24 Bringing Order to Chaos: Barrier-Enabled I/O Stack for Flash Storage
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UFS Tutorial
UFS Tutorial Presented by Scott Jacobson Harish Verma Flash Memory Summit 2013 Santa Clara, CA 1 UFS – Universal Flash Storage Overview . JEDEC UFS Roadmap . What are the drivers? . What is UFS? . Why is UFS important? . What are the details? UFS Jedec Roadmap The Mobile Revolution – A Golden Age for Consumers Cell Phones Used By Smartphones Used By 1 of 1,000 Business People 600 Million People Worldwide 1984 2012 Mobile Mobile Telephone Computer smaller, simpler, cheaper mightier But the Golden Age has Rocked the Ecosystem 1984 http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility/ http://money.cnn.com/2012/04/24/technology/apple-earnings/index.htm http://www.splatf.com/2011/12/rim-charts/ What’s Enabled the Mobile Revolution? Many New Mobile Protocols New protocols enable advancement and drive need for advanced verification IP Memory card < 3 years old FM NAND CSI2 Camera > 3 years old DRAM NAND receiver LPDDR Flash CSI3 interface FLASH UFS SD 3.0 SD 4.0 SD GPS 4.5 Touch screen receiver I2C UFS controller LPDDR 2 LPDDR 3 RFFE eMMC Display Multimedia Cellular Applications driver modem DigRF processor processor DSI ® ™ AMBA 4 ACE OCP 2.0 ™ ™ LLI AMBA AXI , AHB OCP 3.0 SSIC WiFi Audio SDIO3 interface SLIMbus SLIMbus Bluetooth Motion GBT sensors cJTAG SPMI USB 3.0 OTG Power USB 2.0 HDMI 1.4 control Full Product Verification Each development stage has unique VIP requirements System Level (HW+SW) SoC Level ARM CPU Subsystem Customer’s Application Specific Components A15 A15 A7 A7 AES 3D DSP L2 cache L2 cache Graphics Application -
Ein Wilder Ritt Distributionen
09/2016 Besichtigungstour zu den skurrilsten Linux-Distributionen Titelthema Ein wilder Ritt Distributionen 28 Seit den frühen 90ern schießen die Linux-Distributionen wie Pilze aus dem Boden. Das Linux-Magazin blickt zurück auf ein paar besonders erstaunliche oder schräge Exemplare. Kristian Kißling www.linux-magazin.de © Antonio Oquias, 123RF Oquias, © Antonio Auch wenn die Syntax anderes vermu- samer Linux-Distributionen aufzustellen, Basis für Evil Entity denkt (Grün!), liegt ten lässt, steht der Name des klassischen denn in den zweieinhalb Jahrzehnten falsch. Tatsächlich basierte Evil Entity auf Linux-Tools »awk« nicht für Awkward kreuzte eine Menge von ihnen unseren Slackware und setzte auf einen eher düs- (zu Deutsch etwa „tolpatschig“), sondern Weg. Während einige davon noch putz- ter anmutenden Enlightenment-Desktop für die Namen seiner Autoren, nämlich munter in die Zukunft blicken, ist bei an- (Abbildung 3). Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger und Brian deren nicht recht klar, welche Zielgruppe Als näher am Leben erwies sich der Fo- Kernighan. Kryptische Namen zu geben sie anpeilen oder ob sie überhaupt noch kus der Distribution, der auf dem Ab- sei eine lange etablierte Unix-Tradition, am Leben sind. spielen von Multimedia-Dateien lag – sie heißt es auf einer Seite des Debian-Wiki wollten doch nur Filme schauen. [1], die sich mit den Namen traditioneller Linux für Zombies Linux-Tools beschäftigt. Je kaputter, desto besser Denn, steht dort weiter, häufig halten Apropos untot: Die passende Linux- Entwickler die Namen ihrer Tools für Distribution für Zombies ließ sich recht Auch Void Linux [4], der Name steht selbsterklärend oder sie glauben, dass einfach ermitteln. Sie heißt Undead Linux je nach Übersetzung für „gleichgültig“ sie die User ohnehin nicht interessieren. -
Enabling Virtualization Technologies for Enhanced Cloud Computing
New Jersey Institute of Technology Digital Commons @ NJIT Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 1-31-2015 Enabling virtualization technologies for enhanced cloud computing Kashifuddin Qazi New Jersey Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Qazi, Kashifuddin, "Enabling virtualization technologies for enhanced cloud computing" (2015). Dissertations. 106. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/106 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ NJIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ NJIT. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order -
Heterogeneous Clusters.Pdf
