International Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2004 News Magazine of the International Psychoanalytical Association

Trauma: New Developments in Rio de Janeiro The IPA Congress comes to Brazil for the first time Bokanowski, Herzog, Hartke, Viñar, Kristeva, Kernberg, Pynoos, Fonagy, Akhtar, Doin, Luiz Meyer, Britton and Kijak to speak

Insight: How Scandinavia funds psychoanalysis

The Microprocess of the Analyst’s Intervention Institute for Eastern Europe Seminar report

International Association Internationale Asociación Psychoanalytical Psychanalytique Psychoanalytische Psicoanalítica Association Internationale Vereinigung Internacional 2 CONTENTS

INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS THE NEWS MAGAZINE OF THE IPA. ISSN 1564-0361 Editor Alex Holder Past Editors Ethel Person, Leopold Nosek Regional Editors Europe: Michel Vincent, Henrik Enckell, Giuseppina Antinucci. Latin America: Renato Canovi, Eduardo Laverde Rubio, Juan Pablo Jiménez de la Jara. North America: Abby Adams-Silvan, Irene Cairo, Sharon Zalusky. Contents Language Editors German News Magazine: Alex Holder English News Magazine: Robert Stein French News Magazine: Colette Scherer

Contents Spanish News Magazine: Cecilio Paniagua News Corresponding Editor Australia: Deborah McIntyre 3 Editorial Production Manager Robert Stein Sub-Editor Sophie Richmond 3 People Translation Team German: Elisabeth Vorspohl, Katrin Grünepütt, This year’s Sigourney award winners Joachim Roether English Philip Slotkin, Andrew Weller French: Danielle Goldstein, Marianne Robert, Anne-Lise Hacker, Catherine Roux IPA Activities Spanish: María Julia Sainz Bello, Magdalena Padrón Araújo, Dana Caceres-Pawlikowski, Pilar Rodas Riley Layout and Production 4 2005 Congress Bobbett Creative Communications Trauma: New Developments in Psychoanalysis Print NewNorth Print The Programme Committee Chair looks forward to an The International Psychoanalytical Association outstanding event Board of Representatives President Daniel Widlöcher Secretary-General Donald Campbell 5 2005 Congress Treasurer Nadine Levinson The Rio Societies have put together a lively programme of social Representatives Sander Abend, Marilia Aisenstein, Werner Bohleber, activities. Sergio Nick explains Stefano Bolognini, Aloysio D’Abreu, Henk Jan Dalewijk, Norman Doidge, Shmuel Erlich, Richard Fox, James Gooch, Charles Hanly, Celia Katz de Eskenazi, 6 The President and Secretary’s letter Leopold Nosek, Carmen Médici de Steiner, Robert Pyles, Agneta Sandell, Robert Tyson, Daniel Widlöcher and Don Campbell update the membership on Sverre Varvin, Marcelo Viñar, Fernando Weissmann, Raquel Zak de Goldstein the DPPT programme, elections in 2005 and other topical issues President-Elect Cláudio Laks Eizirik Secretary-Designate Mónica Siedmann de Armesto World Activities Honorary President Leo Rangell Honorary Vice-President Robert S. Wallerstein 7–9 Europe: Finland; 5th PIEE candidates seminar; France; Corporate Officer Piers Pendred (Director General) Germany; Sweden NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS TO Latin America: Argentina; Brazil; Colombia; Peru INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS 1. Languages North America: Canada; USA Contributions can be submitted in any of the four working languages of the IPA, i.e. English, French, German or Spanish. Insight 2. Deadlines The two annual issues of International Psychoanalysis have deadlines for the submission of contributions which must be strictly adhered to. Failure to do so 10–11 Focus: Henrik Enckell may mean that the contribution will have to be held over until the following issue or have to be The funding of psychoanalysis in Denmark, Sweden, Norway scrapped altogether. and Finland The deadlines for submission of contributions are as follows: 31 January for the first issue 31 August for the second issue 3. Methods of submission Contributions must be submitted to the address listed under 4 below, either (a) as an e-mail attachment, or (b) on a diskette in RTF format (Rich Text format). 4. Address for contributions All contributions must be sent to International The Editor, Dr Alex Holder Körnerstr. 17, 22301 Hamburg, Germany PSYCHOANALYSIS email: [email protected] 5. Exceptions International Psychoanalytical Association Contributions from Component Societies which are Broomhills, Woodside Lane, London N12 8UD, UK part of the news and calendar of events section Tel: +44 20 8446 8324 Fax: +44 20 8445 4729 should, in the first place, be sent to one of the three Regional Editors. Email: [email protected] www.ipa.org.uk EDITORIAL 3

In order to keep within the limits The big event ahead of us is, of course, article on the situation in Latin America of this year’s budget allocation, our next Congress, to take place in was devoted to this topic. The others it has been necessary to reduce the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at the very end on the situations in North America (by present issue of the News Magazine of July 2005. A number of pages of Fredric Perlman), in Italy (by Roberto to 12 pages. this issue are therefore devoted to this Basile) and in Germany (by Georg Bruns event, with the chair of the Programme and Ekkehard Gattig) appeared only This has meant that several items have Committee, Robert Galatzer-Levy, on the IPA website. In the present had to be placed on the IPA website providing you with the latest issue, we present a further article in Editorial only. Among the items affected in information on the scientific the series by Henrik Enckell, covering this way are a very full report by the programme, followed by Sergio Nick, the situation in Scandinavia. It is hoped Research Subcommittee for Conceptual the chair of the Local Arrangements that further articles on this subject Research, dealing with research into Committee, who gives us a preview of can be published in future issues. the historical, clinical and empirical the rich and exciting social programme aspects of core psychoanalytical that will await participants. The Since it is one of the objectives of concepts, and the lists of those who information contained in these two International Psychoanalysis to have died or left the IPA which have reports is what was available by the keep our members informed about been a regular feature of International second half of October 2004. Later what happens in other regions and Psychoanalysis. Please click on ‘News updates can be found on the IPA Component Societies, we have Magazine’ on the IPA website to view website. We very much hope that both included all the information about these articles. the scientific and the social programmes forthcoming events, prizes, etc. which will entice many members to attend has been submitted for this issue. Regrettably, we also had to drop a our 44th Congress, held in Brazil for At the same time we would like to number of other regular features the first time. appeal to all Societies and Study such as the President’s Column, the Groups to make greater use of this Secretary’s Letter and the Treasurer’s In this year’s first issue, we started opportunity to publicize their activities Report. Instead, you will find in the a series of articles on the relations in this way and simultaneously inform present issue a combined joint letter between health care systems and the other members of them. from the President and Secretary psychoanalysis, and governmental laws which deals with important current concerning psychoanalysis, in different Alex Holder, issues concerning the IPA. countries and regions. Renato Canovi’s Editor

