can omy speech. He said nothing. new that had not The cooperation of the executive and legislative serve only to hold down wages in the same way. been said by him or others of the Republican branches of government is assured by the bipar­ Such "cooperation" will not and cannot hold down administration several times since his Aug. 15 tisan support of the new economic policy. The "prices, profits, dividends, rents and executive com­ announcement of the 90-day wage freeze and his support of employers is assured because they have pensation. . . . " proclamation of the "new economic policy." He everything to gain and nothing to lose. The sup­ The union movement can force restraint-s -on projected a "system of wage and price stabiliza­ port of "all Americans" is in doubt because the profits, but only if it uses the class struggle methods tion" following the freeze, urged the cooperation working class is the vast majority and they have of the 1930s when it broke the "open shop" and of all "interested groups"- including business and everything to lose and nothing to gain. . forced the employers to cooperate on a new basis. labor- and reiterated the "work ethic" philosophy The Nixon administration hopes to use the pres­ This is what is needed now. propounded earlier in his Labor Day message. ent leaders of the union movement to hold wages The union movement h~s great social w~ight On the international aren!l, he promised, by in check in the immediate period ahead, and is and economic power. However, it is threatened implication, to use U.S. military and industrial busy now working out the details of this operation. by the decline of the U.S. economy. Unemploy­ superiority to "keep America No. 1 in the world Nixon told Congress, "This new era is a time ment is undermining the unions, sapping the economically." This was submitted by Nixon as of new rela~ionships in the world; of a changed strength of the working class, pitting those out the way "to meet the challenges of peace." balance of economic power; of new challenges of work against others on the job, breaking down These facets of the Nixon speech constitute the to our leadership and to our standards of living." conditions of work, and lowering the standard three prongs of attack by the employing class of living. upon the union movement and upon the living The union movement has demanded a federal standards of the working class. To Nixon and the employers, this means that public works program to create jobs. This is nec­ Few policies of government in the past have had the rate of productivity in U. S. industry must essary, but an adequate program will not be won rise and the real wages of U.S. labor must drop such near unanimity of support as this one. The so long as the unions rely on th.e parties of big if they are to retain their present high profits and only complaints lodged by Democrats against Nix­ business, the Republicans and Democrats. In addi­ continue to compete su~cessfully in the world on's plan of attack were by Senator Henry M. tion to a much needed public works program, Jackson (D-Wash. ), who seeks the presidential nom­ market. unions should fight for a reduction in the work­ Lee A. Iacocca, president of the Ford Motor ination, and by Congressmen Henry S. Reuss week from 40 hours to 30 with no loss in weekly Company, told the Sales Executives Club of New (D-Wis.) and Wilbur D. Mill!!! (D-Ark.). All three take-home pay. The unions cannot wait for Con­ York on Sept. 10, one day after Nixon's speech, said Nixon should have extended the wage freeze gress or plead with the employers to reduce hours. beyond Nov. 13. "there is no way that we at Ford can invent enough The shorter workweek was won in the past and processes and techniques to increase productivity will be won again only when the organized work­ enough to offset the increases in labor costs that ers refuse to work the longer hours. are baked into our labor contracts, not to men­ The affects of inflation are also hurting workers, tion absenteeism, and featherbedding." NOW convention votes and like unemployment can be solved only by The goal that Nixon has set and that Iacocca them. explained, has a special meaning for all workers to oppose wage freeze Unions can protect workers against the ravages including those at Ford. For all of them, it means of inflation by forcing all employers to peg wages The following resolution in opposition to Nix­ more work for less pay. to consumer prices. If the prices rise, then wages on's wage freeze was passed by the Sept. must go up accordingly. This demand- advanced 4-6 national convention of the National Or­ Union officials respond for all workers - can be enforced only by the In his Labor Day statement, AFL-CIO President ganization for Women. The resolution was unions, not by wage-price control boards appointed George Meany argued that workers' wages are presented to the convention by the Resolutions by the government. low while prices and profits are high. ("Compared Committee. For the union movement to win this, it must with government standards, workers are making retain the right to strike and remain independent $85 a week less than a thoderate standard of of all government-controlled "economic stabiliza­ Whereas, roughly two-thirds of the American living and $12 short of a minimum standard of people over the age of 16 who live in poverty tion" machinery. living.") He demand~d "economic justice" and "full The immediate cause of the present intensified in­ are women; and employment" ("For only full employment will pro­ flation is the war in Southeast Asia. This can duce prosperity for all Americans.") Whereas, the impact of inflation on women be brought to a halt by the massive participa­ Meany, however, doesn't answer the question: in this country is particularly severe; and tion of the union movement in the antiwar struggle. How will "economic justice" and "full employment" Whereas, NOW is opposed to a wage-price Nixon claims to be "winding down" the war, but be brought about? · freeze without controls on profit and interest a quarter-million troops still remain in Vietnam, The employing class in one voice says it can and the war spending continues. Ending the war while the government continues to hand out and will solve the economic crisis. But their solu­ would provide significant funds to begin the pro­ tax rebates to big business, tion is increased attacks on workers. What alter­ cess of rebuilding in this country, immediately Be it resolved, that NOW call ori women and native can the working class offer? creating more jobs. Me~ny states, "The AFL-CIO has time and again, the labor movement to take'' the initiative in These demands are discussed and debated now since February 1966, said that if the econo~ic formulating a more eHective and equitable within the union movement-informally at emer­ situation warrants extraordinary overall stabiliza­ program for combating inflation than that gency conferences such as that held by the Amer­ tion measures, the AFL-CIO would cooperate so ican Federation of Teachers Sept 8, and possibly which is embodied in the administration's eco­ long as restraints were equitably placed on all more decisively at the scheduled UA W convention nomic stabilization package; specifically, a costs and incomes- including all prices, profits, Nov. 22. These discussions are important, but more equitable program should rectify the dividends, rents, and executive compensation, as the union movement can best mobilize its massive two weaknesses of the existing government well as employes' wages and salaries." forces and win the support of its indispensable Leonard Woodcock, president of the United Auto policy: 1) that it favors the interests of profit allies if it convenes a congress of labor for the Workers, is seeking support in Congress for the receivers over those of wage earners, and purpose of drafting a program of action around establishment of a government "review board"­ 2} that it freezes the existing wage structure these basic demands. comprised of labor, management and "public" rep­ with its many inequities, and in particular resentatives - to investigate wages, prices and those which discriminate against women; profits. Be it further resolved, that any structure set These are the traditional "statesman-like" things up to deal with this problem should reflect for labor leaders to do and say in situations such the sex composition of the population, as well as the present. as consumers, labor and so forth. These labor bureaucrats· make a bad mistake because under this system of private ownership of the banks and factories and mines and the means of transportation and distribution, there The new 'work ethic' is no basis for cooperation between capital and "Hard work is what made America great," Nixon labor to bring about "economic justice." declared. "Let us get rid of a system where going The present gang of labor officials who have on welfare is more profitable than going to work." grown old in office propose to restore "economic Such demagogic appeals to right-wing ignorance justice" by reviving the half-forgotten World War and prejudice are expressions of the "work ethic" II tripartite economic stabilization boards com­ which Nixon chose as a theme of his Labor Day prised of employers, labor and "the public"- all message. When stripped of the rhetoric and plati­ appointed by the president of the United States. tudes, it is the standard demand of all bosses Under wartime conditions, these government that workers should be on time, take pride in boards held down wages, tried to deprive unions their work, compete with their fellow workers to of the right to strike, and froze workers to their produce more for lower wages, and be happy jobs. That was not "economic justice." It was a about it. This individualistic, highly competitive way of building a huge armaments industry quick­ "work ethic" is another name for the profit motive ly and cheaply for the enrichment of the employing which . employers long ago learned to apply by class. firing those who failed to keep up the pace and Last March, the craft union officials in the build­ replacing them with younger, leaner and hungrier ing trades, prodded by Meany, consented to submit workers from the vast reserve army of the un­ all subsequent wage settlements to a government­ "I don't know much about 'work ethic' -I just employed. sponsored tripartite board, the Construction In- wish I could get a job." Herblock

4 er orders· mass slauu•r 01 Continued from page J of adequate food, water and shelter mediate reception. They could not be employees is on the hands of Oswald for all of the inmates; the application dismissed or tossed aside. The inmates and New York's Governor Nelson of the New York State minimum wage not only demanded that the news Rockefeller, as well as President Nix­ law standards to all work done by media spotlight the negotiations, since on, who sanctioned the attack. inmates; provision of a healthy diet they had nothing to hide, but listed This disclosure also strongly sug­ by reducing the number of pork dishes specific individuals who they wanted gests that there are many other im­ and increasing the amount of fresh to act as an observer committee, as a portant facts about the massacre that fruit daily; the provision of adequate liaison between them and the state. are being withheld from the public. medical treatment and the engagement This observer committee came to in­ This indicates the need for a broad, of either a Spanish-speaking doctor clude, at one time or another, national committee to investigate or interpreters who will accompany Kunstler; Juan Ortiz of the Young every aspect of this tragic event and Spanish-speaking inmates to medical Lords Party; Bobby Seale of the Black bring the facts before the American interviews; modernization of the in­ Panther Party; Minister Jaybar Ken­ people. mate education system, including the yatta of_ the Los Angeles Muslim According to an unidentified state establishment of a Spanish library; Mosque; Clarence Jones, the Black policeman, the orders handed down true religious freedom; the provision publisher of the Amsterdam News in before the assault were to "shoot to of adequate legal assistance to all in­ New York City; Representative J{er­ kill," and this order was savagely car­ mates requesting it, or permission for man Badillo (D-N. Y.); State Senator ried out by the 600 state police, sher­ them to use imitate legal assistance John R. Dunne, •a Republican from iff deputies, and prison guards, and of their· choice in any proceedings Long Island who was on the Penal the 400' National Guardsmen who whatsoever, and that in all such pro­ Codes Committee of the legislature; ' stormed the prison at 8:45 Monday ceedings, inmates should be _entitled William Gaiter, director of BUILD, New- Ybrk Times columnist Tom morning. Any inmate who resisted or to appropriate due process of law; · a Buffalo antipoverty organization; Wicker was one of the few reporters raised his hand was cut down in the ending of approved lists for correspon­ and others. inside the prison during the rebellion. hail of rifle fire. dents and visitors; institution of a pro­ After Oswald was threatened with He had an opportunity to observe Since no reporters or onlookers wit­ gram for the recruitment and employ­ being taken as hostage on the first and talk with a few of the Attica reb­ nessed the assault, the police and ment of a significant number of Black day of the revolt, he never again en­ els. Some of his articles have given and Spanish-speaking officers. guardsmen acted without restraint. tered the liberated area of the prison. a little of the feel of what the rebellion The Attica massacre has so far There was a demand asking for pas­ So the observer committee became the was like. The following observations claimed 42 lives. · Eight inmates sage to a "nonimperialist country," for sole link between the inmates and the were made in his Sept. 15 article en­ remain unaccounted for. Only a par­ leaders of the rebellion, but according state. Through this committee, word titled "'Unity!' A Haunting Echo from tial list of the prisoners murdered has to Kunstler this demand had only a of a number of grievances got out­ Attica": few adherents. been made public. like inmates being forced to work for Late Sunday afternoon ... a Black Other demands related to giving the 25 cents a day, and how Puerto Rican prisoner seized the microphone. inmates some measure of control over Revolt against oppression prisoners who spoke only Spanish "To oppressed people all over the The Attica prison rebellion was the their situation. One such demand were refused treatment by prison doc­ world," he shouted, "We got the solu­ called for the establishment of an· in­ biggest to date. More than 1,200 of tors. tion! The solution is unity!" mate .grievance commission, com­ the 2,254 inmates participated. It is The committee members noted that The Black inmate's impassioned cry reported to have begun Thursday prised of one elected inmate from each the inmates were well organized. They also ·suggests several other aspects of morning, Sept. 9, when a group of company, which is authorized to treated the hostages and the committee that strange society-its strikingly ef­ speak to the administration concern­ inmates refused to form into ranks members better than they treated them­ fective organization, its fierce political ing grievances and develop other pro­ to go on a work detail. Of the four selves. Two hostages who had been radicalism, its submergence of racial cedures for inmate participation in the cell blocks, the rebelling inmates· injured in the initial stages of the re­ animosity in class solidarity.... operation and decision-making pro­ seized total control of "D" and par­ bellion were released on Saturday. Time and again, one or another of tial control of "B". They held 41 cesses of the institution. One died of his injuries. [the] leaders evoked convincing evi­ guards and civilian workers as hos­ A further measure was to establish As the negotiations proceeded, it be­ dence of prisoners' unity.... the freedom of all New York State tages. came evident that prison authorities Their organization was most evident prisoners to be politically active with­ The regular superintendent or war­ were engaging in double-talk-pur­ in excellent security arrangements.... out intimidation or reprisal. Concom­ den of Attica, Vincent R. Mancusi, porting to agree with the demands, Human chains of men with linked was so much a part of inmate griev­ mitant with this was the demand to while preparing the police assault arms maintained effective crowd con­ ances that he could not participate in . end censorship of newspapers, maga­ force. In fact, Oswald claimed on Sun­ trol. subsequent negotiations. So the state zines and other material from pub­ day, in a statement to the press, that The only weapons in evidence were lishers. commissioner, Oswald, came onto the he was in agreement with 28 of the baseball bats, _iron pipes, and one These two measures would have scene. 30 demands. The.demands he would tear gas launcher in_ the possession granted inmates the right to set up He went into Cellblock D-along not even verbally agree to were those of a masked security man. political clubs and study groups and with University of Buffalo law profes­ demands for criminal amnesty and Tha:t kind of organization, not to publish their own newspapers. sor Herman Schwartz, who is a per­ the removal of Mancusi. mention the unity displayed by the sistent critic of prison authorities- not Along with these demands, the in­ Oswald and Rockefeller claimed they prisoners, would have been impossible so much to negotiate as to demand mates wanted complete physical, ad­ had no constitutional power to grant if there had been racial discord in the release of all hostages and that ministrative, and criminal amnesty, amnesty. Yet a court order had been Block D. None was apparent to the the rebels cease and desist. and the removal of Warden Mancusi. obtained by Professor Schwartz bar­ observers. The human security chains To Oswald's surprise, however, he Physical amnesty related to beatings ring administrative reprisal for the "'rere interracial; the leadership com­ found himself returning and carrying that the guards might administer after rebellion. Although .. the inmates tore mittee featured at leastthree white men, out inmate orders to bring back a the prisoners returned to their cells. the court order up because it did not although the rebelling inmates must couple of newsmen with him. Administrative amnesty related to no have the judge's seal on it, it illus­ have been at least &P percent Black At the second meeting, inmate prosecution of prisoners because of trated that the inmates had legal ad­ and Puerto Rican. leaders read a statement which cap­ property damage, no solitary confine­ visers amongst themselves, who knew Once, when a Black prisoner was tured the essence of their action. It ment or tampering with the status of the law and the powers of state of­ orating at a high pitch about the dis­ said in part, "The entire incident that prisoners slated for parole. And crim­ ficials. All types of pardons, commu­ advantages suffered by Blacks in has erupted here at Attica is a re­ inal amnesty involved no prosecution tations of sentences, and amnesty America, an inmate shouted back at sult . . . of the unmitigated oppres­ for the taking of hostages or any grants have come from the governor's him in a heavy Puerto Rican accent: sion wrought by the racist administra­ other act taken during the rebellion. chair in the past, so their demand was "Don't forget our white brothers! tion network of this prison.... We In other words; what the inmates not without precedent. They're in this, too!" ... are men. . . . We are not beasts, and were saying was that the state, which 'As the storm clouds indicating an Racial harmony, evident as it was, we do not intend to be beaten or created the prison system, take full assault began to gather, the committee was not so prominent in Block D driven as such.... What has hap­ responsibility for the monstrosity and inmates asked for more time to as were radical class and political pened here is but the sound before which it erected; that the victims not consider Oswald's "agreement." They views. Every orator pictured the re­ the fury of those who are oppressed. suffer further victimization. also asked for the presence of Rocke­ belling prioners as political victims, We will not compromise on any terms During the four-day rebellion, the feller in order to thoroughly discuss men at the bottom of the heap for except those that are agreeable to us. state was obliged to feign some cul­ his rejection of criminal amnesty, a whom society cared nothing, to whom We call upon all the conscientious cit­ pability for prison conditions. After demand which would resolve them of it gave the worst of treatment and izens of America to assist us in put­ all, the previous prison and jail re­ any criminal prosecution in relation offered no redress of grievance. ting an end to this situation that volts, the articles and books published to the rebellion. The prisoners referred to themselves threatens not only us but each and by inmates and ex-inmates, and the Seale, who had entered the liberated constantly as "brothers" and stressed every person in the United States as government's own studies of the pri­ area Saturday night and then flew time and again their determination well." sons, have sensitized the public to the back to Oakland, Calif., telephoned to stand together. By the time of this meeting, the in­ human agony, torture and death ex­ Oswald · Sunday afternoon to tell him "When you don't give a damn, you mates had also drawn up a set of perienced in the nation's penal system. he was returning Monday morning don't have nothing to give up but demands. This set of demands, as it because the inmates wanted to con­ your life!"· one speaker shouted. And evolved, became the most comprehen- · Observer committee sult with him. Seale asked for time, another reminded them that Malcolm sive expression yet to issue out of a So when Attica, which is 85 per­ and Oswald responded affirmatively. X, the Black Muslim leader, had said prison rebellion. cent Black and Puetto Rican, revolted, To· stay any efforts at an invasion, that "if you gon' make a revolution, The inmates called for the provision the demands of the inmates found im- Continued on page 22 you got to believe."

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 5 In Our Opinion 'We .are human beings' Letters "We are men. We ore not beasts, and we do not intend to be beaten or driven as such .... What ·has happened here is but the sound Political prisoner Ellsberg case At least one capitalist politician before the fury of those who are oppressed." -from the:! Sept. 9 state­ I received your letter [from the Mil­ itant business office) and The Mili­ shows signs of learning from the ment of the Attica rebels. tant· I was very happy to hear from antiwar movement and understand­ "We no longer wish to be treated as statistics, as numbers. We want you. Only one thing was wrong ing the dynamic of our struggles. to be treated as human beings. If we cannot live a~ people, we will with yQJJ.r letter- you called this a Senator Robert Dole of Kansas­ at least try to die like men."- Brother Flip (Charles Horatio Crowley) "correctional' institution. It's not; the Republican national chairman, "(The hostages are) sleeping on mattresses, but I ain't sleeping on it's a slave camp, where the strong no less-has noticed that rather . than convincing the American peo-. no mattress; They treat us like animals, we take care of them .. Well rule over the weak and poor. I would like for you to print these ple that we are a thoroughly bad I ask you, does animals take care of people or does people take care few words which I would like to lEU, persecuting antiwar activists a~ of anin1als?"- Brother Champ , write to sisters and brothers in the tually persuades them to join us. • struggle. Discussing a possible indictment From Attica, New York, last week the rebellion of a significant seg­ Political prisoner of Daniel Ellsberg, who allegedly ment of humanity, demanding to be treated as human beings, shook State Correctional Institution made the Pentagon Papers available Huntington, Pa. to the New York 1Ymes, Dole made this country to its very marrow. It marked another turning point in the following observation ( 7Tines, the deepening, spreading radicalization.· July 16): "That would heat up the Within hours after the brutal slaughter of dozens of helpless victims Steel mill town whole antiwar feeling again. Prose­ cuting Ellsberg would attract atten­ of white ruling-class "justice" in America, the selfsame rulers were Life in a mill town is hard at best. tion and give the antiwar group exposed, caught once again in their own cynical web of lies. The hos­ Life in a steel mill town like Gary, new momentum, new force. That tages had alt been killed by bullets-fired by troopers attempting to Ind., besides being hard, is never secure. would not be an asset for the Re­ retake the prison with naked force. publicans." · Responsibility for the unspeakable atrocity of the Attica prison mas­ Once again "the mills are down." Of the 27,000 people who normally Dole's astute observation took on sacre lies squarely on the shoulders of the highest government of­ worked in the huge Gary mills of greater significance when the Nixon . ficials from Nelson Rockefeiler on up to Richard Nixon himself. the U. S. Steel Corp. before the shut­ administration, acting through a like the Black ghetto rebellions, the Kent and Jackson State murders, down in anticipation of the Aug. 1 Los Angeles grand jury, did indict steel strike, only 8,000. were called Ells berg. the Mylai massacre, the revelations of the Pentagon papers, and sim­ An unprecedentedly large section ilar events of the last few years, the shock waves emanating from back after the settlement, leaving the remaining 19,000 workers on lay­ of Americans will be persuaded by Attica will reverberate for some time. Ellsberg's defense. And their anger off until, in the words of the mill at the government will intensify as owners, "new orders begin coming • it continues both its war and its .ly­ The common theme running through the statements of the Attica in." Those new orders may be a ing. It will express itself in the rebels, both written and spoken, was the assertion of their hu­ long time in coming~ because along with the slow rate of the econ­ streets this November, as hundreds manity. They were demanding their right to be treated like human of thousands of new antiwar ac­ beings, rejecting the category of despised non-hu..;,ans, to which they omy in general a great amount of steel was stockpiled for several tivists act out Senator Dele's pre­ had been relegated as "prisoners" and "inmates." months in advance of the expected diction. Robin Hunter c In asserting their humanity and demanding their rights, the Attica strike. rebels were expressing one of the most fundamental aspects of the The workers of Gary are again New York, N. Y. process of radicalization taking place in the United States today. They confronted with a situation of were proving once again· that there· is no sector of the population toe chronic unemployment. After 25 years, the monetary scheme devised Missed Linda Jenness downtrodden, too outcast, to stand up and fight, to lash out against at Bretton Woods has proven itself the oppression they suffer and assert their dignity as human beings. I caught it too late to hear Miss to be a complete failure and is in a Linda Jenness speak at Ft. Collins, Millions of young people, Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Chicanos, women and state of collapse. The capitalist coun­ Colo., in late August. I want to be others identified with that assertion of humanity and knew that the tries of the world are once again sure to be notified in time should Attica rebels were fighting for all of us. deeply engaged ·in trade wars. she speak again in this state. I have . The fate of the world hangs on And for millions of Americans who had not believed it or had not friends who rm sure would appre­ the ability of the workers of the wanted to believe. it before, the indescribable inhumanity of the as­ ciate hearing her. Would also appre­ world to prevent the capitalists from ciate hearing the SWP vice-presiden­ sault on the Attica rebels opened their eyes to the reality of who are engaging in military actlon in order tial candidate, should he speak in the criminals, the murderers in this society. to secure their markets. TBe only this vicinity. · • force powerful enough to do that is Our Constitution was minus one Pious liberals, reacting to the ruthless butchering of the Attica rebels, a gig~ntic, massive antiwar move­ word when it was written. It spec­ ment. It is now. more important than ifies "Of, For and By the People." decry the violence while proclaiming the justness of most of the pris­ ever that we all· go out and help oners' demands-then quickly add, as did the Sept. 15 New York Times, It should have specified "Of, For build a mighty antiwar movement and By all the Peopltf-not just by "It was the prisoners' intransigence when confrc;mted with a final ap­ now! a few outlaws. Power to all the peo- . peal 'to achieve a peaceful resolution of the situation' that left the Ray Geroais ple, for peace in this old world. prison strewn with the dead." New York, N. Y. J.B. With equal truth, the Times might claim that slaves brought mas­ Greeley, Colo. sacres on themselves by rebelling against their slave masters. Summer of '42 When the rrfass of humanity begins to take its destiny into its own In my review of the film Summer Irish Republican oHice hands, the only relevant question is, "Which side are you on?"· of '42, which appeared in the Sept. New York State "Correction" Commissioner Russell G. Oswald told 3 Militant, an error was introduced The Irish Republican Clubs, U. S. A. and Canada, wish to announce the reporters-while the massacre was taking place within the prison­ during the editing process which has the effect of rather thoroughly alter· opening of a national headquarters "Armed rebellion of this type we have ·facecl threatens the destruction at 37-76 64th Street, Woodside, N.Y. of our free society. We cannot permit that destruction to happen." ing my evaluation of the rum. The sentence containing the error The Irish Republican Clubs are chartered to support the Official It is true that the rebellion at Attica shook the very foundations of reads, "it is the conllict between sex­ IRA and Sinn Fein. Our office will this inhuman capitalist society, just as slave rebellions threatened the ual objectification· and the human also serve as a National Irish Re­ very foundations of a society built on slavery. But with every day that. warmth expressed through sexual · tenderness that gives this film what­ publican Information Bureau and a passes, more and more Americans are coming to the conclusion that National Irish Refugee Relief Center. if the prison of Attica is a foundation of our society as the Rockefellers ever quality it possesses." The por­ tion I have italicized read in my We wish to thank the people of the and Nixons rightly proclaim, then the society that rests on Attica, Sole­ original version: "its quality of Woodside area whose generous do­ dad and San Quentin should go up in flames along with those insti­ depth and profundity." nations of clothes have already tutions. Summer of '42 deserves this made it possible for us to send a praise in my opinion. It depicts se­ large shipment to Ireland. Attica is indeed a pillar of the corrupt, brutal, dehumanizing society We would also like to thank all in which we live, and the human beings incarc:erated there are simply riously and penetratingly the sexual misery of adolescence. It is a pro­ those who have donated money to the victims of that society. The prisons of any society In its death agony found, deep and moving rum of our Prisoners Fund. All contribu­ tions have been sent to the Irish Re­ are similar, and history has proven over and over that in times of great quality. soci.al ferment and radicalization, the masses of people become In­ Arthur Maglin publican Prisoners Defense and Aid Fund, 30 Gardiner Place, Dublin. creasingly aware of that fact. One of the first and most far-reaching New York, N.Y. Anyone wishing to contribu~ · to this acts of every revolution is the "storming of the Bastille." fund may send donations to us at Despite the gruesome price the brothers of Attica paid in standing out new office address in Woodside. up for their own identity as human beings, they struck a blow for all Mary Cotter, Irish Republican Clubs, of humanity. U. S. A. and Canada, Sean Kenny, Irish Republican Army

