A.D.W.R HYDROLOGIC MAP SERIES REPORT NO. 35 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEPTH TO WATER AND WATER - LEVEL ALTITUDE, SHEET 1 OF 3

R. 4 E. T. 9 N. CAREFREE EXPLANATION FOUNTAIN HILLS

LAKE PLEASANT R. 5 E. UPPER NUMBER, 95, IS DEPTH TO 95 WELL IN WHICH DEPTH TO WATER WAS MEASURED IN 1997-1998 AND 2002-2003. HASSAYAMPA WATER IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE. LOWER NUMBER,1084, IS THE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER LEVEL IN FEET R. 3 E. 112 00 1084 ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DATUM IS REFERENCED TO THE NATIONAL VERTICAL GEODETIC DATUM OF 1929. R. 3 W.

WEST SALT RIVER VALLEY T. BASIN-FILL DEPOSITS, (SILT, SAND, CLAY, GRAVEL, CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE, MUDSTONE, EVAPORITES, AND 112 30 VOLCANICS). 8 EAST SALT RIVER VALLEY N. 34 00 34 00 R. 2 E. HARDROCK (GRANITIC, METAMORPHIC, VOLCANIC OR CONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTARY ROCK - WATER MAY OCCUR IN RAINBOW VALLEY R. 2 W. WEATHERED OR FRACTURED ZONES, JOINT SYSTEMS, OR FLUVIAL DEPOSITS OVERLYING BEDROCK). R. 4 W. T. 7 INDIAN RESERVATIONS Sub-Basins in the Phoenix AMA N. R. 5 W. R. 6 W. MAJOR HIGHWAY 112 45 R. 6 E. R. 1 W. R. 7 W. R. 1 E. MAJOR WATERWAY R. 8 W. 111 45

T. 1650 GENERAL DIRECTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE PRIMARY PART OF THE MAIN AQUIFER 113 00 6

N. 2150 112 15 BOUNDARY BETWEEN HARDROCK AND BASIN FILL 1600 2200 1500 1550 Cave Creek 1300 1450 WATER LEVEL CONTOURS - SHOWS THE APPROXIMATE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER-LEVEL. THE NUMBER 1100

1400 2100 1100 REPRESENTS 1100 FEET ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DASHED WHERE INFERRED. 1250 1450 1500 1400 R. 7 E. SUB-BASIN BOUNDARY 1350 2250 1300 1300 1200 RIVER 1250 BOUNDARY OF PHOENIX AMA 1250

RIVER 1350

T. 1150 HIGHWAY SYMBOL (Source: Jim Mossman, Data Deja Vu, 2002) 5 FRIA

N. 1300 1000

1200 FOR READERS WHO PREFER TO USE METRIC UNITS RATHER THAN INCH-FEET UNITS, 1150 1200 1050 1250 UNION HILLS RIVER THE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT ARE LISTED BELOW: 33 45 HASSAYAMPA CAP CANAL AGUA PINNACLE 33 45

1250 PEAK ENGLISH UNITS METRIC UNITS 1200 1150 1 INCH 25.4 MILLIMETERS Luke Air Force Base 1100 1050 NEW 1050 1 FOOT 0.3048 METERS 1000 1150 1 MILE 1.609 KILOMETERS 950 950 MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS T. 1 SQUARE MILE 2.59 SQUARE KILOMETERS HEDGPETH 1000 CAP CANAL 1 ACRE-FEET 0.001233 CUBIC HECTOMETERS 4 HASSAYAMPA PLAINS HILLS

N. 1100 CREEK

1200

SKUNK VERDE RIVER

1100 1200 750 900 CAVE CREEK 800 1000

WHITE T. 800

3 1150 900 850 Fountain HILLS N. 900 750 1150 SCALE BARS TONOPAH DESERT 800

1100 800 900 GRANITE 5 0 5 STATUTE MILES CAP CANAL 950 1050 REEF DAM

750 Paradise Valley 900 800 950 1000 1050 5 0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Scottsdale Tonopah 1050 USERY T. 850 2 1000 1100 MOUNTAINS 33 30 33 30 N. 1000 R. 8 E.

1200 SALT RIVER 1150

1100 111 30 950 900 Phoenix 1150

PALO VERDE HILLS 900 1050 R. 11 E. 900 1050 T. 111 15 R. 9 E. 1 850 1100 N. R. 10 E. 900 900 23rd Ave R. 12 E. WWTP

800 Discharge 1050 SALT RIVER 850 Apache Junction Tempe Mesa 750 1050 800 850 91st Ave 950 WWTP 1000

T. 700 Discharge R. 13 E. Arlington RIVER 1 1100 S. GILA SOUTH MOUNTAINS 1050 BUCKEYE HILLS 800

1000 1150 CENTENNIAL WASH CAP CANAL 850

750 SIERRRA ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS 800

33 15 33 15 33 15 GILA BEND Queen Creek 1150 T. 1150 1200 2 113 00 1150 S. MOUNTAINS 112 45 1100 QUEEN CREEK