PEOPLE

Stanley Greenspan wins Sigourney Award formation of mind, including the capacity impulse control problems, as well as his for relationships; affect signalling; developmental models of intervention Stanley I. Greenspan, MD is a recipient social problem-solving; defences and and the psychotherapeutic process. of the 2004 Mary S. Sigourney Award coping strategies; internal symbols and

The Editor wishes to add that Marvin P for distinguished contributions to representations; creative, logical and eople psychoanalysis. The Sigourney Award reflective thinking; and processing Margolis, Howard Shevrin and the is the highest international honour for information and experiences. Also William Alanson White Institute were also contributions to . cited was his pioneering contribution to recipients of the 2004 Mary S. Sigourney Among Dr Greenspan’s contributions understanding the developmental roots of Awards for distinguished services to cited at the award ceremony in New different types of developmental disorders psychoanalysis. We extend our York is his work on understanding the and psychopathology, including autism, congratulations to all of them. developmental pathways leading to the mood disorders, and attentional and

JUST PUBLISHED Comparative Confidentiality in Psychoanalysis Penelope Garvey and Alexander Layton (eds) To what extent do national laws protect the confidentiality of patients in analysis? This book considers the important concept of confidentiality, and makes available useful and detailed information about the bases on which confidentiality is treated, from a psychoanalytical and legal point of view, in the countries considered. The contributors analyse how the duty of confidentiality changes in different jurisdictions and is relative to the legal position of psychoanalysts in different countries. A joint IPA/British Institute of International and Comparative Law (London) publication (in English only) Price $19.50 (members), $32.00 (non-members) + postage. To order visit www.ipa.org.uk and click on ‘Publications’ or fax your credit card details (VISA or MasterCard only) to +44 20 8445 4729 4 2005 CONGRESS What is trauma? How can we conceptualize it?

The IPA Congress in Rio de Janeiro next July will address these key questions. Programme Committee Chair Robert M. Galatzer-Levy explains

I knew I was in for an adventure when I was invited to chair the Programme Committee of the

IPA Activities IPA 44th IPA Congress in Rio de Janeiro, but I never guessed the richness of ideas and experiences that lay ahead. The Committee decided to devote a major portion of the Congress to the subject of trauma and titled it ‘Trauma: new developments in psychoanalysis’. We agreed the Congress should be highly interactive, with a vigorous exchange of ideas and experiences.

We were surprised and excited to realize how differently and with what richness psychoanalysts from around the world think about trauma. Is trauma best thought of as a purely intrapsychic event, perhaps an inevitable part of development or a response to external happenings? Can emerging information about brain function be integrated into the psychoanalytic understanding of trauma? How should we conceptualize the impact of dreadful historical events on individuals’ psychology? How does trauma enter into clinical psychoanalysis and what are the technical implications of the various understandings of trauma? Can psychoanalysis inform policy-makers? The Congress will focus on questions like these. Contributions from IPA members, We are still receiving proposals (although psychoanalysis and philosophy by candidates and all others with a serious the closing date for submissions has now Jonathan Lear? interest in psychoanalysis are welcome. passed), so I cannot outline the full range We have been able to arrange for many We have brought together many of of activities, but some contributors are more simultaneous translations than the leading figures of contemporary already known. For me, the hardest task were available at past Congresses, to psychoanalysis and, we believe, many of the Congress will be deciding which provide a better chance of analysts from of the leading figures in the future of presentations to attend. Among the varied backgrounds and different points psychoanalysis. A variety of formats – keynote addresses, for example, how does of view understanding each other. major lectures, panels, paper sessions, one choose between the clinical richness discussion groups and meet-the-analyst of James Herzog’s descriptions of his work Early next year, the Committee will be sessions – have been designed to promote with children, the intellectual brilliance emailing the draft programme of sessions the exchange of ideas. The Congress will of Julia Kristeva and Thierry Bokanowski’s to IPA members and societies. The IPA web continue a feature of recent meetings – analyses, the vast clinical experience of site, www.ipa.org.uk, has information short courses designed to introduce Otto Kernberg on the relationship of about the Congress, which is regularly analysts to topics like the philosophy trauma to personality disorder, the subtle updated. It is also the most convenient of psychoanalysis and brain imaging. riches of Luiz Meyer or Carlos Doin, the place to register. evocative poetry of Salman Akhtar on the We are committed to the challenge of trauma of immigration and the close and The most important contributors to new and contrasting visions and the immediate experience of Robert Pynoos the Congress will be you – analysts and opportunity to interact with analysts of with children in the midst of horrendous candidates who come to think, talk, many points of view and varied levels of events? And what about the panels – debate and learn together. I believe that experience. Susana Muszkat, representing each designed to bring together diverse this will be one of the most important the International Psychoanalytical Studies viewpoints – ranging from discussions and exciting analytic meetings in years. Organization (IPSO) has worked with of trauma and memory (which will I hope you will be there to be part of it. the Programme Committee to ensure include Yoram Yovell and Arnold Modell), that IPSO and candidates make major to discussion of trauma and creativity contributions to the Congress. IPSO has MEMBERS OF THE RIO DE JANEIRO (with Henrique Honigsztejn and Manuel organized a special programme for PROGRAMME COMMITTEE José Gálvez), to investigations of candidates, including opportunities to psychoanalysis and the terror of Latin Robert M. Galatzer-Levy, USA (Chair) observe supervisions with prominent American dictatorships (including training analysts. Abel Fainstein, Argentina contributions from Janine Puget, E.D.J. (Co-Chair for Latin America) The vibrant city of Rio is an ideal place Lindenbergh and Maren Ulriksen de Viñar) Werner Bohleber, Germany for our Congress, that will be not only or ‘Time and history in psychoanalysis’ (Co-Chair for Europe) intellectually but affectively alive. Sergio (with Peter Loewenberg, Alberto César Elias da Rocha Barros, Brazil Nick’s article gives further information Cabral and John Kafka)? And where (Co-Chair for Latin America) on the city and social activities. will I find time for a short course of 2005 CONGRESS 5 Rio de Janeiro: it’s beautiful … and agreeable!

