Flash Memory
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Toshiba's Standard SD Cards Are the Perfect Way to Capture and Store Your Memories. the Series Is Compatible with Cameras
July 2015 Toshiba’s standard SD cards are the perfect way to capture and store your memories. The series is compatible with cameras, laptops, tablets and other devices that support the SDHC Standard. With 8, 16 and 32GB capacities, it offers enough space for your photos, video and data. High Speed N102 SDHC™ Overview: Capacity 8GB, 16GB, 32GB Interface SD Memory Card standard compatible Speed Class * Warranty 5 Years Physical Specification: Dimensions 32.0 mm (L) × 24.0 mm (W) × 2.1 mm (H) Weight Approx. 2g Environmental: Operating Temp. -25°C to +85°C Storage Temp. -40°C to +85°C 8GB 16GB 32GB Model Numbers: EAN Code 4047999329169 4047999329176 4047999329183 Part Number THN-N102K0080M4 THN-N102K0160M4 THN-N102K0320M4 www.toshiba-memory.com In 1984, Toshiba developed a new type of semiconductor memory called flash memory, leading the industry into the next generation ahead of its competitors. Some time later in 1987, NAND flash memory was developed, and this has since been used in a variety of memory cards and electronic equipments. The NAND flash market has grown rapidly, with flash memory becoming an internationally standardized memory device. Toshiba, the inventor of flash memory, has carved out a path to a new era in which we are all able to carry videos, music and data with us wherever we go. History of Flash Memory 1984 Developed NOR-type Flash Memory 1987 Developed NAND-type Flash Memory Jul. 2000 Released SD™ Memory Card Jun. 2003 Released miniSD™ Memory Card Dec. 2003 Released USB Flash Memory Jul. 2006 Released microSD™ Memory Card Oct. -
UFS Tutorial
UFS Tutorial Presented by Scott Jacobson Harish Verma Flash Memory Summit 2013 Santa Clara, CA 1 UFS – Universal Flash Storage Overview . JEDEC UFS Roadmap . What are the drivers? . What is UFS? . Why is UFS important? . What are the details? UFS Jedec Roadmap The Mobile Revolution – A Golden Age for Consumers Cell Phones Used By Smartphones Used By 1 of 1,000 Business People 600 Million People Worldwide 1984 2012 Mobile Mobile Telephone Computer smaller, simpler, cheaper mightier But the Golden Age has Rocked the Ecosystem 1984 http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility/ http://money.cnn.com/2012/04/24/technology/apple-earnings/index.htm http://www.splatf.com/2011/12/rim-charts/ What’s Enabled the Mobile Revolution? Many New Mobile Protocols New protocols enable advancement and drive need for advanced verification IP Memory card < 3 years old FM NAND CSI2 Camera > 3 years old DRAM NAND receiver LPDDR Flash CSI3 interface FLASH UFS SD 3.0 SD 4.0 SD GPS 4.5 Touch screen receiver I2C UFS controller LPDDR 2 LPDDR 3 RFFE eMMC Display Multimedia Cellular Applications driver modem DigRF processor processor DSI ® ™ AMBA 4 ACE OCP 2.0 ™ ™ LLI AMBA AXI , AHB OCP 3.0 SSIC WiFi Audio SDIO3 interface SLIMbus SLIMbus Bluetooth Motion GBT sensors cJTAG SPMI USB 3.0 OTG Power USB 2.0 HDMI 1.4 control Full Product Verification Each development stage has unique VIP requirements System Level (HW+SW) SoC Level ARM CPU Subsystem Customer’s Application Specific Components A15 A15 A7 A7 AES 3D DSP L2 cache L2 cache Graphics Application -
SDC420T Memory Card