HowTo Heterogeneous Clusters Running ClusterKnoppix as a master node to a CHAOS drone army HowTo Heterogeneous Clusters Running ClusterKnoppix as a master node to a CHAOS drone army CONTROL PAGE Document Approvals Approved for Publication: Author Name: Ian Latter 12 December 2003 Document Control Document Name: Heterogeneous Clusters; Running ClusterKnoppix as a master node to a CHAOS drone army Document ID: howto - heterogenous clusters.doc-Release-1.1(467) Distribution: Unrestricted Distribution Status: Release Disk File: C:\Documents and Settings\_.NULL\Desktop\whitepaper\HowTo - Heterogenous Clusters.doc Copyright: Copyright 2003, Macquarie University Version Date Release Information Author/s 1.1 12-Dec-03 Release / Unrestricted Distribution Ian Latter 1.0 11-Dec-03 Draft / Uncontrolled Ian Latter Distribution Version Release to 1.1 Public Release 1.0 Macquarie University, Moshe Bar, Bruce Knox, Wim Vandersmissen Unrestricted Distribution Copyright 2003, Macquarie University Page 2 of 13 HowTo Heterogeneous Clusters Running ClusterKnoppix as a master node to a CHAOS drone army Table of Contents 1 OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................4 2 WHY YOU WANT A HETEROGENEOUS CLUSTER ..........................................................5 2.1 WHERE APPLICATIONS LIVE ...................................................................................................5 2.2 OPTIMIZING CLUSTER ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................5 -
External UFS Solution
External UFS Solution Apr., 2016 Chronicles of External Storage Current ’95s ’00s ’05s ’10s ’16s CF (’94) CFast (’10) (’10) XQD (’12) SMC (’95) xD (’02) (’08) MMC (’98) MMCplus (‘04) mobile (’08) RS-MMC MMCmobile MMCmicro (’05) (’03) (’04) UHS-I: 104MB/s SD (’99) mobile miniSD microSD (’03) (’04) (UHS-I ’10) (’10) MS Pro-HG Memory Stick (’98) MS Duo (’02) (’07) MS Pro Duo (’08) mobile (’09) M2 (’06) UFS Card(‘16) 2 / 14 Mobile Storage Inteface Bandwidth CommunicationSD UFS Technology 전환 Wi-Fi USB Up to 7Gbps, 802.11ad 5Gbps, USB 3.0 433MB/s, 802.11ac 75MB/s, 802.11n MobileSD Storage UFS 전환Interface UFS [MB/s] Embedded Storage 1200 1000 External Storage 800 UFS UFS Card 600 eMMC eMMC 5.0 5.0 400 eMMC eMMC 4.5 200 4.41 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 UHS-1 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 / 14 Embedded evolves into External External UFS has same technology with Embedded UFS • Based on JEDEC UFS v2.0 Specification • High performance & small size for Mobile • High performance • Mobility • Better power efficiency • Compatibility • Mobile application friendly External UFS Solution (11 x 15 x 1mm) 4 / 14 Advantages of External UFS 6Gbps UFS card is overwhelmed compared to previous card • Up to 480MB/s in S.R and 170MB/s in S.W in the present version • Much better quality than microSD Card Performance Comparison ESD / Current Sequential (MB/s) ESD Test *Measured 480 480 SD Spec *UFS Card 170 170 eUFS (6G-1L) Contact 2/4kV 15kV 80 AIR 4/8/15kV Under Test 40 * UFS Card satisfies the requirement of SD Card at least Read Write SD UHS-I Random (IOPS) -
Linux Installation and Getting Started
Linux Installation and Getting Started Copyright c 1992–1996 Matt Welsh Version 2.3, 22 February 1996. This book is an installation and new-user guide for the Linux system, meant for UNIX novices and gurus alike. Contained herein is information on how to obtain Linux, installation of the software, a beginning tutorial for new UNIX users, and an introduction to system administration. It is meant to be general enough to be applicable to any distribution of the Linux software. This book is freely distributable; you may copy and redistribute it under certain conditions. Please see the copyright and distribution statement on page xiii. Contents Preface ix Audience ............................................... ix Organization.............................................. x Acknowledgments . x CreditsandLegalese ......................................... xii Documentation Conventions . xiv 1 Introduction to Linux 1 1.1 About This Book ........................................ 1 1.2 A Brief History of Linux .................................... 2 1.3 System Features ......................................... 4 1.4 Software Features ........................................ 5 1.4.1 Basic commands and utilities ............................. 6 1.4.2 Text processing and word processing ......................... 7 1.4.3 Programming languages and utilities .......................... 9 1.4.4 The X Window System ................................. 10 1.4.5 Networking ....................................... 11 1.4.6 Telecommunications and BBS software ....................... -
Micron Technology Annual Report 2020
Micron Technology Annual Report 2020 Form 10-K (NASDAQ:MU) Published: October 19th, 2020 PDF generated by stocklight.com UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended September 3, 2020 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-10658 Micron Technology, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 75-1618004 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 8000 S. Federal Way, Boise, Idaho 83716-9632 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (208) 368-4000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share MU Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