6 The Great .Society The Botulism Twins?-William Good­ possessions, or in the countries of ori­ show those Germans a trick or two. Sex discrimination fight rich retired as general counsel to the gin of the offending flags as well. Food and Drug Administration and As you may know, the University For openers, smaller pay envelopes? of Pittsburgh has been under inves­ became president of a food industry Time to count his blessings- George -"If we want more of the quality of tigation by the Department of group, the Institute of Shortenings and Baker, 30, a California truck driver, life, we're going to have to demand Health, Education, and Welfare for Edible Oils. The next day, Goodrich's was brought into court for ignoring less," says former interior secretary charges of sex discrimination filed FDA job was filled by Peter Hutt, four jury-duty summons. He report­ Stewart Udall. "My advice to you," by the University. Committee for former counsel to the shortening as­ edly explained he didn't believe in he told one graduating class, "is to Women's Rights. Over one year has sociatioiL Both men assured that the jury duty or "any other American think small and stay small." passed since HEW's "review" began, exchange of hats was purely coinci­ institution." The judge advised him to during which time we have had dental. thank God he wasn't in Roosha, many cases reported of women be­ where he might well be sent to the Moderate radical- On the eve of a ing forced out, not hired, threat­ Most unheard of thing he ever heard salt mines for such an offense. Baker visit to the U.S., Japanese Prince Hi­ ened, or fired. We cannot believe of- Arthur Okun, a chief economic explained he didn't believe in God. tachi said the efforts of young people that it is a coincidence that all of adviser to LBJ, advised Congress that The judge gave him 30 days. to get back to nature was a our officers and spokespersons from any attempt to limit profits would only good thing. "But," he added, "when last year, and more from this year, encourage expense padding and per­ Funniest story of tbe week-William they band together in street demon­ are no longer, or soon will not be, haps even downright cheating, Be­ Ruckelshaus, federal environmental strations, that's going too far." in the university community. sides, he added, it's not a good idea protection administrator, confided to It is clear that the situation at to begin with. He was dismayed that reporters that the secretary of com­ Thought for the week-"One may ask Pitt is critical for women all over some labor officials even broached merce and other officials feel that he's if the disappearance of odor from the the country. Because of HEW's bi­ the idea. "Why such measures should going too fast and being too strict human species isn't related to sexual ased and ineffective procedures, ev~ have the slightest appeal to Ameri­ in cracking down on air and water repression to the extent that the sense ery university currently or possibly can workers is simply beyond my polluters. of smell is vanishing as an erotic and undergoing investigation for sex dis­ com prehension," he said. pleasure vehicle. Body hygiene is a crimination will be permitted to Un-German activities- The West Ger­ human advance, but its exaggeration maintain the status quo if we do Unflagging zeal- The American Le­ man spy agency reports that the East may be creating a model of individual not take serious legal action imme- gion convention asked Congress to German spy agency has a new recruit­ who is clean, odorless, innocuous and . diately. make it a crime to fly the flag of any ing gimmick-low-interest loans. West quick to adapt to the establishment." An AP wire release has already country or revolutionary group hos­ German government employees who -Argentine sociologist Ana Maria Fu­ circulated around the country which entes, responding to Agentinians who states that although HEW has the tile to the U.S. We haven't seen the seem unsuited to go out in the cold sniff at the French for a reportedly power to withhold federal funds text of the resolution, so we're not have their loan applications rejected. low consumption of deodorants. from universities which discriminate, certain if this would apply merely with­ Now if the CIA could work out a deal that department seldom, if ever, in the borders of the U. S. and its with Household Finance, they could -HARRY RING does so. UCWR has retained legal counsel to continue the fight at whatever lev­ el necessary to stop Pitt and other institutions from denying all uni­ versity women (staff, students and faculty] their equality. We have an The National· Picket Line attorney who is charging us the least possible amount of money, but It has taken less than two weeks of the wage and "price" created that the union leadership can be brought to book she still estimates our costs at ap­ freeze imposed by the Nixon administration Aug. 15, by the membership ... it created mistrust of the union proximately $3,000. H UCWR can­ to prove every word in the Aug. 24 statement by Linda: and union leadership." not raise this amount, the conse­ Jenness, SWP presidential candidate. (See Sept. 3 Mllitant.) Vincent McDonnell, chairman of the N.Y. State Media­ quences for hundreds of thousands Nixon has extended the freeze of wages for 600,000 blue tion Board, offers a different and more accurate view. of women will be grave indeed. collar government workers beyond the 90-day period to He says the new militancy of the rank and file stems We're asking concerned persons July 1, 1972. from the general way of life which has been developing to donate $5 or $10, or more, if it This is more than a broad hint of the actions the presi­ during the past d~ade. "A good deal of it started in· the is at all possible. Without enough dent and his class intend to take after the Nov. 13 wage­ civil rights movement, then expanded to the schools, and money, the fight for equality be­ freeze deadline has passed. now it's expanded into the labor unions.... " tween the sexes will be set back Significantly, on Sept. 3 the Department of Labor an­ Solutions offered by all these "experts," however, al­ many years. nounced the increase in the wholesale price index for most all go in the direction of more stringent laws gov­ Judy Kapsa[, President August at 0. 7 percent, the highest rise in six months. erning unions and proposed contracts as well as the right UCWR Legal Defense Fund So far, Nixon has not been able to get a favorable to strike. 374 Meyran Ave. response to his plea to striking unions to call off their McDonnell says, "There should be a law requiring union Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 walkouts. The West Coast longshoremen and the New leadership to settle a contract without membership rati­ York State communications workers, involved in the big­ fication, and if the members don't like the results they gest strikes at present, have rejected his plea. can vote the leaders out of office." Woodhull and Douglass Julius Manson, former executive director of the N.Y. In 1872, the Equal Rights Party A broad clue to Nixon's plans appeared as long ago as State Mediation Board, suggests that "one possible solu­ nominated Victoria Woodhull, an last June when The Nation published an article entitled tion would be to develop 'restraints' ... where it would outstanding feminist, and Frederick "Labor's New Blood-the Insubordinate Rank and File." be made plain that rejected contracts simply won't be Douglass, a leader of the Black lib­ The article, by Sander M. Polster, views with .alarm the changed.... There is another way to handle it, to have eration struggle, for the presidency growing percentage of "good" contracts negotiated by acceptance of a proposal by a majority vote, but nQ strike and vice-presidency. Good luck to top labor bureaucrats and recommended by them for ac­ action can occur wHhout a three-quarter vote." (Empha­ Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley ceptance, which have been rejected by the memberships sis added.) in their 1972 campaign! affected. The trend started in 1964 with 8. 7 percent of Howard Kheel, also from the N.Y. State Mediation George Dolph · such agreements rejected and rose to 11.2 percent for Board and also an active participant in many national Denver, Colo. the frrst six months of 1971. contract negotiations, does not look to any form of man­ All of the "labor experts" (mediators and arbitrators) dated action. He has another solution. agree that one of the basic problems faced by the top "I don't see the rank and file changing, but I do see Interested leadership of the organized labor movement is the chang­ the professionalism of leadership changing. Every action From the Fifth of June Society .in ing composition of the labor unions. Today's member­ must have a reaction. You have to teach the rank and file Beirut I got a reprint from the in­ ship is young. Fifty percent of the 20 million union mem­ the importance of following, and teach the leadership the terview The Militant had with Arie bers are 30 years old or younger. And half of these are importance of leading. The solution of the problem is Bober in May and July of 1970. I in their early 20s. · development of leadershJp that will be followed. You just thought they were very good articles, These young men and women are far more interested don't legislate leadership." and I am very interested in The in their pay checks, which are to be used today, than they Kheel is not talking about the same kind of leader­ Militant. I want to ask you to tell are in the many fringe benefit gimmicks which the bu­ ship we are when we call for a congress of labor to fight me the subscription rate and to reaucracy used to be able to sell to its memberships. To Nixon's entire "new economic policy" as well as his for­ send me a sample copy. a young worker, a pension appears very remote. eign policy. AS. There is a growing tendency for these workers to tell When the second and third year raises already a part Rotterdam, Netherlands their leaders, "Go back and shake the tree some more." of union contracts fall due and are not forthcoming, the The "experts" are joined by the labor bureaucracy reported "satisfaction" with -Mr. Nixon's edict freezing in blaming the Landrum-Griffin Act for this new inde­ wages will, we hope, take a sudden shift and Tricky Dicky The letters column is an open forum pendence of the rank and file. They claim that this es­ and his class will see some militancy they never dreamed for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ entially antilabor act is "undermining the leadership con­ possible. ~ral interest to our readers. Please trol of the rank and file .... The impression (has been) -MARVEL SCHOLL keep your letters brief. Where neces­ sary they· will be abridged. Please hi­ dicate if your name may be used or if you prefer that your initials be used instead.

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 7 warri about

Photo by Kent Gorrett/liberotor By LEE SMITH ed.) Thus, the question of the short­ solved by discussions in which officers the United States Army than was the "The military forces of the United ages cannot really be separated from and the men or units refusing an order case of Lt. W. L. Calley." Indeed, the States," says a former commander of the antiwar sentiment at the root of ~gree on some alternative plan. This picture that emerges from an article the 82nd Airborne Division and the the "morale crisis." practice is widespread today, having on Herbert by James T. Wooten in Eighth Army, "face a disciplinary sit­ A high percentage of the men in begun in Vietnam where it continues. the Sept. 5 Sunday New York Times uation which, if not already critical, below-strength divisions outside of There, officers who don't go along Magazine and an earlier article in is at least one of rapidly growing Vietnam are short-timers- Vietnam with the practice risk being "fragged," the July 9 Life magazine by Donald proportions. Should senior comman­ combat veterans who have less than that is, having fragmentation bombs Jackson is one that damns the gov­ ders not be able to reverse the trend six months to serve before discharge. thrown at them by their own men. ernment with a peculiar force. What toward indiscipline, this country will, The Fourth Mechanized Division at The number of actual or possible makes the case of Col. Herbert es­ not long from now, lose its status as Ft Carson, Colo., for example, op­ fraggings has risen from 126 in 1969 pecially powerful is that the man vir­ the world's first power and stand al­ erates today with 11,000 men-6,000 to 271 in 1970, "and this year it prob­ tually embodies the imperialists' pro­ most helpless against those who would men below its authorized strength­ ably will exceed 425," Ayres writes. paganda ideal. Having risen from the humble it or destroy it." and half of them are short-timers. Reenlistment among volunteers has ranks after being chosen the Army's Retired General Hamilton H. Howze "The Army says that short-timers dropped off to a current figure of most decorated enlisted man in the was quoted as saying the above in a seldom acquire any sense of belong­ one man in five from one in four Korean war, Col. Herbert is a kind long article by B. Drummond Ayres ing to the Fourth," Ayres writes in before the escalation of the Vietnam of flesh-and-blood recruiting poster, Jr. in the Sept 5 New York Times. his Sept 13 article. "Many have been war in 1965. Among draftees, reenlist­ a real-life version of Karl Malden's Ayres' account of the "morale crisis" embittered by Vietnam and the d~;aft ment has dropped from 10 percent Omar Bradley in Hollywood's Patton. in the armed forces makes clear that and are willing to soldier only enoll.gh to less than 5 percent in the same Herbert evidently maintained an in­ the top brass view the breakdown of to get by until their discharge arrives." period. Among ROTC graduates, the genuous trust in the humanitarian mo­ military discipline as an extremely ser­ Veterans of Vietnam are undoubt­ reenlistment figure has dropped from tives of the United States in Vietnam. ious problem. The predominate view edly especially bitter, but Ayres' Sept one in three in 1961 to one in five Thus, when he took command of a in the Pentagon seems to be that the 5 article reveals that they are far from today, and the number of college stu­ battalion there in 1969, he was gen­ military power of U. S. imperialism being the only Gls whose morale has dents who enroll in ROTC programs uinely horrified to find atrocities be­ has already been significantly under­ gone downhill because of the war. has dropped from 165,000 to 74,000 ing committed. When this happened in the same 10 years. The number of mined by a process it doesn't know Some of the statistics reported by in his own command, he stopped it U.S. Military Academy graduates who how to stop. Ayres help to explain the distress the or, when he was too late, punished fail to reenlist after five years has While top officials remain cautious brass hats are feeling. Over the last the offenders. When he saw it outside about openly expressing such views, 12 months, 177 out of every 1,000 nearly doubled since 1961-from 15 percent to 28 percent his own jurisdiction, he reported it to Ayres reports, "Privately, the talk is Gls have gone AWOL more than once. his superiors and pressed for an in­ much more candid. A brigadier gen­ The figure for men who stayed away Against all of these statistics- and others, including a sharp rise in drug vestigation. His persistence led his su­ eral in the Pentagon waits until an long enough to qualify as deserters periors, Barnes and Franklin, to vil­ (one month) was 74 out of every addiction- the optimism of Pentagon aide has left his office, then leans for­ ify him in a report and relieve him 1,000 for the same 12 months. Con­ Pollyannas is unconvincing. "We've ward and says: of his command in April 1969. That "'Okay, let's face it. We have units to­ trasted with the rates for 1966, when touched bottom with the troublemakers led him to file formal charges that day that simply are not fit to go if 57 of every 1,000 Gls went AWOL and are heading up," Fourth Division and 15 out of every 1,000 deserted, commander Maj. Gen. John Bennett these men were covering up atrocities., the balloon goes up. . . . ' " and the filing of charges has led to Another article by Ayres in the $ept the current rates are three and four told Ayres. But no real evidence exists headlines. 13 New York Times further backs times higher. that relaxed discipline, beer machines, Disillusioned and angry, he told up the contention of this brigadier better hours, and improved barracks Donald Jackson, "This stuff [atrocities) general, reporting that "at least nine Black Gls have done anything to halt the trend of the 11 divisions on active duty Black G Is are not only among the apparent in the above statistics. would stop if we'd hang a couple of senior commanders.... If you don't outside Southeast Asia are incapable strongest opponents of the war, but Ayres observes that the "troublemak­ of waging immediate, full-scale they increasingly manifest a deepening ers" are "primarily draftees ... and tell a soldier what's right, then he war.... " The unpreparedness "stems nationalist consciousness in Black sol­ draft-motivated volunteers." Since these thinks whatever is tacitly condonEld mainly from shortages in manpower idarity and in heightened, often orga­ categories account for 80 percent of is what you want, and that's what and training," Ayres writes, but "mo­ nized, resistance against racism in the the Army's front-line strength and take he does. It's not brave to be cruel." rale and disciplinary problems caused army~ Ayres and the brass refer to in noncoms and junior officers, the He told Wooten he just didn't under­ by the unpopularity of the war and this phenomenon as "racial tensions" brass has no reason to be reassured stand why he was being drummed the draft have aggravated the situa­ and "polarized" relations between by this observation. Moreover, not out, then he corrected himself: "Hell, tion. So, too, have race and drug Black and white Gls. No records are all of the "troublemakers" fall into the that's not true. I understand it, but problems." kept of "minor racial incidents," but majority categories of draftees and I just don't want to admit that I'm Actually, the manpower and train­ those which required "significant" po­ draft-motivated volunteers. being systematically screwed by the ing shortages themselves are also part­ lice action from September 1970 to Army. I don't want to admit that. ly consequences of the antiwar move­ August 1971 numbered.18, according Col. Anthony Herbert I chose the Army as the expression ment and antiwar sentiment, as Ayres to Ayres. This was 10 more than dur­ One "troublemaker" who clearly falls of my life. I gave to it, took from it, implicitly admits: "The deterioration ing the previous 12 months. outside these categories is Lt. Col. believed in it. Now this." in readiness began about five years "Court-martial convictions for insub­ Anthony B. Herbert, who last spring ago when the Johnson administration, ordination, mutiny, and refusals to formally charged Maj. Gen. John The colonel is far from a typical taking politics and economics into con­ obey orders climbed from 230 in 1968 Barnes and Lt. Col. J. Ross Frank­ antiwar G I, of course. But his exper­ sideration, decided to expand the Viet­ to 294 in 1969 to 331 last year," lin with covering up war crimes com­ ience has obviously shaken the be­ nam fighting force without calling up Ayres reports. "This year, convictions mitted under their command in Viet­ liefs he hewed to for so long. He con­ the inactive reserves and without huge may exceed 450." However, as the nam. cluded his interview with Jackson by draft levies. . . . because of continuing Times reporter is quick to point out, In a Sept. 10 editorial, the Wall saying: "If it [the war] doesn't stop, political and economic pressures, "No statistics are kept on the less ser­ Street Journal observed, "In many they'll eventually all be exterminated. many of the men coming back have ious incidents, which occur almost ways, the case of Lt. Col. Anthony We're telling those people that our been discharged rather than sent to daily in many units." B. Herbert is a more damaging re­ way is the right way of living. If we units short of troops." (Emphasis add- These "less serious incidents" are flection on the present leadership of torture- what's right?"