GILLESPIE DAM 1150 1200

1050 750 1150 800 WATERMAN WASH 1100 111 15 850 GILA RIVER T. 3 S. SANTAN MOUNTAINS

112 00 114 113 112 111 110 109

1200 37 37

1100 1250 112 30 36 36

T. C O C O N I N O

1150 111 30 4 Flagstaff KINGMAN

EXPLANATION APACHE S. FIG . 1 1200 NAVAJO 35 35 M O H A V E The Phoenix Active Management Area (AMA) is subdivided into seven legislatively defined sub-basins The (CAP), a 336-mile aqueduct designed to carry about 1.5 million acre-feet Y A V A P A I Holbrook (fig. 1, sheet 1): three hydrologically interconnected east valley sub-basins [East Salt River Valley of surface water annually from the to Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties, began de - (ESRV), Carefree and Fountain Hills] and four hydrologically interconnected west valley sub-basins livery to the Phoenix metropolitan area in 1985. In 2003, deliveries of CAP water to the Phoenix AMA Prescott [West Salt River Valley (WSRV), Lake Pleasant, Hassayampa and Rainbow Valley]. Hydrologic inter- totaled more than 300,000 acre-feet (CAP, 2004). 900 connection between the east and west valley sub-basins is minimal. Hydrographs and maps showing 34 34 M A R I C O P A groundwater level contours are presented for each of the sub-basins. Discussion of groundwater con- Climate in the Phoenix AMA is semi-arid. Precipitation averages about 7.6 inches per year (WRCC, L A PAZ G I L A ditions and water-level changes focuses on the larger East and West Salt River Valley sub-basins. The 2004a). The Phoenix area as well as much of the State of Arizona is in the midst of a drought that PHOENIX sub-basins of the Phoenix AMA are located almost entirely within Maricopa except for a portion began in 1996 (fig. 3, sheet 1). During this drought, average annual precipitation has been below of the southeastern ESRV, which is located in Pinal County and small hardrock areas of the northern normal in six of the past eight years. 33 33 Y U M A Hassaymapa, WSRV and Lake Pleasant Sub-basins located in County. 33 00 G R A H A M GREENLEE 33 00 111 45 P I N A L Y uma Water-level data presented in this report were collected and compiled by the Field Services Section of T. TUCSON the Arizona Department of Water Resources from November 2002 to February 2003. Historic pump - P I M A Fig. 34 112 15 age data were compiled by the Hydrology Division and the Phoenix AMA Office. 5 32 Total Annual Precipitation (inches) 32 C O C H I S E (Phoenix WSFO AP, Station:026481) S. 114 Land and Water Use SANTA 113 16.0 CRUZ Land use within the Phoenix AMA has become increasingly urban with the expansion of the Phoe - 112 Nogales nix metropolitan area into native desert and previously irrigated agricultural areas. The population of 111 110 109

