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Journal of Botanic Gardens Conservation International Volume 13 • Number 1 • January 2016 Early warning systems for plant health The role of botanic gardens Volume 13 • Number 1 EDITORIAL TREE AND PLANT HEALTH EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS - THE ROLE OF BOTANIC GARDENS Dr Charles Lane .... 02 EDITORS MESSAGE FROM BGCI’S SECRETARY GENERAL Dr Paul Smith .... 03 AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR NEW AND EMERGING PLANT PEST AND DISEASE RISKS: A NETWORK OF BOTANIC GARDENS AND ARBORETA .... 04 Ellie Barham TREE HEALTH, IPSN AND THE YORKSHIRE ARBORETUM John Grimshaw .... 09 Suzanne Sharrock Ellie Barham CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHRISTCHURCH BOTANIC GARDENS TO PLANT Director of Global International Plant Sentinel HEALTH AND BIOSECURITY IN NEW ZEALAND Programmes Network Coordinator .... 12 John Clemens and Eckehard Brockerhoff Cover Photo : Longhorn beetle (Shutterstock.com) MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON Design : Seascape www.seascapedesign.co.uk NURSERY AND LANDSCAPE PESTS IN SHENZHEN, CHINA Hui Dong .... 16 THE SENTINEL PLANT NETWORK: ENHANCING BIOSECURITY BY BGjournal is published by Botanic Gardens Conservation LEVERAGING THE CAPACITY OF PUBLIC GARDENS TO SUPPORT EARLY .... 20 International (BGCI) . It is published twice a year. Membership is open to all interested individuals, DETECTION OF AND RAPID RESPONSE TO INVASIVE ALIEN PESTS institutions and organisations that support the aims Daniel Stern and Rachel McCarthy of BGCI. Further details available from: BIOSECURITY OF WOODY PLANT COLLECTIONS IN MLY Nˇ ANY • Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Descanso ARBORETUM House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW Marek Barta, Peter Ferus and Peter Ho tka .... 23 UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956 ´ E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.org SURVEYING, MONITORING AND QUARANTINING FOR NOTIFIABLE • BGCI-Russia, c/o Main Botanical Gardens, PESTS AND DISEASES AT THE EDEN PROJECT Botanicheskaya st., 4, Moscow 127276, Russia. .... 28 Tel: +7 (095) 219 6160 / 5377, Fax: +7 (095) 218 0525, Rachel Warmington and Katie Treseder E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.ru • BGCI-Netherlands, c/o Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 67, NL-2628 BC Delft, Netherlands RESOURCES PLANT HEALTH AND BIOSECURITY RESOURCES Tel: +31 15 278 4714 Fax: +31 15 278 2355 .... 31 E-mail: [email protected] www.botanischetuin.tudelft.nl •B GCI-Canarias, c/o Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Apartado de Correos 14, Tafira Alta 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain. Tel: +34 928 21 95 80/82/83, Fax: +34 928 21 95 81, E-mail: [email protected] •B GCI-China, 723 Xingke Rd., Guangzhou 510650 China. Tel:(86)20-85231992. email: [email protected] www.bgci.org/china •B GCI-Colombia, c/o Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, Jose Celestino Mutis, Av. No. 61-13 – A.A. 59887, Santa Fe de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Tel: +57 630 0949, Fax: +57 630 5075, E-mail: [email protected], www.humboldt.org.co/jardinesdecolombia/html/la_red.htm • BGCI(US) Inc, c/o Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA. E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.org/usa BGCI is a worldwide membership organisation established in 1987. Its mission is to mobilise botanic gardens and engage partners in securing plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet . BGCI is an independent organisation registered in the United Kingdom as a charity (Charity Reg No 1098834) and a company limited by guarantee, No 4673175. BGCI is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) non-profit organisation in the USA and is a registered non-profit organisation in Russia. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Boards or staff of BGCI or of its members. BGCI • 2016 • BGjournal • Vol 13 (1) 01 EDITORIAL: TREE AND PLANT HEALTH EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS - THE ROLE OF BOTANIC GARDENS establishment, spread and impact, and By developing pest and disease may influence the conditions under which surveillance skills and capability they can previously benign pests and diseases are help in gathering evidence needed for able to develop and cause damaging analysing the risk a pest poses to plant impacts (Defra, 2014). Safeguarding plant species around the world, whilst improving health is a key priority for National Plant their own understanding of the pests and Protection Organisations (NPPOs) diseases that threaten their collections. balancing the safeguarding of plant This capability, appropriate pest and biosecurity whilst enabling sustainable disease surveillance tools and reporting economic growth. NPPOs use risk- mechanisms to NPPOs have the potential based decision-making to identify and to become an invaluable part of any target those organisms of the highest risk country’s plant health early warning and ensure intervention to protect plants system. Heightened awareness of plant is proportionate and targeted to make the biosecurity is not only beneficial to the staff best use of resources available. This risk and collections but also provides