A.D.W.R HYDROLOGIC MAP SERIES REPORT NO. 35 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEPTH TO WATER AND WATER - LEVEL ALTITUDE, SHEET 1 OF 3 R. 4 E. T. 9 N. CAREFREE EXPLANATION FOUNTAIN HILLS LAKE PLEASANT R. 5 E. UPPER NUMBER, 95, IS DEPTH TO 95 WELL IN WHICH DEPTH TO WATER WAS MEASURED IN 1997-1998 AND 2002-2003. HASSAYAMPA WATER IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE. LOWER NUMBER,1084, IS THE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER LEVEL IN FEET R. 3 E. 112 00 1084 ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DATUM IS REFERENCED TO THE NATIONAL VERTICAL GEODETIC DATUM OF 1929. R. 3 W. WEST SALT RIVER VALLEY T. BASIN-FILL DEPOSITS, (SILT, SAND, CLAY, GRAVEL, CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE, MUDSTONE, EVAPORITES, AND 112 30 VOLCANICS). 8 EAST SALT RIVER VALLEY N. 34 00 34 00 R. 2 E. HARDROCK (GRANITIC, METAMORPHIC, VOLCANIC OR CONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTARY ROCK - WATER MAY OCCUR IN RAINBOW VALLEY R. 2 W. WEATHERED OR FRACTURED ZONES, JOINT SYSTEMS, OR FLUVIAL DEPOSITS OVERLYING BEDROCK). R. 4 W. T. 7 INDIAN RESERVATIONS Sub-Basins in the Phoenix AMA N. NEW RIVER MOUNTAINS R. 5 W. R. 6 W. MAJOR HIGHWAY 112 45 R. 6 E. R. 1 W. R. 7 W. R. 1 E. MAJOR WATERWAY R. 8 W. 111 45 T. HIEROGLYPHIC MOUNTAINS 1650 GENERAL DIRECTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE PRIMARY PART OF THE MAIN AQUIFER 113 00 VULTURE MOUNTAINS 6 N. 2150 112 15 BOUNDARY BETWEEN HARDROCK AND BASIN FILL 1600 2200 1500 1550 Cave Creek 1300 1450 WATER LEVEL CONTOURS - SHOWS THE APPROXIMATE ALTITUDE OF THE WATER-LEVEL. THE NUMBER 1100 1400 2100 1100 REPRESENTS 1100 FEET ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL. DASHED WHERE INFERRED. 1250 1450 1500 1400 R. 7 E. SUB-BASIN BOUNDARY 1350 2250 1300 1300 1200 RIVER 1250 BOUNDARY OF PHOENIX AMA 1250 RIVER 1350 T. 1150 HIGHWAY SYMBOL (Source: Jim Mossman, Data Deja Vu, 2002) 5 FRIA N. 1300 1000 1200 FOR READERS WHO PREFER TO USE METRIC UNITS RATHER THAN INCH-FEET UNITS, 1150 1200 1050 1250 UNION HILLS RIVER THE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT ARE LISTED BELOW: 33 45 HASSAYAMPA CAP CANAL AGUA PINNACLE 33 45 1250 PEAK ENGLISH UNITS METRIC UNITS 1200 1150 1 INCH 25.4 MILLIMETERS Luke Air Force Base 1100 1050 NEW 1050 1 FOOT 0.3048 METERS 1000 1150 1 MILE 1.609 KILOMETERS 950 950 MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS T. 1 SQUARE MILE 2.59 SQUARE KILOMETERS HEDGPETH 1000 CAP CANAL 1 ACRE-FEET 0.001233 CUBIC HECTOMETERS 4 HASSAYAMPA PLAINS HILLS N. 1100 CREEK BELMONT MOUNTAINS 1200 SKUNK VERDE RIVER 1100 1200 750 900 CAVE CREEK 800 1000 WHITE TANK MOUNTAINS T. 800 3 1150 900 850 Fountain HILLS N. 900 750 1150 SCALE BARS TONOPAH DESERT 800 1100 800 900 GRANITE 5 0 5 STATUTE MILES CAP CANAL 950 1050 REEF DAM 750 Paradise Valley 900 800 950 1000 1050 5 0 5 10 KILOMETERS Scottsdale Tonopah 1050 USERY T. 850 2 1000 1100 MOUNTAINS 33 30 33 30 N. 1000 R. 8 E. 1200 SALT RIVER 1150 1100 111 30 950 900 Phoenix 1150 PALO VERDE HILLS 900 1050 R. 11 E. 900 1050 T. 111 15 R. 9 E. 1 850 1100 N. R. 10 E. 900 900 23rd Ave R. 12 E. WWTP 800 Discharge 1050 SALT RIVER SUPERSTITION MOUNTAINS 850 Apache Junction Tempe Mesa 750 1050 800 850 91st Ave 950 WWTP 1000 T. 700 Discharge R. 13 E. Arlington RIVER 1 1100 S. GILA SOUTH MOUNTAINS 1050 BUCKEYE GILA RIVER HILLS 800 1000 1150 CENTENNIAL WASH CAP CANAL 850 750 SIERRRA ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS 800 33 15 33 15 33 15 GILA BEND Queen Creek 1150 T. 1150 1200 2 113 00 1150 S. MOUNTAINS 112 45 1100 QUEEN CREEK GILLESPIE DAM 1150 1200 1050 750 1150 800 WATERMAN WASH 1100 111 15 850 GILA RIVER T. 3 S. SANTAN MOUNTAINS 112 00 114 113 112 111 110 109 1200 37 37 1100 1250 112 30 36 36 T. COCONINO 1150 111 30 4 Flagstaff KINGMAN EXPLANATION APACHE S. FIG . 1 1200 NAVAJO 35 35 MOHAVE The Phoenix Active Management Area (AMA) is subdivided into seven legislatively defined sub-basins The Central Arizona Project (CAP), a 336-mile aqueduct designed to carry about 1.5 million acre-feet YAVAPAI Holbrook (fig. 1, sheet 1): three hydrologically interconnected east valley sub-basins [East Salt River Valley of surface water annually from the Colorado River to Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties, began de- (ESRV), Carefree and Fountain Hills] and four hydrologically interconnected west valley sub-basins livery to the Phoenix metropolitan area in 1985. In 2003, deliveries of CAP water to the Phoenix AMA Prescott [West Salt River Valley (WSRV), Lake Pleasant, Hassayampa and Rainbow Valley]. Hydrologic inter- totaled more than 300,000 acre-feet (CAP, 2004). 