Maricopa County, which includes the Phoenix metropolitan area, has increased more than 50 percent 0 50 100 MILES since 1990 from approximately 2,122,100 to 3,194,800 in 2001 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2003). By 1995, T. urban land use in the Phoenix AMA (Maricopa county portion only and excluding the Gila River Indian Carefree Sub-basin 12.0 6 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS Reservation) exceeded agricultural land use (ASU CAPLTER, 2003). Combined irrigated acreage of Hassayampa Sub-basin agricultural land in the East and West sub-basins (Maricopa county only and excluding the Gila River S. Groundwater in the Carefree Sub-basin occurs under a variety of conditions. Water bearing units Hydrographs for selected wells throughout the AMA are presented in Sheet 3. The Hydrographs were INDEX MAP SHOWING AREA OF REPORT (SHADED) Indian Reservation) decreased from approximately 264,000 acres in 1995 to less than 200,000 acres in The Hassayampa Sub-basin is further divided into the upper Hassayampa Plain and the Lower Has- may consist of unconsolidated streambed alluvium, and various members of the Carefree Formation prepared using data from ADWR’s Groundwater Site Inventory (GWSI) Database. 2000 while urban land use has increased from approximately 280,000 acres to more than 420,000 over sayampa Area. Groundwater in the upper Hassayampa Plain occurs primarily under unconfi ned (HydroSystems, 2000). Local areas of fractured schist, gneiss and granite also yield water to wells the same time period (ASU CAPLTER, 2003). Prior to the early 1990’s agriculture was the dominant (Littin, 1979). Groundwater conditions in the basin-fi ll deposits (Long, 1983). The upper Hassayampa Plain is predominantly land use in the Phoenix AMA. 8.0 undeveloped with few existing wells scattered over a large area. Average References Groundwater occurs under generally unconfi ned conditions throughout most of the alluvial-fi lled basins The Carefree Formation is the major water-producing unit, with the majority of water pumped in the basin coming from its various members (HydroSystems, 2000). Pumpage in the Carefree Sub-basin Despite the decrease in agricultural land use, groundwater withdrawn for agriculture still exceeds that and local hardrock areas of the Phoenix AMA. Depths to water range from just below land surface to Groundwater in the Lower Hassayampa Area occurs primarily under unconfi ned conditions in the precipitation (inches) precipitation is primarily for domestic use, municipal use and golf course irrigation. Reported pumpage in the sub- ADWR, 2001, Arizona Department of Water Resources Hydrology Division Water Resources Section. withdrawn for municipal and industrial use. In 2000, agricultural use accounted for approximately more than 800 feet below land surface. basin-fi ll deposits (Stulik, 1974), with smaller amounts under locally confined, artesian, or perched basin has decreased from approximately 3,700 acre-feet in 1990 to less than 2,100 acre-feet in 2002. Memo to File, Water Availability review for a Certifi cate of Assured Water Supply, Verde 54.7% of all groundwater withdrawn in the AMA, and municipal (including domestic) and industrial conditions (Long, 1983). Agricultural development in the Lower Hassayampa Area began in the early Estates, application no. 27-400468,dated March, 2001. HydroSystems, 1999, Fountain Hills Sanitary District, Fountain Hills, Arizona, Underground Storage (including mining and turf-related facilities) use was approximately 31.9% and 13.4%, respectively. The main aquifer systems of both the east and west sub-basins are composed primarily of basin-fi ll 1950’s (Stulik, 1974) and continues to the present, particularly in the area near Tonopah. 4.0 As a result of historic heavy pumping, cones of depression formed near the Carefree Airport in the Facility and Aquifer Protection Permit Applications. HydroSystems, Inc., Tempe AZ. From 1990 to 2002, the highest total groundwater pumpage in the AMA was in 1990 while the lowest deposits. Previous investigations by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1976) divided these deposits south-central portion of the basin and in the northern part of the Town of Cave Creek. The depression ADWR, 2003a, Arizona Department of Water Resources Hydrology Division Modeling Unit. Personal was in 1992. However, since 1992 the trend has been a general increase in total annual pumpage into three hydrogeologic units. Groundwater pumpage from the Hassyampa Sub-Basin (primarily from the Lower Hassayampa Area) near the airport reached its largest extent in 1993 (Bernier, 2001), and is currently less pronounced. communication with Phil Janke. HydroSystems, 2000, North Scottsdale Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project, Full Scale Underground (fig. 2, sheet 1). was about 49,000 acre-feet in 2002. Although this is only half as much pumped throughout the 1970’s Storage Facility Permit Application. HydroSystems, Inc., Tempe AZ. The units were further defined as the Upper Alluvial Unit (UAU), Middle Alluvial Unit (MAU) and the and 80’s, groundwater depressions are still present in both the Centennial Wash and the Tonopah However, the cone of depression centered in the southeast quarter of section 21 in Township 6N, ADWR, 2003b, Arizona Department of Water Resources Hydrology Division Surveying Unit. Personal Lower Alluvial Unit (LAU) by Corkhill and others (1993) in the East and West Salt River Valley Sub-ba- areas. (fig. 1, sheet 1). Recent water-level declines are limited to the Tonopah area (sheet 2). Three Range 4E in the northern part of the Town of Cave Creek, is still well defi ned. (fig 1, sheet 1.) communication with Maurice Tatlow. Laney, R. L., and Hahn, M. E., 1986, Hydrogeology of the Eastern Part of the Salt River Valley Area, Fig. 32 0.0 sins. Location, thickness and composition of the units are described in detail by Brown & Pool (1989) newly constructed power plants have also recently begun operation in the Lower Hassayampa Area 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona. U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation Total Annual Pumpage in the Phoenix AMA and Laney & Hahn (1986). Each of the units is characterized by distinct hydrologic properties that with a total projected annual water use of more than 17,000 acre-feet. Fountain Hills Sub-basin ADWR, 2003c, Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix AMA. Personal communication with Report 86-4147. 1400000 year vary in extent and thickness throughout the Phoenix AMA. Detailed hydrologic properties of the units Source: WRRC, 2004a Virginia O’Connell. in the East and West Salt River Valley Sub-basins are listed by Township, Range and section in ADWR Rainbow Valley Sub-basin The hydrogeology of the Fountain Hills Sub-basin is not well documented. A geologic cross-section through the Town of Fountain Hills prepared by HydroSystems (1999), indicates a confined aquifer Littin, G. R., 1979, Maps Showing Groundwater Conditions in the New-River-Cave Creek Area, Maricopa 1200000 Modeling Report No. 6 (Correll and Corkhill, 1994). Groundwater in the Rainbow Valley Sub-basin (also known as the Waterman Wash Area) occurs system consisting primarily of clays and interbedded conglomerates. Separate aquifer systems occur ASU CAPLTER, 2003, Preliminary and revised data compiled by the Central Arizona Phoenix Long- and Yavapai Counties, Arizona-1979. U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation termEcological Research Historic Land Use Team. Center for Environmental Studies, Open- File Report 79-1068. Prior to extensive pumping in the AMA, groundwater flowed primarily from ESRV to the WSRV along or under unconfi ned conditions in the basin-fi ll alluvial deposits that underlie the valley (Stulik, 1982). within the recent alluvium in the streams and washes around the Town of Fountain Hills (HydroSystems 1000000 The average daily temperature in the Phoenix metropolitan area has been increasing steadily dur - Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. toward the Salt and Gila Rivers. Groundwater exited the AMA near the former Gillespie Dam (Freethey Groundwater pumping in the sub-basin began in the 1940’s with the development of agriculture in 1999) and along the Verde River. In the area on the west side of the Verde River, east of ing the past 50 years (fig. 4, sheet 1). The average daily temperature for 2003 was 76.3 ºF, (WRCC, Long, M. R., 1983, Maps Showing Groundwater Conditions in the Hassayampa Sub-basin of the Phoenix and Anderson, 1986). By1964, a large groundwater depression had formed east of the White Tank the area. By 1952, continued pumpage resulted in the development of a groundwater depression in and north of the McDowell Mountains, groundwater is present in an aquifer comprised of decomposed 2004b). Bernier, Joseph C., 2001, Report on the Year 2001 static water level measurements in the Carefree- Active Management Area, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona-1982. Arizona Department 800000 Mountains, redirecting flow from virtually all directions in the WSRV toward the depression. (ADWR, the northwest portion of the sub-basin (Stulik, 1982). Although annual pumpage has declined from a and fractured granites (ADWR, 2001). East of this area, a clay sequence as thick as 600 feet is en - Cave Creek Basin. Joseph C. Bernier & Associates, Glendale, AZ. of Water Resources Hydrologic Map Series No. 10. 