an assessment process is fuelled by excellent platform for raising awareness scientific information about alien pests and encouraging good plant biosecurity concerning aspects such as host range, practice with partners and visitors. geographical distribution, pest biology, However, opportunities to achieve this damage and control strategies. Evidence shared ambition of better plant biosecurity gaps increase the level of uncertainty by both botanic gardens and arboreta and Invasive alien plant pests and diseases when determining the threat of any alien NPPOs are strengthened by initiatives can cause long term economic, pest or disease. such as the International Plant Sentinel environmental and social impacts both Network. presently and as witnessed by events in In recent times, many of these incursions the past. This includes epidemics such as have damaged plants closer to home, , Brasier, C.M. 2008. The biosecurity potato late blight ( Phytophthora infestans ) impacting many citizens as they affect threat to the UK and global in the 1840s leading to 750,000 hunger parks, gardens and the green environment from international trade in related deaths across Europe (Zadoks, infrastructure of urban environments. plants. Plant Pathology 57 : 792 808. 2008) and Dutch elm disease outbreaks This proximity has motivated people to in the 1920s ( Ophiostoma ulmi ) and, more become more aware of the threats to the , Brasier, C.M. & Gibbs, J.N. 1973. Origin dramatically, in the 1970s caused by natural capital of their surroundings and a of the Dutch elm disease epidemic in Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Brasier & Gibbs, desire for its protection. Some NPPOs Britain. Nature 242 : 607-609. 1973). Currently, we are faced by pests have recognised the opportunity to such as emerald ash borer (Agrilus harness this shared ambition to help , Defra. 2014. Protecting plant health- planipennis); and diseases such as ash protect the natural environment. a plant biosecurity strategy for Great dieback ( Hymenoscyphus fraxineus ) and Engaging the public and voluntary sectors Britain. the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa , has gathered momentum in the past few to name just a few. The threats to plant years, although relatively speaking it is still , Zadoks, J.C. 2008. The potato murrain biosecurity have increased with the in its infancy. on the European continent globalisation in trade and travel which has and the revolutions of 1848. resulted in increased volume and diversity Botanic gardens and arboreta have a vital Potato research. 51 : 5-45. of plants and plant products moving role to play as custodians of outstanding worldwide (Brasier, 2008). Predicted scientific collections of a wide range of Dr Charles Lane , climate change effects may also plants, frequently growing outside their Consultant plant pathologist, Fera increase the risk of pest and disease natural geographical origin. EUPHRESCO IPSN project leader 02 BGCI • 2016 • BGjournal • Vol 13 (1) • 02 MESSAGE FROM BGCI’S SECRETARY GENERAL Dear BGjournal don’t work in that discipline. For this Reader, reason, we will start to trial a series of regular features with broader appeal in Over the past few the next issue. These will include: months we have been reviewing • A featured garden – with a particular many facets of BGCI’s work, including focus on small gardens our publications, and I wanted to alert • A Photo Gallery of images of plants, you to some changes that we will make landscapes, gardens and people to the next edition of BGjournal which • News – with a focus on important will be published in July. developments affecting botanic gardens The feedback we have received from • Resources available to BGCI members BGCI members is that the approach we • Training courses have taken over the past few years • Interviews with botanic garden staff focusing on particular topics, such as • Plant hunting and plant conservation tree conservation, seed conservation stories and plant health (this issue) is valuable to botanic garden professionals. For this As always, we welcome your feedback reason, we will keep this focused and any other suggestions for regular approach, and our next edition in July items that we could include in BGjournal will focus on the practice of ecological or in Roots . restoration as practised by the botanic garden community. Many thanks, and happy reading! However, we also recognize that by focusing on a particular topic, BGjournal Dr Paul Smith may have limited appeal to readers who BGCI Secretary General Missouri Botanical Garden (BGCI) Red palm weevil (Chris Malumphy, Fera) Bluebells flowering in UK woodland BGCI • 2016 • BGjournal • Vol 13 (1) • 03 03 Author: Ellie Barham AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR NEW AND EMERGING PLANT PEST AND DISEASE RISKS: A NETWORK OF BOTANIC GARDENS AND ARBORETA The plant collections of the world’s botanic gardens and arboreta include more than one third of known plant species – a unique resource to support global plant health. Introduction and biosecurity. However, over half The International Plant Sentinel Network of the institutes surveyed identified (IPSN) has been developed in order to n a previous edition of BGjournal Kramer a need for training in all areas regarding provide this support.