Sergio Nick, Chair of the Local Arrangements Committee for IPA Activities the Rio Congress and a Rio resident, writes about his city

Rio de Janeiro is currently one of the world’s most popular cities for national and international congresses. Its incomparable beauty, numerous tourist attractions and warmly welcoming atmosphere, together with its enormous experience in hosting congresses, assure the associations and organizations that meet here of a wide range of options for the scientific and corporate events held in Rio every month.

As Chair of the Local Arrangements To this end we have had several meetings continue to do everything in our power Committee, I have pleasure in inviting with the municipal and government to ensure that you and your family have all IPA members and candidates of the authorities, at which they undertook an unforgettable stay in our city. psychoanalytic training institutes, as (as they have done for all events held here) Let me also remind you that Rio is the well as anyone else wishing to share in to devote special attention to security starting point for trips to numerous other our event, to come and take part in this during the Congress. This is facilitated Brazilian attractions, such as, among 44th IPA Congress, in a city which has by the fact that July is the month for others, the Amazon Region, Pantanal, everything to delight delegates and school holidays in Brazil, so that the Rio the Iguaçu Falls, Salvador da Bahia, the their families. authorities can concentrate even more Lençóis Maranhenses, Bonito, Búzios, on tourism and take whatever action The Congress will be held in one of the Parati and Ilha Grande. For those is needed to make the city even more finest parts of Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana interested, we have joined up with agreeable and welcoming to holidaymakers. Beach and Fort, which offers beautiful Blumar, the official Congress tourist It is also easier to get about at this time, glimpses of the maritime fringes of our agency, to prepare a number of package as the volume of traffic on the city’s roads city. In addition, this is one of the best- trips enabling delegates to take advantage is some 30 per cent less than usual. kept areas of Rio, containing as it does of their trip to Brazil to get to know some a large number of tourist hotels and I shall be very happy to help resolve any of these many tourist attractions. restaurants and therefore receiving special problems anyone may have about coming I have pleasure in informing you, too, that attention from the authorities in terms to Rio de Janeiro. We have done and shall the Cultural Support Committee, chaired both of security and of the quality of by Dr Claudio Rossi, together with our own service in general. We are already in the process committee, has worked hard to offer a Please note that recent reports of episodes of organizing the Gala Dinner wide range of cultural and artistic activities of violence in Rio fail to make the (at the Caiçaras Club, which has to complement the attractions of this important distinction between the favelas fine views of the Lagoon and the Congress. We are already in the process of (and their surroundings) and the city’s organizing the Gala Dinner (at the Caiçaras statue of Christ the Redeemer), tourist areas. While not denying the Club, which has fine views of the Lagoon existence of the dangers presented by a great Bossa Nova show on and the statue of Christ the Redeemer), any large city, I should like to emphasize Wednesday evening 27 July a great Bossa Nova show on Wednesday our intention to assure all visitors of a (so please come a day before evening 27 July (so please come a day beautiful and agreeable environment that the Congress starts!) and a before the Congress starts!) and a series will allow them to derive maximum benefit series of free lunchtime activities of free lunchtime activities ranging from from the Congress and at the same time ranging from capoeira groups capoeira groups to sculpture exhibitions. from the attractions of Rio. to sculpture exhibitions. So come to Rio de Janeiro and enjoy all that it has to offer! 6 IPA ACTIVITIES