2003a). By 1983, localized groundwater depressions caused primarily by decades of agricultural pump- high of 72,000 acre-feet in 1972 (Stulik, 1982) to less than 7,000 acre-feet in 2002, the groundwater countered toward the Verde River. The clay acts as a barrier to groundwater flow between the shallow alluvial aquifer along the Verde River and the decomposed and fractured granites (ADWR, 2001). pumpage in acre-feet 600000 ing had formed throughout the AMA (Reeter and Remick, 1986). As a result, a groundwater divide has depression is still evident. (fi g. 1, sheet 1). Brown, J. G. and Pool, D. R., 1989, Hydrogeology of the Western Part of the Salt River Valley, Mari- McCormick, H. F., Fisk, G. G., Duet, N. R., Evans, D. W., Roberts, W. P., Castillo, N. K., 2003, Water Fig. 45 formed in the southwest quarter of Township 1N, Range 4E that essentially severed the hydraulic con- copa County, Arizona. U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation Report 88- Resources Data for Arizona, Water Year 2002, Water-Data Report AZ-02-1. U. S. Geological Phoenix Average Annual Temperature nection between the ESRV and WSRV sub-basins (Corkhill and others, 1993). Lake Pleasant Sub-basin Most of the groundwater development in the Fountain Hills Sub-basin is limited to the area around the 400000 4202. Survey, WRD, Tucson, AZ. (Phoenix WSFO AP, Station:026481) town of Fountain Hills and the area west of the retirement community of Rio Verde. Groundwater pump- Although groundwater levels in the ESRV have risen somewhat, the map prepared for this report (fig. The hydrogeologic units of the Lake Pleasant Sub-basin consist of unconsolidated basin fill and age is primarily for domestic use, municipal use and golf course irrigation. Both the number of wells 78 Central Arizona Project, 2004, Central Arizona Project CY 2003 Annual Turnout Delivery Summary. Reeter, R.W. and Remick, W.H., 1986, Maps Showing Groundwater Conditions in the West Salt River, 200000 1, sheet 1) shows that most of the groundwater depressions depicted on the 1983 and 1992 maps streambed alluvium underlain by sedimentary sandstone and conglomerate. The sedimentary layer and the volume of groundwater pumped in the sub-basin has increased steadily since 1990. Reported East Salt River, Lake Pleasant, Carefree and Fountain Hills Sub-basins of the Phoenix Active (Reeter and Remick, 1986 and Hammett and Herther, 1995, respectively) are still evident. The ground- is underlain locally by Tertiary volcanics and Precambrian schist. The unconsolidated basin fill, inter- pumpage in 2002 was about 4,700 acre-feet compared to 1990 when pumpage was just over 2,500 acre-feet. Cordy, G. E., Gellenbeck, D. J., Gebler, J. B., Anning, D. W., Coes, A. L., Edmonds, R. J., Rees, J. Management Area, Maricopa, Pinal and Yavapai Counties, Arizona-1983. Arizona Department 0 water divide that developed around 1983 between the East and West Salt River Valley sub-basins is bedded with volcanics, intrusives and conglomerate make up the main water-producing aquifer in the 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 76 A. H., and Sanger, H. W., 2000, Water Quality in the Central Arizona Basins, Arizona, 1995- of Water Resources Hydrologic Map Series No.12. Source: ADWRWRRC, 2003b still present. sub-basin (Clear Creek & Associates, 2003). year Water Level Changes 98: U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1213, 38 p. on-line at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ 1213/ Schumann, H. H., and O’Day, C. M., 1995, Investigation of Hydrogeology, Land Subsidence, and Earth West Salt River Valley Sub-basin Annual pumpage in the Lake Pleasant Sub-basin is minimal. Since 1992, reported pumpage has averaged about 1,550 acre-feet per year and has exceeded 2,000 acre-feet in only three of the past Since 1997, signifi cant changes in water levels have been recorded throughout the AMA. The area Fissures, Luke Air Force Base, Arizona. U. S. Geological Survey Administrative Report. Physiographical Setting 74 Corkhill, E. F., Correl, S. W., Hill, B. M. and Carr, D. A., 1993 A Regional Flow Model of the Salt River The sources of groundwater in the WSRV are spread almost evenly among the three alluvial units: 32 13 years. with the largest increases in water levels from 1997 to 2000 (from +25 to +75 feet) is in the southeast Valley - Phase I, Phoenix Active Management Area, Hydrogeologic Framework and Basic Stulik, R. S., 1974, Ground-water conditions in the Lower Hassayampa Area, Maricopa County, Arizona: percent from the UAU, 33 percent from the MAU, and 35 percent from the LAU (ADWR, 2003a). About portion of the ESRV while the largest and most extensive area of decline (from -25 to -50 feet) is in the The Phoenix AMA is located primarily in south-central Arizona. This area is part of the Basin and DataReport. Arizona Department of Water Resources Modeling Report No. 6. Arizona Water Commission Bulletin 8. 6,817,500 acre-feet of groundwater was withdrawn from the WSRV from 1990 to 2002. East Salt River Valley Sub-basin WSRV (sheet 2). Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931). It is characterized by alluvium filled basins separated by elongated fault-block mountain ranges. 72 Correl, S. W., and Corkhill, E. F., 1994, A Regional Flow Model of the Salt River Valley – Phase II, Stulik, R. S., 1982, Ground-water conditions in the Waterman Wash Area, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Major sources of groundwater recharge in the WSRV include incidental recharge of agricultural irriga - The primary source of groundwater in the ESRV is the LAU. Nearly half (49 percent) of the total The areas where substantial water-level rises have occurred coincide with sizeable decreases of ag - Phoenix Active Management Area, Hydrogeologic Framework and Basic Data Report. Ariz- Arizona: Arizona Department of Water Resources Hydrologic Map Series No. 8. tion (approx. 200,000 acre-feet/year) and effluent discharged from the City of Phoenix 23rd and 91st pumpage in the ESRV is withdrawn from the LAU, 40 percent from the MAU, and only 11 percent from riculture combined with increased use of surface water, (primarily CAP) in lieu of groundwater on the The major drainages include the Salt, Gila, Verde, Hassayampa, Agua Fria and New Rivers, Queen, ona Department of Water Resources Modeling Report No. 6. Ave. wastewater treatment plants (approx. 40,000 acre-feet/year). An increasing amount of aquifer the UAU (ADWR, 2003a). About 4,257,500 acre-feet of groundwater was withdrawn in the ESRV remaining agricultural land. From 1992 to 2001 more than1.3 million acre-feet of in lieu CAP water was Cave and Skunk Creeks and Indian Bend Wash. Upstream dams and diversions prevent all but the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1976, Central Arizona Project, Geology and Groundwater Resources 70 recharge of surface water and effluent is currently managed at 10 permitted underground storage facili- from 1990 to 2002 (ADWR, 2003a). ‘stored’ in the Phoenix AMA (ADWR, 2003c). Of the 1.3 million acre-feet, most (approx. 75 percent) upper reach of Cave Creek and the Verde River from having natural perennial flow within the Phoenix F) (degrees temperature Clear Creek & Associates, 2003, City of Peoria Groundwater Flow Model of the West Salt River Valley . Report, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona. Vols. 1 & 2. ties (USFs) in the WSRV. Approximately 125,950 acre-feet was stored from 1996 to 2002 via USFs was ‘stored’ in the ESRV. Other small local areas of water-level rise have resulted from artificial re - AMA. The entire flow of the Salt River below Stewart Mountain Dam (except for minor overflow and Clear Creek & Associates, Phoenix, AZ. in the WSRV. From 1996 to 2002, 4,220,088 acre-feet from all sources was recharged in the WSRV Major sources of groundwater recharge in the ESRV include agricultural irrigation (approx. 250,000 charge at many of the permitted USFs located throughout the AMA during infrequent periods of extreme flooding) is diverted at Granite Reef Dam (10 miles downstream) U. S. Census Bureau, 2003, State and County QuickFacts. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, (ADWR, 2003a). acre-feet/year), canal leakage (approx. 22,000 acre-feet/year), and storage at USFs. Aquifer recharge for irrigation and municipal use in the Phoenix AMA (McCormack and others, 2003). Effluent domi - 68 of surface water and effluent is currently managed at 12 permitted USFs in the ESRV. Approximately Within the large area of water-level decline in the WSRV, agricultural land use has continued to de - Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of the Western United States: McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. New PopulationEstimates Program (PEP).Updated annually. http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates. nated perennial flow is also present in the Salt River below the City of Phoenix 23rd and 91st Ave. 789,500 acre-feet was stored from 1995 to 2002 at USFs in the ESRV, and about 6,946,430 acre-feet crease due to expanding urbanization. The extent of the recent water level decline is a result of in - York and London. php wastewater treatment plants. Flows below the City of Phoenix 23rd and 91st Ave wastewater treatment Withdrawal of groundwater in the WSRV from 1990 to 2002 exceeded recharge by almost 2.6 million from all sources was recharged from 1990 to 2002 (ADWR, 2003a). Recharge of groundwater in the creased groundwater pumping over the past five years due in large part to the ongoing drought. Salt plants are comprised primarily of treated effluent discharged by the plants but may also include irriga- acre-feet. This fact, along with historic overpumping in the area around Luke Air Force Base has re - ESRV from 1990 to 2002 exceeded withdrawals by almost 2.7 million acre-feet. River Project (SRP) operates a high number of large-capacity wells in this area of water-level decline Freethey, G. W., and Anderson, T. W., 1986, Predevelopment Hydrologic Conditions in the Alluvial WRCC, 2004a, Monthly Total Precipitation (inches) Station:(026481) Phoenix WSFO AP From Year 1948 tion return flows from agricultural fi elds and rainfall runoff from urban land. 66 sulted in a large groundwater depression known locally as the Luke cone of depression. Coinciding with and has had to rely heavily on pumping these wells during times when surface water is not readily Basins of Arizona and Adjacent Parts of California and New Mexico. USGS Hydrologic In- to Year 2003. Western Regional Climate Center, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 this large groundwater depression, land subsidence of up to 18 feet has been recorded in the vicinity available. At the center of the decline in Township 2N, Range 1E, withdrawals have increased from vestigation Atlas HA-664. Research Institute, Reno, Nevada. http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?azphoe Perennial flow in the near Arlington is also dependant on effluent discharged by the year of Luke Air Force Base (Schuman and O’day, 1995). ADWR is currently monitoring land subsidence Localized pumping near Apache Junction area in the ESRV may be the cause of past earth fissuring less than 40,000 acre-feet in 1997 to more than 60,000 acre-feet in 2002. Throughout the AMA, SRP City of Phoenix 91st Ave wastewater treatment plant. The effluent is mixed with groundwater in the Source: WRRC, 2004b in the WSRV. In addition to the area around Luke Air Force Base, preliminary results have identifi ed and ongoing land subsidence of up to 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) per year (ADWR, 2003b). Other areas in pumped over 300,000 acre-feet of groundwater in 2002 compared to only 77,000 acre-feet in 1998, Hammett, B. A., and Herther, R. L., 1995, Maps Showing Groundwater Conditions in the Phoenix WRCC, 2004b, Phoenix WSFO AP, Arizona Monthly Average (Degrees Fahrenheit) Station:(026481). Buckeye Canal and used to irrigate cotton and other crops. Downstream, effluent and irrigation return several areas of active land subsidence as high as 7 cm (2.75 inches) per year between 1997 and the ESRV with documented earth fissures and/or land subsidence are in the vicinities of Queen Creek, when surface water was readily available and demand was lower due to above average annual rain - Active Management Area, Maricopa, Pinal and Yavapai Counties, Arizona-1992. Arizona Western Regional Climate Center, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, flows in the Buckeye Canal are discharged into the river near Arlington (Cordy and others, 2000 2000. (ADWR, 2003b). North Scottsdale and Paradise Valley (ADWR, 2003b). fall. Department of Water Resources Hydrologic Map Series. No. 27. Reno, Nevada.http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?azphoe