8 National support for Nov. 6 keeps growing By LEE SMITH , Rayburn Stephens, president of the conference, also signers of the state- in Minneapolis, the City Council SEPT. 14- In the atmosphere created American Federation of Teachers Lo- ment, were Ian MacEwan, president passed a resolution endorsing Nov. 6 by Nixon's wage freeze and his re­ cal 1565; Ralph Worrell, Atlanta na- of UAW Local 420; Richard Niebur, and declaring it Peace Action Day in newed military offensive in Indochina, tional representative of the National general vice-president of the United Minneapolis. The resolution, put for- support continues to grow for the Council of Distributive Workers; Tony Electrical Workers union; Sam Pol- ward by Alderman Louis DeMars mass antiwar marches scheduled to Zivalich, Atlanta director of the Alli- lock, president of Amalgamated Meat from the predominantly student Fifth take place in 16 cities Nov. 6. The ance for Labor Action; Herb Green, Cutters Local 427; and John Yates, Ward near the University of Minne- list of endorsers for Nov. 6 and for United Auto Workers international president of UAW Local1045. sota, passed overwhelmingly despite the build-up actions, including the Oct. representative for Southern Region 8, Yates told the news conference, "Now a red-baiting attack unleashed against 13 moratorium, is already impressive Community Action Program; and An- is the time for the local leaders and MPAC at the council meeting by with campuses in most parts of the nie Blaylock, president of AFSCME the rank-and-file to get involved, not Twelfth Ward Alderman Vern Ander- country just beginning fall classes. District Council 14. just to say that we are opposed, but son. Quoting J. Edgar Hoover's asser-, Speaking at the news conference, to demonstrate our feelings by becom- tiona that NPAC was "dominated" by The Student Mobilization Committee held in the ALA hall, were Tom ing a part of these legal, peaceful and the Socialist Workers Party and Young to End the War in Vietnam has pub­ Evans, an organizer for the ALA; orderly protests." Socialist Alliance, Anderson said, "I lished 100,000 copies of a special issue Joyce Brown of AFSCME; Cliff Con- cannot support an action or resolution of The Student Mobilizer that focuses ner, AFT Local 1565 Executive Los Angeles that has as its main supporter the on the war as the cause of the freeze Board; and Kitty Cone, director of Speaking at a news conference of Minnesota Peace Action Coalition." De- and urges students to build antiwar Atlanta PAC. the Out Now Coalition's Labor Task Mars countered the red-baiting, stat- activities on the campuses the week All of the speakers declared support Force at the L.A. Press Club Sept. ing, "I am happy to be part of this preceding the Nov. 6 actions. Bundles for Nov. 6. Evans said, "There is no 9, NPAC coordinator and Teamster action against the war and in support of these Mobilizers have been mailed way in the world to check the price organizer John T. Williams said, "We of a single-issue antiwar organization to local SMC chapters across the coun­ of a can of beans, but every employer as trade unionists must make our de- which has socialists in it." try where they are being distributed is all too glad to freeze wages." mands clear- Out Now/-whenever The resolution then passed by a to students as they arrive on campus. necessary in order to enforce and vote of 11 to two. A National Peace Action Coalition The news conference received good maintain our negotiated gains. . . . A similar resolution for the April Steering Committee meeting is sched­ coverage, including broadcasts on five The war has created burdens upon 24 demonstration in Washington, uled for Sept. 18 at the Eugene V. radio stations and two TV news pro­ us which we cannot negotiate in our D. C., won support from only one al- Debs Hall of Local 1199, Drug and grams. The evening news on WQXI, contracts." derman and failed to be brought to the council floor last spring. Philadelphia Signers of the NPAC trade-union statement in Philadelphia include Da­ vid Neifeld, president of Retail Clerks Local 415, and Wendell Young, presi­ dent of Retail Clerks Local 1357. Neifeld appeared at a Sept. 9 news conference with local PAC coordinator Diana Tasciotti. Neifeld said, "Labor cannot live with wage controls that freeze poverty into the system." Tas­ ciotti said, "To check inflation, we must end the war in Vietnam." Both speak­ ers urged large-scale participation by working people in the Nov. 6 actions. San Francisco The Bay Area Concerned Military held a news conference in San Fran­ cisco Sept. 10, announcing plans for a Military Rights and Antiwar Con­ vention to be hosted by BACOM Oct. 23. Speakers at the conference were Navy' Lt. (JG) Gordon Piland from the Mare Island Naval Station, army veteran Paul Hansen and Pvt. Ed

Workers join students in May 1970 antiwar protest. SMCs this fall will organize Photo by Howard Petrick The following resolution was adopt­ reach-out for larger-than-ever labor participation Nov. 6. ed Sept. 10 by the Minneapolis City Council: Hospital Union, in New York City. Atlanta's major TV station, opened Minneapolis with a statement by Nixon and was On the agenda of the meeting is a Reporters from the four major TV Whereas numerous distinguished panel of prominent trade unionists dis­ followed by the news conference, intro­ stations and from radio stations and cussing the freeze and the war, in­ duced by the commentator as "Atlanta citizens and various church, aca­ newspapers attended the Minnesota demic and labor organizations cluding Sam Meyers, president of labor's answer to the freeze." PAC Labor Task Force's Sept. 9 news UAW Local 259; David Livingston, The broadcast carried Cone's state­ conference in Minneapolis. throughout JS ma;or cities within president of District 65, Distributive ment that Nov. 6 in Atlanta "will be Spearers at the conference were these United States and acting in Workers; Henry Foner, Joint Board, the biggest antiwar action the South • MPAC Labor Task Force Coordinator concert with similar peaceful as­ Fur, Leather and Machine Workers; has ever seen." Bill Peterson, a member of the United semblages throughout Canada and John T. Williams, International Broth­ Transportation Union; Joe Miller, Europe/ And whereas the citizens erhood of Teamsters; Hilton Hanna, Cleveland field representative for UE Local international president's assistant, At a Sept. 9 news conference in the of this city and state have evinced 1139; and Elvis Swan, international a deep desire that there be an Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Cleveland hall of the Amalgamated representative of the Retail, Wholesale, Butcher Workmen; and others. Meat Cutters union, four officials rep­ and Department Store Union. end to the war in Vietnam and an Also on the agenda of the NPAC resenting 18,000 workers made state­ end to the killing/ And whereas Steering Committee meeting is a report ments urging trade unionists to march such strivings for peace coincide by NPAC Coordinator James Lafferty on Nov. 6 and announced the names Swan told the reporters: "The wage with the deep, aspiration of the on his recent trip to the Democratic of Cleveland area signers of the NPAC freeze is a real gimmick to better the Republic of Vietnam. Discussion at the trade-union statement. rich. There is no freeze on profits, people of our city/ Therefore be meeting was scheduled to center on Among the signers were Holmes stocks or bonds. To fight the freeze it resolved that Nov. 6 be des­ progress toward building the Nov. 6 Bowden, secretary of the Lake County effectively, we must end the war in ignated as Peace Action Day in actions in the different areas. AFL-CIO; Donald H. Coleman, UAW Southeast Asia now!" our city and that where possible, Below is a partial roundup of anti­ Local 756; Joe DiNunzio, UAW Local The statement read by Miller said, our citizens and their representa­ war activity in various parts of the 311; Leo Fenster, secretary of the in part, "The labor movement and tives participate in the peace as­ country. Cleveland District Auto Council; Co­ millions of its members have no choice lumbus Henry, UAW Local296; Mike but to mount a united struggle to de­ semblies on that day. Atlanta Horvarth, UAW Local843; Raymond feat this attack that the president and Atlanta PAC sponsored a news con­ T. Lamont, Local36-124 of the Bind­ the corporations have unleashed on ference Sept. 9 to announce local sup­ ery Workers union; John Osters, presi­ them." He continued, "Only a complete Jurenas from the Presidio military port for the NPAC trade-union state­ dent of the Lake County AFL-CIO; end to the war and a reshaping of our base. ment on the wage freeze and the war. Michael Pohorence, UAW Local 425; national priorities will end the infla­ Jurenas said the Oct. 23 convention Signers of the statement in Atlanta Auda Romine, Meat Cutters Executive tionary spiral. The United Electrical, would "bring together servicemen from included Roy Williams, secretary­ Board; Dorothy Sain, Cleveland Radio and Machine Workers of Amer­ around the world to discuss our com­ treasurer and business representative Newspaper Guild; Frank Tate, mana­ ica urge all of organized labor to mon interests and opposition to the of Amalgamated Meat Cutters Local ger of the Cleveland Joint Textile take part in this fall's demonstrations war." He continued, "Two weeks later, 442; Claude Holt, president of the Board; and Tony Zone, UAW Local against the war, sponsored by the on Nov. 6, we expect to see the most American Federation of State, County 1112. National Peace Action Coalition." massive turnout of active-duty service­ and Municipal Employees Local1644; The four representatives at the news In another important development men in any antiwar protest to date."

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 9 in Georgia politics. Three former gov­ just don't put up with any crap com­ a big deal out of it. But it is pre­ ernors-Maddox, Sanders, and Van­ ing down." Even the newer, younger cis.ely because George Jackson was diver- as well as inc,umbent Senator guards have been affected, and tend no ordinary Black man .to the Black David Gambrell, State Treasurer Bill to leave the prisoners alone much community, but was a spokesman for Atlanta Burson, Labor Commissioner Cald­ more. Lostis said that political interest that community and for Black people well, and Congressmen Fletcher in the prison is very high, especially in prison- he wrote a book about it­ election Thompson and Bill Stuckey. Stuckey around election time. One thing which that his murder is so important to • is the millionaire owner of the Stuck­ really bothers the prisoners is their me. . . . " She added that the reports ey's roadside pecan franchises. loss of political rights, especially the by the authorities of Jackson's "escape" campa1gn All of her opponents, Conner point­ right to vote. were too contradictory to lead her ed out, have endorsed Nixon's wage A Black action group called ACT to any conclusion other than that he freeze, favor bonanzas for Lockheed exists at Norfolk to help prisoners was murdered. launcheCI Aircraft, and claim that the war for with legal battles, and to fight internal ByJOELABER them is a non-issue. prison grievances-the lousy food ATLANTA-Sept. 10 was a historic "As a candidate of the Socialist and the constant presence of roaches day for revolutionary-socialist politics Workers Party," Conner said, "I would and other vermin were high on the approach the problems of war-spend­ in the Southeast. The Georgia Socialist list. ACT also .conducts classes, runs ing and unemployment from the oppo­ Workers Party announced its candi­ a Black library, and can invite out­ Houston site direction. First, my election pro­ dates for the 1972 election; and Linda side speakers. Lostis said he had Jenness, SWP candidate for president, gram calls for a 100 percent tax on . war profits! That means that Lock­ heard of The Militant and knew a spoke at a banquet and rally that number of inmates who would like to SWP marked the launching of a socialist heed's profits would be taxed 100 per­ cent-that Lockheed's owners would receive it. He was enthusiastic about presidential campaign in the tradition the possibility of Black and socialist of Eugene V. Debs, who ran for presi­ receive exactly zero profit from war opens new speakers coming to address the in­ dent from Atlanta Federal Penitentiary production. mates. in 1920. The news that Linda Jenness is the Preceding the banquet, virtually all SWP candidate for president was es­ offices the major news media here attended pecially welcomed by the radical By ANNE SPRINGER a news conference at which Alice Con­ movement and the news media in HOUSTON- The Socialist Workers ner, who has been a spokeswoman Georgia. Her campaigns for mayor L.A. news Campaign Committee hosted a grand for the Georgia Coalition for the Re­ of Atlanta in 1969 ~nd governor of opening of the new Houston SWP cam­ peal of Abortion Laws and an antiwar Georgia in 1970 have made her name paign headquarters and Pathfinder activist, announced her socialist cam­ a household word in Georgia. Follow­ conference Bookstore here Sept. 11. More than paign for U. S. Senate from Georgia, ing announcement of her candidacy 60 campaign supporters attended the and Frank Grinnon, a leader of the last month, WAGA-TV, the CBS affll­ celebration. They heard speeches by Atlanta antiwar movement, announced iate in Atlanta, reported, "Our favorite for Linda SWP mayoral candidate Debby Leon­ his candidacy for Congress· from At­ rebel is at it again." ard and City Council candidates Paul lanta's Fifth Distric.t. McKnight and Jeannette Tracy. Jenness told the news media that Jenness In addition, Manuel "Tank" Barrera, she plans to get on the ballot in every By LAURA MOORHEAD a 19-year-old student at the University state of the South. SWP LOS ANGELES-At a news confer­ of Houston, announced his candidacy Since the Black Panthers last week ence here Sept. 9, SWP presidential for School Board. Barrera plans to stated their intention to move their candidate Linda Jenness attacked file a suit challenging the present re­ national office to Atlanta, all the ma­ candidate President Nixon's wage freeze, the war quirement that School Board candi­ jor political figures in the city have in Vietnam, and the murder of George dates be at least 21 years old. "I am been trying to outdo each other in their Jackson. The conference was attended running as a youth candidate and condemnations of the Panthers. Grin­ visits by the Los Angeles Times, KME T as a nationalist," he stated. "As a con­ non was asked by WSB-TV what he • radio, and Channel 5 television. sistent nationalist, I am running on thinks of the Panthers' intended move. Jenness said that "Nixon's wage a socialist ticket." He replied, "We welcome them to At­ pr1son freeze is a direct assault on the work­ A few weeks earlier, supporters of lanta and hope they'll join us in build- By BOB GAHTAN ing conditions and rights of the work­ the Socialist Workers Party campaign NORFOLK, Mass. -"H I had my ing people.... " She said the fight sponsored a rally at the University of way, there would be no prisons." That against inflation had to begin with Houston for 18-year-old voters. About was the response of Anthony Lostis, an immediate end to the Vietnam war, 150 people heard the SWP candidates a 25-year-old Black inmate of Massa­ and she called on the "top leaders speak. chusetts Correctional Institute at N Jr­ of the union movement, along with The opening of a new campaign folk when asked about prison reform the rank and flle and their allies in headquarters marks an important step by John Powers, Socialist Workers the mass movements, to call a con­ forward in reasserting the right of the Party candidate for mayor of Boston. gress of lab or." Houston SWP to function from a pub­ Powers and several campaign sup­ When asked why she thought the lic headquarters. The previous cam­ porters visited Lostis at the prison killing of George Jackson was an in­ paign headquarters had been bombed Sept. 14. Lostis had written the cam­ dication of the oppression of Black on March 12 and machine-gunned on paign headquarters and invited Pow­ people in the United States, Jenness ers to visit the prison after seeing replied: "George Jackson should never The Sept. 3 Militant carried a spe" him on TV. In his letter, he stated, have been in prison in the first place. "I feel you are very capable to handle . . . He was sentenced to one year to cia/ four-page feature . on the the situation in the Black community. life on a charge of robbing a gas launching of the Socialist Workers . . . I know a lot of other inmates station of $70 which has never been Party 1972 presidential election who saw the program along with me proven. His imprisonment and mur­ campaign. Single copies of this ing the Nov. 6 antiwar demonstration who felt the same way." der show the injustice and brutality special supplement are free. It can as well as the Coalition for Repeal There are 800 prisoners at Norfolk, of this society.... " be ordered in quantity- 100 for of Abortion Laws." Grinnon charac­ which is considered a model prison, She was asked to respond to the $1.50; 500 for $6- from the So­ terized as "racist," liberal Atlanta May­ ·the most liberal in the state. Despite series' of articles in the L. A. Times or Sam Massell' s statement that the this, Lostis reported that the majority Sept. 4-5 on the recent National Or- cialist Workers Campaign, 706 Panthers are the same as the Ku Klux of its 300 Black inmates feel that they .. ganization for Women convention by Broadway, 8th floor, N.Y., 10003. Klan. In reply to Congressman Ben have been subject to arbitrary legal Arlene Van Breem. The articles re­ Tel. {212) 260-4150. Blackburn's open threat that "the De­ action and unduly harsh sentences. counted statements labeling the SWP Kalb County police will make the Pan­ Lostis said that about one-third of the and YSA as "predatory" and "divisive" May 14 by night-riding, right-wing thers feel unwelcome," Grinnon said, inmates were Vietnam veterans. Of in the women's movement. "Miss Van terrorists. (Two members of the Unit­ "We will defend the Panthers, and any­ these, perhaps one-half were in on Breem picked up some slanderous and ed Klans of America are under indict­ one else in the Black community, drug charges. The lightest sentence unsubstantiated 'statements made by ment for the bombing.) against police attacks." that he knew of was three to five years some NOW women at the conference In the wake of these attacks on the The banquet was held in the newly for possession of a single joint. Most and neglected to report that the over­ SWP, insurance companies in Houston constructed Georgia SWPheadquarters drug sentences were five to 10 years. whelming majority of NOW women refused to insure any building which at 68 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta. The new headquarters is only Inmates at Norfolk have relatively rejected the slander," Jenness said. the SWP used as a campaign head­ two blocks from Georgia State Univer­ easy access to the media, ·and have "None of the charges, such as the quarters. Although dozens of land­ sity, one block from the main city followed the revolt and massacre at SWP and YSA stealing money, mail­ lords were approached, none would bus terminus, and in the midst of the Attica very closely. Lostis remarked ing lists, and taking over organiza­ rent to the SWP. The fact that the SWP downtown shopping district that the events had "shaken up the tions, was ever backed up with any was finally .able to secure a headq uar­ In addition to the three candidates, guards a lot." facts. . . . The accusation that the ters in Houston was in itself a victory speakers at the banquet included nona Asked about the reaction to the mur­ SWP seeks to disrupt the women's for civil liberties in this city. Stanton, chairwoman of the Georgia der of George Jackson, he said that movement is a resort to smear tactics Debby Leonard announced plans to SWP, and Meg Rose of Young Social­ a large number of Black inmates had rather than a clear political discussion go to the office of Assistant District ists for Jenness and Pulley. put on red arm bands in mourning. on the different approaches of the two Attorney Neil McKay Sept. 13 to ini­ The highlights of the evening were Despite some harassment from white groups." tiate the process of securing peace the speeches by Linda Jenness and prisoners, they wore them until the Why was Jenness making such a bonds against specific Klan members Alice Conner. Jenness received a stand­ day of Jackson's funeral, when they big issue out of the death of George who have in the past been connected ing ovation after a hard-hitting speech held their own memorial service. Jackson by calling for an independent with right-wing terrorism in Houston. explaining that all the capitalist poli­ Lostis, who says that he has "been investigation by the Black community, With a peace bond in effect, these incU­ ticians, without exception, are attempt­ in and out of trouble since I was 11," including ex-prisoners and Black in­ viduals could be arrested if they en­ ing to make the working people pay feels that things are changing in pris­ mates of San Quentin, one reporter tered or in any way harmed the new for. the Vietnam war with the wage ons. "Ever since about 1968, there is asked. "George Jackson was no ordi­ headquarters. "We want to make it freeze, unemployment and inflation. a new breed of prisoner coming in, nary Black man," Jenness explained. clear that we are not going to permit Alice Conner is running for the Sen­ who is just not going to put up with "Ordinary Black men are killed every any more harassment or intimidation ate seat against most of the big names being treated like an animal. They day, and this society doesn't make from these hooligans," Leonard stated.

10 Pulley blasts RaEkefeller S.F.SWP launches mayoral far AlliED SSDEre; Ia - . campa1gn By SANDY PECK SAN FRANCISCO- The Socialist tour U.S. bases in Eurap Workers Party launched its municipal election campaign in San Francisco By LAURA MILLER years of his life in prison under California's indetermi­ Sept. 8 with a rally attended by more NEW YORK-Andrew Pulley, Socialist Workers Party nate sentencing law for allegedly stealing $70. Yet poli­ than 130 people. candidate for vice-president, blasted New York Governor ticians who have stolen millions of dollars run around Nat Weinstein, mayoralty candidate Nelson Rockefeller and politicians of both the Democratic scot-free! Who can deny that it was because he was Black and long-time trade unionist, said he and Republican parties for the massacre of thirty-tWo that George Jackson was incarcerated? felt honored to run as the candidate inmates of the Attica -prison, af a news conference called The politicians responsible for the Attica deaths are of the Socialist Workers Party because to announce a fact-finding mission to Europe. also responsible for the detention of Angela Davis. The of the record of the party in respond­ The European tour, scheduled from September 14 to fate of Angela Davis is one more proof that this society ing to every revolutionary situation September 25, will take Pulley to U.S. Army bases all is incapable of justice to Afro-Americans. Lt. Calley, a that has arisen in the past. "The SWP over West Germany to investigate charges of harassment convicted mass murderer, is under house arrest in his has taken the issues of the most op­ and discrimination against Black G Is. Pulley, who made apartment, while Angela Davis, who has been convicted pressed, denigrated sectors of the pop­ national headlines in 1969 as one of the Ft. Jackson of no crime, is denied bail! ulation-taken their aspirations, and Eight, court-martialed for their antiwar activities, will Black Panthers and others fighting for Black liberation made them its own." be accompanied on the tour by Joe Miles, presently a are gunned down and jailed on frame-up charges, while The San Francisco campaign is candidate for Cambridge City Council on the SWP ticket. the criminals responsible go free. Edward Hanrahan, fielding a . full slate of candidates for Miles is also an ex-antiwar GI who helped found Gis Mayor Daley's handpicked lieutenant, who personally or­ the Board of Supervisors (city coun­ United Against the War at Ft. Jackson and Ft. Bragg. dered the murder of Black Panthers Fred Hampton and cil) election. Six positions are open. Both candidates are also scheduled to make brief tours Mark Clark in Chicago, continues to serve as Cook Coun­ The SWP candidates are: Laura Dertz, of Northerti Ireland and France, to investigate political ty state's attorney, even though a grand jury has finally Jeff Berchenko, Jane Sica, Milton Chee, developments in those countries. indicted him for conspiring to obstruct justice. Bonnie Sheppard, and Mark Schneid­ When questioned about the SWP campaignrs position I myself have been before the capitalist courts and have er. These candidates are all activists on the Attica prison revolt, Pulley gave full support to in the antiwar and women's liberation the demand for amnesty for the Attica prisoners. He told movements. the press: One important aspect of the cam­ "The blood of Attica's victims is on the hands of Gov­ paign will be_involving newly enfran­ ernor Rockefeller, and every other politician of the Demo­ chised 18-20-year-old voters. Three of cratic and Republican parties. It is these politicians who the Board of Supervisors candidates are responsible for maintaining a prison system which are under 21. is based on human degradation, on racial oppression, Part of the campaign will be winning and on violence." support not only for the 1971 munic­ At the news conference, Pulley, a member of the Young ipal election but also for the SWP Socialist Alliance's National Committee, released copies presidential and vice-presidential cam­ of a letter sent to the national office of the YSA by a paign in 1972. This rally marked the prisoner currently confined in the Attica prison. In the beginning of the 1972 SWP campaign letter, which Pulley cited as an example of the increasing in San Francisco with Linda Jenness radicalization of young victims of the U. S. prison system, as the keynote speaker. the Attica prisoner describes his growing interest in revo­ The SWP candidates are the only lutionary politics and requests socialist literature. ones to condemn the wage freeze and B. R. Washington, SWP candidate for Congress from the only ones to put the blame for New York's 18th Congressional District, was also present the severe inflation where it belongs at the news conference and made a statement about the -on the war and not on the working Attica prison massacre: class. Jenness spoke about the wage "Governor Rockefeller stands guilty of murder. He re­ freeze and the antiwar movement. fused to grant amnesty to the prisoners and then gave "This fall antiwar action gives the anti­ the go-ahead for the massacre.... Once again, the vic­ war movement the chance to become tim is made to seem the criminal. The real criminals allies of labor, Blacks, Chicanos, are those like Rockefeller who control and uphold the gays, women, poor people, welfare racist legal and penal system. The victims are the Black mothers, in a united struggle to stop and Puerto Rican communities." the war," she said. "The antiwar move­ ment has to inscribe on its banners the slogan 'Freeze the War-Not The following statement was made by Andrew Pulley, Wages!' And the poster that was put Socialist Workers Party candidate for vice-president, at out for April 24 with the slogan 'No a news conference in New York Sept. 14. Photo by Mork Sotinolf Vietnamese Ever Froze My Wages' is Andrew Pulley addressing Sept. 11 campaign rally certainly more opportune now than The murderous assault on the prisoners of the Attica in New York. ever before." prison, resulting in numerous deaths, is a crime that Jenness also stated that, "One of the will be recorded as one of the most calculated and bar­ been forced behind bars. While in high school, I was most politically backward aspects of baric massacres in the history of this country. The blood arrested and charged with "inciting to riot" for pa.rtici­ this society is that Black people vote of Attica's victims is on the hands of Governor Rocke­ pating in a high school protest of the gunning down of for a racist party, women vote for a feller and every other politician of the Democratic and Martin Luther King, Jr. sexist party, and workers vote for Republican parties. It is these politicians who are respon­ I was given the choice of going to jail or going into a capitalist party. Thank God for the sible for maintaining a -prison system which is based on the Army. I chose the Army, but it did not take me long Chicanos, who have the guts to stand inhuman degradation, on racial oppression, and on to discover that the rights of Black people are trampled up like human beings and say, 'We're violence. on by the military as everywhere else in this society. I going to vote for our own interests, . It is no accident that over half of Attica's prisoners are was arrested in 1989 at Fort Jackson, S.C., for helping and not be fooled and tricked by the Black and Puerto Rican. Justice for Black citizens, inside to lead other Gis in a protest against the war. As one Democratic Party anymore.'" and outside the prison walls, is non-existent in this racist of the Fort Jackson Eight, I served 60 days in the army a: When she said this, she was cheered society. stockade before being released as a result of massive by the audience, which included lead­ The heroic struggle of the Attica prisoners for elementary public outcry. ing members of MECHA (Movement democratic and human rights is a part of the movement So I know from firsthand experience what capitalist of Chicano Students of Aztlan) from sweeping this country's prisons. Prisoners everywhere, justice means for Black people. That is why I will take my Berkeley. especially Black and Brown inmates, inspired by the mass campaign for vice-president into the prisons, to fight for The candidates held a news confer­ movements for social change throughout this country, the rights of all prisoners to be politically active, without ence that morning to announce their are standing up for their rights. control or censorship by_ the prison authorities. Campaign candidacies and to file for the election. The entire penal system is an institution of capitalist supporters in prison everywhere will be distributing lit­ They were filmed for television when repression against Blacks, Browns, and other working erature on my campaign and the campaign of Linda Jen-, Nat Weinstein was not allowed to flle people. The Attica prisoners, like all others, are victims ness, Socialist Workers Party candidate for president. because he refused to pay the $837 of a totally unjust and discriminatory system of police, The Socialist Workers Party demands that those gov­ filing fee. Part of the campaign will courts, jails and laws. The Socialist Workers Party is ernment officials, including Governor Rockefeller, who be a legal attack on the restrictive 100 percent behind the demands of the Attica prisoners. are responsible for the massacre at Attica, be brought to and undemocratic nature of the flling The system which produced the Attica massacre is the justice! Support the Attica prisoners' totally just demands fees, which were instituted in 1968 same system which murdered George Jackson at San for political and human rights! Freedom for Angela Davis because "too many" candidates had Quentin only three weeks ago. Jackson had served 10 and all political prisoners! run in the previous election.

