DOCSLIB.ORG

The Northern Sumatra Earthquake of March 28, 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Northern Sumatra Earthquake of March 28, 2005 EERI Special Earthquake Report — August 2005 Learning from Earthquakes The Northern Sumatra Earthquake of March 28, 2005 Editor’s Note: Beginning with the killed around 1,000 people while they occurred. Right after the earth- March issue and in each one sub- were either sleeping or trying to run quake, electric power was cut off sequently, we presented six reports from the second and third fl oors. In and telecommunication disrupted. by the many teams that observed Simeulue, some house shops col- In Gunung Sitoli and Teluk Dalam, the effects of the December 26, lapsed, and about 100 people were Nias, the damage was concentrated 2004, earthquake and tsunami in killed. There was a rush to exit in certain areas close to the beach. countries around the Indian Ocean. houses and run to higher places be- In Simeulue the damage was also This report adds information on cause the people feared a tsunami concentrated in areas close to the structural damage, largely from similar to that of December 26, 2004. beach. Strong aftershocks (32 km shaking, on two islands west of There was a local tsunami, but not from Gunung Sitoli [M 6.0] and 41 Sumatra in a subsequent large of the size or ferocity of the previous km from Sinabang (M 5.5]) did not earthquake in roughly the same one. cause any further damage to either epicentral area as the December damaged or undamaged buildings. quake. Publication of this report is Nias Island is part of North Sumatra supported by funds from the Na- Province and Simeulue Island is part tional Science Foundation through of Aceh Province. The population of Tectonic Effects EERI’s Learning from Earthquakes Nias is 730,000 and that of Simeulue During the survey in Simeulue as Program under grant # CMS- is 80,000. Most of the people on Nias well as in Nias Island, we observed 0131895. and Simeulue were already asleep, some subsidence in certain very or about to be, when the earthquake limited areas. There were also “pop- Within a few days of this earth- quake, a team set out from Jakarta to study the earthquake damage on the islands of Nias and Simeulue. The team leader and author of this report was Teddy Boen, consulting engineer in Jakarta and senior advi- sor, WSSI. Survey team members on Nias were Teddy Boen, G. Hen- dra, P. Idrus, K. John, James Wong, M. Agus, and B. Bernard. Survey team members on Simeulue were Figure 1. Teddy Boen, G. Hendra, and Akil R. Main shock and Karsono. aftershocks of the Nias/ Introduction Simeulue earthquake, On Monday night March 28, 2005 March 28, 2005 at 11:09 pm local time, the Nias and (USGS). Simeulue islands were shaken by a M8.7 earthquake with a depth of 30 km. The epicenter of the earth- quake was on the Great Sumatran fault, between the two islands at 2.074°N, 97.013°E (see Figure 1). This is 115 km from Gunung Sitoli, the district capital of Nias, and 84 km from Sinabang on Simeulue. In Gunung Sitoli and Teluk Dalam, many house shops collapsed and 1 EERI Special Earthquake Report — August 2005 Figure 2. “Pop up” beach at Matanurung, East Simeulue. Figure 3. Local tsunami height approximately 1.80 m. up” beaches in Nias and Simeulue, by the tsunami, and some buildings engineered buildings except for caused by uplift (see Figure 2). Staff collapsed. The local tsunami went district head offi ces, hospitals, and members of NGOs who worked in inland up to 400 m in Hiliamaetani- some other government buildings. several places across Simeulue re- ha. From the damage, it appeared Engineered buildings consist mostly ported that they also observed simi- that the fl ow force was not too of reinforced concrete combined lar pop-up beaches all over the is- strong. In Simuelue, traces of local with masonry walls. Almost 95% of land. tsunami could be seen in Labuan the buildings are nonengineered, Bajau primary school # 2 (see Fig- made of confi ned masonry half- After the earthquake, a local tsunami ure 4). The tsunami height was ap- burnt brick, concrete block, and hit limited areas. In Nias, along the proximately 0.5 m and no evidence timber. road entering Sorake and in Sorake of fl ow force could be seen. itself, the tsunami height was ap- Engineered Buildings: Some en- proximately 1.80 m, as can be seen Damage to Buildings gineered buildings in Nias and Sim- on the wall of house in Hiliamaetani- eulue were damaged during the ha, approximately 1 km from Sorake Two types of buildings were affect- earthquake, and some collapsed. (see Figure 3). In Sorake, several ed: engineered and nonengineered. There are two main reasons for this. building foundations were scoured In Nias and Simeulue, there are few The reinforced concrete buildings Figure 4. Damage by local tsunami in Labuan Bajau school, Simeulue. Figure 5. District head offi ce in Simeulue. 