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  • The Earliest Record of Fossil Solid-Wood-Borer Larvae—Immature Beetles in 99 Million-Year-Old Myanmar Amber

    The Earliest Record of Fossil Solid-Wood-Borer Larvae—Immature Beetles in 99 Million-Year-Old Myanmar Amber

    Palaeoentomology 004 (4): 390–404 ISSN 2624-2826 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pe/ PALAEOENTOMOLOGY Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2624-2834 (online edition) PE https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.14 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F96DA9A-E2F3-466A-A623-0D1D6689D345 The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae—immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber CAROLIN HAUG1, 2, *, GIDEON T. HAUG1, ANA ZIPPEL1, SERITA VAN DER WAL1 & JOACHIM T. HAUG1, 2 1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany 2GeoBio-Center at LMU, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-4229 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-5982 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-4445 �[email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-8777 �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-8472 *Corresponding author Abstract different plants, including agriculturally important ones (e.g., Potts et al., 2010; Powney et al., 2019). On the Interactions between animals and plants represent an other hand, many representatives exploit different parts of important driver of evolution. Especially the group Insecta plants, often causing severe damage up to the loss of entire has an enormous impact on plants, e.g., by consuming them. crops (e.g., Metcalf, 1996; Evans et al., 2007; Oliveira et Among beetles, the larvae of different groups (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, partly Eucnemidae) bore into wood and are al., 2014).
  • Chicago Joins New York in Battle with the Asian Longhorned Beetle Therese M

    Chicago Joins New York in Battle with the Asian Longhorned Beetle Therese M

    Chicago Joins New York in Battle with the Asian Longhorned Beetle Therese M. Poland, Robert A. Haack, Toby R. Petrice USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1407 S. Harrison Rd., Rm. 220, E. Lansing, MI 48823 The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), was positively iden- would follow New York’s lead tified on 13 July 1998 attacking trees in an area of and that infested trees would northern Chicago known as Ravenswood. Previ- be cut, chipped, burned and ously, the only known North American occur- replaced by new trees at the rence of this Asian cerambycid beetle was in the city’s expense. Amityville area and the Brooklyn area of Long The city of Chicago ben- Island, New York, where it was discovered in efited greatly from New August 1996 (Haack et al. 1996, Cavey et al. York’s experience in imple- 1998). In New York, this woodborer has attacked menting its eradication program. With an excellent species of maple (Acer), horsechestnut (Aesculus well as 1 square mile each in Addison and in leadership team and organization, the city of hippocastanum), birch (Betula), poplar (Populus), Summit. Extensive surveys were conducted out Chicago obtained public cooperation and support willow (Salix), and elm (Ulmus) (Haack et al. to 1 ¼ miles past the outer boundary of known for the eradication program from the outset. The 1997). Because of the potential for longterm infested trees at all three locations. Survey crews media provided excellent, factual and accurate ecological and economic damage an aggressive were composed of APHIS inspectors, federal, information through extensive television, newspa- eradication program that involves locating, re- state and city employees as well as APHIS trained per, and radio coverage.