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 11 didates on the slates of political parties at all levels." The WPC claims to be "nonpartisan" and open to women from "all political persuasions," and, presumably, wants to maximize women's partic­ ipation in all political parties, as well as in the government. To win political power for women is an im­ portant aspect of the fight for liberation, but to attempt to win representation in all political par­ ties is something quite different. The crucial ques­ liberati tion to ask is: which political parties represent the interests of women? Although the official statements of the NWPC are very vague on this question- demanding equal participation for women in all parties "with whom we are in reasona].>le agreement"- in act~ality the and thrust of their orientation appears to be toward participation in the Democratic and Republican parties. An immediate goal of the NWPC, for ex­ ample, is to press for the right of women to make up one half of the delegates to the 1972 conven­ tions of both the Democratic and Republican parties.

Also, Betty Friedan has publicly urged a woman to run against Representative Emanuel Celler of Brooklyn in next year's Democratic primary, since Celler is a leading opponent of the women's Equal Rights Amendment. This perspective- of encouraging women to par­ ticipate in the Democratic and Republican parties and to support candidates of those parties- will do nothing to promote the struggle of women for liberation, and in fact will hinder that struggle. We cannot fight for liberation by joining and sup­ porting the parties of our oppressors. The ruling class has attempted to convince every­ one that in order to change anything in this coun­ try you must be "realistic," and work toward in­ fluencing the two "major" parties. They try to con­ vince us that our only "responsible" option is to pick a lesser of two evils from these parties, both of which are based on a general program of de­ fending the racist and sexist system this country is based on: capitalism. The programs, policies and candidates of these two parties are not determined by the millions of people who vote for them and support them. They are not decided by open discussion, debate and democratic vote of delegates representative of the millions of voters. Rather, they are deter­ mined from the top, in behind-the-scenes deals be­ tween the millionaires and billionaires who finance these parties. The capitalist system- which the Democratic and Republican parties defend at all cost-cannot op­ erate without racism, sexism, war, pollution, pov­ erty, and all other forms of oppression and ex­ ploitation. These features of our society are a necessary and inevitable part of capitalism be­ cause the mainspring of the capitalist system is the drive for profits. To pay women lower wages than men is very profitable. To keep women in the position of a reserve army of labor is prof­ itable. To make women pay extraordinary amounts for abortions- where they are available at all- and for medical care in general, is prof­ itable. Wars are profitable and serve to protect or extend· profitable foreign investment. And for the government to provide adequate care for all . children through public, 24-hour child-care centers would be very unprofitable. By CAROLINE LUND country, half of the population is prevented from A system based on private property and compe­ The main theme of the Aug. 26 women's march having an equal voice in the way this country tition for profits cannot provide the conditions in New York was that the women's movement is run. The clearest examples of this injustice are necessary for the full liberation of women. We must move toward winning greater political power the laws prohibiting or restricting the right to need, as Nancy Williamson from Boston Female for women. As Betty Friedan put it in her speech abortion-laws which are maintained by male Liberation put it, "a society that is life-protecting at the New York rally, "We are now moving from legislators but affect only women. rather than life-destroying." We need a society based women's liberation to women's participation in In addition to building a mass movement of on cooperation and production for people's needs, equal political power." Friedan, who was keynote women fighting for specific demands like the right not production for profits and war. That system speaker at the rally, spoke as a leader of the to abortion, child care, and equal jobs and educa­ is socialism. National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC). tion, it is important for women to think out how The real program of both the Democratic and The National Organization for Women, the larg­ we, in alliance with other oppressed sectors of Republican parties- despite words and promises est feminist organization in this country, has also the population, can move toward taking over the at election time- has been demonstrated during decided upon a turn toward winning political pow­ government and transforming society. the decades that they have been running this coun­ er for women. The theme of its Sept. 4-6 national How does the National Women's Political Cau­ try. These parties have maintained the oppression convention in Los Angeles was "Revolution: From cus think women can win political power? Its of women except when they have been forced by the Doll's House to the White House." The NOW main goal, says the NWPC Statement of Purpose, the power of an independent mass movement of convention voted to support the NWPC and to · is the election "of women candidates-federal, state women- such as the suffrage movement- to make encourage its members to build women's political and local- who declare themselves ready to fight concessions. They have done the same in main­ caucuses on a state level. for the rights and needs of women, and of all taining the oppression of Black people and other This question of how to win greater political underrepresented groups." nationalities, and in maintaining the war economy power for women is indeed very important to and the policy of military aggression against other the struggle for liberation. As it now stands, there 'Nonpartisan' peoples, such as in Korea, Lebanon, Cuba, Santo are only 11 women out of 435 members of the A statement of the New York-New Jersey-Con­ Domingo and Southeast Asia. House of Representatives, and only one woman necticut Women's Political Caucus says: "We are The NWPC says it will only support candidates out of 100 U.S. senators. This miniscule repre­ a nonpartisan organization, mobilizing women of who conform to certain guidelines, including op­ scctation of women is also true in state legisla­ all political persuasions for active participation position to "racism," and support for the Equal h. '!land municipal governments. and power in political parties and government. Rights Amendment, free, comprehensive child care, Through the myriad ways of keeping women We are determined to elect a just proportion of adequate shelter for all Americans, and an end in an inferior status, which are upheld and en­ women delegates to political party conventions, to the Indochina war. But even if women candi­ couraged by aU the institutions and laws of this and to have an equitable number of women can- dates are elected who support these demands, they

12 will have no power to achieve them because they Black, Chicano and labor· parties supports the women's liberation movement, the will be ultimately controlled by their parties­ Rather than supporting the Democratic and Re­ struggle of oppressed nationalities for self-deter­ the Democratic or Republican party- which do publican parties, the NWPC should devote. itself mination, and the antiwar movement and at the not support these goals. to building a political party and movement based same time fights for a total transformation of on the interests of and controlled by those who this system, from capitalism to socialism. · do not own the major wealth of this country and To win l~beration, women must ultimately par­ Thus, women like Representative Shirley Chis­ who therefore have no interest in maintaining this ticipate in building such a socialist party. Only a holm (D-N. Y.) and Representative Bella Abzug socialist revolution can bring about a total change racist and sexist system based on private owner­ (D-N. Y.), who claim they are trying to win gains ship of industry and banks. Women should sup­ to a system based on satisfying the needs of hu­ for women by working inside and reforming the port, or help initiate, the formation of a labor manity, the needs of women, rather than a system Democratic Party- only have the effect of helping party, based on the trade unions. Strong partici­ based on competition, profits, racism, sexism, pov­ to trick women into placing their confidence in pation of women could insure that such a labor erty and war. the Democratic Party. Although Abzug and Chis­ An anticapitalist political party- a Black party, party would include in its program demands for holm favor the right of women to abortion and the right to abortion, child care, equal pay, and a Chicano party, a labor party, or a socialist child care, they ask women to support the political party- is difficult to build. The capitalist rulers other demands of the women's liberation movement. party of Edmund Muskie and Edward Kennedy, have used the education system to make people Women are already in the forefront of shaking who oppose the right to abortion. They are asking believe that the Democratic and Republican parties up the conservatized trade union leaderships, by women to support the party of Edmund Muskie actually provide people with all the choices they demanding that the unions support the rights of who recently said he would never run with a Black women workers, and by their example of militant need. We are taught to believe that having only two person on his ticket. They are asking women to capitalist parties is the "American way,"- that the struggle. As further attacks on workers occur like support the party which is just as responsible as "two-party system" is the way this country works Nixon's wage freeze, more and more working the Republicans for initiating and continuing the best. But it works best only for the industrialists people- both men and women-will begin con­ slaughter in Southeast Asia. and bankers who rule this country. sidering alternatives to the Democratic and Re­ The Democratic and Republican parties both The real role of this "two-party system" can be publican parties. A political party based on and represent the ruling capitalist class, not the masses clearly seen in the attitude of the American rulers controlled by working peqple would be a powerful of women. They are in actuality only two factions to the elections in Vietnam. The Nixon administra­ ally of women in our struggle for liberation. of one party based on 6iefense of capitalism. tion wants a candidate to run against Thieu in But how, then, can women win political power­ Another type of political party which could tre­ South Vietnam even though there would be no ba­ power that can force an end to our oppression mendously aid the struggle of women for libera­ sic difference between them. It wants two candidates as well as an end to war, poverty and the special tion would be a party based on the Black com­ only for appearances- to make both Americans oppression of nationalities and of all workers? munity or the Chicano community. Examples of and the Vietnamese believe that there is really a this type of party are the Raza Unida parties in choice. Mass movement Texas, Colorado and California. These parties Women cannot move toward achieving libera­ First of all, we must continue to build a mass, run candidates against the Democratic and Re­ tion by supporting the parties of our oppressors. independent movement, uniting all women, fighting publican party candidates, candidates who are We must fight the Democratic and Republican par­ around specific issues of the women''s liberation responsible only to the Chicano community. Chi­ ties through building a mass movement of women movement. We must build the women's movement cana women have been in the forefront of building in the streets, and we must fight them on the elec­ into a mass movement, involving women from the Raza Unida parties, and are fighting through toral arena as well. To win political power, women all sectors of society. And we can best do this it for their own special needs. must ally themselves with, and spearhead, the po­ by organizing mass struggles for specific, imme­ Similarly, Black women could greatly aid their litical struggles of the working class and of the diate needs of· women, such as the struggle for the struggle for liberation by supporting the forma­ oppressed nationalities. right to abortion on demand. The massive march­ tion of an independent Black political party, which For the 1972 elections, the Socialist Workers es for abortion law repeal on Nov. 20 in Wash­ would mobilize the entire Black community, in­ Party is running Linda Jenness for president. Her ington, D. C., and San Francisco will be an im­ cluding women, in struggle for control over their campaign is totally supporting the fight for wom­ portant step in this direction.• own communities and for self-determination. en's liberation and is exposing the politicians of Such a mass movement of women fighting for Such a labor party or party of Black people or the Democratic and Republican parties. If the N a­ their rights and needs is a political movement. Chicano people would not simply be active at elec­ tiona! Women's Political Caucus is serious about It makes demands on the government and can tion time, but will be born out of, and be involved wanting to support candidates who· will fight un­ force it in some cases to make concessions to our in, struggles the year around to change this rotten compromisingly for- the needs of women, against demands. Any attempt to win political power for system. the war in Southeast Asia, and against all forms women must be based on support to this grow­ The only party which embodies this entire per­ of oppression, then they should consider throwing ing mass movement of women. It cannot be coun­ spective of uncompromising struggle against the their resources and energies behind the campaign terposed to the mass movement, as Betty Friedan's rulers of this country and their parties is the So­ of Linda Jenness and local SWP candidates speech on Aug. 26 seemed to imply. cialist Workers Party. It is the only party which throughout the country.

The Until now, the women's liberation movement has spread mainly to the ad­ "You're not going to change a construction worker's mind, so if they don't vanced capitalist countries around the world, but sisters from the colonial mug me I _consider myself very lucky." and former colonial world are also beginning to fight for their rights as wom­ en. In the June 11 Militant, I reported in this column about a women's libera­ Women are winning gains in many areas through legal suits. A Seattle wait­ tion demonstration in the Philippines. It should also be reported that according ress, Linda Hanson, has filed a suit charging that Washington state unem­ to the New York Dally News there was a demonstration in Malaysia Sept. 6 ployment compensation laws discriminate against women- particularly preg­ of 500 nurses demanding equal pay. Tiie Dally News said it was Malaysia's nant women. Washington law presently denies pregnant women unemployment first women's liberation demonstration. The nurses picketed the Ministry of compensation from the seventeenth week before delivery until the sixth week Health demanding equal wages to those of male nurses. afterivards. Linda Hanson's employer laid her off because of lack of business, so she Every woman knows what it's like to be harassed by "girl watchers" on the began to draw unemployment benefits and continued to draw them after she street. Even if you are lucky enough to get by without being pinched or with­ subsequently became pregnant. According to the Aug. 20 Seattle Times, the out being bombarded with the various standard sexual noises and comments, state is now demanding she pay back about $800 she received during the just feeling those·eyes on you is enough to make you feel like a piece of meat . period that unemployment compensation is denied bylaw. on display. Ru.th Barnes, attorney for Linda Hanson, pointed out that the present law Women in City Government United (WCGU) in New York City are trying to benefits the employers, "who don't have to pay into the state (unemployment do something about this disgusting practice of harassment of women, which compensation) fund because the pregnant woman is disqualified" from benefits. is especially bad in the City Hall area of lower Manhattan, where these sisters In another case, a U.S. Foreign Service officer, Alison Palmer, won a sex­ work. discrimination suit against the State Department- the first such suit in its his­ Women in City Government United was started three years ago, and has tory. 50 active members plus many others who are interested. Their major goal Palmer charged that there was a "pattern of discrimination" in the Foreign is to fight sex discrimination against women in city government. Service, and cited the fact that she was refused appointlnents to posts in the WCGU began a campaign to publicize incidents of harassment, and suc­ embassies in Tanzania, Uganda and Ethiopia because of her sex. "It was ceeded in prompting the New York Times to run a major story on this prob­ formerly held," reports the Aug. 26 Los Angeles Times in an article on this lem. What moved the women from WCGU to begin this campaign was the case, "that in countries where women are considered inferior, a female dip­ recent crackdown on prostitutes by the city government because of supposed lomat's sex might interfere with her ability to operate effectively." If the ruling harassment of men by women! in Alison Palmer's case is enforced, it would outlaw discrimination against One woman city employee told the Times: "Once when I was approached women in this manner. i told the man, 'If you were female, you'd be arrested.' He called me Com­ munist. A man can say whatever he chooses. If a woman does, she's arrested.'' Ambassador Edward Korry wrote to the State Department that Palmer should Some women in WCGU are planning to bring men who harass them to not be assigned to the post in Ethiopia because the job involved dealing with court. Another member told the Times that in her view, "if somebody says Ethiopian labor leaders. "Believe me," wrote Korry, "the savages in the labor something to me it's a personal insult, b'ut I can't get excited about it. The movement would not be receptive to Miss Palmer, except perhaps her natural fact that a woman can't approach a man without being arrested, the fact that endowments.'' women can't get jobs, that they have to go on welfare is more important. -CAROLINE LUND

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 13 Six days after the bombings, the · should abide by it," he said in an KKK held a regular meeting at Miles' . interview. home in which the effects of the bomb­ Siple's attitude is not atypical Klansmen ings were evaluated. The FBI said among elements in the lower echelons China Miles "expressed pleasure that no phys­ of the labor officialdom in the face of arrested ical evidence of their deed had been Nixon's wage-freeze bombshell. Many found." unions on strike when the freeze was backs When arrested, Wall ace Fruit, the announced have not gone back to in Mich. Great Titan of the Fifth Province of work. the KKK, denied any knowledge of Interviews with Twin Cities union Sudan the bombings. He said, "I don't know officials last week confirmed that who could have done the bombing there's a new mood afoot in the trade bombings except the NAACP. They're the only unions, cautious but restive, and less butchers By ERNIE HARSCH ones who stand to gain. Now they'll inclined to obediently genuflect when China's Maoist leaders further ex­ PONTIAC, Mich.- Six Klansmen, in­ be able to bring in f~deral troops, the commander in chief asks labor to tended their policy of blatant support cluding Robert Miles, the Grand Drag­ and that's what they want." toe the line. to such reactionary actions as Paki­ on of the Michigan Ku Klux Klan, The bus bombings shocked many The Minneapolis Gas Employees were arrested on Sept. 10 in the bomb­ Michigan residents into the realization are backed by their International, the stan's suppression of Bangia Desh ing of 10 school buses which the Pon­ that the South isn't the only breeding United Association of Pipe Fitters and and the repression by the Bandaran­ tiac Board of Education planned to ground for right-wing terrorism. They Plumbers, and have also won signifi­ aike regime in Ceylon with their ges­ use to carry out a federal court school now have to face it close to home. cant local support. tures of. friendship to Sudan's Presi­ desegregation order. Ten thousand of Robert Shelton, the Imperial Wizard Some 15 unions have refused to dent Nimeiry during his recent bloody Pontiac's 24,000 public school chil­ of the Klan, has called the Michigan cross the gas workers' picket lines repression of Communists and other dren were to be bused in the program. KKK the strongest Klan organization and 260 office workers in the com­ dissidents. In July, a coup by leftist The 10 buses were destroyed with outside of the South. One poJice in­ pany headquarters have remained out military officers in Sudan failed. Fol­ dynamite Aug. 30, a few days before telligence officer said, "The Klan is in sympathy with the striking local. lowing his return to power, Nimeiry they were to begin operation. These growing in Michigan and it's growing And the strike is still solid. The has murdered thousands of Commu­ bombings touched off more than a fast." union wants a 72 cent increase over nists, trade unionists, and women and week of right-wing protests against a two-year period. Current base pay youth activists.( and banned all dis­ the busing program. is $4.80 an hour. sident political groups. On the frrst day of school, 70 per­ "We just had a special membership While all this was taking place, Mao sons tried to block the remaining meeting," Siple said, "and it was a Tse-Tung was rolling out the red car­ buses from leaving the parking lot. unanimous backing of the negotiation pet for this reactionary regime. For several days, pickets patrolled the committee to maintain our position." gates to the lot, intimidating the bus Mpls-gas The only direct government pressure On August 5, the Sudanese news­ drivers and making half-veiled threats to return to work, says Siple, came paper Al-Sahafa reported that a high of further sabotage. a few days after Nixon announced level Sudanese government team On Sept. 8, a demonstration of 5,- the freeze. The director of the Federal would visit China to discuss ways of 000 took place in Pontiac in protest workers Mediation Service in Chicago sent a improving relations between the two of the busing program. The organized telegram and then phoned asking the countries. right-wing was very much in evidence, union to end the strike. On Aug. 23, Sudan Foreign Minis­ with members of the American Inde­ continue "We ignored the request,~ said Siple. ter Mansour Khaled announced that pendent Party, the National Youth Al­ The union is currently picketing 13 an economic and technical agreement sites that include offices and plants in liance, and the KKK carrying signs would soon be signed with the Mao and passing out leaflets. strike the Minneapolis area. Some picketing regime. is only during the day, while at a Despite the size of the demonstration, By RANDY FURST Two weeks earlier, Khaled had re­ MINNEAPOLIS- The way the White number of service plants where super­ the picketing at the bus parking lot vealed that the Sudanese-Chinese gates afterward didn't increase. About visors are working through the night, House sees it, all strikes for higher Friendship Society, an official organi­ 40 to 50 persons took part, with fewer wages are off. But you can't sell that picket lines are set up on an around­ zation, organized demonstrations in people showing up each consecutive to the 800 members of the Minneapo­ the-clock basis. support of General Nimeiry, while the day. Several people were arrested for lis Gas Employees Union that walked A few union members have been chaining themselves to the parking off the job before the wage freeze and put at the disposal of the company latter had been in the custody of left­ lot fence, and when one of them was haven't been back since. And theunion to .1epair emergency gas leaks. ist army officers July 19-22. arrested he gave the Nazi salute. isn't going back, says union president Siple remains largely mute on the On Aug. 5, UPI reported that Ni­ The FBI charged that the plan for Howard Siple, until it gets a fair con- freeze itself, having been advised by meiry had sent a note of "thanks" to the bombings originated at a state­ tract- wage freeze or not. ~ the International union not to discuss Mao and Chou En-lai because of Chi­ wide meeting of the KKK in Vassar, At strike headquarters, Siple arid it with reporters. na's refusal to join in the widespread Mich. July 4, at which Robert Shel­ his aides are busy dispatching pickets But the sentiment among the rank condemnation of the Sudan bloodbath ton of Alabama, the Imperial Wizard to local gas company offices, appar­ and file runs against the Nixon policy. and witch-hunt against the left. of the Klan, was also present. This ently unmoved by President Nixon's Asked if he felt Nixon had a right By allying himself with Nimeiry, was followed by several other meet­ appeal to labor for an end to work to appeal to unions to hold off on Mao has gone on record supporting ings that discussed the specific ar­ stoppages. "Just because he issues this strikes, Siple was curt: "I don't think the elimination of the largest Commu­ rangements of the bombings. type of request doesn't mean we he has a right to do a lot of things." nist Party in the Arab world. iLa Raza en AcciOnl The extent of pollee brutality in the Chicano and Puerto Rican communities a demonstration last Feb. 6, when police attacked Chicano demonstrators has been brought into sharp relief by a succession of events throughout the protesting police brutality, and murdered Alfonso (Poncho) Flores. summer. Also evident is the determination of the barrio to resist this constant The July 17 issue of Ya Merot, published in McAllen, Texas, reports that harassment and violence of racist cops, backed by racist Democratic and Re­ the committee, formed by a group of political activists and religious clergy, publican party politicians. includes a number of prominent people, among them Senator Jose Bernel of In Hoboken, N.J., the Puerto Rican community exploded on the weekend San Antonio and Carlos Guerra, national president of MAYO (Mexican-Ameri­ of Sept. 4-5 when two Puerto Rican brothers were beaten by cops who can Youth Organization). The committee will raise funds and support for those "thought" the men were holding up a store. On Saturday night, reports the now facing trial. Sept. 7 New York Times, a group of Puerto Ricans were seized and clubbed as they attempted to march to the police headquarters in protest. Many were An article in the Aug. 29 issue of Claridad, published in Puerto Rico, reported arrested. that studies done recently in New York showed that Puerto Ricans are two In response to the arrests, another incident took place on Sunday evening, or three times more likely to live in poverty. than all the families in the city. and there were more arrests and beatings. Two of the people arrested showed In addition, Puerto Ricans have the largest average number of children per two-inch gashes on their heads caused by police clubs. family, the lowest education level, the worst jobs, and the highest rate of un­ On Sept. 8, 35 people arrested during the weekend were released, but new employment. eruptions occurred when a group of "law and order" representatives singing Some of the figures cited to prove the point were the following: 33 percent "God Bless America" and waving American flags went to City Hall to pro- of all Puerto Rican families are headed by women, as opposed to 10 percent test their release. · of families in general, "a fact which demonstrates," adds Claridad, "the acute Following a meeting with city officials, they marched to the Puerto Rican disintegration of the family among boricua (Puerto Rican) families." cc;>mmunity, thus provok~ the rock-and bottle-throwing incident that ensued. The educational level for four out of five males and three out of four women, On Sept. 9, the banner of racist reaction was picked up by the Hoboken 18 years or older, is below high school. Young Democrats, who, led by their president James Farina, marched to City In terms of income, twice as many Puerto Rican families in proportion to Hall to also protest the release of the 35.. all New York families-or one out of two-make $5,000 or less a year. As in most cases, a contributing factor to the pent-up anger of the commu­ nity is the high rate of unemployment. Forty percent of Hoboken's popula­ ''Law and order" in Texas won another round of its battle with democracy tion of 47,000 are Puerto Rican, more than 25 percent of whom are unem­ when the Harlingen Court of County Commissioners recently authorized their ployed. county sheriff, Boynton Fleming, to declare a state of emergency without their approval. On Sept. 10 in Santa Fe, N.M. 100 National Guardsmen were called in to Under this law, the August 28 Ya Merot explains, Fleming may request help state and city police spray tear gas on Chicano youth because, as the the intervention of police and military forces from other parts of the country Sept. 8 New York Times reports, an "apparent" fight broke out following the in cases which he personally judges as emergencies. annual fiesta. It seems the cops got a little nervous when they tried to break Fleming has acquired a bad reputation amongst Chicanos in that area, up the fight and met with resistance. especially since the murder of a young Chicano by deputy Nem Bryan. Bryan was found not guilty by a court after being praised by Fleming. A committee has been formed· to defend those arrested in Pharr, Texas, during -MIRTA VIDAL