2 EERI Special Earthquake Report — August 2005 Figure 6. Damage to district head offi ce in Nias. Figure 7. Damage to district head offi ce in Simeulue. were not designed for the seismicity dance with requirements for earth- cement mortar; and 3) timber build- of the islands. We also found that quake-resistant construction (see ings. In some areas, sea sand is poor quality of concrete and detail- Figures 6 and 7). used for concrete mix and, of ing contributed to the collapses. course, results in poor quality Even though Indonesia has a seis- Nonengineered Buildings: Most of concrete. mic code, it was not enforced in the buildings were nonengineered either island. Additionally, the build- that collapsed in Gunung Sitoli in The one or two-story buildings were ing permit system was not yet in Nias, Sinabang City in Simeulue, mostly houses, schools, and com- place. and villages along the road from munity health centers. The roofs of Sinabang to Labuan Bajau and from the houses mostly consist of gal- For example, both district head’s Gunung Sitoli to Teluk Dalam in Nias. vanized iron sheets or thatch made offi ces were damaged (see Figure There are three main categories of of coconut tree leaves; other build- 5). We surmise that in each case, nonengineered buildings: 1) one or ings use galvanized iron sheets. the structure was analyzed as 2-D, two-story houses of burnt brick or These masonry buildings survived with the torsional effect overlooked. concrete block masonry with sand/ the shaking without collapse, From the damage, it was evident cement mortar; 2) two to four-story though some had cracks in the that the concrete quality was low shop houses of burnt brick or con- walls (see Figure 8). and the detailing was not in accor- crete block masonry with sand/ Figures 8a and b. Nonengineered masonry houses damaged and collapsed in Nias. 3 EERI Special Earthquake Report — August 2005 Figure 9. Timber houses collapsed in Nias due to lack of Figure 10. Traditional indigenous house in Nias, not maintenance. damaged. Figures 11a and b. Traditional indigenous houses damaged due to lack of maintenance in Bawogosali Village, Teluk Dalam, Nias. The two to four-story shop house buildings also use burnt bricks or concrete block masonry with sand and Portland cement mortar. The roofs of these shop houses are Figure 12. usually RC slabs. All the buildings Indigenous house use RC “practical” columns and built during Dutch beams as confi nement. The term occupation, slight- “practical” is used because the ly damaged due to specs are not based on any calcu- lack of mainten- lations and are adopted as a stan- ance in Nias. dard practice. The shop houses are built according to prevailing practice by contractors and foremen, without structural analysis or drawings. In neither Nias or Simeulue was the building permit system enforced; 4 EERI Special Earthquake Report — August 2005 Figure 13. “Pancake” type of collapse of shop houses Figure 14. Another pancake collapse in Gunung that killed many people in Teluk Dalam, Nias. Sitoli, Nias. therefore no structural check was tenance (Figure 11). These types of the fi rst story is completed. Only af- performed to catch poor-quality buildings are not built anymore be- ter several months or years, when materials or poor workmanship. cause of the lack of expertise in this more funds are available, do the generation, and because they are too second-story columns and walls get Timber houses consist of a timber costly to build. The other buildings, built; the process of constructing the frame and timber plank walls, and built by the Dutch some 150 years fi rst story is essentially repeated. galvanized iron sheet or thatch ago (Figure 12), are also earthquake- Some people continue the process roofs. In spite of the closeness to resistant when properly maintained. for the third and fourth stories. Col- the epicenter of the earthquake, the umn reinforcements and stirrups are damage was not signifi cant in rea- Causes of collapse: The main not suffi cient if the structure works sonably built timber structures. Very causes of collapse in the two to four- as an open frame, particularly in the few one-story timber houses col- story shop houses were poor mate- longitudinal direction. lapsed during the earthquakes. The rials and poor workmanship, exacer- damage that occurred resulted from bated by the prevailing procedures In the damaged structures we deterioration of the poorly main- of building in stages, depending on looked at, the length of the column tained columns (see Figure 9). In the availability of funds. The long splices for the upper fl oors con- addition, some timber columns intervals between the construction struction was generally insuffi cient, were not anchored to the founda- of various elements result in weak and the concreting at the splices tion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Same Planet, a Different World