SDC420T memory card Description Features Transcend’s 3D flash technology combines the Transcend’s 3D NAND flash technology advantages of high performance and exceptional Excellent endurance endurance. The industrial memory cards can endure Compatible with SD Specification Ver. 5.1 operating temperatures ranging from -25°C to 85°C; UHS-I with Video Speed Class V10 setting a new standard in consistent, long-term Application Performance Class1 (A1) performance even in the harshest conditions. Early move and Read Retry Built-in ECC and Wear leveling RoHS compliant product. Support ESD IEC 61000-4-2 Architecture Pin Definition SD Mode SPI Mode Pin No. Name Description Name Description 1 CD/DAT3 Card Detect/ Data Line [Bit3] CS Chip Select (neg true) 2 CMD Command/ Response DI Data In 3 VSS1 Supply voltage ground VSS Supply voltage ground 4 VDD Supply voltage VDD Supply voltage 5 CLK Clock SCLK Clock 6 VSS2 Supply voltage ground VSS2 Supply voltage ground 7 DAT0 Data Line [Bit0] DO Data out 8 DAT1 Data Line [Bit1] RSV Reserved 9 DAT2 Data Line [ Bit2 ] RSV Reserved Specifications Physical Specification Form Factor SD SD specification SD5.1 (32GB and larger capacity),SD3.01 (16GB) Length 32.00 ± 0.1 Dimensions (mm) Width 24.00 ± 0.1 Height 2.10 ± 0.15 Data Transfer Specification Application Model P/N SD Type Interface* Speed Class Performance Class TS16GSDC420T SDHC UHS-I SDR104 C10/U1 N/A TS32GSDC420T SDHC UHS-I SDR104 V10/U1 A1 TS64GSDC420T SDHC UHS-I SDR104 V10/U1 A1 TS128GSDC420T SDHC UHS-I SDR104 V10/U1 A1 TS256GSDC420T SDHC UHS-I -
Memory Card Reader • USB 3.0 Cable Compactflash (CF) Card • Quick Setup Guide Insert Label Side Up
Front view LED indicator QUICK SETUP GUIDE Memory Card microSD, microSDXC Reader Insert label side up. NS-DCR30D3K / NS-DCR30D3K-C SD card Insert label side up. PACKAGE CONTENTS • USB 3.0 multi-format memory card reader • USB 3.0 cable CompactFlash (CF) card • Quick Setup Guide Insert label side up. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Back view • Windows® 10, Windows® 8.1, Windows® 8, Windows® 7, Windows Vista®, Mac OS 9.0 or higher, or Linux Kernal 2.4.1 or above FEATURES • Supports USB 3.0 and below • Multi-port and multi-driver letter display USB cable port • Plug & Play • Works with the following card formats: Micro SD/T-FLASH/Micro SDXC/Micro SDHC, SD/SDHC/SDXC/ Mini-SD, CompactFlash (CF) type I Caution: All cards must be inserted into the card reader label side up. Failure to do so could result in damage to the memory card or the card reader. Do not force a memory card into the card reader. Before using your new product, please read these instructions to prevent any damage. CONNECTING THE CARD READER 5 Do not remove your card from the card reader until the data LED Plug one end of a USB cable into the USB port of the card reader and stops blinking and the name of your card disappears from the Finder the other end into an available USB port on your computer. Your window. computer loads the drivers automatically. SPECIFICATIONS USING THE CARD READER • Dimensions: 2.87 × 1.98 × .68 in. (7.3 × 5.05 × 1.75 cm) Cautions: • Transmission port: USB 3.0 • Insert a card, label side up, into the appropriate slot. -
24 Bringing Order to Chaos: Barrier-Enabled I/O Stack for Flash Storage
Bringing Order to Chaos: Barrier-Enabled I/O Stack for Flash Storage YOUJIP WON and JOONTAEK OH, Hanyang University, Korea JAEMIN JUNG, Texas A&M University, USA GYEONGYEOL CHOI and SEONGBAE SON, Hanyang University, Korea JOOYOUNG HWANG and SANGYEUN CHO, Samsung Electronics, Korea This work is dedicated to eliminating the overhead required for guaranteeing the storage order in the modern IO stack. The existing block device adopts a prohibitively expensive approach in ensuring the storage order among write requests: interleaving the write requests with Transfer-and-Flush. For exploiting the cache bar- rier command for flash storage, we overhaul the IO scheduler, the dispatch module, and the filesystem sothat these layers are orchestrated to preserve the ordering condition imposed by the application with which the associated data blocks are made durable. The key ingredients of Barrier-Enabled IO stack are Epoch-based IO scheduling, Order-Preserving Dispatch,andDual-Mode Journaling. Barrier-enabled IO stack can control the storage order without Transfer-and-Flush overhead. We implement the barrier-enabled IO stack in server as well as in mobile platforms. SQLite performance increases by 270% and 75%, in server and in smartphone, respectively. In a server storage, BarrierFS brings as much as by 43× andby73× performance gain in MySQL and SQLite, respectively, against EXT4 via relaxing the durability of a transaction. CCS Concepts: • Software and its engineering → File systems management; Additional Key Words and Phrases: Filesystem, storage, block device, linux ACM Reference format: Youjip Won, Joontaek Oh, Jaemin Jung, Gyeongyeol Choi, Seongbae Son, Jooyoung Hwang, and Sangyeun Cho. 2018. Bringing Order to Chaos: Barrier-Enabled I/O Stack for Flash Storage. -