900 connection between the east and west valley sub-basins is minimal. Hydrographs and maps showing 34 34 MARICOPA groundwater level contours are presented for each of the sub-basins. Discussion of groundwater con- Climate in the Phoenix AMA is semi-arid. Precipitation averages about 7.6 inches per year (WRCC, L A PAZ GILA ditions and water-level changes focuses on the larger East and West Salt River Valley sub-basins. The 2004a). The Phoenix area as well as much of the State of Arizona is in the midst of a drought that PHOENIX sub-basins of the Phoenix AMA are located almost entirely within Maricopa County except for a portion began in 1996 (fig. 3, sheet 1). During this drought, average annual precipitation has been below of the southeastern ESRV, which is located in Pinal County and small hardrock areas of the northern normal in six of the past eight years. 33 33 YUMA Hassaymapa, WSRV and Lake Pleasant Sub-basins located in Yavapai County. 33 00 GRAHAM GREENLEE 33 00 111 45 PINAL Y uma Water-level data presented in this report were collected and compiled by the Field Services Section of T. TUCSON the Arizona Department of Water Resources from November 2002 to February 2003. Historic pump- P I M A Fig. 34 112 15 age data were compiled by the Hydrology Division and the Phoenix AMA Office. 5 32 Total Annual Precipitation (inches) 32 COCHISE (Phoenix WSFO AP, Station:026481) S. 114 Land and Water Use SANTA 113 16.0 CRUZ Land use within the Phoenix AMA has become increasingly urban with the expansion of the Phoe- 112 Nogales nix metropolitan area into native desert and previously irrigated agricultural areas. The population of 111 110 109 Maricopa County, which includes the Phoenix metropolitan area, has increased more than 50 percent 0 50 100 MILES since 1990 from approximately 2,122,100 to 3,194,800 in 2001 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2003). By 1995, T. urban land use in the Phoenix AMA (Maricopa county portion only and excluding the Gila River Indian Carefree Sub-basin 12.0 6 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS Reservation) exceeded agricultural land use (ASU CAPLTER, 2003). Combined irrigated acreage of Hassayampa Sub-basin agricultural land in the East and West sub-basins (Maricopa county only and excluding the Gila River S. Groundwater in the Carefree Sub-basin occurs under a variety of conditions. Water bearing units Hydrographs for selected wells throughout the AMA are presented in Sheet 3. The Hydrographs were INDEX MAP SHOWING AREA OF REPORT (SHADED) Indian Reservation) decreased from approximately 264,000 acres in 1995 to less than 200,000 acres in The Hassayampa Sub-basin is further divided into the upper Hassayampa Plain and the Lower Has- may consist of unconsolidated streambed alluvium, and various members of the Carefree Formation prepared using data from ADWR’s Groundwater Site Inventory (GWSI) Database. 2000 while urban land use has increased from approximately 280,000 acres to more than 420,000 over sayampa Area. Groundwater in the upper Hassayampa Plain occurs primarily under unconfined (HydroSystems, 2000). Local areas of fractured schist, gneiss and granite also yield water to wells the same time period (ASU CAPLTER, 2003). Prior to the early 1990’s agriculture was the dominant (Littin, 1979). Groundwater conditions in the basin-fill deposits (Long, 1983). The upper Hassayampa Plain is predominantly land use in the Phoenix AMA. 8.0 undeveloped with few existing wells scattered over a large area. Average References Groundwater occurs under generally unconfined conditions throughout most of the alluvial-filled basins The Carefree Formation is the major water-producing unit, with the majority of water pumped in the basin coming from its various members (HydroSystems, 2000). Pumpage in the Carefree Sub-basin Despite the decrease in agricultural land use, groundwater withdrawn for agriculture still exceeds that and local hardrock areas of the Phoenix AMA. Depths to water range from just below land surface to Groundwater in the Lower Hassayampa Area occurs primarily under unconfined conditions in the precipitation (inches) precipitation is primarily for domestic use, municipal use and golf course irrigation. Reported pumpage in the sub- ADWR, 2001, Arizona Department of Water Resources Hydrology Division Water Resources Section. withdrawn for municipal and industrial use. In 2000, agricultural use accounted for approximately more than 800 feet below land surface. basin-fill deposits (Stulik, 1974), with smaller amounts under locally confined, artesian, or perched basin has decreased from approximately 3,700 acre-feet in 1990 to less than 2,100 acre-feet in 2002. Memo to File, Water Availability review for a Certificate of Assured Water Supply, Verde 54.7% of all groundwater withdrawn in the AMA, and municipal (including domestic) and industrial conditions (Long, 1983).