Letter from the

Daniel Widlöcher Donald Campbell President and Secretary President &

Secretary's Letter Dear Colleagues We want to bring you up to date with issues concerning the IPA, and to invite you to contact us on any points you wish to pursue further. Due to a lack of space in this issue of the News Magazine we have been unable to include our usual individual letters to you. Developing Psychoanalytic Practice and Training (DPPT) The introduction of this programme in 2004 has proved to be very successful. The IPA has received 26 proposals this year; 11 proposals were approved under the 2004 programme, and most of this year’s budget of $300,000 has been committed to these proposals. (The projects are listed on the IPA’s website www.ipa.org.uk) One of the aims of the DPPT programme is to collect information on the psychoanalytic practices of relatively new graduates within the IPA’s Constituent Organizations. A total of 640 questionnaires have been received from Members in 50 of the IPA’s 66 Constituent Organizations. The results will be made available to Societies and Institutes. This information will serve as a benchmark by which the IPA can track if the DPPT programme is having an effect on the numbers of patients in full analysis, and on the number of candidates entering the profession. Another aim of the DPPT programme is to spread best practice. We shall be organizing various sessions during the Rio Congress in July 2005 where project leaders can explain what has been learned. IPA Elections 2005 All 21 positions for Representative to the IPA Board are for election from the end of February 2005. The slates for these elections are listed on the IPA website in case you have not received them. There will be a simultaneous ballot to alter certain parts of the IPA’s Constitution and Bylaws regarding election procedures and other matters. A survey of the membership has been conducted and the replies received will be summarized in the ballot papers. Development Following the establishment of the IPA/EPF Han Groen-Prakken Psychoanalytic Institute for Eastern Europe, a new model for psychoanalytic development has been created in Turkey. An IPA Supervisory Committee has begun working with some Turkish candidates with the aim of preparing them for Direct Membership of the IPA, and subsequent establishment of new groups in that country. A working group has been established for China, and is investigating the long-term potential for IPA groups there. A proposal is also under consideration for the establishment of a Latin American Psychoanalytic Institute in partnership with FEPAL. Following the IPA Board’s approval last March, the IPA Allied Centres Committee has now been established with David Sachs as Chair. It has carried out, and is planning further, site visits to a number of countries to establish Allied Centres. This new type of relationship allows the IPA to form links with professional groups that are not ready or do not wish to become IPA Study Groups, but nevertheless wish to have a formal and mutually beneficial relationship with the IPA. IPA Congresses Registration for the Congress in Rio de Janeiro is now open on the IPA’s website. A special registration fee of $299 (almost half the fee for recent Congresses) is available, on-line only, to those who book for the Congress by 31 December 2004. After that date, the registration fee, for on-line booking only, rises to $375. Registration by fax or by post, or to pay by instalments carries a further small charge. Please book early to take advantage of the especially low registration fee. All bookings made on-line through the IPA website include a discount of $20. You will find an overview of the scientific and social programmes in this issue of the News Magazine, and there will be updates from time to time on the IPA website. IPA Board Meeting The IPA Board met in Paris in November. It considered topics currently already under discussion in specially constituted Board Working Groups, including: IPA dues and the IPA Business Meeting; the IPA’s procedures concerning New Groups and Education; and the introduction of an IPA credential by which Members may give clearer information to the public as to IPA standards of training and psychoanalytic practice. Some important decisions were made. The details are available in the minutes of the meeting, which have been sent to Societies and are available from [email protected] or from www.ipa.org.uk Contact with the IPA Board We wish to strengthen communication between members of the IPA and the IPA Board. Please feel free to contact the President of your Society, your IPA Representative, or us by e-mail and via the IPA website, which has been upgraded to allow for greater interaction, about any IPA matter. Kind regards. Daniel Widlöcher and Donald Campbell WORLD ACTIVITIES 7 Europe