BASE MAP FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THESE HYDROLOGIC MAPS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 1954,REV.1969,1:250,000 MAPS SHOWING GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN THE PHOENIX ACTIVE MANAGEMENT AREA INFORMATION CENTRAL, 3550 NORTH CENTRAL AVE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 85012. THE HYDROLOGIC DATA ON WHICH THESE ADWR BOOKSTORE MESA, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1978, 1:125,000 MAPS ARE BASED ARE AVAILABLE AT THE ADWR BOOKSTORE. (602) 771-8638 HOLBROOK, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1970, 1:250,000 Phone: (602) 771-8638 MARICOPA, PINAL, AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA—NOV. 2002- FEB. 2003 AJO, ARIZONA, 1953, REV. 1969, 1:250,000 F ax: (602) 771-8690 WEBSITE: www. azwater.gov BY S.J. RASCONA THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES A.D.W.R HYDROLOGIC MAP SERIES REPORT NO. 35 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER LEVEL CHANGE MAP SHEET 2 OF 3

R. 4 E. T. 9 N.

CAREFREE FOUNTAIN HILLS EXPLANATION LAKE PLEASANT R. 5 E.

HASSAYAMPA R. 3 E. WELL IN WHICH DEPTH TO WATER WAS MEASURED IN 1997- 1998 AND 2002 - 2003 THE NUMBER -12 IS THE DIFFERENCE, 112 00 -12 IN FEET BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS FOR THE TIME PERIOD 1997 - 1998 TO 2002 - 2003. UNSIGNED VALUES DENOTE WEST SALT RIVER VALLEY R. 3 W. RISES IN WATER LEVELS AND VALUES WITH NEGATIVE SIGNS DENOTE DECLINES IN WATER LEVELS. T. 8 112 30 51 WELL WITH HYDROGRAPHS. THE NUMBER 51 IS THE NUMBER OF THE HYDROGRAPH IN PLATE 3. EAST SALT RIVER VALLEY N. 34 00 34 00 RAINBOW VALLEY BASIN-FILL DEPOSITS, (SILT, SAND, CLAY, GRAVEL, CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE, MUDSTONE, EVAPORITES, AND T. R. 2 W. R. 2 E. VOLCANICS 7 N. NEW RIVER MOUNTAINS Sub-BasinsSub-Basins in the in the Phoenix Phoenix AMA AMA HARDROCK (GRANITIC, METAMORPHIC, VOLCANIC OR CONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTARY ROCK - WATER MAY OCCUR IN WEATHERED OR FRACTURED ZONES, JOINT SYSTEMS, OR FLUVIAL DEPOSITS OVERLYING BEDROCK). R. 4 W. HIEROGLYPHIC MOUNTAINS R. 5 W. MAJOR HIGHWAY R. 6 W. R. 6 E. 112 45 MAJOR WATERWAYS R. 1 W. R. 1 E. 111 45 R. 8 W. R. 7 W. T. 6 113 00 BOUNDARY BETWEEN HARDROCK AND BASIN FILL N. VULTURE MOUNTAINS

112 15 72 SUB-BASIN BOUNDARY

Cave Creek BOUNDARY OF PHOENIX AMA

56 R.7 E. 38 HIGHWAY SYMBOL (Source: Jim Mossman, Data Deja Vu, 2002) RIVER T.

RIVER 5 N. FRIA

HEDGPETH FOR READERS WHO PREFER TO USE METRIC UNITS RATHER THAN INCH-FEET UNITS, HILLS THE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT ARE LISTED BELOW: CAP CANAL UNION HILLS ENGLISH UNITS METRIC UNITS 33 45 6 AGUA 74 PINNACLE 33 45 32 1 INCH 25.4 MILLIMETERS PEAK 1 FOOT 0.3048 METERS

1 MILE 1.609 KILOMETERS 1 SQUARE MILE 2.59 SQUARE KILOMETERS 5 31 MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS T. 1 ACRE-FEET 0.001233 CUBIC HECTOMETERS 4 Luke Air Force Base 55 N. HASSAYAMPA