Capturemovemanipulates
CAPTUREMOVEMANIPULATESTORE Flash Memory Cards from Simpletech CompactFlash Secure Digital MultiMediaCard RS-MMC miniSD Flash Memory Cards from SimpleTech Capture your digital photos, music, and files with SimpleTech high-speed flash FLASHMEMORYCARDS memory cards. CompactFlash CompactFlash (CF) flash memory cards are the most popular form factor of flash storage used in consumer devices today. CF cards are ideal storage solutions for digital cameras, MP3 players, PDAs, palmtops, and handheld PCs. Features • Low power consumption • Compatible with all CF devices • Hot Swappable • CFA and PCMCIA Compliant • Highest Capacity Available using IC TowerTM Chip Stacking Capacities 32MB-4GB Dimension 1.69" (w) x 1.43" (l) x 0.13" (t) Weight 11.4g Interface ATA True IDE Operating Temperature 0o - 70o C Power 3.3V or 5V Operation Warranty Lifetime Secure Digital Secure Digital (SD) flash memory cards are next generation memory devices that offer a combination of high storage capacity, fast data transfer rates, great flexibility and excellent security. Features • Copyrights protection function • SD and SPI interface supported • Nonvolatile solid-state storage • Mechanical write protect switch Capacities 32MB - 1GB Dimension 0.94" (w) x 1.26" (l) x 0.08" (t) Weight 1g Interface Secure Digital Mode SPI Mode miniSD card adapter can be use in SD card socket Operating Temperature 0o - 70o C Power 2.7V - 3.6V Warranty Lifetime MultiMediaCard MultiMediaCards (MMC) flash memory cards are highly integrated flash products which let you carry more music, images, data, and voice recordings. MMC cards are small but rugged. They are great for MP3 players, digital cameras, voice recorders, smart phones and digital camcorders. -
Garbage Collection Understanding Foreground Vs
Garbage Collection Understanding Foreground vs. Background GC and Other Related Elements Kent Smith Sr. Director of Corporate Marketing SandForce Flash Memory Summit August 2011 Santa Clara, CA 1 Understanding Garbage Collection (GC) • In flash memory, GC is the process of relocating existing data, deleting stale data, and creating empty blocks for new data • All SSDs will have some form of GC – it is not an optional feature • NAND flash cannot directly overwrite a page with data; it has to be first erased • One full block of pages has to be erased, not just one page • GC starts after each page has been written one time • Valid data is consolidated and written into new blocks • Invalid (replaced) data is ignored and gets erased • Wear leveling mainly occurs during GC Source: Wikipedia Flash Memory Summit 2011 Santa Clara, CA 2 How the OS Deletes Data • The OS tracks what files are present and what logical blocks are holding the files • SSDs do not understand the file structure of an OS; they only track valid data locations reported by the OS • When the OS deletes a file, it marks the file’s space in its logical table as free ► It does not tell the drive anything • When the OS writes a new file to the drive, it will eventually write to the previously used spaces in the table ► An SSD only knows data is no longer needed when the OS tells it to write to an address that already contains data Flash Memory Summit 2011 Santa Clara, CA 3 Understanding the TRIM Command • The OS* sends a TRIM command** at the point of file deletion • The SSD marks -