The speakers, Jean-Louis Baldacci (SPP) and FINLAND >As a part of our series Evelyn Sechaud (APF), will be discussing the ‘Psychoanalysts join in dialogue – Finnish Psychoanalytical Society theme of ‘Sublimation’. the Wednesday Forum’, a public lecture W The 5th biannual internal conference of the Parthenope Bion Talamo entitled ‘From conscious to unconscious orld Activities Finnish Psychoanalytical Society will take international prize conflict in the suicidal subject’ will be place on 29–30 January 2005. Pentti Ikonen The Centro Torinese di Psicoanalisi, under delivered by Prof. Dr H. Henseler. and Turo Reenkola will speak on ‘The the auspices of the Società Psicoanalitica In the same series, Michael Günter Italiana and the Sociedade Brasileira de drives in a clinical perspective’. will lecture on ‘Uncanny violence’, Psicanálise de São Paulo, is pleased to on a date (TBA) in April. On 26 May 2005, Antonino Ferro, from announce that the winner of the 2004 the Italian Psychoanalytical Society, will Parthenope Bion Talamo International visit the Finnish Society. >A meeting to be held in Stuttgart Prize is Dr Celia Fix Korbivcher with a paper on 24 September 2005 The 5th PIEE Candidates’ Seminar entitled ‘The theory of transformations will include a lecture by Cyril Couve, The IPA–EPF Han Groen-Prakken and autistic states’. of London, and lectures by Dr Wilde Psychoanalytic Institute for Eastern Europe and another member of our Institute. (PIEE) organized its 5th Candidates’ GERMANY The subject-matter will probably be Seminar on 28 February to 5 March 2004 high-frequency psychoanalytic treatment in St Petersburg. It was devoted to the German Psychoanalytical Association of obsessional patients. memory of Han Groen-Prakken. (DPV) Each year, PIEE organizes three one-week Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute (BPI) Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Institute psychoanalytic seminars: the Summer School [All events to be at the Frankfurt (Outreach), the Child and Adolescent >11 June 2005 Psychoanalytic Institute] Seminar and the Candidates’ Seminar. A meeting on ‘Caspar David Friedrich: >28 January 2005, 8.15 p.m. and The topic of this year’s seminar was ‘The interpretations in dialogue’. Moderator: microprocess of the analyst’s intervention’. Dr Sieglind Schröder, Berlin (psychoanalysis). 29 January 2005, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Forty candidates and two direct members ‘The significance of the father for >8 May 2005 from twelve different countries in Eastern child development – new clinical and The 13th Lecture will Europe participated. empirical contributions’. be delivered at the Berlin Literaturhaus, Each day began with a lecture, followed Fasanenstr. 23, 10719 Berlin, by Gerhard A one-day symposium with contributions by theoretical discussions in small groups. Fichtner, of Tübingen, on 8 May 2005 from Frank Dammasch, Andrea Bambey, Afternoons were reserved for clinical at 11 a.m. Working title: ‘On the origins Hans Walter Gumbinger, Dorothea discussions in the same small groups. and early history of the concept Lenkitsch-Gnädinger and Britta Heberle. The topics of the lectures were: John Kafka: of ’. Organized by: Frankfurt Psychoanalytic ‘Microprocess, interruption and micro- après-coup’; Peter Blos: ‘Children as figures Institute and the Institute for Child Bremer Psychoanalytic Association Analysis and Youth . in the analytic material of adults’; Franziska (BPV) Henningsen: ‘Separation anxiety and Moderator: Hans-G. Metzger tension’; Gabriele Pasquali: ‘The >The DPV’s spring meeting will be >25 February 2005, 8.15 p.m. microprocess of the analyst’s intervention: held in Bremer on 27–30 April 2005. ‘A late encounter – psychoanalytic notes Sara and her dreams’; and Patricia Daniel: Subject: ‘Time and space in psychoanalytic ‘What happens to interpretations?’ on Urs Widmer’s Das Buch des Vaters’. thinking with reference to metapsychology, Lecture by Hans-G. Metzger. We also had the chance to compare and clinical practice and the theory of culture’. understand differences in technique and ways >4 March 2005, 8.15 p.m. of thinking between Freudian and Kleinian Psychoanalytic Study Group ‘A new and deeper understanding of analysts. The programme included workshops Köln-Düsseldorf anxiety and panic based on the theory on ‘Dreams’ and on ‘Analyst’s shuttle analysis of affect regulation (Gergely and Fonagy) and patient’s shuttle analysis’. >14 January 2005, 8.30 p.m. and process (Schachter and Squire). The next seminar will take place in Riga, Dr Buchheim, of Ulm, will deliver a lecture With clinical examples’. Lecture by Rainer Latvia, 5–11 February 2005. Western in our series on recent empirical research. Rehberger, of Uhldingen; Moderator: candidates are also welcome. Title: ‘Binding representations in borderline Ruth Schäfer. patients as measured by functional Aira Laine magnetic resonance tomography’. PIEE, Associate Director for Training Psychoanalytic Seminar Turku, Finland >29 January 2005, 10.30 a.m. Freiburg e.V. Dr Borens, of Basle, will deliver a lecture >Friday, 18 February 2005, 8.15 p.m. FRANCE in the candidates’ forum. Katja Morgenstern, of Hamburg: ‘God has no T-shirts: psychotherapeutic 65th Congress of French-speaking Psychoanalytic Study Group work with traumatized refugee children’. Psychoanalysts Stuttgart/Tübingen >Wednesday, 20 October 2005, 8.15 p.m. The Congress will be organized in Paris – >18 February 2005, 8.30 p.m. Ilany Kogan, of : ‘Psychoanalysis La Défense (CNIT) on 5–8 May 2005 by the Ron Britton (London), will deliver a lecture: in the shadow of terror – the role of the French Psychoanalytic Association (APF) ‘Emancipation from the superego’. analyst at times of chronic crisis’. and the Paris Psychoanalytic Society (SPP), with the participation of the Belgian, Canadian, Spanish, Greek, Israeli and Italian psychoanalytic societies, and the Madrid Society. World Activities Latin America Europe Association (ApdeBA-BAPA) Buenos AiresPsychoanalytic F . Dr LuisStorniawardforthebestworkon and adolescents. work onpsychoanalysiswithchildren Aberasturyawardforthebest Dr A. pedagogical andinstitutionalpointofview. applications ofpsychoanalysisfromthe Dr JoséBlegerawardforthebestworkon 2005 forthefollowingawards: Entries willbeaccepteduntil30October Awards with USAL,BuenosAiresUniversity. degree willbedevelopedinassociation Next year, aMastersofPsychoanalysis with theCAECEUniversityofBuenosAires. couples’ specializationsaretaughtjointly ‘Psychosomatic medicine’and‘Family and young colleagues. issues inpsychoanalysistostudentsand the APA continuestooffercoursesonbasic The Psychoanalytic Teaching Center(CDP)of Outreach activities assemblies andsmallgroups. and discussion,aswellplenarymeetings, There areweeklymeetingswithpresentations (APA) Argentine Psychoanalytic Association Intersocieties meeting and fourinspring2005.Membersof consists offivelecturesinautumn2004 With psychoanalysisfromcradletograve’, Stockholm: ‘Whatispsychoanalysis? Our fifthyearofopenlecturesin The SwedishPsychoanalytical Society or furtherinformationsee:www.apa.org.ar 8 developments in Meltzer’sthought’. international meetingon‘Creative During 2005ApdeBAwillholdan Internal congressandsymposium. >October 2005 ARGENTINA Colonia delSacramento,Uruguay. 