HASSAYAMPA PLAINS RIVER NEW 22 CREEK

BELMONT MOUNTAINS

VERDE RIVER

30 SKUNK

28 19 CAVE CREEK 73 T. 53 3 29 21 N. TONOPAH DESERT Fountain Hills SCALE BARS CAP CANAL CAP CANAL 20 54 5 0 5 STATUTE MILES 3 GRANITE REEF DAM 14 15 50 5 0 5 10 KILOMETERS 4 27 51 26 USERY MOUNTAINS T. 33 30 18 33 30 2 16 Paradise Valley R. 8 E. N. 52 Tonopah 23 111 30 17 Phoenix Scottsdale SALT RIVER 42 PALO VERDE HILLS 11 40 39 2 9 R. 11 E. T. 41 48 24 111 15 1 1 R. 9 E. N. 13 R. 10 E. 25 43 44 CENTENNIAL WASH 12 45 23rd Ave SALT RIVER R. 12 E. WWTP Discharge

Tempe Mesa 46 Apache Junction SUPERSTITION MOUNTAINS 10 49

91st Ave R. 13 E. WWTP CAP CANAL Discharge 57 47 T. Arlington GILA RIVER 1 GILA RIVER S. 8

BUCKEYE SOUTH MOUNTAINS HILLS 33 59 61 7 62 58 60

35 SIERRRA ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS 33 15 65 33 15 33 15 T. GILA BEND 63 2 S. QUEEN CREEK 113 00 MOUNTAINS 112 45 64 GILLESPIE DAM 34 Queen Creek 66 67

64.8 WATERMAN WASH 68 111 15 T. GILA RIVER 3 70 S. 36 SANTAN MOUNTAINS

69 114 113 112 111 110 109 112 00 37 37

EXPLANATION OF DIFFERENT COLOR ZONES, RISES AND DECLINES IN FEET 71 36 36 112 30 (1997- 1998 TO 2002-2003). COCONINO

Flagstaff WATER-LEVEL RISES WATER-LEVEL DECLINES T. KINGMAN APACHE 111 30 NAVAJO 4 35 35 >50 - 0 to 10 MOHAVE S. YAVAPAI Holbrook

40 to 50 - 10 to 19.9 Prescott 34 34 MARICOPA 37 L A PAZ 30 to 40 - 20 to 29.9 GILA PHOENIX

33 33 YUMA GRAHAM GREENLEE 20 to 30 - 30 to 39.9 T. PINAL 5 33 00 Y uma 33 00 TUCSON S. 111 45 10 to 20 - 40 to 49.9 P I M A 32 32 COCHISE 114 SANTA 113 0 to 10 > - 50 112 15 CRUZ 112 Nogales 111 110 109

0 50 100 MILES

0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS T. INDEX MAP SHOWING AREA 6 OF REPORT (SHADED) S.

BASE MAP FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THESE HYDROLOGIC MAPS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 1954,REV.1969,1:250,000 MAPS SHOWING GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN THE PHOENIX ACTIVE MANAGEMENT AREA INFORMATION CENTRAL, 3550 NORTH CENTRAL AVE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 85012. THE HYDROLOGIC DATA ON WHICH THESE MESA, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1978, 1:125,000 ADWR BOOKSTORE MAPS ARE BASED ARE AVAILABLE AT THE ADWR BOOKSTORE. (602) 771-8638 HOLBROOK, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1970, 1:250,000 Phone: (602) 771-8638 MARICOPA, PINAL, AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA—NOV. 2002- FEB. 2003 AJO, ARIZONA, 1953, REV. 1969, 1:250,000 Fax: (602) 771 8690 WEBSITE: www.azwater.gov BY S.J. RASCONA D.W.R HYDROLOGIC MAP SERIES REPORT NO. 35 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES HYDROGRAPHS FOR SELECTED WELLS IN THE PHOENIX AMA, SHEET 3 OF 3

HASSAYAMPA UNUSED IRRIGATION IRRIGATION UNUSED IRRIGATION PUBLIC SUPPLY UNUSED COMMERCIAL B-01-05 08DAB A-01-03 18BBC A-04-01 18DAA DEPTH: 300 ft. A-01-05 06BDA1 57 DEPTH: 1000 ft. D-01-05 08DDD2 66 DEPTH: 614 ft. D-02-08 27DDD 1 DEPTH: 304 ft. 12 DEPTH: 410 ft. 22 DEPTH: 771 ft. B-04-01 09BCD 40 48 DEPTH: 300 ft. A-01-08 10DCC1 150 375 75 0 250 31 DEPTH: 500 ft. 50 50 300

200 125 50 300 100 100 425 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

IRRIGATION IRRIGATION B-01-06 11BCA 2 DEPTH: UNKNOWN 49 DEPTH: 700 ft. 250 50 150 A-01-08 32BBA 475 100 350 400 500 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

IRRIGATION D-01-05 36DDD 100 200 58 DEPTH: 500 ft. 525 400 550 100 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 450 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 UNUSED 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 13 DEPTH: 200 ft. A-01-04 18DAD 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 0 IRRIGATION PUBLIC SUPPLY IRRIGATION D-02-09 36DBD 3 DEPTH: 890 ft. B-02-06 05DAA 41 DEPTH:700 ft. A-01-05 16ABB 67 DEPTH: 890 ft. 200 450 UNUSED 150 600 550 B-05-02 35BAA 150 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 32 DEPTH: 1155 ft 300 50

250 200 650 600 200 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 UNUSED 350 100 23 DEPTH: 400 ft. B-01-02 05CBB 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 200 IRRIGATION IRRIGATION 50 DEPTH: 1003 ft. A-02-04 11DCC2 68 DEPTH: 1000 ft. D-03-08 04BBA 300 250 300 300 250 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 400 IRRIGATION 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 14 DEPTH: 600 ft. A-02-01 08DDD 250 IRRIGATION 100 59 DEPTH: 1008 ft. D-01-06 24CCC2 UNUSED 200 350 D-01-01 13DDD1 300 350 350 33 DEPTH: 740 ft. 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 0

300 UNUSED 150 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 DEPTH: 664 ft. A-01-06 03ADA 400 42 400 250 400 300 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 50

UNUSED 4 DEPTH: 390 ft. B-02-07 23CCA 200 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION 200 B-01-03 21DBB 450 300 450 24 DEPTH: 425 ft. 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 100 350 100 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION STOCK DEPTH: 700 ft. A-02-01 14BBA RAINBOW VALLEY 51 DEPTH: 550 ft. A-02-05 10DDD1 15 350 500 100 200 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 250 IRRIGATION 150 DEPTH: 1030 ft. C-02-01 33AAA 34 400 300 UNUSED 69 DEPTH: UNKNOWN D-03-08 20BDC 250 400 150 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 200 300 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 450 STOCK 60 DEPTH: UNKNOWN D-01-07 25ADD 200 350 300 300 400 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION STOCK 25 DEPTH: 350 ft. B-01-04 27ABB IRRIGATION 100 5 DEPTH: 712 ft. B-04-05 05ABB A-02-01 20DDD2 500 350 16 DEPTH: 560 ft 350 350 450 100 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