    The following is a firsthand account of a medical-relief mission to western Indonesia that Dennis Whitehead, MD ’75, undertook in March 2005 in response to severe earthquakes that devastated the region only months after the tsunami struck. As this issue of Buffalo Physician was going to press, Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast. We contacted Whitehead and asked him if he had been involved in relief efforts following the storm. We learned he had just Same Planet, a Different World returned from six days of working with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals to support search-and- rescue efforts in downtown New Orleans, assist boat crews in the flooded areas, treat rescue workers, complete MEDICAL RELIEF IN INDONESIA, POST-TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE EMS site surveys and examine shelter patients in rural St. Tammany Parish, northeast of New Orleans. By DENNIS C. WHITEHEAD, MD ’75 At our request, Whitehead agreed to report on his Gulf Coast experience in the next issue of Buffalo Physician. —S. A. UNGER, EDITOR All that remains of Banda Aceh’s densely populated residential area. The hills in the background shielded most of the downtown business district. Nias Island Same Planet, a Different World India Indian Ocean Cambodia My thirtieth medical class reunion took place this past April, and I was looking forward to it very much. I have greatly enjoyed seeing my Sumatra classmates every five years and catching up on their lives. My former room- Malaysia mate, Jack Freer, MD ’75, now a clinical professor of medicine at UB, was 8.7 earthquake coordinator for our class this year and I promised him I would be there for the festivities.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Donors Hand Over More Than 600 UN-HABITAT Houses on the Remote Island of Simeulue
    United Nations Human Settlements Programme Programme des Nations Unies pour les établissements humains INDONESIA JL. T.M. Pahlawan No. 3A, Banda Aceh, Telephone : +62 651 25258 PRESS RELEASE Dutch donors hand over more than 600 UN-HABITAT houses on the remote island of Simeulue Sambai, Simeulue Island, Indonesia, 5 July – In a joyful ceremony in Sambai village on Simeulue Island UN-HABITAT, UNDP and the Aceh Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency celebrated the completion of houses together with Dutch donors and survivors of the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Daniel Biau (UN-HABITAT,right) and Simon Field (UNDP) plant a tree in front of a reconstructed house The director of the Regional and Technical Cooperation Division Nairobi, Daniel Biau, who visited Aceh Province to commemorate two years of UN-HABITAT’s and UNDP’s Aceh Nias Settlements Support Programme praised the successful collaboration work between UN- HABITAT, UNDP, the Aceh Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) and the people of Simeulue and their local authorities. The Aceh Nias Settlements Support Programme (ANSSP) has so far completed reconstruction of 3,500 houses and more than 1,000 are currently under construction in cooperation with the Asian Development Bank (ADB). In Simeulue, an island off the west coast of Sumatra, the recovery process has been particularly challenging. On the remote island the number of casualties was relatively small, because oral tradition had passed on the knowledge that people must run uphill after earthquakes to avoid tsunami waves. However, the destruction, which the disaster had left behind, was overwhelming. Whole villages had been wiped out. The shipment of material by sea and on the few bad roads was difficult and skilled workers were hard to find.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Harmakaputra, Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia
    Key Issues in Religion and World Affairs Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia: Challenges and Progress Hans Abdiel Harmakaputra PhD Student in Comparative Theology, Boston College I. Introduction In February 2014 Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) published a report concerning the rise of religious intolerance across Indonesia. Entitled Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,1 this study portrays the problems plaguing interfaith relations in Indonesia, where many religious minorities suffer from persecution and injustice. The report lists five main factors contributing to the rise of religious intolerance: (1) the spread of extremist ideology through media channels, such as the internet, religious pamphlets, DVDs, and other means, funded from inside and outside the country; (2) the attitude of local, provincial, and national authorities; (3) the implementation of discriminatory laws and regulations; (4) weakness of law enforcement on the part of police and the judiciary in cases where religious minorities are victimized; and (5) the unwillingness of a “silent majority” to speak out against intolerance.2 This list of factors shows that the government bears considerable responsibility. Nevertheless, the hope for a better way to manage Indonesia’s diversity was one reason why Joko Widodo was elected president of the Republic of Indonesia in October 2014. Joko Widodo (popularly known as “Jokowi”) is a popular leader with a relatively positive governing record. He was the mayor of Surakarta (Solo) from 2005 to 2012, and then the governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014. People had great expectations for Jokowi’s administration, and there have been positive improvements during his term. However, Human Rights Watch (HRW) World Report 2016 presents negative data regarding his record on human rights in the year 2015, including those pertaining to interfaith relations.3 The document 1 The pdf version of the report can be downloaded freely from Christian Solidarity Worldwide, “Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,” February 14, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER V CLOSING 5.1 Conclusion Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship Has Become a Phenomenon That Is Widely Found in All Parts of T
    CHAPTER V CLOSING 5.1 Conclusion Ethnic minority entrepreneurship has become a phenomenon that is widely found in all parts of the world. This type of entrepreneurship is driven by migration out of the place of origin to get better opportunities in other areas. The movement that occurs causes people from one ethnic group to join with other ethnic groups in the destination. This assimilation causes ethnic migrants to be outnumbered by local ethnic groups in the destination that have been there for a long time. This has led to the term ethnic minority. Efforts to earn income through doing business by ethnic minority then formed the term ethnic minority entrepreneurship. Nias is an ethnic who has a long history with West Sumatra area, especially the city of Padang. Although still outnumbered by Minangkabau ethnicity, Nias people in Padang City already have strong roots because of the nature of Nias people who have a strong sense of kinship. From an economic standpoint, over time, progressive changes have been found in the economic order of the Nias community in the city of Padang. In the past Nias people only worked as farmers, becoming fishermen or laborers in the city of Padang. Now, Nias people in Padang who are a minority have found livelihoods in various fields, including entrepreneurship. Those who originally came with limited language differences, mediocre education and did not have the capital managed to make a 132 decent living and raise the dignity of their ancestors who had set foot first in the city of Padang with low standard of life.
    [Show full text]
  • North Nias Regency
    LAFAU BEACH MAP NORTH NIAS REGENCY NORTH NIAS REGENCY NIAS ISLAND NIAS ISLAND WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE Pasir Berbunyi Beach Tureloto Beach Lotu Lafau Beach Gunung Sitoli C. TURELOTO BEACH Binaka Airport Coordinate : 1°25’49,65‘’ N & 97°8‘29,95’‘E Tourism Business Opportunities (including the investment code for every business ield): Gido a. Star hotel (5511) Lahomi b. Food and Beverages Service : Restaurant (56101), Café (56303) & Bar (56301) c. Spa (96122) and Villa (55194) Lolomatua Mountain d. Sport Facilities: Tennis Field (93116) and Golf Course (93112) e. Recreational Park (93232) and Theme Park (93210) f. Organization of Meeting, Incentive, Conference and Exhibition (82301) g. Enclave Management (91022) of the “Living Road history” ethnic village Hinako Archipelago INVITATION TO INVEST IN TOURISM BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AT : Teluk Dalam ADDRESS Deputy for Tourism Destination and Tourism Industry Development Sapta Pesona Building, 4th Floor Contact Us : INDONESIA Jl. Merdeka Barat No. 17 [email protected] Jakarta Pusat 10110 [email protected] Indonesia T : +62 21 3838040, 3838029 www.kemenpar.go.id F : +62 21 34833865 www.indonesia-tourism-investment.com PRESENTING NORTH NIAS REGENCY, NIAS ISLAND, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE. MARKETING 2. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT In order to optimize the tourism development in Nias 1. DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW Island, the local government implemented several marketing strategy as follows: a. Quality and quantity improvement of the Nias A. PASIR BERBUNYI BEACH Island tourism marketing program through a Coordinate : 1°29’22,71‘’ N & 97°20‘54,73’‘E wide variety of media promotion and extend its Tourism Business Opportunities (including the reach.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiga Tipe Tata Ruang Desa Tradisional Di Nias Selatan, Sumatera Utara
    KALPATARU, Majalah Arkeologi Vol. 28 No.2, November 2019 (45-60) TIGA TIPE TATA RUANG DESA TRADISIONAL DI NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA Three Types of Spatial Patterns in South Nias Traditional Villages, North Sumatera Elyada Wigati Pramaresti Museum Ullen Sentalu, Jalan Boyong KM. 25, Kaliurang Barat, Hargobinangun, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta [email protected] Naskah diterima : 31 Juli 2019 Naskah diperiksa : 10 Agustus 2019 Naskah disetujui : 29 Oktober 2019 Abstract. South Nias is one of many regions in Indonesia that still mantains the existence of traditional settlement. Villages in this regency have unique characteristic shown from their linear forms with two rows of houses facing each other. Although the villages all seem similar, but in fact, there are three different spatial patterns. This research would be related with the disparity of these traditional settlement patterns. Qualitative method was used in this research by obtaining data through field observations, interviews, and literature study. The result reveals that the traditional settlement patterns were in the shapes of branched linear, I-shaped linear, and T-shaped linear. This classification was based on the variation of shapes and location of the village material components. Another purpose in this research is to do a documentation about South Nias traditional villages including their original components which become scarce nowadays due to being damaged by natural factors or deliberately replaced by modern components. Keywords: South Nias, Traditional Village, Spatial Pattern Abstrak. Nias Selatan adalah salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang masih mempertahankan keberadaan permukiman tradisional. Desa-desa yang ditemukan di kabupaten tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang unik, yaitu berbentuk linear dengan dua baris rumah yang saling berhadapan.
    [Show full text]
  • Circumnavigation of Sumatra an In-Depth Exploration of the Wonders of Sumatra Aboard the MS Caledonian Sky 8Th to 24Th October 2016 Clown Fish Lake Toba
    LAUNCH OFFER - SAVE UP TO £1000 PER PERSON Circumnavigation of Sumatra An in-depthaboard exploration the MSth ofOctober Caledonian the wonders 2016 Sky of Sumatra 8th to 24 Clown Fish Lake Toba oin us for a rare event, a circumnavigation of the world’s Our View sixth largest island. Opportunities to visit Sumatra, a land of After our successful voyages MALAYSIA J Gunung Leuser history and mystery are scarce and are usually limited to one around Sumatra in 2013, we Banda Aceh National Park region of the island. Our visit in the autumn of 2016 will be all are delighted to be returning Belawan once again with an in-depth Medan encompassing and include opportunities to see orangutans in Simeulue Islands Malacca exploration of the island. Lake Toba Nias Island their natural habitat, to snorkel over coral reefs, to visit remote Separated from mainland Asia Singapore Bukittinggi by the Strait of Malacca and from islands where native indigenous people still live in isolation, SUMATRA free to practice their timeless tribal lore and to explore where Java by the Strait of Sunda, Sumatra Siberut Island Padang lies at the heart of geological and few have been before. Our voyage will be one of contrasts, Bengkulu Belitung cultural crossroads. Spectacular Islands from lush rainforests to diverse cultures, spectacular wildlife volcanoes and mysterious calderas Krakatau and an intriguing history, all of which will be made all the more are many along the Barisan Island captivating by our onboard expedition team who are experts in Mountains, the long spinal range of Marco Polo and is often the island following Sumatra’s west referred to as the Isle of Gold: the natural world.