9th ClinicalPsychoanalytic Meetingat Uruguayan Psychoanalytic Association: Argentine Psychoanalytic Associationand >November 2005 SWEDEN contd be heldinRio2005. P preparatory activitiesfortheInternational During thewholeof2005therewillbe second andfourthTuesday ofeverymonth. Scientific meetingswillbeheldonthe (SAP) Argentine SocietyofPsychoanalysis activity oftheDrLibermanCenter. theoretical orclinicalworkrelatedtothe Dr DavidLibermanawardforthebest adolescents. on psychoanalysiswithchildrenand Dr ElenaEvelsonawardforthebestwork 2005 forthefollowingawards: Entries willbeaccepteduntil30September Awards BAPA(ApdeBA) and workshops. offers curricularandextracurricularmodules The Psychoanalytical StudiesCenter(CEPS) University ofBuenosAires. jointly withtheSchoolofMedicine University postgraduatecoursesaretaught Outreach activities and psychiatry. out toprofessionalsinpsychotherapy There arealsoone-dayseminarsreaching lectures normallyreach150–300persons. treatment andtraining.Theseopen audience concerningpsychoanalysis, the Societyanswerquestionsfrom reality fromdifferent pointsofview. section willfocusonunderstanding social and EnglishFreudian orientation.Afeature critical andpluralisticreadingof theFrench foreign authorsandhopestofoster a local colleagues,Argentinecolleagues and since 2003.Itincludescontributions from been publishedbytheCPStwice ayear The psychoanalyticalmagazineDOCTA, has Córdoba Psychoanalytic Society(CPS) open tomedicaldoctorsandpsychologists. Medicine ofBuenosAiresUniversityandis Mental HealthDepartmentoftheSchool perspective’. Thisisofferedjointlywiththe course on‘Mindandbrain:aneuroscientific F Outreach activities rom ApriltoNovember, therewillbea sychoanalytical AssociationCongressto is discussed. areas anddepartmentsoftheinstitution and materialcontributedbythedifferent meetings isconductedinsmallgroups institutions areincluded.Oneofthese papers arediscussed.Monthlyguest W 7th Symposium. >August 2005 eekly clinicalmeetingsareheldand and students. professionals andother opened. Thisisopentomentalhealth P A successfuloutreachcentre,the Rosario Psychoanalytical Association social aspects’. study groupson‘Freud: theoreticaland work ofDonaldMeltzer, andtherewillbe Monthly seminarswillbeheldonthe will holdfortnightlymeetings. organized. Thepsychosomaticdepartment on theworkofWilfredBionwillbe W Mendoza Psychoanalytic Society our website:www.spaf.a.se Our detailedprogrammeistobefoundon chance toaskquestions. people interestedinpsychoanalysisthe called ‘Questionsandanswers’,giving The OutreachCommitteerunsaprogramme and aims’. training ofanalysts:weaknesses, strengths The secondsemesterfocusedon‘The . international meetingonthethoughtof and topreparatorymeetingsforthe discussions on‘Thefunctionoftheanalyst’, The firstsemesterof2004wasdevotedto São Paulo Brazilian Psychoanalytic Societyof •A • semester of2005,therewillbe: and clinicalsessions,duringthefirst As wellastheregularscientificmeetings de Janeiro(SBPRJ) Brazilian Psychoanalytic SocietyofRio • sychoanalytic StudiesForum, hasbeen BRAZIL eekly clinicalmeetingsandstudygroups philosophers, actorsandfilm-makers. between psychoanalystsand psychoanalysis, includingdiscussions Meetings oncinemaand of generalinterest. and answersonpsychoanalyticissues minute programmewithquestions the SBPRJwilltransmitaweeklysix- Through MECAM800mhzradio, general public. on ‘Psychoanalysis andculture’,opento universities’, andacycleofconferences meetingon‘Psychoanalysis and OL ACTIVITIES WORLD World Activities 9 sychoanalysis, 10–12 June 2005 sychoanalysis, 10–12 ablo Jiménez (Chile). PERU Congress of >9th Peruvian P in Lima process and ‘Psychoanalysis: guests: transformation’. International Dr Sophie Dr Alain de Mijolla (Paris), and Dr Juan de Mijolla-Mellor (Paris) P eru Psychoanalytic Society eru Psychoanalytic or information, call 212-752-0450, In regard to practice, a disturbing current event is the imminent requirement for licensing of psychoanalysts in many State. Licensed states, including New York professionals (physicians, psychologists, social workers) will not be affected in regard meet unless they to their practice; however, the State requirements, they will not be allowed to use the designation ‘licensed psychoanalyst’. The laws requiring licensing have standards far below those of the APsaA A proposed move to protect and the IPA. members is the possible credentialling of a of the IPA’, psychoanalysts as ‘Fellows designation that would counter that of ‘licensed psychoanalyst’ and that would be linked to a public information effort to show the difference in training standards. President Jon Meyer has written to the State Education Board about the lack of and of representation of members of APsaA in the bodies involved with the licensing IPA and Robert Tyson effort. Otto Kernberg have been appointed to serve as advisers to President Jon Meyer in matters concerning and global issues in analysis. the IPA Regarding scientific activities, Nino Ferro, de and Elizabeth Tabak from Pavia, Bianchedi, from Buenos Aires, will be guests at the upcoming 2005 mid-winter meetings. Nadia Ramzy will continue a conversation with Lord John Alderdice, Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly, will lead a Volkan about terrorism; Vamik panel on terrorism. Marianne Leuzinger- Bohleber will present a paper on conceptual research. Glen Gabbard and Stephen Suomi, will an expert on comparative ethology, discuss ‘Genes–environment interactions’. F or see the website: www.apsa.org In addition, a film relevant to psychoanalysis In addition, will also each month. There will be screened and Meeting at the Institute be the Annual meeting. of Candidates the Faculty P >2 April 2005 Panel: Panel: >2 April 2005 families?’ the family or violent ‘Violence in >21 May 2005 Panel: suffering and genre (depression, ‘Psychic psychosis, etc.)’. >2 July 2005 Panel: and psychoanalysis: medicine ‘Psycho collaboration’. from incompatibility to >9 July 2005 Panel: problems between ‘Institutions, power and psychoanalysts’. >17 July 2005 Panel: ‘The state and psychoanalysis: threat or opportunity?’ >15 Oct. 2005 Debate on homosexuality: ‘Can homosexuals be analysts?’ sychoanalytic Center of California (PCC) eter Fonagy delivered the 4th Annual eter Fonagy rancisco in June 2004, the governing bodies American Psychoanalytic Association American Psychoanalytic (APsaA) in San During the meetings of APsaA F bylaws in the agreed to change the APsaA direction of greater openness, facilitating the acceptance of non-members, especially members. The bylaw amendment shifts IPA responsibility for accreditation from the Board of Professional Standards to the Board of Directors (Council), the structure that oversees the functioning of APsaA. This change acknowledges that the overall organization is not only an educational institution but also one with an important investment in outreach, recruitment, scientific activity and political involvement. The proposed bylaw amendment was approved by the membership in October. P presented the Bianca Lechevalier-Haim Lecture. Tustin 7th Annual Francis P James Grotstein Lecture. Elizabeth Spillius presented the 14th Annual Memorial Lecture. Steven Ellman and Meira Likierman information are the panelists. For contact Carolyn Ellman (email: [email protected]). Los Angeles Institute and Society Studies (LAISPS) for Psychoanalytic Center Community LAISPS’ Trauma Outreach Project works with at-risk mothers, fathers and their children who are trying to cope with violence, abuse and other conditions exacerbated by information For extreme poverty. contact Carol Tannenbaum (email: [email protected]). Novick Kelly Jack Novick and Kerry Lecture. presented the annual contd