In-Desk Hub 3 Port USB 3.0 + 2 Slot SD Card Reader
In-Desk Hub 3 Port USB 3.0 + 2 Slot SD Card Reader Description This hub by Delock can be installed into an existing cut-out of the desk with a diameter of 60 mm or 80 mm to lead through the cables for the monitor, keyboard and mouse. At the same time, the hub offers three USB Type-A female ports and one SD Card Reader with two slots. The data transfer and power supply is guaranteed through one USB 3.0 Type-A male and one USB 2.0 Type-A male. The distance between the free connectors can be maximum 20 cm, because the two cables are connected with each other. Specification Item no. 62869 • Connectors: EAN: 4043619628698 top side: 3 x USB 3.0 Type-A female Country of origin: China 1 x SD slot 1 x Micro SD slot Package: Retail Box bottom side: 1 x USB 3.0 Type-A male 1 x USB 2.0 Type-A male (power supply) • Chipset: VL813, GL3233 • Data transfer rate up to: SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps, Hi-Speed 480 Mbps, Full-Speed 12 Mbps, Low-Speed 1.5 Mbps • The Card Reader supports following memory cards: 1. Slot Secure Digital SD, SD Pro, SD High Capacity (SDHC), SD Ultra, SDHC Ultra, SDXC, SDXC Ultra, MMC-I, MMC-II, MMC 4.0, Mini SD, Mini SDHC, MMCmobile, RS-MMC, RS-MMC 4.0 2. Slot Micro Secure Digital Micro SD, Micro SDHC, Micro SDHC Ultra, T-Flash, MMCmicro • Mounting diameter: 60 mm / 80 mm • Mounting depth: 35 mm • Cable length: ca. -
Storage Solutions for Embedded Applications
White Paper Storage Solutions Brian Skerry Sr. Software Architect Intel Corporation for Embedded Applications December 2008 1 321054 Storage Solutions for Embedded Applications Executive Summary Any embedded system needs reliable access to storage. This may be provided by a hard disk drive or access to a remote storage device. Alternatively there are many flash solutions available on the market today. When considering flash, there are a number of important criteria to consider with capacity, cost, and reliability being foremost. This paper considers hardware, software, and other considerations in choosing a storage solution. Wear leveling is an important factor affecting the expected lifetime of any flash solution, and it can be implemented in a number of ways. Depending on the choices made, software changes may be necessary. Solid state drives offer the most straight forward replacement option for Hard disk drives, but may not be cost-effective for some applications. The Intel® X-25M Mainstream SATA Solid State Drive is one solution suitable for a high performance environment. For smaller storage requirements, CompactFlash* and USB flash are very attractive. Downward pressure continues to be applied to flash solutions, and there are a number of new technologies on the horizon. As a result of reading this paper, the reader will be able to take into consideration all the relevant factors in choosing a storage solution for an embedded system. Intel® architecture can benefit the embedded system designer as they can be assured of widespread -
How Controllers Maximize SSD Life
SSSI TECH NOTES How Controllers Maximize SSD Life January 2013 by SNIA SSSI Member: Jim Handy Objective Analysis “The SSD Guy” www.snia.org1 About the Solid State Storage Initiative The SNIA Solid State Storage Initiative (SSSI) fosters the growth and success of the market for solid state storage in both enterprise and client environ- ments. Members of the SSSI work together to promote the development of technical standards and tools, educate the IT communities about solid state storage, perform market outreach that highlights the virtues of solid state storage, and collaborate with other industry associations on solid state stor- age technical work. SSSI member companies come from a wide variety of segments in the SSD industry www.snia.org/forums/sssi/about/members. How Controllers Maximize SSD Life by SNIA SSSI Member: Jim Handy “The SSD