400 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 MONITOR WELLS 150 61 PZ1, PZ2 D-01-08 21ADB 400 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 400 500 150 550 300 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 MAU 35 DEPTH: 750 ft. C-02-02 10CCC 200 STOCK IRRIGATION IRRIGATION DEPTH: 800 ft. UNUSED 6 B-05-04 24CCD B-02-01 14CBB DEPTH: 1000 ft. A-01-06 16AAB DEPTH: 800 ft. A-02-06 32ACD 26 DEPTH: 708 ft. 250 43 52 Legend Depth: 550 400 200 150 200 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 PZ1 830 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 PZ2 470 IRRIGATION IRRIGATION D-03-09 20DAA A-02-01 36DAD 250 70 DEPTH: 757 ft. 450 17 DEPTH: 700 ft. 400 350 100 200 300 250 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

LAU IRRIGATION 7 DEPTH: 650 ft. C-01-05 29ADC 0 300 450 150 250 350 400 300 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

MONITOR WELLS 62 PZ1, PZ2 D-01-08 30DAA 50 350 200 UNUSED 400 250 450 27 DEPTH: 480 ft. B-02-02 04DCB 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 300 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION 400 100 300 500 18 DEPTH: 702 ft. A-02-02 14CBC2 450 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 100 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 MAU 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 350 IRRIGATION 36 DEPTH: 950 ft. C-03-01 28CDD 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 300 UNUSED UNUSED UNUSED 44 DEPTH: 600 ft. A-01-07 11CAA 71 DEPTH: 485 ft. D-04-08 02CCC DEPTH: 500 ft. C-01-07 14BBB 350 350 200 8 Legend Depth 200 IRRIGATION LAU 150 400 53 DEPTH: 981ft. A-03-04 17BAA 300 PZ1 1084 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 350 PZ2 696

400 400 250 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 250 200 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 350 UNUSED 400 IRRIGATION DEPTH: 1200 ft. B-03-01 08ABB1 UNUSED CAREFREE 28 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 DEPTH: 290 ft. 300 45 DEPTH: 1041 ft. A-01-07 18ACC 63 D-02-05 09DDD 400 75 300 DOMESTIC 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 UNUSED STOCK 72 DEPTH: 350 ft. A-06-04 21DAC 50 19 DEPTH: 1000 ft. A-03-01 04BAA2 37 DEPTH: 750 ft. D-04-01 28CDD 400 300 350 350 125 WEST SALT RIVER VALLEY 450

450 100 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 IRRIGATION 350 400 9 DEPTH: 910 ft. A-01-01 02CCC 400 75 175 500 UNUSED 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 54 DEPTH: 1280 ft. A-03-04 24CAA 225 150 400 450 UNUSED 450 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 64 DEPTH: 717 ft. D-02-06 26DDD 125 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 550 150 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 LAKE PLEASANT 275 450 STOCK FOUNTAIN HILLS DEPTH: 230 ft. A-06-02 30AAA 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 UNUSED 38 200 175 150 600 29 DEPTH: 534 ft. B-03-02 21ABA PUBLIC SUPPLY 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 73 DEPTH: 735 ft. A-03-06 15ABA 325 325 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 250 UNUSED IRRIGATION 200 PUBLIC SUPPLY 10 DEPTH: 100 ft. A-01-01 19DCD1 20 DEPTH: 505 ft. A-03-01 21CBB 46 DEPTH: 1000 ft. A-01-07 26AAC2 PUBLIC SUPPLY 400 475 0 200 55 DEPTH: 1169 ft. A-04-04 13CCC 575 375 300 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 250 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 450 50 250 525 DOMESTIC 625 74 DEPTH: 1960 ft. A-05-06 27ADD EAST SALT RIVER VALLEY 350 300

UNUSED 100 300 500 39 DEPTH: 610 ft. A-01-04 02DBB 575 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 350 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 125 675 400 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

IRRIGATION UNUSED IRRIGATION MONITOR WELLS IRRIGATION 11 DEPTH: 500 ft. A-01-02 09AAB2 21 DEPTH: 851 ft. A-03-02 22BAA 30 DEPTH: 1030 ft. B-04-02 36BCB 47 PZ1, PZ2, PZ3 A-01-07 36DAA2 65 DEPTH: 1524 ft. D-02-07 04ADD 400 50 275 400 175 450 725 250 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 LAU LAU DOMESTIC 450 56 DEPTH: 480 ft. A-06-02 25BDD1 100 325 450 225 250 500 Legend Depth: MAU 300 PZ 1 1241 PZ 2 932 500 PZ 3 599

150 375 500 275 300 350 550 1995 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1965 1975 1985 2005 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 550

EXPLANATION 600 MAU-Middle Alluvial Unit of the basin-fill deposits 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 LAU-Lower Alluvial Unit of the basin-fill deposits

BASE MAP FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THESE HYDROLOGIC MAPS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, ADWR BOOKSTORE PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 1954,REV.1969,1:250,000 MAPS SHOWING GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN THE PHOENIX ACTIVE MANAGEMENT AREA INFORMATION CENTRAL, 3550 NORTH CENTRAL AVE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 85013. THE HYDROLOGIC DATA ON WHICH THESE PHONE: (602) 771-8638 MESA, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1978, 1:125,000 MAPS ARE BASED ARE AVAILABLE AT THE ADWR BOOKSTORE. (602) 771-8638 FAX: (602) 771-8690 HOLBROOK, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1970, 1:250,000 MARICOPA, PINAL, AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA—NOV. 2002 - FEB. 2003 WEBSITE: www.azwater.gov AJO, ARIZONA, 1953, REV. 1969, 1:250,000 BY S.J. RASCONA A.D.W.R HYDROLOGIC MAP SERIES REPORT NO. 35 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEPTH TO WATER AND WATER - LEVEL ALTITUDE, SHEET 1 OF 3

R. 4 E. T. 9 EXPLANATION

CAREFREE N. CAREFREE FOUNTAIN HILLS WELL IN WHICH DEPTH TO WATER WAS MEASURED IN 1997-1998 AND 2002-2003. UPPER NUMBER, 95, IS DEPTH TO R. 5 E. 95 LAKE PLEASANT WATER IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE. LOWER NUMBER,1084, IS THE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER LEVEL IN FEET 1084 ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DATUM IS REFERENCED TO THE NATIONAL VERTICAL GEODETIC DATUM OF 1929. HASSAYAMPA R. 3 E. 112 00