sychoanalytic Journey: ‘Psychic change’. ‘Psychic sychoanalytic Journey:

USA >22 Jan. 2005 Discussion: >22 Jan. 2005 Discussion: analytic encounter: ‘New modalities of the web-cam’. telephone, email and Panel: 2005 >5 Feb. and psychotherapy? ‘Psychoanalysis Or psychoanalysis versus psychotherapy?’ >5 March 2005 Discussion: of psychoanalysis: which factors ‘Variables define what is psychoanalysis and what is not psychoanalysis?’ >5 July 2005 pain’. Symposium: ‘Psychic >21 May 2005 P COLOMBIA WORLD ACTIVITIES sychoanalytic Societies (CIPS) CANADA 2005. Ronald Britton, Judith Chused, Klein’ will be held on 14–15 October developmental theories of Freud and developmental theories of Freud A two-day conference on ‘The was given by Lora Heims Tessman. The annual Edmund Weil Memorial Lecture The annual Edmund Weil (email: [email protected]). information contact Carolyn Ellman the life cycle on 20 May 2005. For present his paper on masculinity through Dr Diamond will receive his award and Distinguished Clinician of the year. Distinguished Clinician of the year. by the IPA. and Research (IPTAR) has named Michael Diamond IPTAR been designated officially as a Study Group Training Institute for Psychoanalytic The Northwest Psychoanalytic Society has The Northwest Psychoanalytic name and acronym. It is now known as CIPS. Societies in the USA, announces a change of umbrella group of non-APsaA Institutes and umbrella group of non-APsaA P The confederation known as IPS, the Confederation of Independent Caracas Psychoanalytic Society Caracas Psychoanalytic Colombian Psychoanalytic Society Psychoanalytic Colombian been elected Honorary Member of the CPS. Jon Keith Meyer, President of ApsaA, has Meyer, Jon Keith of Merit. been awarded the prestigious CPS Citation Lise Monette and Douglas Frayn have Lise Monette and Douglas Frayn Canadian Psychoanalytic Society (CPS) Canadian Psychoanalytic

North America Latin America America Latin 10 FOCUS

Where does the money go?

Henrik Enckell describes the funding of psychoanalysis in the Scandinavian countries Henrik Enckell