Guy”, Objective Analysis Table of Contents Introduction 2 How Controllers Maximize SSD Life 2 Better Wear Leveling 3 External Data Buffering 6 Improved ECC 7 Other Error Management 9 Reduced Write Amplification 10 Over Provisioning 11 Feedback on Block Wear 13 Internal NAND Management 14 1 Introduction This booklet contains a collection of posts from Jim Handy’s SSD Guy blog www.TheSSDGuy.com which explores the various techniques designers use to increase SSD life. How Controllers Maximize SSD Life How do controllers maximize the life of an SSD? After all, MLC flash has a lifetime of only 10,000 erase/write cycles or fewer and that is a very small number compared to the write traffic an SSD is expected to see in a high- workload environment, especially in the enterprise. -
External UFS Solution
External UFS Solution Apr., 2016 Chronicles of External Storage Current ’95s ’00s ’05s ’10s ’16s CF (’94) CFast (’10) (’10) XQD (’12) SMC (’95) xD (’02) (’08) MMC (’98) MMCplus (‘04) mobile (’08) RS-MMC MMCmobile MMCmicro (’05) (’03) (’04) UHS-I: 104MB/s SD (’99) mobile miniSD microSD (’03) (’04) (UHS-I ’10) (’10) MS Pro-HG Memory Stick (’98) MS Duo (’02) (’07) MS Pro Duo (’08) mobile (’09) M2 (’06) UFS Card(‘16) 2 / 14 Mobile Storage Inteface Bandwidth CommunicationSD UFS Technology 전환 Wi-Fi USB Up to 7Gbps, 802.11ad 5Gbps, USB 3.0 433MB/s, 802.11ac 75MB/s, 802.11n MobileSD Storage UFS 전환Interface UFS [MB/s] Embedded Storage 1200 1000 External Storage 800 UFS UFS Card 600 eMMC eMMC 5.0 5.0 400 eMMC eMMC 4.5 200 4.41 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 / 14 Embedded evolves into External External UFS has same technology with Embedded UFS • Based on JEDEC UFS v2.0 Specification • High performance & small size for Mobile • High performance • Mobility • Better power efficiency • Compatibility • Mobile application friendly External UFS Solution (11 x 15 x 1mm) 4 / 14 Advantages of External UFS 6Gbps UFS card is overwhelmed compared to previous card • Up to 480MB/s in S.R and 170MB/s in S.W in the present version • Much better quality than microSD Card Performance Comparison ESD / Current Sequential (MB/s) ESD Test *Measured 480 480 SD Spec *UFS Card 170 170 eUFS (6G-1L) Contact 2/4kV 15kV 80 AIR 4/8/15kV Under Test 40 * UFS Card satisfies the requirement of SD Card at least Read Write SD UHS-I Random (IOPS) -
For Immediate Release
For Immediate Release Media Contact: Story Public Relations Michael Schoolnik [email protected] SandForce SSD Processors Transform Mainstream Data Storage Breakthrough DuraClass Technology Sets New Standards for SSD Reliability, Performance and Energy Efficiency SARATOGA, CA. – April 13, 2009 – SandForce™ Inc., the pioneer of SSD (Solid State Drive) Processors that enable commodity NAND flash deployment in enterprise and mobile computing applications, today emerged from stealth mode and unveiled its first product, the SF‐1000 SSD Processor family. These highly‐integrated silicon devices address the inherent endurance, reliability, and data retention issues associated with NAND flash memory, making it possible to build SSDs that deliver unprecedented performance over the life of the drive with orders‐of‐magnitude higher reliability than enterprise‐class HDDs (Hard Disk Drives). The SandForce patent‐pending DuraClass™ technology promises to accelerate mass‐market SSD adoption. Leading OEMs are expected to release both SLC (single level cell) and MLC (multi‐level cell) flash‐based SSDs using SandForce single‐chip SSD Processors later this year. IDC expects worldwide shipments of SSD's in the Enterprise and PC markets will exceed 40 million units in 2012, representing a CAGR of 171% from 2007‐20121. “The SF‐1000 SSD Processor Family promises to address key NAND flash issues allowing MLC flash technologies to be reliably used in broad based, mission critical storage environments,” said Mike Desens, Vice President for System Design, IBM.