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Cercetări Asupra Unor Insecte Dăunătoare Pădurilor Din Bazinul Superior Al Râului Doamnei

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Cercetări Asupra Unor Insecte Dăunătoare Pădurilor Din Bazinul Superior Al Râului Doamnei RETEVOI GHEORGHE ROMEO CERCETĂRI ASUPRA UNOR INSECTE DĂUNĂTOARE PĂDURILOR DIN BAZINUL SUPERIOR AL RÂULUI DOAMNEI 2018 1 RETEVOI GHEORGHE ROMEO CERCETĂRI ASUPRA UNOR INSECTE DĂUNĂTOARE PĂDURILOR DIN BAZINUL SUPERIOR AL RÂULUI DOAMNEI Referenți științifici: Prof. univ.dr. Irina Teodorescu Prof.univ.dr. Radu Gava Editura Bioflux, Cluj-Napoca, 2018 ISBN 978-606-8887-20-3 2 CUPRINS CUPRINS ................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCERE ........................................................................................................................ 6 ISTORICUL ENTOMOLOGIE FORESTIERE ÎN ROMÂNIA ............................................... 8 SITUAŢIA ATACURILOR INSECTELOR DĂUNĂTOARE ÎN ARBORETELE DIN BAZINUL SUPERIOR AL RÂULUI DOAMNEI .................................................................. 10 CAPITOLUL I ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.Caracterizarea generală a bazinului superior al râului Doamnei ............................. 12 1.1 Localizare geografică ................................................................................................. 12 1.2 Climatologie .............................................................................................................. 14 1.2.1 Regimul termic .................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Regimul pluviometric ......................................................................................... 15 1.2.3 Regimul eolian .................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Solurile ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Vegetaţia .................................................................................................................... 16 CAPITOLUL II ...................................................................................................................... 18 2. METODE ŞI TEHNICI DE STUDIU ............................................................................. 18 2.1 Metode de prelevare pentru insectele defoliatoare la Fagus sylvatica ................. 19 2.2 Metode de prelevare pentru insecte defoliatoare la Robinia pseudacacia ........... 20 2.3 Metode de prelevare pentru insectele galicole la Quercus robur .......................... 20 2.4 Metode de prelevare pentru insectele care atacă între lemn şi scoarţă ....................... 20 2.4.1 Numărarea galeriilor de pe o anumită suprafaţă ............................................ 21 2.4.2 Utilizarea arborilor cursă ................................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Folosirea scoarţelor cursă .................................................................................. 22 2.4.4 Utilizarea tuburilor feromonale ......................................................................... 23 2.4.5 Utilizarea curselor feromonale .......................................................................... 23 2.4.6 Utilizarea parilor cursă....................................................................................... 24 2.5 Colectarea probelor.................................................................................................... 24 2.6 Analiza statistică a datelor .......................................................................................... 25 2.6.1Tipul de distribuţie ............................................................................................... 26 2.6.3 Extimarea dispersie unei populaţii .................................................................... 26 2.6.4 Densitatea ............................................................................................................ 27 2.6.5 Extimarea mediei populaţionale ........................................................................ 27 2.6.6 Testarea diferenţelor dintre două probe ............................................................ 28 2.6.7 Testarea diferenţelor dintre trei sau mai multe probe ....................................... 29 2.6.8 Analiza corelaţiei ................................................................................................ 29 2.6.9 Analiza regresiei ................................................................................................. 30 2.6.10 Calcularea suprapunerii nişelor ...................................................................... 30 2.6.9 Coeficientul de înmulţire; Fecunditatea; Activitatea duşmanilor .................. 30 CAPITOLUL III ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.INSECTE DĂUNĂTOARE PĂDURILOR DE FOIOASE .............................................. 32 3.1 Lepidoptere dăunătoare a pădurilor de foioase............................................................... 32 3.1. Lepidoptere dăunătoare a pădurilor de foioase.......................................................... 32 3.1.1 Parectopa robiniella Clemens – 1863 ................................................................ 32 3.1.1.1 Descrierea speciei ......................................................................................... 33 3.1.1.2 Ciclul de viaţă al speciei Parectopa robiniella ............................................ 34 3.1.1.3 Vătămări produse de Parectopa robiniella .................................................. 35 3.1.1.4 Depistarea insectei ........................................................................................ 35 3 3.1.1.5 Tipul de distribuţie........................................................................................ 37 3.1.1.6 Intervalul de confidenţă al mediei ................................................................ 40 3.1.1.7 Intensitatea atacului ...................................................................................... 42 3.1.1.8 Testarea diferenţelor dintre probe................................................................. 43 3.1.1.9 Evoluţia numerică a populaţiei de Parectopa robiniella .............................. 47 3.1.1.10 Corelaţii între evoluţia numerică a populaţiei de Parectopa robiniella şi temperatură ............................................................................................................... 48 3.1.2 Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens -1859 .......................................................... 51 3.1.2.1 Descrierea speciei ......................................................................................... 51 3.1.2.2 Ciclul de viaţă ............................................................................................... 53 3.1.2.3 Vătămări produse de Phyllonorycter robiniella ........................................... 53 3.1.2.4 Depistarea insectei ........................................................................................ 54 3.1.2.5 Tipul de distribuţie........................................................................................ 55 3.1.2.6 Densitatea populaţiei .................................................................................... 58 3.1.2.7 Intervalul de confidenţă al mediei ................................................................ 58 3.1.2.8 Testarea diferenţelor dintre probe................................................................. 58 3.1.2.9 Evoluţia numerică a populaţiei ..................................................................... 60 3.1.2.10 Corelaţii între evoluţia numerică a populaţiei de Phyllonorycter robiniella şi temperatură ........................................................................................................... 62 3.1.3 Studiu asupra acţiunii parazitoizilor la Parectopa robiniella şi Phyllonoycter robiniella ...................................................................................................................... 63 3.1.4 Efecte ale acţiunii moliilor miniere ................................................................... 66 3.1.5 Abundenţa relativă a moliilor miniere ............................................................... 67 3.1.6 Calcularea suprapunerii nişelor ........................................................................ 67 3.2 Homoptere dăunătoare a pădurilor de foioase ...................................................... 68 3.2.1 Phyllaphis fagi (Linnaeus, 1767) ....................................................................... 68 3.2.1.1Caracterizarea speciei şi ciclul de viaţă ......................................................... 68 3.2.1.2 Caracteristicele atacului ................................................................................ 69 3.2.1.3 Depistarea speciei (Phyllaphis fagi) ............................................................. 70 3.2.1.4 Combaterea speciei (Phyllaphis fagi) ........................................................... 71 3.2.1.5 Analiza statistică a datelor- tipul de distribuţie ............................................ 72 3.2.1.6 Densitatea ..................................................................................................... 73 3.2.1.7 Evoluţia numerică a populaţiei în cele trei suprafeţe de probă ................... 74 3.2.1.8 Frecvenţa frunzelor atacate de Phyllaphys fagi, după numărul de indivizi per frunză .......................................................................................................................
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