14 /y, Spring 1963) It was just as un­ experienced and tested CPC [Chinese Moscow-Peking debate, "the Chinese critical of the Kremlin bureaucrats as Communist Party] will succeed in its continued tb maintain effective unity The following article is the first of it later became of the Mao Tse-tung new historic endeav.or. of action with the Soviet Union in a series that will analyze Progressive team. For a comprehensive analysis "The thought of Mao Tse-tung is delivering arms to Vietnam over the Labor Party's break wHh Maoism and of the origins and history of PLP the summarization of the experiences Chinese railroads. At no time did the Hs present policies and activHies. until 1969 see Maoism in the U.S., of the Chinese revolution. It points Chine~ engage in public polemics a Critical History of PLP, by Militant the way for the revolutionary process against Soviet aid." (Nov. 1971 PL, By TONY THOMAS editor Mary-Alice Waters (Pathfinder everywhere." (Ret,olution Today: p. 42, original emplasis) The Nov. 1971 issu~ of Progressive Press, 410 West Street, N.Y., N.Y., U.S. A, pages 198-99) Furthermore, the Chinese Maoists Labor· magazine announces the com­ 50 cents). However, as far back as 1967, PLP are now attacked for allegedly pre­ plete repudiation of Maoism and of began .to take positions at variance venting Chinese ultralefts from wreck­ support to the Chinese government When PL was Maoist with the Mao bureaucracy. These did ing trains carrying Russian aid to by the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), In its frrst comprehensive statement not offer a revolutionary Marxist al­ Vietnam. PLP claims that, "A large which for nearly 10 years has been "Road to Revolution I," published in ternative to the reformist policies of organized movement developed the largest and most important Maoist 1963, the founders of PLM adopted Maoism. Rather, most of these differ-. against Soviet aid to Vietnam. Ship­ organization in the U.S. Articles in a position of support to the Chinese ences stemmed from opposition to the ment after shipment of Soviet arms previous issues of PL magazine and Communist Party as leaders of Marx­ revolutionary implications of the na­ was derailed by left forces in the GPCR the PLP newspaper, Challenge-Desafio, ism-Leninism on a world scale. "When tionalism of oppressed people, and !the Great Proletarian Cultural Revo­ had criticized the Chinese govern­ the Chinese Communist Party began an increasingly sectarian attitude to lution]. The purpose of these actions ment's actions in Ceylon and Pakistan to provide political and ideological any united action with the "Soviet re­ was to show revolutionary solidarity and the proposed Nixon trip to China. h!adership for the world Marxist move­ visionists." However, on none of these with the people of Vietnam by op­ But this most recent article goes be­ ment, it was warmly welcomed by true questions did PLP ever explicitly state posing ihe machinations of the revi­ yond criticisms and reverses PLP's Marxist-Leninists, because it accurate­ that its views differed from the Chinese sionists. . . . Only the direct, violent analysis of China and Maoism. China ly generalized and confirmed their own leadership's, nor did it openly attack intervention of the Mao Tse-tung-con­ trolled PLA (People's Liberation Ar­ my] was able to put a stop to this movement." (Nov. 1971, PL, p. 17, emphasis added), from an article en­ titled "Road to Revolution III") Nationalism Since early 1969, the PLP has been officially opposed to all forms of na­ tionalism- whether of oppressed or oppressor nations- even though this is contrary to the stated positions of the Chinese CP leadership. A June 1969 PLP statement indicated: "For many years, we in the Progressive Labor Party held to the idea of two types of nationalism: revolutionary and reactionary. But a look at world reality shows there's no such thing, Nationalism is either the path to op­ pression by an outside imperialism or the road back to capitalism from socialism." ("Revolutionaries Must Fight Nationalism," editorial dated June 1969 published in the PLP pam­ phlet Black Liberation.) Bourgeois nationalists and revolu­ tionary nationalists· like Malcolm X, who they once hailed, were now branded as capitalist "sellouts." The Chinese Maoists have main­ tained a different attitude toward na­ tionalist struggles. First, a prominent part of their strategy is support to national capitalists in the colonial world who they have friendly diplo­ matic relations with. This is justified on the basis of the reformist two-stage theory of revolution developed by Stalin which calls for victory by the . national democratic forces- usually led by or including capitalists-before People's Liberation Army commanders celebrating third anniversary of Chair­ socialism (the second stage) can be won. man Mao Tse-tung's dip in Yangtze. "The thought of Mao Tse-tung ... points In addition, the Chinese CP gives the way for the revolutionary process everywhere," PL wrote before it dis­ verbal support to noncapitalist ele­ covered that China had gone "capitalist." ments of the nationalist struggles of oppressed peoples for the purpose of the Maoist bureaucracy until the last is now branded as a capitalist state. experiences." (Revolution Today: exerting a reformist influence on these U.S. A, p. 138) few months. Mao Tse-tung and the Communist Par­ struggles and to provide Peking with At that time, PLP supported nation­ ty of China are termed "revisionists" One of the most obvious points of left cover. alist currents in the Black liberation disagreement was over Vietnam. In and part of the Chinese "red bour­ PLP has rejected the two-stage struggle in the J]. S. as well as na­ 1967, PLP adopted the view that the geoisie." The "Great Proletarian Cul­ theory at least since 1969. The Aug. tural Revolution" in the late-19SOs, tional capitalist regimes in countries North Vietnamese and N atiomJ Lib­ 1969 Progressive Labor states: "It is which PLP formerly lauded as a suc­ like Indonesia and Cambodia. The eration .Front of South Vietnam Oct. 1965 issue of PL for example, wrong for Communists to advocate cess in preventing "capitalist" elements leaders "backslid" into "revisionism" two-stage struggle. Communists have from taking power in China, is now even carried an article by President when they agreed to negotiate with no business advocating nationa! lib­ Sukarno on "The Road Since Ban­ the U.S. (Vietnam, Defeat U.S. Im­ viewed as a victory for the "red bour­ eration movements that do not openly geoisie." dung." perialism, p. 25) proclaim socialism as a goal." Progressive Labor also denounces Later, during the "Great Proletarian PLP further argued that the Feb. In its most recent positions, PLP traditional aspects of Maoist politics Cultural Revolution," 1966-69, PLP 1968 Tet offensive in South Vietnam, attacks outright and falsifies Lenin's such as the Mao personality cult, the quickly followed Mao Tse-tung in de­ which dealt a heavy blow to the U.S.­ position of extending support to the two-stage theory of revolution, and the nouncing the Soviet leaders as capit­ Saigon military effort, was "a lot of national liberation struggles of op­ "new democracy." While PLP still de­ alists as well as "revisionists." The wheeling and dealing . . . a lot of pressed nations and nationalities. It fends much of Stalin's "accomplish­ U.S.S.R. was no longer considered scheming instead of revolutionary further states: "From the point of view ments" it now criticizes many of the a workers state but an imperial­ struggle. . . . The Tet offensive was of workers, peasants, and other op­ policies taken by the Third Interna­ ist state. This was explained in its just part of a sellout manuever to pressed people, there is no way to tional under Stalin, including the second major policy statement, "Road pressure Johnson.... " (p. 29) Al­ 'sell out' a struggle for national libera­ "people's front" strategy first adopted to Revolution II" published in Dec. though PLP did not attack the Chi­ tion-because this struggle itself is a at the Seventh Comintern Congress in 1966. nese CP at the time, these positions sellout in its very conception.• (Nov. 1935. This document states: ". . . the revi­ were clearly contrary to those held 1971 PL, p. 60) PLP, first called the Progressive sionists have contempt for and fear by the Chinese government. Labor Movement, was founded in of the Chinese masses. They hate the For a long time, the PLP has taken PLP's frrst open attacks on the Mao­ 1962. Its founders were almost ex­ Chinese Communist Party arid its a sectarian attitude toward "revision- · ist ~eaders came in the wake of Pe­ clusively ex-members of the Commu­ great leader Mao Tse-tung. Their hate ist" aid from the U. S. S. R. being sent king's support and aid· to the Paki­ nist Party who wanted to return to is born of the fear that the Chlnese to North Vietnam. It opposes such stani dictatorship that launched the what they termed the "revolutionary Communist Party and people are the aid on the grounds that it will deepen genocidal repression against Bangia heritage" of the CP under Stalin in most powerful revolutionary force in the "revisionism" of the NLF and the Desh. the early 1930s. It initially took no the world.... North Vietnamese government. The May 1 Challenge-Desafio car­ position on the Moscow-Peking split "It's [the cultural revolution's] every ries an article opposed to the Paki­ and in fact criticized the Socialist success is a key defeat for U.S. im­ Now in its most recent statement, stani rulers entitled "Pakistani Bosses Workers Party for "its hostility to the perialism and modern revisionism. We PLP goes much further and charges Use Nationalism to Slaughter Soviet Union and the Socialist have great confidence that by utiliz­ that "throughout the period of bitter Workers." It attacks Chou-En-lai for bloc.... " (Marxist-Leninist Quarter- ing the thought of Mao Tse-tung the back and forth polemics," during· the Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 15 Labor unity is theme of UE convention By HARRY RING II, for example, it broke with estab­ politician from either major party had CIO united with the AFL that year.) LOS ANGELES- The convention of lished CIO policy and signed contracts been invited to speak. Those he referred to were obviously the United Electrical, Radio & Ma­ introducing "incentive pay" speedup. It supporting the line of the Communist chine Workers (UE) held here Aug. was a leading proponent of the war­ The convention itself could not be Party, which at that time openly pro­ 30-Sept. 3 was one of the first union time "no-strike" pledge.) properly characterized as particularly claimed the need for the expelled conventions held since Nixon's anti­ dynamic. Actual convention business unions to find their way back into "the labor wage freeze. The proceedings consisted of acting on a series of reso­ mainstream." and the presence of officers of several Unity lutions, amending the union constitu­ This brought factional warfare with­ other unions indicated some recogni­ It was only in the 1969-70 General tion, and election of officers. There was in the union, Matles recalled, with a tion in official union circles of -the Electric strike that for the first time little visible dissent among the dele­ number of locals breaking away to need for united labor resistance to working unity developed between the gates. join the IUE or other unions. Matles Nixon's program. IUE, the UE and several other unions Fitzgerald, who has served as union said that he, Fitzgerald and others The most newsworthy feature of the holding contracts with GE. For years president for the past 30 years, was had resisted the move toward the IUE convention of some 400 delegates was the giant corporation, along with Wes­ reelected by acclamation, as was long­ on the ground that it was not the the presence as guest speakers of tinghouse, had .successfully exploited time Secretary-Treasurer James Matles. "mainstream" but a "polluted sewer." Leonard Woodcock, president of the the disunity and division among the The only contest was in the election A re&olution adopted on labor unity United Auto Workers, and Paul Jen­ electrical unions to impose ever worse for the third principal post in the does not mention any proposed nings, president of the UE's long-time contracts on them. It came as a major union, director of organization. Ava­ merger with the IUE. Instead, it rival, the International Union of Elec­ surprise to G E when the previously cancy was created by the withdrawal speaks of "united action of all unions trical Workers, AFL-CIO. contending unions united in nego­ for health reasons of the previous di­ in the electrical industry" and "joint Woodcock and Jennings, along.with tiations and successfully resisted cor­ rector, Robert Kirkwood. activities on basic issues." Harry Bridges, ·president of the West poration efforts to deny lliem elemen­ There were two nominees for the The long years of isolation of the Coast International Longshoremen's tary wage and hour demands. post, Hugh Harley, a long-time inter­ union was reflected in the composition Union, joined with UE officials in Jennings stressed the great value of national representative, and William of the convention. The electrical indus­ blasting the wage freeze as a move the agreement made by the IUE and (Jack) Burch, secretary-treasurer. of try is a low-paying one with a large designed to further enrich U. S. cor­ UE since the GE strike which bars the Illinois-area District 11. Harley component of women and Black and porations at the expense of working people. They agreed that primary re­ sponsibility for inflation stems from the Vietnam war and that wages far from causing inflation have failed to keep pace with it. They all urged resis­ tance to any moves to curb the right to strike. In addition, Woodcock told the as- . sembled delegates that he felt the UAW had been wrong back in 1949 when it had joined in the witch-hunt expul­ sion of the UE and other unions from the CIO as allegedly"Communist-dom­ inated." Describing the wage freeze as "a noose around our collective necks," Woodcock declared there is now an urgent need for "maximum and effec­ tive labor unity." Referring to the 1949 expulsions from the CIO, Woodcock said, "Pos­ sibly we should never have been split asunder and we in my union helped cause that splitting asunder. But if we have made an error in the past, then that error should be corrected raiding between the two unions and had the support of the international Brown workers. Yet the largest single based on the needs and demands of provides for consultation andcoopera­ officers while Burch was nominated group of delegates and officers were today." tion to reduce rival efforts in orga­ by Ernest DeMaio, chairman of Dis­ older, white males. He reiterated a previous declaration nizing the unorganized. trict 11. Harley was elected by a vote The leadership seemed either uncer­ that if the administration sought to Jennings also said his executive of 340.6 to 166.3 for Burch. tain as to how to cope with this prob­ continue the wage freeze beyond the board discussed the wage freeze. "We (DeMaio also introduced, unsuccess­ lem, or hesitant to do so. A resolu­ 90 days the UAW would consider its decided we're going to function as if fully, a constitutional amendment tion was introduced by Oakland, Ca­ contracts "null and void" and thereby it didn't exist. We're going to nego­ which would have taken effect in 1974 lif., Local 1412 which noted that at free itself to strike where necessary. tiate contracts, we're going to strike. and provided for compulsory retire­ the time of its inception, 95 percent Unity was also the central theme of We're going to get for the workers ment of international union officers at of the UE leadership was under 25 the speech by Paul Jennings, president what's coming to them." age 65.) and today the situation is reversed. of the IUE. His union had been orga­ Afterward, Jennings was interviewed The resolution said that, "In every nized by the CIO after the UE was by Harry Bernstein, labor editor of Modest gains shop ... there is a growing bloc expelled. Its function was to try to the Los Angeles Times. According to With the GE strike as a turning of young members with little or no destroy the UE as-the principal union Bernstein, Jennings stated that the two point, the UE now seems to be mak­ representation." in the electric industry. For years its unions are "holding continuing discus­ ing modest gains after the long, dif­ The resolution came to the floor primary tactic in seeking to achieve . sion which I am convinced will lead ficult period of cold-war isolation from fll.e resolutions committee with this goal was raiding efforts against to a merger." which reduced it from one of the key this sentence deleted and was then re­ UE locals conducted with the most Albert Fitzgerald, president of UE, CIO unions to one of the smaller in­ ferred to the executive board for fur­ disgraceful kind of red-baiting. responded to this report by telling the dependent unions. Its present mem­ ther consideration. (The reactionary expulsion of the convention, "Your officers have been bership is estimated at 65,000, nearly A series of resolutions were adopted UE from the CIO was not without a authorized by our previous conven­ half of which has been gained since calling for a shorter workweek; con­ certain bitter irony since the union, tion and by our general executive 1965. tractual stipulations to improve the whose policies had been significantly board to seek unity and cooperation The expulsion from the CIO, defec­ lot of women workers; support to the influenced by the Communist Party, with any union we can have unity and tions within the union in the period West Coast longshore strike; the right had played a key role in shaping the cooperation with. We have not been that followed, and other related diffi­ to strike; a program to combat infla­ class-collaborationist policies of the authorized to talk merger with any culties have weighed heavily on the tion and provide jobs; etc. CIO officialdom. During World War other union and we will not talk union and its leadership. The Vietnam resolution from the merger .with any other union unless In several speeches to the conven­ resolutions committee· and adopted by we are instructed to do so." tion, both Matles and Fitzgerald indi­ the convention urged that "the presi­ Regarding the wage freeze, Fitzger­ cated that while they favored further dent make possible the release of all ald warned that after the 90 days it steps along the road of united actions prisoners of war by setting a date for was likely that a federal board would with other unions, they were not with­ withdrawing from the war.... " be created to initiate wage-price guide­ out hesitations about the prospects of This was a substitute for a resolu­ lines. "I hope," he said, "that the labor actual merger with the IUE. tion presented by District Council 7, leaders of this country do not permit At one point, Matles reviewed the Cleveland, which concluded: "RE­ themselves to be taken 'into camp.' difficulties which the union had sur­ SOLVED that the UE Officers, District "Certainly," he added, "one thing vived. After the original period of Councils and Locals call for an end must never be permitted to happen witch-hunting and raiding by other ·to the war in Indochina now, and that during these 90 days or after these 90 unions, he said, the situation began full support be given to all actions days-we must not permit in this coun­ to turn for the better in 1955 as the that will help bring peace to America try any president or any presidential McCarthy era drew to a close. Pre­ and the world." board to take away the right to strike cisely at that point, he said, elements In the discussion on Vietnam, Dick of the American working people." within the leadership of the union be­ Niebur, chairman of District 7, strong­ Photo ng In an added note of militancy, Fitz­ gan pressing for unity at any cost with ly urged support to the National Peace Dick Niebur, president District 7 gerald called the delegates' attention the IUE as a means of getting back_ Action Coalition and the fall antiwar UE to the fact that at this convention no into "the mainstream" of labor. (The offensive. (See Sept. 17 Militant.)