    [Show full text]
  • Fujinoetal-Margeo-Simeulue.Pdf
    Marine Geology 357 (2014) 384–391 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Ambiguous correlation of precisely dated coral detritus with the tsunamis of 1861 and 1907 at Simeulue Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia Shigehiro Fujino a,⁎, Kerry Sieh b,1, Aron J. Meltzner b,1,EkoYuliantoc, Hong-Wei Chiang d,1 a Active Fault and Earthquake Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan b Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA c Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia d High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC article info abstract Article history: Precise U–Th dates from coral detritus in two pre-2004 tsunami deposits on Simeulue Island in Aceh Province Received 7 March 2014 allow us to correlate the deposits with historically documented tsunamis in the recent few centuries, but because Received in revised form 19 September 2014 of potential discordance between the death dates of the corals and deposition of the sand layers, ambiguity in this Accepted 28 September 2014 correlation remains. Pits at coastal lowland sites exposed sand layers beneath the 2004 tsunami deposit at Available online 22 October 2014 Busung and Naibos on southern Simeulue Island. The layers share sedimentological characteristics with the de- Communicated by J.T. Wells posit of the 2004 tsunami, and are interpreted as pre-2004 tsunami deposits. Historical accounts document earth- quakes and tsunamis in 1907 and 1861 and suggest that the 1907 tsunami was larger locally than any others Keywords: historically.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB IV RUANG KETIGA PERJUMPAAN NIAS PADANG KRISTEN DAN MINANGKABAU MUSLIM 4.1. Pendahuluan Salah Satu Bukti Yang Dapat Menunjukk
    76 BAB IV RUANG KETIGA PERJUMPAAN NIAS PADANG KRISTEN DAN MINANGKABAU MUSLIM 4.1. Pendahuluan Salah satu bukti yang dapat menunjukkan kuatnya pengaruh Islam di kota Padang adalah ketiadaan tersedianya pilihan mata pelajaran agama lain selain Islam di sekolah negeri. Akibatnya ketika jadwal mata pelajaran agama berlangsung maka tidak jarang siswa dan siswi non-muslim diberi izin ke perpustakaan untuk menggunakan jam pelajaran tersebut atau bahkan diperbolehkan pulang duluan jikalau jadwalnya terletak di akhir jam pelajaran. Hal ini menuntut siswa dan siswi non-muslim harus memiliki cara lain untuk mendapatkan haknya yaitu memperoleh ilmu dari mata pelajaran agama yang merupakan mata pelajaran wajib. Situasi ini juga dialami oleh anak-anak Nias Padang Kristen yang memilih bersekolah di sekolah negeri. Masalah ini pun ditanggapi oleh pihak gereja yang merupakan lembaga keagamaan dan bekerjasama dengan departemen agama kota Padang. Gereja BNKP yang ada di Padang memberikan solusi kepada anggota jemaat yang menjadi siswa dan siswi sekolah negeri dengan menyediakan tenaga pengajar untuk mata pelajaran agama Kristen. Selain itu, departemen agama juga mengeluarkan blanko penilaian yang sah kepada pihak gereja untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan siswa dan siswi dalam penilaian raport di sekolah negeri. Sikap ini 77 merupakan satu dari sekian banyak hal yang terjadi di dalam ruang ketiga orang Nias Padang Kristen. Tindakan ini menjadi strategi yang mampu membantu mereka untuk dapat bertahan sebagai masyarakat diaspora dan minoritas. Bhabha mengatakan dalam teorinya bahwa hal yang dilakukan oleh pihak terjajah di dalam ruang ketiga merupakan sesuatu yang “beyond” dimana ia tidak meninggalkan masa lalu namun juga tidak sepenuhnya menyerahkan diri kepada hal yang baru.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of the NIAS REVIVAL in INDONESIA Julia Theis Dermawan 1. Introduction in the Years Betwe
    [AJPS 6:2 (2003), pp. 247-263] A STUDY OF THE NIAS REVIVAL IN INDONESIA Julia Theis Dermawan 1. Introduction In the years between 1915 and 1940, the Niasan church in Indonesia rapidly grew. During this twenty-five year period, between the Golden Jubilee and the Diamond Jubilee, the number of baptized believers in Nias increased from about 20,000 to 135,000. The great revival movement that occurred in the island caused this phenomenal growth. Known as the Fangesa Dodo (“the Great Repentance”),1 it manifested a great conviction for and confession of sin. This paper is a historical report on the Nias revival from available sources and will show how it contributed to the overall growth of the church. This paper has also a pragmatic purpose: to remind all Asian Christians of the importance of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit for the growth of Christianity in Asia today. 