HPC with Openmosix
HPC with openMosix Ninan Sajeeth Philip St. Thomas College Kozhencheri IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Acknowledgements ● This document uses slides and image clippings available on the web and in books on HPC. Credit is due to their original designers! IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Overview ● Mosix to openMosix ● Why openMosix? ● Design Concepts ● Advantages ● Limitations IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] The Scenario ● We have MPI and it's pretty cool, then why we need another solution? ● Well, MPI is a specification for cluster communication and is not a solution. ● Two types of bottlenecks exists in HPC - hardware and software (OS) level. IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Hardware limitations for HPC IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] The Scenario ● We are approaching the speed and size limits of the electronics ● Major share of possible optimization remains with software part - OS level IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Hardware limitations for HPC IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] How Clusters Work? Conventional supe rcomputers achieve their speed using extremely optimized hardware that operates at very high speed. Then, how do the clusters out-perform them? Simple, they cheat. While the supercomputer is optimized in hardware, the cluster is so in software. The cluster breaks down a problem in a special way so that it can distribute all the little pieces to its constituents. That way the overall problem gets solved very efficiently. - A Brief Introduction To Commodity Clustering Ryan Kaulakis IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] What is MOSIX? ● MOSIX is a software solution to minimise OS level bottlenecks - originally designed to improve performance of MPI and PVM on cluster systems http://www.mosix.org Not open source Free for personal and academic use IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] MOSIX More Technically speaking: ● MOSIX is a Single System Image (SSI) cluster that allows Automated Load Balancing across nodes through preemptive process migrations. -
Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX
Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX (Informatik, Telekommunikation) W. Alex 1. Juli 2021 Karlsruhe Copyright W. Alex, Karlsruhe, 1994 – 2018. Die Liste darf unentgeltlich benutzt und weitergegeben werden. The list may be used or copied free of any charge. Original Point of Distribution: http://www.abklex.de/abklex/ An authorized Czechian version is published on: http://www.sochorek.cz/archiv/slovniky/abklex.htm Author’s Email address: [email protected] 2 Kapitel 1 Abkürzungen Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkür- zungen bilden (Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der Reihenfol- ge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 16000 Abkürzungen aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente, Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet. Die Liste beschreibt nur den Ge- brauch, sie legt nicht eine Definition fest. 100GE 100 GBit/s Ethernet 16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 1GFC 1 Gigabaud Fiber Channel (2, 4, 8, 10, 20GFC) 1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode) 1TBS One True Brace Style (C) 1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national) 247 24/7: 24 hours per day, 7 days per week 2D 2-dimensional 2FA Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung 2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler) 2L8 Too Late (Slang) 2MS Strukturierte -
Flash Memory
Semiconductor Catalog Mar. 2016 Flash Memory STORAGE PRODUCTS & SEMICONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTOR & STORAGE PRODUCTS http://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/ FlashF l ash M emor Memoryy Toshiba, the inventor of Flash Memory, blazed the trail to a world we can all carry data, music and videos with us, wherever we go. Now, Flash Memory is playing a major role in driving the evolution of automobiles and industrial equipment that is essential for realizing an environmentally friendly society. Behind the scenes, Flash Memory supports the world’s continuing transformation to a better tomorrow. Back in 1984, Toshiba developed a new semiconductor memory, Flash Memory, and by doing led the industry, and its competitors, into the next generation. Today the international