16 AFT projects no fight against wage freeze By TIM CRAINE First, teachers are usually paid ac­ cratic Party, had supported the 1970 question of increments- a "victory" WASHINGTON, D. C.- On Sept. 8 cording to a salary scale that rises act that enabled the president to im­ which some AFT leaders attributed and 9, the American Federation of by annual increments for a number pose· the freeze, but rationalized this to a demonstration by the 250 con­ Teachers (AFT) held an emergency of years until the teacher reaches the action on the grounds that the AFL­ ference delegates on the steps of the conference here to launch a counter­ maximum. These increments have CIO had testified in favor of includ­ Capitol. He also announced that the attack against Nixon's wage freeze. never been considered "raises" and ing profits, along with wages and AFT will seek to exempt teachers from The program presented to the con­ were left undisturbed even during prices. He also discussed legislative any legislation Congress passes ex­ ference by AFT President David Sel­ World War II. The freezing of incre­ proposals which the AFL-CIO will tending the freeze beyond Nov. 13. den, determined in advance by his ments actually results in a net cut in present to Congress next week: closing This tends to contradict the AFT's Executive Council, was one of attempt­ the salary scale. tax loopholes, eliminating the 50 per­ stated policy of opposition to the en­ ing to seek "more equitable" wage con­ The timing of the freeze is also par­ cent tax exemption on capital gains, tire freeze for all workers. trols through lobbying Congress. The ticularly unfair to teachers. Coming , and an "excess" profit tax. The official AFL-CIO position pa­ conference was addressed by prom­ on Aug. 15, just prior to the opening per on the freeze says that "where . . . inent figures in the Democratic Party. of school, it denies raises that were The next morning session seemed contractural provisions are impaired Delegates returned to their locals scheduled for September. Officials of like a preview of the 1972 Democratic and members suffer losses ... these with instructions to initiate letter­ the AFT have suggested that the ef­ Party convention. Presidential aspi­ contracts have been nullified by the writing campaigns to members of Con­ fective date of the freeze be extended rants Kennedy, McGovern and Jack­ president of the United States. Such gress and to start a drive to raise $1" to Sept. 15 to correct this injustice, son addressed the gathering, while contracts should be subject to renego­ million for the 1972 election cam­ although it is not clear how such jug­ messages were read from Humphrey tiation at the first opportunity." paigns. Many left the conference with gling of the freeze date would bene­ and various other members of Con­ the uneasy feeling that little had been fit others. gress. This passage is widely interpreted done to formulate an effective policy Thus, most of the questions raised While acknowledging in various as authorizing a possible wave of to fight the freeze, and that by con­ at the opening session dealt with these ways that teachers might suffer from strikes after the 90-day freeze expires centrating on teachers' salaries alone two aspects-increments and the ef­ certain "inequities," none of these poli­ on Nov. 13. Yet most delegates either the AFT was isolating teachers from fective date-rather than the wage ticians opposed the wage freeze. Sen­ placed blind faith in the ability of the other workers. freeze as it affects the working class ator Ellender, Dixiecrat from Louisi­ AFT to obtain favorable legislation At the opening session of the confer­ as a whole. On the following day, it ana, was the most for.thright in main­ and administrative rulings between ence, two representatives of the Office was these same two issues that were taining that the freeze "is a darn good now and then, or they expressed a of Emergency Preparedness were stressed in lobbying with members of thing and should have come long deep cynicism about the effectiveness grilled by the conference participants. Congress. ago." of any action after Nov. 13. They Since Aug. 15, this agency has been While delegates went off to lobby implicitly recognized that it is futile issuing various "interpretations" of the On the first evening, Andrew Bel­ Congress, AFT President Selden met to take the employers on one at a president's order. By the time of the miller, legislative representative of the with the Cost-of-Living Council that time and that a response to Nixon"'S conference, it was clear that teachers AFL-CIO, addressed the conference. afternoon. He returned to report to attack on the entire working class will would be hit particularly hard in two He admitted that the AFL-CIO, along the conference and the press that the have to involve all unions on a na­ respects. with the liberal wing of the Demo- council had agreed to reconsider the tionwide level. By Any Means Necessary The boycott of Budweiser, Michelob, and Busch Bavarian beers continues. The finding such acute frustration and such volatile anger as we found among boycott is being organized by the Black Brewery Workers of Newark. These the Blacks. . . . " The revelations of this tour forced the Pentagon to issue a workers are among the 75 Black and Puerto Rican employees at the Newark few perfunctory statements denouncing racial discrimination. And later on, plant of the Anheuser-Busch company. This plant, which operates in a city the brass even went so far as to dsicipline some high ranking officers for letting that is officially 60 percent Black and 10 percent Puerto Rican, has a labor the racial situation get out of hand. force that is 80 percent white! Then, in March and April of this year, Render and a team of others visited This blank-out of the oppressed nationalities is effected through a system of U.S. garrisons in Japan, Okinawa, Korea, and the Philippines. Render re­ book workers and temporary workers. Anheuser-Busch requires that new em­ lated at an early August press conference, "We gathered the impression from ployees hired as temporary workers work 225 consecutive days- not includ­ the behavior of some of the men that the conditions that affected them were ing weekends- to get a book. Thereafter, he or she is assured of permanent so overwhelming that it was producing a verbal paralysis. We encountered employment, starting at $6.23 an hour. This is almost two dollars more than Marines who, while attempting to tell us what was wrong, burst out in tears." what temporarie& get. This disclosure went too far. It made shambles of armed forces propaganda This 225-day period amounts to working for almost one year before be­ about young men experiencing "Fun, Travel, and Adventure." It came at a coming a permanent employee. And according to spokesmen from the BBW, time when the overseers of the "green machine" were trying to refurbish their if a worker. misses one or two days the cycle has to be repeated all over again. sagging and sinking public image. They said that for white workers, the average time for getting a book is one The Pentagon's response to "uppity" Black Gls is to give them an imme­ year to 15 months. But for Black and Puerto Rican workers, this average diate dishonorable discharge. The same measure was applied to, Render be­ time is three years! Thus, this time factor and the pay differential between cause he let too much get out. However, Render being the liberal that he is, temporaries and book workers enables Anheuser-Busch to reap super-profits. did not have enough spine to link his "discharge" with that of the brothers The BBW was formed in June of last year to redress this situation. They below him. In fact, he seemed to enter a state of "verbal paralysis." went frrst to the New Jersey Division of Civil Rights. The NJDCR compiled information and evidence until October and then promised hearings on the In an attempt to quell subversion of "the green machine," the U.S. military matter the next year. has banned Sister Freda Payne's recording of "Bring The Boys Home" from Angered by the dilly-dallying and foot-dragging methods of the Division, the the Armed Forces Radio. Such action. is only indicative of how uptight the BBW got in contact with the Committee For a Unified Newark in January of brass has become. this year. This led to support from other community organizations such as the -DERRICK MORRISON Congress of African People-of which CFUN is a member organization-and Operation Breadbasket. When the Division slated hearings for April, these community organizations mobilized people to attend. After it became evident that the hearings were de­ signed to let off steam, not redress grievances, the BBW and its supporters called a press conference July 13 and announced a national boycott of An­ heuser-Busch products. The company fired several workers associated with the boycott. But this measure only helped fan the flames of discontent. Since the announcement of the boycott, brothers and sisters from CFUN and other organizations have staged marches in downtown Newark, stopping in stores to make known the boycott. At this point, Locals 843 and 153 of the Teamsters at Anheuser-Busch have refused to support the boycott or the struggles of Black workers against racism in the plant. Anheuser-Busch tried to cool-out the action in July by giving $10,000 to the Essex County Urban League to administer a summer jobs program for youth. But at the press conference at which it was presented, representatives from the BBW showed up and exposed the "gift" for what it was- a token gesture. The essential thrust of the demands of the BBW is that the company hire back workers frred for their activities in the boycott, and that Blacks and Puerto Ricans be hired and upgraded in proportion to their numbers in the city popu­ lation.

Frank W. Render II, the Bhick deputy assistant secretary of defense for equal opportunity, was forced out of his job by the Defense Department on Aug. 25. However, the Pentagon chose to obfuscate the matter by saying that it was not satisfied with Render's progress in the solution of racial problems within the armed forces. To further cloud the issue, it asked that NAACP legal counsel Nathaniel Jones- who headed up a team from that organization that investigated the complaints of Black Gls in West Germany-take Render's job. But the truth of the matter is that Render dug too deep, uncovered a little Struggle by Black Gls is on the rise. Here Gls in bit too much for the brass in the Pentagon. Render toured U.S. garrisons Vietnam honor Martin Luther King's birthday, in Europe last fall and in a subsequent report stated, "We did not anticipate Jan. 15, 1971.

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 17 all those accused under this frame-up pened. Although he had been Bandaranayake, a former member of· legislation. Reveal the truth about the fiercely beaten, Gorlov put in writ­ parliament; and Susil Siriwardena, a Quebec real conspiracy behind the October ing the purpose of his trip and all senior civil servant. crisis- the conspiracy of Trudeau and the circumstances. After that the sen­ While the Bandar anaike regime pro­ Bourassa. ior robber demanded that Gorlov ceeds against the rebel youth, there sign an oath of secrecy. Gorlov re­ are signs uf a rift appearing between frame-up the government and the Communist fused. "Then they set off for Moscow, and party. on the way the senior robber kept The CP has one minister in the gov­ charges telling Gorlov, 'If Solzhenitsyn finds ernment- the party's secretary-gen­ Soviet eral Pieter Keuneman. He fully sup­ out what took place at the dacha, it will be all over with you. Your ported the campaign against the official career- Gorlov is a candidate youth. dropped novelist of engineering sciences, has presented On August 28, the government an­ The following article, from the Aug. a doctoral dissertation for defense and nounced that it had decided to cease sending official statements to the CP's 23 issue of Labor Challenge, a revo­ works in the State Institute of Experi­ daily paper, because of criticisms of lutionary-socialist biweekly published protests mental Housing Design and Re­ the regime that had appeared in its in Toronto, is reprinted from tbe Sept. search-will go no further, you will columns. 13 issue of Intercontinental Press. not be able to defend any dissertation. This will affect your family and chil­ In late August Keuneman went to po~ice raid dren and, if necessary, we will put you The Quebec government has the Soviet Union, and shortly there­ From Intercontinental Press in prison.' after seventeen other members of the dropped- most of tbe remaining "Those who know our way of life charges laid last fall under the War In an open letter to the head of CP applied for Soviet visas- all for the Soviet political police, KGB, nov­ are aware that these threats can be "reasons of health" or "personal rea- Measures Act. Thirty-four of the ac­ realized. But Gorlov did not give in cused received the news August 14 elist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn has pro­ sons." . to them, refused to sign the pledge, by registered only formal tested an illegal search of his country The seventeen were denied visas, ~ail-the and now he is threatened with repri­ "announcemenf' the embarrassed Jus­ cottage and a brutal assault on a and rumors began to circulate that sal. tice ministry could muster itself friend of Solzhenitsyn's who acciden­ the CP was preparing to withdraw "I demand from you, Citizen Minis­ to make. The rest was a telling "no tally interrupted the search. support from the government. ter, the public identification of the rob­ comment" from Premier [Robert] The letter was written on August The September 2 issue of the Paris bers, their punishment as criminals Bourassa. 13, one day after the incident. It was daily Le Monde published a statement and an explanation of this incident. Both Trudeau and Quebec Justice addressed to KGB chief Yuri V. An­ by an unnamed CP spokesman deny­ "Otherwise I can only believe that Minister [Jerome] Chbquette were con­ dropov. The novelist also sent a copy ing that his party was considering you sent them." breaking with Bandaranaike. veniently out of the country. Pressed to Premier Aleksei N. Kosygin. In the copy of the letter sent to Ko­ "It is no secret that certain leaders by reporters' questions, the latter's Excerpts from Solzhenitsyn's protest sygin, Solzhenitsyn added that "unless of the party are now in the Soviet ministry finally issued a statement were reported from Moscow by Ber­ the Government of the U.S.S.R. had Union, but only for medical treat­ saying that the expiry of the Public nard Gwertzman in the August 15 a part in these actions of Minister ments, not for secret discussions." Order Act made it difficult to continue New York Times. Andropov, I will expect an investi­ judicial procedures. "For many years," Solzhenitsyn gation." No further charges are pending wrote to Andropov, "I have borne against three of the leading defendants in silence the lawlessness of your According to a report by Bernard -Michel Chartrand, Robert Lemieux, employees, the inspection of all my Gwertzman in the September 10 New and Charles Gagnon. But Pierre Val­ correspondence, the confiscation of York Times, Solzhenitsyn received a lieres, now seriously ill, still faces a half of it, the search of the homes telephone call from a colonel in the charge of seditious conspiracy and and the official and administrative KGB after lie sent his letter to Andro­ Ceylon Jacques Larue-Langlois is charged persecution of my correspondents, pov. The KGB spokesman, Gwertz­ with assault and membership in the the spying around my house, the man reports, claimed that the assault Front de Liberation du Quebec [FLQ shadowing of visitors, the tapping of on Gorlov was "the mistake" of local policemen and that the KGB was not offers aid -Quebec Liberation Front], even telephone conversations, the drilling involved. "The colonel said, accord­ though the FLQ is no longer an il­ of holes in ceilings, the placing of ing to the novelist's friends, that the legal organization since the expiry of recording apparatus in my city apart­ local police were staking out the dacha the Public Order Act. ment and at my cottage, and a per­ to Yahya in the expectation that it would be The withdrawal of charges marks sistent slander campaign against me from speakers' platforms whtm they burglarized and mistook Mr. Gorlov a further victory for the mass move­ for a criminal." ment in both Quebec and English Can­ are offered to employees of your Khan ada that developed in opposition to ministry. From Intercontinental Press these witch-hunt trials and the Trudeau "But after the raid yesterday, I will Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandara­ government's repressive legislation. no longer be silent." naike wrote a letter to Yahya Khan The governments concerned have been Solzhenitsyn said that he had been some weeks ago inquiring if the ser­ utterly incapable of sustaining their ill in Moscow and had asked a friend, vices of the Ceylon government could claims of "apprehended insurrection" Aleksandr Gorlov, to go to the novel­ 14,400 be used "to ease tensions resulting from last October. Five hundred were ar­ ist's cottage in the village of Rozh­ the general situation in East Pakistan rested, but most of them were later destvo to get a part for his car. When and the proposed trial of Awami released. All five of fourteen persons Gorlov arrived, ·he found the cottage League leader Mujibur Rahman," ac­ occupied by some ten men hi civilian have been cording to a report in the September charged with seditious offenses who have come to trial have been acquit­ clothes. He asked them for their iden­ 2 Ceylon News: ted. Six of the seven persons tried tification cards. "There has been a positive response for membership in the FLQ have been "On command of the senior officer arrested from Pakistan's president who, it is acquitted. - To the woods with him! - Silence understood, has said he would wel­ As defense lawyer Bernard Mergler him!- they bound Gorlov, knocked come any concrete proposals from stated, "Probably in every single one him down, and dragged him face Ceylon to ease tensions," the Ceylon of the cases that has been dropped down into the woods and beat him in.Ceylon News continued. viciously. Simultaneously, others The newspaper indicated that Ban­ the accused would have been acquit­ From Intercontinental Press ted." were running by a circuitous route daranaike would reply within the week The Citizens' Commission of In­ through the bushes to their car, car­ An indication of the extent of the to the butcher of the Bangla Desh witch-hunt unleashed by the Ceylon quiry into the War Measures Act, slat­ rying packages, papers, objects (per­ masses. Bandaranaike's views are as government of Sirimavo Bandaranai­ ed to hold itS first press conference haps also a part from the apparatus follows, according to the same source: ke last April appeared in the August in Ottawa August 19, now has before they had brought themselves). "It is understood that while Ceylon "However, Gorlov fought back vig­ 14 ·issue of the FarEastern Economic feels that the situation in Pakistan is it the most damning indictment of all Review. - orously and yelled, summoning wit­ basically an internal matter, there are -the evidence of judicial conspiracy B. H. S. Jayewardene reported from nesses. Neighbors from other garden certain humanitarian aspects to the against democratic rights by Ottawa Colombo that 14,400 people have plots came running in response to problem, such as the question of ref­ and Quebec City. been arrested since the beginning of his - shouts and barred the robbers' ugees and resultant difficulties, that The slate is not yet clean. What April. Most of these are "educated un­ must be taken note of. This situation way to the highway and demanded about Come Leblanc, behind bars for employed, peasants, and a few hun­ has caused a threat to peace in the their documents. -Then one. of the rob­ "promoting the aims of the FLQ" (he dred teachers and university students." region and Ceylon feels that definite distributed leaflets outside a high bers presented a red identification Home Affairs Minister Felix Dias steps should be taken to arrive at a school)? And Fran~ois Mercier who card and the neighbors let them pass. Bandaranaike has estimated that 5,- solution to the present problems." was ]ailed in Granby for "membership "They led Gorlov, his face mutilated 000 of those arrested will be tried A fitting climax to this bit of po­ in the FLQ"? What about the jail sen­ and his suit torn to ribbons, to for offenses ranging from murder and litical theater would be a letter from tences for "contempt of court" meted the car. Fine methods you have, he treason to unauthorized possession of Yahya Khan to .Bandaranaike dis­ out to Michel Chartrand and Jean said to those who led him. We are on arms and ammunition. creetly noting that while it was "basi­ Boisjoly when they protested the un­ an operation and we can do any­ Jayewardene named three figures in cally an internal matter," still the mas­ just proceedings? thing, he was told." the Lanka Sarna Samaja party ( LSSP sacre of Ceylon's youth recently cotl.­ The sentences against Leblanc and Led by a Captain Ivanov, the - one of the parties of the ruling coa­ ducted by the Ceylonese prime min­ Mercier must be revoked. The con­ agents took Gorlov to the local po­ lition) who have been implicated as ister was not without "certain humani­ tempt sentences must be reversed. lice station. being directly involved in· the rebel­ tarian aspects" which had led him to Drop all proceedings against Larue­ "Then Ivanov asked Gorlov for a lion: Vasudeva Nanayakkara, a ask how his services could be utilized Langlois and Vallieres. Compensate written explanation of what had hap- youth league leader of the party; S. D. "to ease tensions."

18 "Washington's sense of crumbling in the military being made known to Hanoi which amounted to situation was heightened when Saigon's army suf­ nothing less than a demand to surrender; the ad­ fered a 'highly visible' setback in a ferocious bat­ ministration was well aware that forcing such a This is the fifth in a series of articles on the top­ tle at Binhgia, southeast of the capital, betWeen surrender would require intense military pressure. secret Pentagon papers revealed by the New York Dec. 26 and Jan. 2 [1964-65]. Vietcong guerrlllas The Times describes the administration think­ Times. The series is reviewing the history of the . nearly destroyed two South Vietnamese battalions. ing behind one of the bombing "pauses." These Indochina war and The Militant's coverage of "'All evidence pointed to a situation in which were always presented to the American and in­ the war. a final collapse of the GVN [South Vietnamese ternational public as "peace seeking attempts." By DICK ROBERTS government] appeared probable and a victorious "As [Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara] National Liberation Front guerrlllas attacked a consolidation of VC power a distinct possibility,' and Assistant Secretary of Defense McNaughton U.S. military compound at Pleiku, South Vietnam, the [Pentagon] narrative says." envisioned it, the pause would be used as a kind Feb. 6, 1965. The Pentagon papers describe Wash­ 2) The bombing attack on North Vietnam was of 'ratchet,'- which the [Pentagon] analyst likens ington's reaction: launched in the hope of blackmailing Hanoi into to 'the device which raises the net on a tennis "The first flash from Saigon about the assault exerting pressure on the South Vietnamese revolu­ court, backing off the tension between each phase came on the ticker at the National Military Com­ tionaries to surrender. There was no significant of increasing it.' mand Center at the Pentagon at 2:38 p.m., Satur­ "infiltration" of North Vietnamese troops to the "All the high officials who debated the pause day, Feb. 6, Washington time. South. As just stated, the guerrlllas themselves, in bombing assumed it would be temporary," the "It triggered a swift, though long-contemplated with wide support among the populace, were close study declares. "Throughout this discussion it was presidential decision to give an 'appropriate and to toppling the Saigon military clique in the early taken for granted that bombing would be-resumed." fitting' response. part of 1965. "The officials .•.. believed the bombing would "Within less than 14 hours, by 4 p.m. Sunday, The most cynical statement of this blackmail- be resumed, the narrative adds, because they knew that the conditions they had set for a permanent halt were tougher than Hanoi could accept." (Em­ pasis added.) Pentagon papers 4) Washington strategists also knew that crush­ ing the Vietnamese revolution would take a long time and be tremendously costly in terms of Amer­ ican lives. In July 1965, "The major participants in the decision knew the choices and understood the consequences," the Pentagon report states. VietnaiD escalation The Times continues, "The decision taken in mid­ July to commit 44 battalions of troops to battle in South Vietnam 'was perceived as a threshold­ entrance into an Asian land war. The conflict sparks growth of was seen to be long, with further U.S. deploy­ ment to follow.'" In November 1965, McNamara wrote a memor­ antiwar movement andum to Johnson asking to raise the troop level from 180,000 to 400,000, as requested by the military leadership. McNamara stated: "We should be well aware that deployments of the kind I have recommended will not guarantee success. U.S. kllled-in-action can be expected to reach 1,000 a month.... " The Times records that three months later, "At a news conference on Feb. 26, 1966, the presi­ dent said, 'We do not have on my desk at the moment any unfilled requests from General West­ moreland.' There were 235,000 American soldiers in South Vietnam at the time." 5) The top leaders of the government knew that their objective-a long, bloody war against an indigenous revolution and in support of a military dictatorship -would not be acceptable to the Amer­ ican people, if the American people knew about it. The Pentagon papers underline the conscious effort of the politicians in charge to dupe the peo­ ple. They show that lying is not a secondary aspect of imperialist foreign policy but crucial to success. According to the Times series, the first intelli­ gence report of regular North Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam appeared in April 1965: "A International Days of Protest march in New York, in October 1965. memorandum by the CIA on April 21, 1965, 're­ flected the acceptance into the enemy order of bat­ tle of one regiment of the 325th PAVN [People's Vietnam time, 49 U.S. Navy jets ... had pene­ bombing strategy cited by the Times is a remark Army of Vietnam] division said to be located in trated a heavy layer of monsoon clouds to de­ made by Maxwell Taylor, U.S. ambassador to Kontum province.'" This unit was said to number liver their bombs and rockets on North Vietnam­ Saigon, in April 1965. Taylor contended that "The 500-600 North Vietnamese soldiers. ese barracks.... U.S. did not want 'to klll the hostage.' There­ It is worth considering! Eisenhower ordered U.S. "The drastic U.S. action, long on the military fore Hanoi and environs remained on the restricted Special Forces to conduct sabotage against the planners' drawing boards ... precipitated a rap­ [bombing]list." North Vietnamese in May 1954- one decade and idly moving sequence of events that transformed To destroy Hanoi would remove the threat. 11 months earlier. Kennedy escalated U.S. troop the character of the Vietnam war and the U.S. Thus, while publicly insisting that it was bombing levels in South Vietnam from about 600 to about role in it." only military targets in North Vietnam, the Pen­ 16,000- to oppose "North Vietnam's efforts to This initiated Washington's massive bombing tagon was actually hitting civilian centers in order take over your [Ngo Dinh Diem's] country." [See campaign against North Vietnam. Ultimately more to increase the murderous pressure on the Hanoi The Militant, Aug. 6, 1971.] Johnson ordered tons of explosives were dropped on the Indochi­ leadership to betray the revolution in the South. bombs against North Vietnam to retaliate against nese subcontinent by U.S. aircraft than were used Washington's intelligence agencies informed the a guerrilla attack on Pleiku. In February 1965, by all belligerents in the entire Second World War. top authorities. of the actual bombing results, ac­ there were 235,000 "regular" U.S. forces in South A month after Pleiku, U.S. troops were ordered cording to the Times. "In January 1967, the Pen­ Vietnam. to land at Danang- the first explicitly to be la­ tagon account discloses, the CIA produced a study The Pentagon papers also reveal that at the beled "combat troops" by Washington spokesmen. estimating that military and civilian casualties of time this CIA intelligence report was issued, in The total U.S. force in Southeast Asia grew from the air war in North Vietnam had risen from February 1965, "the State Department published 23,000 at the end of 1964 to 536,000 at the peak 13,000 in 1965 to 23,000 or 24,000 in 1966 a white paper entitled 'Aggression from the North,' in 1968. U.S. casualties grew from 147 killed -'about 80 percent civilians.' In all, that meant asserting that North Vietnam was responsible for and 522 wounded at the end of 1964 to 55,213 nearly 29,000 civilian casualties in an air war the war in South Vietnam and that Hanoi had kllled and 301,456 wounded by September that was to expand in the next 15 months." infiltrated more than 37,000 men." of 1971. Uncounted mlllions of Indochinese peo­ 3) The objective of the escalated war was mili­ ples were kllled and wou~ded. tary defeat of the South Vietnamese revolution. The antiwar movement But in late-1971, this slaughter stlll continues. Washington strategists already had long experience In the next four years, two factors undermined Its end is not in sight. with the Vietnamese revolution by 1965. In the Washington's plans to crush the revolution Crucial aspects of Washington's decision to early 1950s, they had urged the French to press in South Vietnam, forcing Johnson to back down launch a major war in Vietnam were unknown towards a military victory; in 1955-64 they had from the policy of unlimited escalation in mid- to the American people in 1965. provided a series of puppet dictators in Saigon 1968, to greatly reduce the bombing of North 1) The precipitating factor in the decision to with the military aid, advice, and increasing num­ Vietnam, and to open the Paris negotiations. escalate was the imminent collapse of the puppet bers of U.S. troops in the hope of crushing the These two factors were the implacable resistance regime in Saigon. "The political turmoil in Sai­ guerrllla insurgency in a "limited war." The de­ of the Vietnamese on the battlefield and the un­ gon," according to the New York Times summary cision in 1964-65 was to attempt to smash the precedented growth of an antiwar movement dur­ of the Pentagon papers," appears 'to have been revolutionaries outright by massive direct U.S. ing a major war. The imperialists' war policies interpreted in Washington as an impending sell­ military force in a major ground and air war. demanded that the American people believe a whole out' to the National Liberation Front. Fear in­ Thus every pretension of the administration that series of lies; but the antiwar movement was able creased that a neutralist coalition government it was "seeking peace" was completely phony. Be­ more and more to bring out the truth about the would emerge and invite the United States to leave. hind the so-called peace offers, secret terms were Continued on page 21