psychoanalysis Since the Second World War, the impact. The general, national, administrative A medical doctor who has made an The regulation of general, national, politics in all traditions naturally influence the financing agreement with the county council Scandinavian countries has had the of psychoanalysis as well. The result is will have all his treatments financed aim first of establishing, and then a very different picture between, for by the county council. This includes upholding, the so-called welfare example, Denmark and Norway. psychoanalysis. The patients pay an state. This has resulted in national extremely low fee, and the frequency societies with – from an international Denmark of sessions as well as the duration of perspective – a high level of social The situation in Denmark is very clear: treatment are not limited. The county security, as well as a relatively there is no societal financing of councils have, however, become more reluctant to form new encompassing health care system run psychoanalysis, and agreements with medical (and financed) by the community. there has never been. A psychiatrist who has In spite of the relatively doctors, and some In social and health care politics officials have laid down there seem, generally speaking, to be made an agreement homogeneous social (and there are only the condition that greater similarities than differences and health care politics psychoanalysis is not between the four Scandinavian three or four Danish in the Scandinavian psychoanalysts who have) to be included in the countries. There are also similarities countries, there agreement. Overall, in the changes that have come with the national health security may get financial are clear differences psychoanalysts who about, or may do so, in health care have an agreement in support for low-frequency in the national regulations (due at least partly to which psychoanalysis is therapies (max. one regulations concerning a general rise in social and health session per week), but supported are decreasing care costs), changes some think may it is explicitly stated the financing of in number. imply a threat to the Scandinavian that these sessions psychoanalysis. These welfare state. Psychoanalysis provided cannot form part of a differences supposedly by psychologists is not In spite of the relatively homogeneous psychoanalysis. Treatments reflect the standing supported financially. by psychologists have even social and health care politics in the of psychodynamic Rarely, in the case of less finance: a maximum children and adolescents, Scandinavian countries, there are clear thought in the national differences in the national regulations of twelve sessions of crisis the social services may concerning the financing of psychoanalysis. therapy a year is all that is societies at large … pay for a psychoanalysis. These differences supposedly reflect the available. In short, There is also the ‘Little standing of psychodynamic thought in psychoanalysis is not Hans’ foundation, founded the national societies at large, as well financially supported by the community by analysts, providing economic support for as the more specific trends in both in Denmark. child psychoanalysis given by psychologists. medical faculties and the wider medical In brief, in Sweden psychoanalysis communities. This is probably not the Sweden provided by medical doctors has been whole truth, however: the administrative In Sweden, financial support for fully financed, but this is slowly changing. regulative systems (implying in some psychoanalysis is dependent on the basic Psychologists’ treatments have never instances a marked autonomy for the training of the treating psychoanalyst. been financially supported by the health remitting physician to choose among There is a clear difference between care system. treatments at hand, and in others more treatments provided by medical doctors restricted possibilities) also have their and psychologists. Norway In a comparison of the Scandinavian countries, the Norwegians are best off. A child or an adult who has been sent to a psychoanalyst – be this a medical doctor or a psychologist – will have all (or nearly all) costs provided. Children will pay nothing, for evaluations or for regular treatments; adults pay a little less than $200 a year. The condition for all this is that the psychoanalyst in question has made an agreement with the health care community. The only difference between medical doctors and psychologists is the fee; medical doctors get a somewhat higher one. There are no regulations as to FOCUS 11 frequency of sessions or duration of time; the patients are treatment, at least not in practice. There is evaluated individually. a regulation that the psychoanalyst should make an annual report on the treatment, The Social Insurance but this is seldom followed up. Institution – which also pays for sickness benefits and Briefly, psychoanalysis is financed by the disablement pensions – health care community in Norway. It has to has had an interest The regulation of psychoanalysis be stated, though, that these authorities in rehabilitation, too. have become somewhat reluctant to A couple of decades ago, make new agreements with younger the institution funded psychoanalysts setting up a practice. the rehabilitation of people unable to work, Finland or for persons whose ability The situation in Finland is complicated. to work was threatened. Because of this, and because this author Psychiatric treatments, and is best acquainted with the Finnish especially psychodynamic scene, this picture will be given in most , formed detail here. one part of treatments One way of financing a psychoanalysis supported. is through funds from the local health In Finland, there are different administrative care district. Some districts have reserved The rehabilitating therapies supported institutions that may support psychoanalyses money for outpatient treatments not by the Social Insurance Institution had and psychotherapies. First, there is the supplied by the district’s own personnel, a frequency of one to three sessions per Social Insurance Institution of Finland. This and part of this money may be reserved for week. There has been an annual follow-up institution has broad social and health psychotherapies. Usually, these treatments of these treatments. At first, it was care responsibilities, and thus it consists are psychotherapies of two or three possible to get a therapy supported for of many administrative parts. One is the sessions per week, but psychoanalyses three years, but some years ago the total health insurance, a system to which every (especially for children and adolescents) duration was shortened to two years Finnish citizen, as well as foreigners living may also be financed. The psychotherapies (for students approaching their exams in Finland, belong. Medical treatments (or psychoanalyses) may be provided by a third year with one session per week provided in private practice are supported either medical doctors or psychologists, could be approved). by this insurance, on condition that the and in cases when only two or three treating professional is a medical doctor. The professionals supplying these sessions a week are approved, these Psychoanalysis provided by medical rehabilitating treatments have to be may – usually – form part of a psychoanalysis doctors is included in this financial trained psychotherapists or psychoanalysts (in which case the patient has to pay for support but, as the financing is not – medical doctors or psychologists (in the the remaining sessions). all-encompassing, the patient pays about case of trained psychotherapists, social 50 per cent. The final possibility for getting financial workers and psychiatric nurses are support for a psychoanalysis is through also included). This support is not automatic and there is a personal, private, health insurance. a follow-up. After 200 sessions the treating These insurances do not, naturally, form psychoanalyst has to make a report which Last year the Social Insurance Institution began to run down its support for part of the societal health care financing includes (apart from a regular anamnesis) possibilities, but they are not that rare in facts about the patient’s functional ability, psychotherapeutic treatments. During previous years, the amount of Finland. The treating professional may be an evaluation of the prognosis, as well as either a medical doctor or a psychologist. a regular diagnosis. If the treatment is psychotherapy treatment applied for (and supported) had risen regarded as indicated Conclusion and recommendable by dramatically, partly the health insurance’s In a comparison of the because treatments for Despite the relatively homogeneous social experts, a certain children had been and health care politics in Scandinavia, Scandinavian countries, included, partly because there are marked differences between number of sessions is the Norwegians are best approved for a certain of the increase in the the respective countries in terms of period. The period may off. A child or an adult possibility of getting into the financing of psychoanalysis. In an be one, or, at the who has been sent to treatment (because international perspective, the situation of an increasing number in Norway is very good, and in Sweden beginning of treatment, a psychoanalyst – be of trained professionals). there is also a good possibility of getting a two years, and the this a medical doctor number of sessions 160 The funds reserved for the psychoanalysis financed by the community. per year. When one or or a psychologist – rehabilitative treatments In Denmark, no psychoanalyses are two years have will have all (or nearly ran out a couple of times, supported, and in Finland we are in elapsed, a new report is all) costs provided. and the Institution came between. The situation in Sweden seems to required. Generally, after to the conclusion that be deteriorating, and there is some threat some years, the number these treatments should in Finland, too. Whether this reflects the of sessions approved is decreased, to in fact be the responsibility overall standing of psychoanalysis in perhaps 120, then 80, a year. Everyone of the health care district. A decision Scandinavia is hard to determine. is entitled to financial support for was made to stop the rehabilitative treatments, but this led to a heated 50 sessions annually. Notes debate in which both professionals and Accordingly, patients in psychoanalysis lay people participated. The result was The author would like to thank with a medical doctor, and who want to that the institution will continue to Drs Henning Paikin, Jukka-Pekka Pentinsaari, Björn Salomonsson and use this health insurance system, pay for finance psychotherapeutic treatments Helge Sletvold for valuable information about half of the treatments themselves. of two sessions a week, but these may and helpful suggestions. The support is not, however, limitless in not form part of psychoanalyses. International Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2004 PSYCHOANALYSIS News Magazine of the International Psychoanalytical Association

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Insight: How Scandinavia funds psychoanalysis

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