2. The Location of the Revival 2.1 Geography Nias is the largest of a chain of Indonesian islands in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of Sumatra. It has an area of 1,569 square miles (or 4,064 sq. km) and is subject to earthquakes. The chief town is Gunung Sitoli on the northeast coast.2 1 Lee Ira Bruckner, “The History and Character of the Niasan People Movement in Indonesia, 1865-1940” (D.Miss. dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary, 1979), p. 86. 2 “Nias,” The Encyclopedia Americana International Edition (Danbury, Conn.: Grolier, c1997), vol. 20, p. 300. 248 Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 6:2 (2003) 2.2 People Most of the 400,000 people are descendants of Proto-Malays who built megalithic tombs all over the island.
    [Show full text]
  • Originating Outside the Island, Westerners As Well As Non-Westerners, on the Other
    ACCULTURATION IN TANG NIHA (THE ISLAND OF NIAS)I James Danandj aj a University of Indonesia, Djakarta Acculturation on' Nias is discussed with special attention to religion and the role of missionaries as agents of change. The traditional social organization and religion are reviewed, followed by an examination of the processes of Dutch colonization and missionization by German Protest- ants. The role of an indigenous revitalization movement in the Christianization of Nias is dis- cussed at length. Finally, the Nias case is placed within a broader framework of acculturation and change. (acculturation, Christianity, colonial- ism, culture change, culture contact, Indonesia, Nias, religion, revitalization movements) I. INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is acculturation on the island of Nias. Nias is a small island of 4,000 square kilometers, located off the west coast of Sumatra in the Republic of Indonesia. By acculturation I mean what Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville J. Herskovits (1936) defined as: "Those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups." I shall discuss acculturation in terms of the culture of the indigenous people of Nias on the one hand, and the cultures of immigrants originating outside the island, Westerners as well as non-Westerners, on the other. The Westerners include Dutch and British colonial officers (civil as well as military) and German Protestant missionaries. The non-Westerners include other Indonesian ethnic groups, such as the Atjehnese traders and slavers, Minangkabau traders, Buginese migrants, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons
    The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons Prema-chandra Athukorala and Budy P. Resosudarmo Division of Economics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to document and analyze the immediate economic impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami generated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 and the disaster management process in the immediate aftermath of the disaster with a focus on the two worst affected countries – Indonesia (Aceh province) and Sri Lanka. The 26 December Tsunami is unique among large disasters in recorded human history, not only because of the sheer number of causalities and massive displacement of people, but also because of the unprecedented international donor response and the logistic challenges faced by international organizations and aid agencies in organizing and coordinating relief efforts. Our preliminary findings points to the importance of educating the public about simple precautions in the event of a disaster and enforcement of coastal environmental regulations as disaster prevention policies. The findings also makes a strong case for designing policies and programs, as an integral part of national development strategy, for mitigating the impact of natural disasters on the poor and highlights the need for combining international aid commitments with innovative approaches to redressing problems of limited aid absorptive capacity in disaster affected countries. Key Words: tsunami, disaster management, Indonesia, Sri Lanka JEL Classification: I32, O53 Q54 Forthcoming in Asian Economic Papers 1 2 The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management and Lessons∗ Sociologist, psychologists, historians, and policy planners have all devoted considerable attention to the nature, sources, and consequences of disaster and recovery, but the professional economic literature is distressingly sparse.
    [Show full text]