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 19 In Review Books Film The Life of a Useless Man by Maxim Gorki. Doubleday. New York, 1971 240 pp. $6. 95. . The Life of a Useless Man depicts the Russian revolution of 190ti as seen through the eyes of a czarist spy. Recently translated into English for the first time, it was written in 1907 but re­ m ained unpublished until the October 1917 rev­ olution. Gorki's novel captures the listless resignation and fear that dominated the lives of the Russian peasants and urban workers at the beginning of the twentieth century. In such a repressive atmo­ sphere, people were reduced to torturing and be­ traying each other. They seem almost like insects struggling in a barren environment to stay alive. And yet there is some hope hidden deep inside: "Don't worry, it won't last forever." The few who do begin to speak out, to protest and to organize, are discovered. They befriend thefrightened Yevsey Klimkov, who admires them, but who is compelled to turn them in simply in order to stay alive himself. The events of Bloody Sunday (Jan. 9, 1905) put an end to that era. As the revolutiona'ry forces gain in strength, Yevsey notes the changes that come over the people he passes in the street. They feel a sense of their own power- reflected in the way they walk, the way they hold their bodies A documentary written and directed by Saul the triumph of the revolution are presented in erect, the way they speak operily in the street. glimpses. This is one of the film's weaker aspects. In contrast, the spies become confused, less willing Landau. New Yorker Films. The glimpses we are given- especially on Black to carry out their assignments. Many, including and female liberation- are in some cases mis­ Yevsey, are sympathetic to the revolution, and In 1968, Saul Landau set out to produce a filmed leading. some even join in the struggle for social change. biography of the prime minister of the Cuban In view of the fact that there has been no com­ Yevsey, who sees the fierce face of the counter~ Revolutionary Government, Fidel Castro Ruz. prehensive film of quality on the Cuban reyolu­ revolution destroying his own hope of escape from Using a flashback technique, he attempts to show tion, that the Cubans themselves have not yet his life as a spy, hurls himself under the wheels that the fabric of the personality of Fidel and written a history of how they made the revolu­ of a train. the history of Cuba are woven of the same thread. tion or on the even~s of the past 11 years, and Gorki's portrayal of this human cockroach is Landau achieves this primary objective. We get that growing numbers of young supporters of a clear picture of what Fidel is like, what his convincing. But the most significant aspect of the the Cuban revolution have grown up since 1959, novel is its description of the dynamism and dig­ thinking is. We see the Fidel who has been in the it would seem important for Landau to present· forefront of every important battle the Cuban peo­ nity exhibited by people who move toward taking his subject matter with the utmost clarity. This ple have had to fight up to now- whether it be power for themselves. against U. S.-paid ·mercenaries in the 1961 Bay he does not always do. -'DIANNE FEELEY of Pigs invasion or against Hurricane Flora in For instance, one of the most misleading scenes 1963. We see the tremendous rapport and free­ is one in which an English teacher has his class flowing communication that exists between Fidel repeat the sentence, "The boys dig the coffee holes After the and the Cuban people. and the girls fill the coffee bags." This scene pre­ Much of the film was shot while traveling with sents only one side of the contradictory situation Fidel on one of his frequent trouble-shooting trips of Cuban women. For while it accurately reflects Revolution? around the island. Conversations about the Cuban the hangovers of sexism in Cuban society, it ig­ by Robert Dahl. Yale University Press. New people's aspirations take place against a back­ nores the fact that Cub an women today not only Haven, Conn., 7971. 166 pp. $2.45. ground of farmers plowing the fields with oxen, dig coffee holes, cut sugar cane, and carry out women scrubbing clothes by hand, wooden shacks, innumerable other back-breaking tasks in agri­ . Books by political "scientists" are often exercises dirt roads. The effect is sobering- but not depress­ culture on a par with men, but they can be found in confusion. This one is no exception. It borrows ing. For there is yet another pattern to Cuban in all sectors of society. Women outside of Cuba a whole lot of old ideas, puts on new labels, twists reality- as much a part of it as the ox-drawn who see Fidel cannot be expected to assume that the concepts a bit for the hell of it and then tries plow and the scrub sink- and that is the roads, they are only seeing one side of a contradiction; to pass them off as something new and profound. dams, schools, child-care centers, and hospitals they will probably assume that they are seeing Twenty years ago Dahl wrote Who Governs?, in that the Cuban people have managed to construct the whole story. which he "discovers" a phenomenon he calls "poly­ despite their great lack of material resources. Up to 1959, Cuban women were made to feel archy"- what Marx named class democracy more The film's emphasis is on the problems the Cu­ deep shame if they left their homes unaccompanied than 100 years ago. Now Professor Dahl has ban people face. There is an obvious attempt to -in some cases, even to go shopping. The gains pulled together a random sample of some more try to bring home to those outside of Cuba a Cub an women have made with the revolution are appropriated ideas, toasted them. a bit for good enormous and women are shouldering a heroic touch of what it means to make a revolution in measure, and sprinkled them throughout the pages part of the burden of revolutionary tasks. a former one-crop colony. The honesty with which of his book. In Fidel, Landau has recorded some very im­ this is done is one of the film's strongest points. There is much dwelling on pompous notions like portant statements that enable us to better under­ a Criterion of Personal Choice, a Criterion of Com­ Throughout our travels with the leader of the stand how Fidel (and many of the Cuban leaders) revolution to some of the poorest areas of the petence, and aCriterion of Economy. Thereisheavy approaches the tasks of making and carrying out island, however, one question keeps cropping up: borrowing from James Burnham's The Manage­ a revolution. When Fidel is asked why he never rial Revolution. By the end Dahl has not really Given the enormous problems the country faces, kept a diary, he answers that diaries get lost, committed himself to anything of substance. The how are things organized so that in between Fi­ and that he was never a big one for history any­ del's trips, progress will be made toward solving reader is even left wondering if he understands way1 but rather for action. This pragmatic down­ them? Are Fidel's visits the only direct way peo­ such a basic question as the difference between ple have to voice their views on what is wrong playing of theory in favor of action (symbolized capitalism and socialism. and to get some action? in Cuba by the cartoon of the guerrillero picking For a sophomoric handling of an abundance The scene where this question is most sharply up the gun and throwing a book over his shoul­ of ideas, read this book. posed is one where Fidel stops along a country der) has not proven at all helpful to revolution­ - GARRET ORMISTON road to talk to an older woman from a nearby aries anywhere- be they from Latin America or village. They have a very warm conversation. Oakland, Calif. · She brings up a number of serious problems, Among the other important subjects touched on Fidel promises to do something about them as by Fidel are the role of the guerrilla movement soon as he can, and then he drives away. One in the Cuban revolution, the Afro-American strug­ feels as if one were left standing in the middle gle in the United States, and the relation between of the road with the woman, doubting that this the leaders and the masses in the revolution. It is the most efficient way for eight million people is Castro's candid comments on subjects such as to solve their problems. these that make Fidel a valuable and interesting The gains made by the Cuban people since film. -EVA CHERTOV

20 Nixon's Sept. 9 claim that he was say; she said, took six years to make by the Cape Cod PAC, formed just "winding down the war" as "a sham a mess out of New York, and now three and a half weekS earlier. Other of a lie." He called attention to a re­ "he aspires to make a mess out of the groups endorsing the adion were Viet­ cent article in the Washington Post country." Jenness also mentioned Lind­ nam Veterans Against the War, N.Y.SWP entitled "Post Vietnam Age Begins," say's decision to change his party af­ Martha's Vineyard SANE, the Student calling it a "cruel joke for the war flliation. "Lindsay can switch from a Mobilization Committee, the World victims," who are no more than statis­ Republican to a Democrat just as fast Federalists, Citizens fOJ: Participation launches tics in Pentagon flles. The SWP can­ as a New York City cockroach can in Politics, and the WILPF. didates, Gordon said, are builders of switch from one apartment to another." CCPAC already has plans under­ the antiwar movement and he urged Feminist playwright Myrna Lamb, way to build an Oct. 13. rally on 1972 • everyone to join the Nov. 6 demon­ author of the Mod Donna, and com­ Cape Cod and organize othe.r activi­ strations. poser Nicholas Meyers performed for ties to mobilize people from thi11 area campa1gn John Singleterry, a member of the the first time anywhere an excerpt f-or the Nov. 6 mass demonstration Young Socialist Alliance stationed at from a new opera Lamb is working in Boston. By CANDIDA McCOLLAM Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, related the impor­ on entitled Apple Pie. BROOKLYN, N. Y.-On Sept. 11, tance of the SWP presidential cam­ The total amount collected at the Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley, paign to G Is. He indicated that the rally to help finance the socialist cam­ Socialist Workers Party candidates for brass is attempting to discharge him paign was more than $1,4oo: president and vice-president, addressed from the Army on the' serious charge a rally of over 250 New Yorkers at that the YSA is an organization with Brooklyn College as the New York Louis "illegal" ends. He is fighting this at­ Sl SWP launched its 1972 election cam­ tempt. paign. SWP vice-presidential candidate An­ High school support for the SWP drew Pulley was given an enthusiastic . d socialist 1972 ticket was articulately expressed reception. Pulley, who had just arrived C C by David Keepnews, vice-president of from· campaign meetings in Chicago, ape ~ dies the student government at Dalton High called for the conviction of Mayor School, who allayed all doubts that Daley's crony, district attorney Ed­ ST LOUIS, Mo.- Robert Saunders 16 years old and younger is •"too ward Hanrahan, who has been in­ protest1s died Sept. 1· at the age of 78. He had young to be human." Keepnews, who dicted for conspiracy In the murder a long career as a political and trade:. was announced as the SWP candidate of Black Panther Fred Hampton. Pul­ union leader and he will be warmly for 66th State Assembly District, urged ley. said Hanrahan should be con­ remembered by all who knew him. support for Jenness and Pulley and en­ victed of murder, not merely conspir­ largest Bob first entered the labor move- couraged youthful campaigns like his acy to obstru'ct justice. He urged sup­ ment when as an itinerant worker he own. port for a public campaign to bring joined the Industrial Workers of the Joanne Tortorici; Student Mobiliza­ about Hanrahan's conviction. ever held World in his late teens. He became tion Committee activist and an orga­ Pulley also attacked the arrest of By NEIL DOBRO class cbnscious through his experi­ .nizer for Young Socialists for Jenness Rev. Charles Koen of the Cairo United HYANNIS PORT, Mass.-The larg­ ences in IWW strikes and free speech and Pulley (YSJP), condemned the ef­ Front in St. Louis, Mo., and he point­ est antiwar protest ever to occur in fights. Then in 1932 he joined the forts of the Democrats and Republi­ ed to the murder of Soledad Brother Cape Cod took place Aug. 27, the Socialist Party in which he became cans to derail the antiwar and femin­ George Jackson as yet another ex­ day tropical storm Doria hit the New a member of the St. Louis city cen­ ist movements and said, "We'll be vot­ ample of the racism in American so­ England Coast. More than 250 per­ tral committee and later of the Mis­ ing with our feet-marching in the ciety. He called for a community con­ sons marched down the main street souri state board. street to build our campaign." trolled investigation to uncover the of this resort town, demanding an He was not only acquiring political The initial list of SWP candidates real criminals in the murder. immediate end to U.S. intervention experience; he was studying the rev­ running in New York was announced Winding up a busy week of cam­ in Southeast Asia. olutionary classics and becoming well by Paul Boutelle, the SWP's 1970 can­ paigning, Linda Jenness, SWP presi­ Had the weather been different, the grounded in Marxist fundamentals~ didate from New York's 18th C. D. dential candidate, hit hard at capitalist action would have been significantly This led to his identification with the Besides Keepaews, they are: Stacey politicians. New York's Mayor Lind- larger. There was a pouring rain' all Trotskyist tendency within the party, Seigle, 20th C. D.; Peter Buch, 14th day until an hour before the march which in turn brought him under at­ C. D. in Brooklyn; Evan Cohen, 67th began at 8:30 p.m., and even many tack from the party's reformist wing. State Assembly District; and B. R. people who had worked to build the When the Trotskyists were expelled Washington, 18th C. D. in Harlem. demonstration assumed it was being from the SP, he became a founding Washington, a Black activist and called off and stayed home. March member of the Socialist Workers Par­ transit worker, ridiculed Lindsay's eu­ organizers were nevertheless pleased ty,· launched at the beginning of 1938. phemism for New York, "Fun City." with the turnout. Bob's trade-union role began in "For the masses of Blacks and Puerto Following the candlelight march 1933 when he joined the Carpenters Ricans living in rat-infested apart­ down Main Street, the marchers ral­ Union while working In a St. Louis ments, it's not 'Fun City,'" he stated. lied on the steps of the old Cape Cod lumber yard which he had taken the Washington called for Black and Puer­ Community College campus. Speak­ lead in organizing. Later he became to Rican control of Black and Puerto ers included Ruth W aid of the W om­ secretary-treasurer of Cabinet Makers Rican communities, review boards to en's International League for Peace Local 1596, a full-time post that he investigate the prisons, and massive and Freedom (WILJ,>F), former anti­ held for 20 years. He was also pres­ participation in the Nov. 6 antiwar war GI Joe Miles, Socialist Workers ident of the Carpenter's District Coun­ demonstrations by the Black commu­ Party candidate for Cambridge City cil across a similar time span. Several nity. Council, Don Gurewitz of the Greater years ago he retired from his trade­ Jerry Gordon, a coordinator of the Boston Peace Action Coalition, and union posts, and health problems pre­ National Peace Action Coalition, also Photo by Mork Sotinoff Barbara Raiz of Female Liberation. vented him from engaging in other addressed the rally and condemned B. R. Washington The action was the first organized forms of activity within the movement.

peace, religious or other organization which onstrations abroad. In Vancouver, Canada, 500 wanted to take part in the demonstration, and protesters marched on the U.S. consulate; over ... papers thousands of young people who did not belong 3,000 demonstrators demanded "U.S., Get out of to any organizations. Vietnam" in Brussels. Earlier in the year, mass Continued from page J 9 protests and teach-ins against the war had been

~- war and to mobilize mass demonstrations against 'International Days of Protesf held in Japan and Britain. it. In the next period, the various antiwar forces On Nov. 27, 1965, a march and rally in Wash­ "The Pentagon study notes," according to the came together in a series of conferences aimed at ington drew 35,000 participants. Times, "that the actual landing of 3,500 Marines forming a national antiwar organization which On the same weekend in Washington, the Na­ at Danang [in February 1965] had 'caused sur­ w6uld be able to coordinate actions against the tional Coordinating Committee called a second prisingly little outcry.' Secretary of State Rusk war. "International Days of Protest" for March 25-26, had explained on a television program the day A "Congress of Unrepresented People" meeting in 1966. These actions were significantly larger than . before the Marines came ashore that their mis­ Washington in August 1~65 established a "Na­ the demonstrations only a few months earlier, sion was solely to provide security for the air tional Coordinating Committee to End the War with some 50,000 to 100,000 people at the New base and 'not to kill the Vietcong.'" in. Vietnam" which was then headquartered in Mad­ York march and rally alone. More American cities But even before this, a demonstration was an­ ison, Wis. joined the list, and international demonstrations nounced which sparked the growth of the anti­ The Madison committee supported and helped were once again held, the biggest in Rome, Lon­ war movement. At the beginning of January, the publicize the fll'st national antiwar demonstration don, Oslo, Stockholm and Ottawa. Students for a Democratic Society called for a for October, an "International Days of Protest," The Pentagon papers reveal that as early as No­ . march, on Washington April 17, declaring that called by the Berkeley Vietnam Day Committee, vember 1965 the combined impact of a domestic "The war is fundamentally a civil war, waged to consist of marches and rallies in different cities. and international antiwar movement and terrific by South Vietnamese against their government; This October 1965 protest showed how rapidly military opposition to the U.S. attack by the Viet­ it is not a 'war of aggression.'" · the antiwar movement had grown and deepened namese revolutionaries caused top administration Twenty thousand demonstrators poured into just in the first seven months of Johnson's escalated officials to doubt the feasibility of the war plans Washington on April 17. A "National Teach-In" attacks on Vietnam. they had devised. · was held in Washington the next month, attracting In New York City, alone, 30,000 persons "Eight months after the American decision to 5,000 participants, which was piped onto over marched down Fifth Avenue Oct. 16. There were intervene with ground forces," states the Times, 100 campuses. And on May 21, a "Vietnam Dar" 15,000 marchers in Berkeley. Demonstrations were the secretary of defense warned President Johnson demonstration in Berkeley drew 15,000 student held in Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Seattle, Denver that the major new reinforcements he was approv­ protesters. and Pittsburgh, among other places. All told, some· ing,could 'not gaurantee success.'" These three demonstrations set the tone of the 75,000 to 100,000 took part in the October pro­ . Within .a year, McNamara's doubts had been new antiwar movement. They were nonexclusion­ test. transformed into active oppcisition to the policy ary, including participants from any political, The winternational Days" were supported by dem- of unlimited escalation.