R. 3 W. BASIN-FILL DEPOSITS, (SILT, SAND, CLAY, GRAVEL, CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE, MUDSTONE, EVAPORITES, AND WEST SALT RIVER VALLEY VOLCANICS). T. 112 30 8 HARDROCK (GRANITIC, METAMORPHIC, VOLCANIC OR CONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTARY ROCK - WATER MAY OCCUR IN EAST SALT RIVER VALLEY N. 34 00 34 00 R. 2 E. WEATHERED OR FRACTURED ZONES, JOINT SYSTEMS, OR FLUVIAL DEPOSITS OVERLYING BEDROCK). RAINBOW VALLEY R. 2 W. R. 4 W. INDIAN RESERVATIONS T. 7 Sub-Basins in the Phoenix AMA N. NEW RIVER MOUNTAINS MAJOR HIGHWAY R. 5 W. R. 6 W. R. 6 E. MAJOR WATERWAY 112 45 R. 7 W. R. 1 W. R. 1 E. 111 45 R. 8 W. GENERAL DIRECTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE PRIMARY PART OF THE MAIN AQUIFER

T. HIEROGLYPHIC MOUNTAINS 1650 113 00 VULTURE MOUNTAINS 6 BOUNDARY BETWEEN HARDROCK AND BASIN FILL

N. 2150 112 15 1600 2200 WATER LEVEL CONTOURS - SHOWS THE APPROXIMATE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER-LEVEL. THE NUMBER 1100 1500 1550 1100 Cave Creek REPRESENTS 1100 FEET ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DASHED WHERE INFERRED. 1300 1450

1400 2100 SUB-BASIN BOUNDARY 1250 1450 1500 1400 R. 7 E. 1350 2250 BOUNDARY OF PHOENIX AMA 1300 1300 1250 1200 RIVER 1250 HIGHWAY SYMBOL (Source: Jim Mossman, Data Deja Vu, 2002) RIVER 1350

T. 1150 5 FRIA

N. 1300 FOR READERS WHO PREFER TO USE METRIC UNITS RATHER THAN INCH-FEET UNITS, 1000 THE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT ARE LISTED BELOW: 1200

1150 1200 1050 1250 UNION HILLS ENGLISH UNITS METRIC UNITS RIVER 33 45 HASSAYAMPA CAP CANAL AGUA PINNACLE 33 45

1250 PEAK 1 INCH 25.4 MILLIMETERS 1200 1150 1 FOOT 0.3048 METERS 1 MILE 1.609 KILOMETERS Luke Air Force Base 1100 1050 NEW 1050 1 SQUARE MILE 2.59 SQUARE KILOMETERS 1000 1150 950 950 1 ACRE-FEET 0.001233 CUBIC HECTOMETERS MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS T. HEDGPETH 1000 CAP CANAL 4 HASSAYAMPA PLAINS HILLS

N. 1100 CREEK BELMONT MOUNTAINS

1200

SKUNK VERDE RIVER

1100 1200 750 900 CAVE CREEK 800 1000

WHITE TANK MOUNTAINS T. 800

3 1150 900 850 Fountain HILLS N. 900 750 1150 SCALE BARS TONOPAH DESERT 800

1100 800 900 GRANITE 5 0 5 STATUTE MILES CAP CANAL 950 1050 REEF DAM

750 Paradise Valley 900 800 950 1000 1050 5 0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Scottsdale Tonopah 1050 USERY T. 850 2 1000 1100 MOUNTAINS 33 30 33 30 N. 1000 R. 8 E.

1200 SALT RIVER 1150

1100 111 30 950 900 Phoenix 1150

PALO VERDE HILLS 900 1050 R. 11 E. 900 1050 T. 111 15 1100 R. 9 E. 1 850 N. R. 10 E. 900 900 23rd Ave R. 12 E. WWTP

800 Discharge 1050 SALT RIVER SUPERSTITION MOUNTAINS 850 Apache Junction Tempe Mesa 750 1050 800 850 91st Ave 950 WWTP 1000

T. 700 Discharge Arlington RIVER 1 1100 S. GILA GILA RIVER SOUTH MOUNTAINS 1050 BUCKEYE R. 13 E. HILLS 800

1000 1150 CENTENNIAL WASH CAP CANAL 850

750 SIERRRA ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS 800

33 15 33 15 33 15 GILA BEND Queen Creek 1150 T. 1150 1200 2 113 00 1150 S. MOUNTAINS 112 45 1100 QUEEN CREEK

GILLESPIE DAM 1150 1200

1050 750 1150 800 WATERMAN WASH 1100 111 15 850 GILA RIVER T. 3 S. SANTAN MOUNTAINS 114 113 112 111 110 109 37 37

112 00

1200

1100 1250 36 36 C O C O N I N O 112 30

Flagstaff

T. KINGMAN

APACHE NAVAJO 4 1150 111 30 35 35 M O H A V E Holbrook S. FIG . 1 1200 Y A V A P A I

Prescott

34 34 900 M A R I C O P A L A PAZ G I L A

PHOENIX

33 33 Y U M A G R A H A M GREENLEE 33 00 P I N A L 33 00 111 45 Y uma TUCSON T. P I M A 5 112 15 32 32 C O C H I S E S. 114 SANTA 113 CRUZ

112 Nogales 111 110 109

T. 0 50 100 MILES 6 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS S. INDEX MAP SHOWING AREA OF REPORT (SHADED)

BASE MAP FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAPS SHOWING GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN THE PHOENIX ACTIVE MANAGEMENT AREA THESE HYDROLOGIC MAPS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 1954,REV.1969,1:250,000 INFORMATION CENTRAL, 3550 NORTH CENTRAL AVE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 85012. THE HYDROLOGIC DATA ON WHICH THESE MESA, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1978, 1:125,000 ADWR BOOKSTORE MAPS ARE BASED ARE AVAILABLE AT THE ADWR BOOKSTORE. 602 771-8638 HOLBROOK, ARIZONA, 1954, REV. 1970, 1:250,000 Phone: (602) 771-8638 MARICOPA, PINAL, AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA—NOV. 2002- FEB. 2003 AJO, ARIZONA, 1953, REV. 1969, 1:250,000 Fax: (602) 771-8690 WEBSITE: www. azwater.gov BY S.J. RASCONA