de facto standard, Flash Memories have realized an immense range of applications that include Memory Cards, Solid-State Drives (SSDs), and even industrial equipment. As the total volume of information continues its exponential growth, demand for storage units using Flash Memories will grow with it. In order to meets these market needs, Toshiba has made major investments in plant and equipment at its Yokkaichi memory fab, and is resolutely committed to develop new products. This brochure highlights Toshiba's Flash Memory and other Memory Solutions. Toshiba's Leading Technology Areas Features of Toshiba's Flash Memory W Process W Fast storage of large files W Multi-Level Cell (MLC) W Fast write and erase rates W Controller W Low per-bit cost W Die stacking W Easily extendable using the NAND Flash Memory interface W Packaging W Extensive product portfolio to meet diverse needs OProducts with the standard HS-MMC interface OOffers products with the high-speed UHS-I and UHS-II SD bus interfaces OAvailable as SD Memory Cards with unique features – 2 – Toshiba's Flash Memory and controller technologies have found a wide range of applications. -
White Paper Introduction to the Universal Flash Storage Assocation
White Paper Introduction to the Universal Flash Storage Assocation Executive Summary Universal Flash Storage (UFS) is the next generation, high-performance non-volatile storage standard. The UFS standard is defined by JEDEC and incorporates standards from the MIPI® Alliance (M-PHY and UniProSM) for data transport. UFS utilizes the SCSI Architecture Model supporting multiple commands, including command queuing which enables multi-threaded programming. UFS further supports features of eMMC, the JEDEC embedded storage memory format introduced in 2006. The MIPI M-PHY combines high speed SerDes I/O (up to 5.8Gbps per lane) with multiple operating states to achieve very low power consumption. Building on elements of existing standards will hasten the adoption of UFS by simplifying development and deployment at all levels - from ICs to firmware, system software, test and measurement. The Universal Flash Storage Association (UFSA) is chartered to promote UFS and certify compliance and compatibility of UFS products. Copyright © 2013 Universal Flash Storage Association Universal Flash Storage Association Introduction Introduction Mobile platforms use Non-volatile memory for application (typically embedded on the circuit board) and user storage (embedded and/or removable). Storage devices have to supply fast data transfers of large multimedia files such as video, music and photos as well as actively running multiple applications. Application performance depends heavily on multi-threaded memory transfer rates. Universal Flash Storage (UFS) is the next generation, high-performance Non-volatile storage standard. [1] The UFS standard is maintained by JEDEC, relies on the MIPI® Alliance M-PHY and UniProSM for transport and borrows from the SCSI command set. -
Full Circle Magazine N° 85 1 Full Ciircle Magaziine N''est Affiiliié En Aucune Maniière À Canoniical Ltd
Full Circle LE MAGAZINE INDÉPENDANT DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ UBUNTU LINUX Numéro 85 -Mai 2014 UUBBUUNNTTUU 11 44..0044 MIS SUR LA SELLETTE full circle magazine n° 85 1 Full Ciircle Magaziine n''est affiiliié en aucune maniière à Canoniical Ltd.. sommaire ^ Tutoriels Full Circle LE MAGAZINE INDÉPENDANT DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ UBUNTU LINUX Python p.1 1 ActusLinux p.04 LibreOffice p.1 4 Command&Conquer p.09 Arduino p.25 Demandez au petitnouveau p.29 GRUB2etMultibooting p.17 LaboLinux p.33 Critique:Ubuntu14.04 p.37 Monnaievirtuelle p.39 Blender p.19 Courriers p.42 Tuxidermy p.43 Q&R p.44 Inkscape p.21 Sécurité p.46 Conception Open Source p.47 JeuxUbuntu p.49 Graphismes Les articles contenus dans ce magazine sont publiés sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Cela signifie que vous pouvez adapter, copier, distribuer et transmettre les articles mais uniquement sous les conditions suivantes : vous devez citer le nom de l'auteur d'une certaine manière (au moins un nom, une adresse e-mail ou une URL) et le nom du magazine (« Full Circle Magazine ») ainsi que l'URL www.fullcirclemagazine.org (sans pour autant suggérer qu'ils approuvent votre utilisation de l'œuvre). Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, vous devez distribuerla création qui en résulte sous la même licence ou une similaire. Full Circle Magazine est entièrement indépendantfull de circle Canonical, magazine le sponsor n° 85 des projets2 Ubuntu. Vous ne devez en aucun cas présumer que les avis et les opinions exprimés ici ont reçu l'approbation de Canonical.