THE MILITANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 21 tablish "law and order," and if any­ "The financing of studies on the fu­ The aHack body in Attica had to die fol' ture of a South Vietnam cut off from But as it turned out, all of the plans its achievement, ·then so be it. Rocke­ the North and part of an anti-Com­ laid the previous day went for naught. feller is callous, ruthless and brutal. munist Southeast Asia seems to indi­ Seale was stopped at a roadblock at To exact justice for the 32 inmates cate President Nixon's deter~ination around 8 a.m. Kunstler arrived at massacred and to defend those in­ to apply a program diametrically op­ 9H5 a.m., only to find the outside mates still alive, demonstrations, ral­ posed to that of the Provisional Rev­ gate to the prison locked. Police armed lies, moratoriums, and memorialmeet­ olutionary Government. This 'continu­ with shotguns were everywhere. Na­ ings are being organized throughout ity' in U.S. policy can only help to tional Guardsmen were driving up in the country. reduce still more the importance of trucks. Alm1g with this is the centrally im­ the Paris peace talks." The 1,000-member assault force en­ portant task of determining the full Calendar tered the prison going toward the lib­ unvar.nished truth about the massacre BOSTON erated areas after two huge CH-34 and bringing this before the public. BANGLA DESH-REVdLunON IN EAST PAKISTAN. helicopters dropped canisters of CS­ A broad national committee composed Speaker: MaA$ur Habib; E; Pokistord, si\Jd~nt active gas .in the liberated areas. At this of representatives from all the mass in Bangia Desh ,defense. Fri., Sept. 24, 8 p.m. 295 point, relatives of the hostages and movements- Black, Chicano, Puerto ... PLP Huntington Ave., Rm. 307. Donation: 51, h.s. students Continued from page J5 .s~e members of the committee broke Rican, women, GI, labor and antiwar 50 c. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. his .role in supporting President Y ahy a down in tears. A lot of reporters were -should be organized to carry out . · " CHICAGO Khan .in -1971 and his predecessor sad.-fa~ed and s.haken up. such an investigation. CRIMES AGAif':IST WOMEt... Po~el onOJysls of rope, Ayub Khan in 1968-69. The article Efforts to protest the Attica massacre A full public exposure of the facts forced sterili~otion a~ pro~titutjon. ·~ri., Sept. 24, states: "During the 1969 workers re­ 8 p.m. 180 N. Wacker Drive, Rm. 3iO, Great Lakes on Mond.ay i.Qcluqed a. rally of~everal · behind the rebellions and massacre bellion, Chou En-lai warmly wei~· Bldg (Wacker nr. Lake). Donation: 50 c. A11sp. Militant hundred,. dtii:ing' ,the' qay at the Uni­ would ,deal a heavy blow'againstthose Labor Forum. comed Pakistani army envoys in Pe-: r~ponsible for the slaughter- inchid­ versity of Buffalo, tmothel' one down· king. The Pakistani army guarded ing Rockefeller and Nixon-and help CLEVELAND town, and a gathering of over 2,000 government buildings from (rioting WHY FEMINISM IS REVOLUnONARY. Speaker: Cathy win broad public support for the just UB students on campus, sponsored masses) with Chinese-supplied tanks. Hinds, chairwoman Miami-Oxford Contraception Co­ by the student government, to listen demands of prisoners throughout this alition, member of Young Socialist ·Alliance. Fri., $ept. Today East Pakistani are being mas­ country. 24, 8 p.m. 4420 Superior Ave. Ph: 391-5553. Ausp. to Kunstler. sacred by the Chinese- as well as Debs Hall Forum. · A group of doctors and lawyers American and Soviet-bullets and led by Professor Schwartz tried to gain NEW YORK CITY rifles. This is the inevitable result of STRIKE NOV. 31 MARCH NOV._61 New York students. entrance to the prison on Tuesday relying on alliances with nationalist Help plan the biggest New York antiwar demonstration morning with a court order. They bosses rather than on the internation­ New York City has ever seen! Come to the first plan­ wanted to check out medical facilities al working class. . . ." ning meeting of the New York SI\Jdent Mobili~otion and also legal aid to the inmates. Committee. We will be discussing plans lor: .I' ... war The May 21 Challenge-Desafio re­ e Regional antiwar demonstration in New York City Despite the fact that reporters and poli­ Continued from page 3 ported the invitation of President Nix­ Nov.6 ticians were allowed inside the gates economy for the Asian Development on to China and began the analysis e Student strike Nov. 3 the previous evening during daylight, Bank. The U.S. State Department, it e Moratorium Od: 13 which led to PLP's. later designation Sunday, Sept. 26, I p.m. ISO Filth Ave., Rm. 843. this group was barred. And at a sub­ is believed, attaches great importance of China as capitalist. The article Volunteers needed. Free material ovoiloble-leollets, sequent hearing on Tuesday before to this report. states: "One easily can see that the buttons, stickers, posters. Call 7 41-1960. the same judge who issued the order "The one premise basic to all these Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution for their entrance, the prison author­ research projects is that South Viet­ NEW YORK: BROOKLYN (GPCR) which took 'place in China THE AmCA MASSACRE. A firsthand account. Speaker: ities hypocritically talked about the nam will in the future be a state sep­ in the _mid-1960s has been reversed." Derrick Morrison, stall writer lor The Militant. Fri., "dangers" of "booby traps" and "bombs" arate from the North, and integrated lt claims that Mao and Chou are Sept. 24, 8:30 p.m. 136 Lawrence St. (corner of Wil­ as the reason for barring Schwartz's in the free world's economy. working for a complete accommoda­ .loughby). Donation: 51, h.s. si\Jdents SOc. Ausp. Mili­ tant Labor Forum. group. The judge thereupon meekly "The Smithies report, which is ap­ tion with U. S. bosses. . . . " It predicts complied and denied entry to the parently not intended for publication, that the Chinese workers will punish NEWYORK:LOWERMANHAITAN group. favors wl}at it describes as the 'clearly "the Chous and his cronies." Foil Socialist Educational Series. 'The Fascist Uprising,' The National Medical Association, However, in these articles no full second of three classes on ihe Spanish Civil War by preferable' and 'feasible' solution of les Evans, the editor of the International Socialist a group of Black doctors claiming a restoration of security in a military analysis is given of the character of Review. Sunday, Sept. 26, I p.m. 706 Broadway (nr. 8,000 members, also asked yesterday context. But, adds the report, under the Chinese state. The evolution of Fourth St.), 8th floor. 50c per session, $3.00 lor com­ to be allowed inside the prison to in­ present conditions 'the best planning PLP's relationship with China takes plete series of eight classes. For more information, a qualitative turn in the Nov. PL coli 260-0976. Ausp. Socialist Workers Party. spect the medical facilities. assumption seems to be a military . The beatings and possible kJlliqgs stalemate or withering away of the with the designation of China as a PHILADELPHIA (the eight inmates "missing" could eas­ war, a process that can last for a capitalist state. ~ THE WAGE FREEZE AND THE lNTERNAnONAL COL· While revolutionary socialists liave LAPSE OF THE AMERICAN DOLLAR. Speaker: Dick ily turn ,up as deaths) going on in decade or more.' Attica right now are unfathomable, "There is no reference in this econ­ long criticized the reformist and class Roberts, stall writer lor The Militant. Fri., Sept. 24, collaborationist policies of the Chinese 8 p.m. 1004 Filbert St. (1 block north of Market). Dono­ since there is no access to the prison omist's flat, dispassionate report to lion: S1. Ausp. Militontlobor Forum. by the public. For the inmates, the the million or so soldiers who have Communist Party and the bureaucrat­ prison authorities have the last word. been killed, to the hundreds of thou­ ic deformation of the Chinese revolu­ tion, we consider: it a major error They are the judge, jury and prose­ sands of civilian casualties, and the to characterize China as a capitalist cutor. They control, except in times swarms of homeless refugees.... country. of revolt, all access of the inmates to "The high U.S. military budget for In the next article we will take up the outside world. ... Attica Vietnam this year, the failure to reply PLP's claim that China is no longer Continued from page 5 To show how much they care about to the PRG's seven-point peace plan, a workers state. half of the observer committee stayed the hostages, Rockefeller expressed the great increase in aid to the Pnom­ overnight Sunday in the prison. This surprise to find out that 30 had gotten penh regime, Washington's admitted was in unliberated areas. Other mem­ out alive. He didn't expect any of them violations of the Geneva agreements bers agreed to arrive early in the to live. And ensuring their lives was on Laos, are all sufficient proof that morning. not his purpose. He was out to es- the war is far from over yet. . . . Socialist Directory ALABAMA: University: YSA, P. 0. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activ>ties Office, York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212)663-3000. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o John Beadle, P.O. Box 750, Tempe, Ar· Campus Center, U of Moss., Amherst, Moss. 01002. NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, Box 2448, Chapel Hill, N.C. i~ono 85281. Tel: (602)968-2913. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 295 Huntington Ave., 27514. Tucson: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave., Tucson, -Ari~. 85705. Rm. 307, Boston, Mass. 02115. Tel: (617) 536-6981, 262-9688. OHIO: Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., PIHslield: YSA, c/o R. G. Pucko, 77 Euclid Ave., Pittsfield, Moss. 01201. Ohio44103. Tel: (216)391-5553. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. Worcester: YSA, Box 1470, Clark U, Worcester, Moss. 01610. Socialist Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Oaremonl: YSA, c/o Mark Neithercut, Story House, Claremont Men's Workers Campaign '71, P. 0. Box 97, Webster Sq. Sto., Worcester, Moss. 45387. College, Claremont, Calif. 91711. 01603. OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 4888 W. Amo~on, Eugene, Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107.1/2 N. Western Ave., los Angeles, MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P. 0. Box 408, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107. Ore. 97405. Tel: (503)342-7076. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hoii,3737Woodword Ave., Detroit, Portland: YSA, c/o Vol Moller, 1944 N.W. Johnson, Room 103, Port­ Sacramento: YSA, c/o Mark Lampson, 2307-A 24th Ave., Socrom-to, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE1-6135. land, Ore. 97209. Calif. 95822. , East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. 2338 Market St., Son Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and Labor Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O. Box 117, Annex Sto., Prov­ San Diego: SWP, P.O. Box 15111, Son Diego, Calif. 92115. YSA, P.O. 1 University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) 2nd II., Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) 332- idence, R.I. 02901. Tel: (401) 863-3340. Box 15186, Son Diego, Calif. 92115. 7781. . TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, c/o Mike Lemonds, P.O. Box 8641, Uni­ MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ versity Sto., Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1100 Champa souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rood, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Tel: TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 5586, West Austin Station, St., Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-9505. Bookstore open Mon.­ (816) 924-3714. Austin, Texas 78703. Sot., 10:30 o.m.-7 p.m. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 Lyons Ave., Hous­ FLORIDA: JOC:ksonville: YSA, P.O. Box 8409, Arlington Branch, Jackson­ 03824. . ton, Texas, 77020. Tel: (713) 674-0612. ville, Flo. 32211. NEW JERSEY: Wayne: YSA, c/o Clyde Magorelli, William-Paterson San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, Son Antonio, Texas 78202. Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Brett Merkey, 814 California St., Tallahassee, College of N.J., 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, N.J. 07470. UTAH: logon: YSA; c/o Doyne Goodwin, 855 North 7th St. East, Logon, Flo. 32304. Tel: (904)222.Sn6. NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, P. 0. Box 1389, Horpur College, Bing: Utah 84321. Tampa: YSA, P.O. Box 9133, Tampa, Flo. 33604. Tel: (813) 228-4655. homton, N.Y. 13901. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 2000 P St. NW, Rm. 413, Wash., GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. (3rd floor), Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (ot Willoughby), Brooklyn, D.C., 20036. Tel: (202)833-9560. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. WASHINGTON: Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N.E., IlliNOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wocker Dr., Long Island: YSA, P. 0. Box 357, Roosevelt, l.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) SeoHie, Wash. 98105. Hrs. 11 o.m ..S p.m., Man-Sot. Tel: (206) 523-2555. Rm. 310, Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: (312)641-0147. FR9-0289. WISCONSIN: La Crosse: YSA, Box 157, La Crosse, Wis. 54601. DeKolb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, DeKolb, New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Madison: YSA, 202 W. Gilman, Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 256- Ill. 60115. Tel: (815) 753-0510 (day); (815) 758-2935 (night). Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-8214. 0857. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o John Heilers, West University Apts. Lower Manhotton: SWP, YSA and. Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway Milwaukee: YSA, UWM Student Union, 2200 E. Kenwood Blvd., Mil­ •22, Indiana U, Bloomington, Ind. 47401, (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP-(212)982- waukee, Wis. 53211. Tel: (414) 332-9424. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Mary Bee, 402 Yorkshire, lawrence, . 6051, YSA- (212) 260-0976, Merit Books-(212)982-5940. Oshkosh: YSA, 440 Bowen St., Oshkosh, Wis. 54901. Tel: (414) 233- Kon. 66044. Tel: (913)843-8083. Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New 2145.

22 Classified Forums on Nixon's New Ec0 n.omi~ Policy ond the beginning of the second world depression: e SUNY at Stoney Brook, Tues., Sept. 21, Rm. 104C. Contact Tony Van Zuaren. Ph: (516) 246-5701. e Brockport Stale University and the University of Rochester. Oct. 4. Contact Rochester labor CommiHee. Ph: 24,4-3675 or 442-4761. e Queens College forum. Tues., Sept. 28, _1 p.m. Social Science 371. e New York City forum. Sept. 30, 7:30 p.m. 517 SUBSOIIBE TO Hamilton Hall, Columbia-University. Speakers will in- clude'L.eiOohnson. · • Boston forum. Fri., Sept. 24, 7:30 p.m. Old Cam· bridge Baptist Church, near Harvard Square. - Forums sponsored by Nat'l Caucus of labor Com­ miHees.

-· lctVIctW

IN THE SEPT. ISSUE GOVERNMENT BY BEDEl!: WBA! THE PENTAGON \Uces PAPERS REVEAL by Dick Roberts WHY THE DEMOOBATS ABE STALKING THE from YOUTH VOTE by Laura Miller THE PALESTINE OF TOMORROW by Nabil Sba'ath YSA. Prison CHOMSKY'S OASE FOB CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE • • by Barry Bi~g . JOIR. .tlOMING IN THE OOT. ISSUE NIXON'S WAGE· FREEZE by Les Evans SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY t972 PRESIDENTIAL now. ELECTION CAMPAIGN by Laura Miller CHICANA LIBERATION by Mirta Vidal

CLIP AND MAIL TO: INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW, 14 CHARLES LANE, bf Et~rdgeKn~ht NEW YORK, N.Y. l 0014 0 I WANT TO JOIN THE YSA "The warden said to ------­ 0 I WOULD UKE MORE INFORMAnON other day 0 ENCLOSED IS S1.00 FOR SPECIAL THREE MONTH lt~TRODUCTORY OFFER 0 ENQOSED IS .75 FOR •INTRODUCTION THE YOUNG SOCIAUST ALUANC!" (innocently, I think), 0 ENCLOSED IS S5.00 FOR ONE YEAR (11 ISSUESI etheridge, NAM~------~------~----- why come the black boys ADDRES·ll------ADDRESS.------CITY STATE ______run off C::ITY------Zl~ PHONE I ike the white boys do?" QIP AND MAIL TO YSA, BOX::-4-:::7,.,-1 ~coo=PE=R ~~A~TE~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiziP------CTa••na.~ NY, NY 10003 t lowered my jaw and scratch my head and said (innocently, I th Calendar and Classified ad rates: 75c "Well, suh, per line of 56-character-wide type­ I ain't for sure, but I reckon it' written copy. Display ad rates: $10.00 per column inch ($7 .50 if camera-ready cause Abbonatevi a ad is enclosed). Payment must be in­ we ain't got no wheres to ru cluded with ads. The Militant is pub­ to." ---· - - ·lnterco_ntinental Press lished each weelr on Friday. Deadlines 192 pp., $5.95, paper $i.45, for ad copy: Friday, one weelr preced­ That's the way they say it in Italy. Right to the point. Subscribe ing publica-tion, lor Classified and dis­ PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 WEST ST., to Intercontinental Press! play ads; Wednesdaynoon, two days NEW YORK, N. V. 10014 preceding publication; for calendar ads. If they think you're hesitating, they explain: Intercontinental Press e l'unica pubblicazione periodica che fornisce informazioni e analisi accurate sui movimento operaio e rivoluz.ionario in­ ternazionale. il, you're still hesitating, this is the English: Intercontinental - '>'rpfiss is the only periodical publication that furnishes information 'De ting$ ,- and accurate analyses on the international workers' and revo- is sinking. To find out what economic laws govern the present lutionary movement. • monetary crisis, and how this crisis is deepening, read the . Marxist critique of capitalism. Intercontinental Press P------­ 0. Box 116 AN INTRODUCTION TO MARXIST ECONOMIC THEORY Village P. 0. Station by Ernest Mandel One of the most concise expositions of basic economic prin­ New York, N.Y. 10014 ciples by a Marxist, this introduction sketches in the major developments in capitalist economics since 1929. Mandel dis­ Name ______~------cusses the tendency toward permanent inflation, the techno­ logical revolution, and the importance of the military budget. Street ______paper $1.00

City ______State _____ Zip _____ MARXISM IN OUR TIME by Leon Trotsky In 1939 Trotsky took up the criticisms of those who crontended ) Enclosed is $7.50 for 26 issues. . that capitalism has the flexibility to solve its own contra­ ) Enclosed is $15.00 for one year. dictions. He summarized Marx's basic method and analysis, ) Please send a sample copy. discussed its validity in the context of 20th century imperial­ ism dominated by the U. S., and concluded that one of the deepest signs of capitalist decay is the inability of capitalists to have faith in the future of their own system. 66¢ PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014

THE MIUTANT/ SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 23 THE MILITANT New developments Campaign to convict !.I!L!!!!~s, M~~!!:. !!~~~ Hanrahan launched SAN FRANCISCO-Motions to dis- tion to suppress evidence gained By STEVE CLARK quashed before it reaches the court­ miss Angela Davis' case and to delay through illegal searches, and finally, C:f!ICAGO, Sept. 14- Representatives room. Hanrahan has refused to leave the trial now set for Sept. 27 were a motion to change the location of of six organizatiO!J.S met here Sept. his position as state's attorney pend­ both denied' last week by superior the trial to another county. 8 to map out a campaign to demand ing his trial in spite of strong public court Judge Richard Arnason. The de- There was a significant development that the murderers of Black Panther sentiment for him to do so. nial of a previous motion to grant in the case of Davis' former co-defen- leaders Fred Hampton and Mark Without authorization from the bail to Davis was upheld by the Cal- dant Ruchell Magee on Friday, Sept. Clark be tried and convicted of mur- court, Hanrahan obtained a statement ifornia State Supreme Court. This de- 10, when the pathologist who per- der. Hampton and Clark were mur­ last week from Clara B. Goucher, one cision is now being appealed to a formed the autopsies on Jonathan dered in a police raid Dec. 4, 1969, of the grand jurors, alleging improper lower level federal court. Jackson (George Jackson's brother) on orders from the office of State's grand jury procedure. Hanrahan re­ In presenting the motion to dismiss and William Christmas changed his Attorney Edward P. Hanrahan. leased the text of Goucher's statement the case, the defense argued that the report. He said that Jackson and Among those attending the meeting to the press~ and has filed a motion grand jury was selected by a system Christmas were shot in the back, after last Wednesday were Bill Hampton, with Judge Philip Romiti, asking that that illegally and unconstitutionally reporting a year ago that they were brother of Fred Hampton; Edna Wil­ the grand jury transcripts be made excluded the poor, Blacks and young shot in their chests. They were killed liams, Chicago office of the Cairo available for his inspection. Hanrahan United Front; Lorraine Bray, Power people. Evidence was presented from Aug. 7, 1970, during the attempted is also seeking statements made to of People group; and representatives Romiti's predecessor, Judge Joseph hearings in which the Marin County escape of Magee and three others from from the Student Mobilization Com­ Powers, by two grand jurors last judges, who select the nominees for the Marin County courthouse. mittee Black Task Force, the Urban spring before the illinois Supreme the grand jury, were questioned, show- He said that contrary to normal League, and the Marshall High School Court enjoined Powers from continu­ ing that they tend to select individuals procedure, he was not able to see the Black Student Union. Andrew Pulley, ing such private interviews. who are from the same class and age clothing of the men because it had Socialist Workers Party candidate for bracket as themselves. been in th~ possession of state investi- vice-president, who was in Chicago Special prosecutor Barnabas Sears Defense counsel Howard Moore,dur- gators for nearly a year. Magee's at- for the National Black Student As­ announced that he will release a secret ing the heated hearings, said that the torney, Ernest Graves, contends that sociation conference, also participated record that establishes that he used report on the 1970 grand jury showed the autopsy report contains gross in the meeting. no improper methods to obtain a its members to be "racist, reactionary, omissions in the description of Judge Plans were made to call a mass grand jury indictment. Sears made and exhibiting a definite class bias." Haley's wounds. Haley was the judge meeting in the Black community to the statement in papers filed withJudge During the hearings, Angela Davis who was shot during the Aug. 1970, initiate a series of demonstrations di­ Romiti asking the criminal court judge acted as her own defense attorney for reeted against Hanrahan, the Chicago to dismiss Hanrahan's motions. Ac­ the first time. Police Department, Mayor Daley's cording to the Sept. 14 Chi~ago Sun Before a packed courtroom Sept. Democratic Party machine, and the Tfmes, Sears also asked that state­ 10, defense counsel Howard Moore State of Illinois. The group has taken ments taken from Goucher be quashed argued that publicity about the mur­ the name the Black Coalition to Con­ on the grounds that the action "was der of George Jackson at San Quentin vict the Murderers of Fred Hampton highly unethical, improper and ille­ -which is only a few miles away from and Mark Clark. gaL" Judge Romiti has not ruled on the Marin Countycourthouse-"makes The failure of the speeial Cook the motions from Hanrahan or those it impossible for the defense to receive County grand jury to return an in­ from Sears. a fair and impartial trial, now if ever." dictment of rust-degree murder in con­ The events since Hampton's mur­ However, he said that the grounds nection with the Dec. 4, 1969, der in 1969 show that the legal system for delay previously cited by the de­ murder of Hampton and Clark has will move only in the face of ma,ss fense were sufficient for granting the created widespread anger in the Black popular action. The formation of the motion; therefore, he stated, he would community here. The Daley organi­ Black Coalition to Convict the Mur­ not enter "prejudicial publicity" about zation has been pulling every avail­ derers of Fred Hampton and Mark the Jackson murder as a grounds for able string to make sure that even the Clark is .a promising step toward the delay, but would reserve it to enter at mild indictment for conspiracy to ob­ mobilization of the African-American a later date. struct justice now pending against community against such brutal He cited the large number of po­ Hanrahan and 13 others will be attacks. tential witnesses-500-which had to be interviewed, and the tremendous amount of documentary and physical Stokes assailed for evidence that had to be examined, as grounds for delaying the trial. He also charged that the attorney gen­ absolving Rockefeller eral's office sent out a letter to all witnesses that strongly implied that In response to the massacre of inmates gunshot wounds." It was learned later they should not talk to defense at­ at Attica, Cleveland Mayor Carl that a ninth hostage was also killed torneys. This harassment has been Stokes said he "hopes no one tries by gunshot wounds.... further exacerbated by the prosecu­ to hold Governor Rockefeller respon­ tion's negligence in sending statements sible" for it. He blamed the deaths Mayor Carl Stokes' attempt( tq ab~ from the state trial witnesses to the on the inadequacies of the American solve Governor Nelson Rockolef.i.m: .. defense. penal system and said he disagreed can only be called a whitewash. It During assistant attorney generalAl­ with Black Panther leader Bobby was through full consultation between bert Harris' previous rebuttal, in which Seale, who blamed the New York gov- Commissioner Oswald and the gov­ he claimed the delay would be "a per­ ernor. ernor that the massacre was carried version of justice," Judge Arnason had Angela Davis The following statement was issued out. Furthermore, if, as Stokes claims, to blink furiously to stay awake. When by John Hawkins, Socialist Workers the American penal system is at fault, Arnason made his almost routine de­ Party candidate for mayor of Cleve­ then certainly Rockefeller, as governor nial of the motion for delay, he pa­ shootout in the Marin County court­ land, Sept. 15. of New York for over a decade, had ternalistically told the defense that everi room. A hearing on Graves' motion ample opportunity to bring about he had a hard time going through the to exhume Haley's body is scheduled The brutal murder of 3! inmates at needed changes i,n the prison system. material, but said, "Now that I have for Sept. 22. Attica State Prison in New York is The fact that he didn't is a clear in­ a feel of the range, I'm not going to Magee, who earlier agreed to wait the most recent and most blatant dication of his complicity in the mur­ let the team get away from me. I'm until the Davis trial was over before example of "justice" in racist, capitalist ders of the inmates. not going to drop the reins," indicating beginning his, petitioned last week to America. Responsibility for these kill­ At bottom, the responsibility does he's going to push to begin the trial have his trial begin immediately. He ings falls squarely on the New York not remain confined. to any single cap­ Sept. 27. ch-arged that he waived his right to State prison authorities, all the way italist politician or government offi­ He said that the motion for delay a speedy trial because Judge Arna­ up to Governor Rockefeller. In fact, cial. The real culprit is the whole could be remade at another time, and son had misinstructed him. Magee, the state authorities' case has already racist, capitalist system which holds added that all motions had to be sub­ claimed that Judge Arnason, along fallen apart. The reason for the mas­ private property to be more valuable mitted before Sept. 20. Other pretrial with his court-appointed attorney sacre was supposedly to save the lives than human life. motions the defense has indicated it Graves and assistant attorney general of the hostages held by the inmates. I will use my campaign to expose would make are: a motion to delay Albert Harris, were "acting in connec­ However, the findings of medical ex-. the truth about these murders and to the trial because of the prejudicial pub­ tion with the statewide racist clique" aminer John Edland show that of the defend all victims of such so-called licity relating to GeorgeJackson'smur- to prevent him from receiving justice. 10 hostages slain, "eight cases died of "justice."

24