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Saugat SHRESTHA A,* and Sangeeta RAJBHANDARY B: Ipomoea Indica

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Saugat SHRESTHA A,* and Sangeeta RAJBHANDARY B: Ipomoea Indica June 2014 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 89 No. 3 181 J. Jpn. Bot. 89: 181–185 (2014) a, b Saugat SHRESTHA * and Sangeeta RAJBHANDARY : Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea triloba (Convolvulaceae) – New Records for Flora of Nepal aDhankuta Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Dhankuta, NEPAL; bCentral Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NEPAL *Corresponding author: [email protected] Summary: In Nepal, the genus Ipomoea herbaria abroad. The validity of the information (Convoluvulaceae) is represented by 15 taxa. was further ascertained by contacting Dr. Daniel The present study has added two more records, F. Austin from Sonora Desert Museum, who is Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. and I. triloba L. popularly known as Dr. Ipomoea. These two Detailed description with their distribution in Nepal, unknown species were identified as Ipomoea illustration and diagnostic characters have been provided. indica (Burm.) Merr. and I. triloba L. These two species have not been previously reported from The genus Ipomoea is a large and complex Nepal (Hara 1966, Malla et al. 1976, Hara et al. genus commonly known by the name “Morning 1982, Malla et al. 1986, Siwakoti 1995, Siwakoti glory” which comprises the largest number and Verma 1999, Press et al. 2000, DPR, 2001). of species within the family Convolvulaceae. There is no record of the specimens in the Ipomoea is estimated to contain ca. 600 species National herbarium (KATH) and Tribhuvan of climbers and shrubs, which are widely University Central Herbarium (TUCH) as well. distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics Therefore, Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. and (Wu and Raven 1995, Miller et al. 1999). Ipomoea triloba L. are herein considered new Members of the genus Ipomoea are annual and records for Flora of Nepal (Fig. 1). perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining Taxonomic treatment climbing plants. In Nepal, the genus comprises Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. 15 taxa occurring in the tropical, subtropical and Amboin.: 445 (1917). [Fig. 2] temperate region in Nepal (Press et al. 2000, Convolvulus indicus Burm., Herb. Amboin. Bista et al. 2001, Department of Plant Resources Auctuar.: 6 (1755). 2001). Convolvulus acuminatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: During field survey in Eastern and 26 (1794). Central Nepal, the first author came across Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., two unidentified species of Ipomoea which Syst. Veg. 4: 228 (1819). were collected and preserved for thorough Ipomoea cathartica Poir., Encycl. Suppl. investigation. The characters of these species 4(2): 633 (1816). did not match any description of Ipomoea Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. var. acuminata previously reported from Nepal. The identity (Vahl) Fosberg, Bot. Not. Suppl. 129: 38 (1976). of these unknown species was confirmed by Herbaceous, annual twiner or sometime consulting literature (Hooker 1885, Haines 1961, prostrate, with densely retrorse pillose axial Fosberg 1976, Austin 1986, Naithani 1990, Wu parts. Stem up to 6 m; petiole 3–16 cm; retrorse et al. 1995, Grierson and Long 1999) as well hairs, thickened at the base. Leaf blade ovate as by comparing digital images from different to circular, 3.5–15.5 × 3–14 cm, abaxially 182 植物研究雑誌 第 89 巻 第 3 号 2014 年 6 月 Fig 1. Distribution of Ipomoea indica (open circle) and I. triloba (closed circle) in Nepal. densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent; Specimens examined: Eastern Nepal, Koshi zone, base cordate, margin entire or 3-lobed, Morang district, Biratnagar, 80 m, 8 Nov. 2008, S. Shrestha 246 (TUCH). Central Nepal, Bagmati zone, Kathmandu apex acuminate, venation lateral, 7–9 pairs. district, Kirtipur, 1150 m, 28 Aug. 2007, S. Shrestha 213 Inflorescence dense umbel, axillary cyme, many (TUCH); Central Nepal, Bagmati zone, Kathmandu district, flowered. Peduncle 3–15 cm, stout, hairy; bract Koteswor, 900 m, 10 Nov . 2008, S. Shrestha 250 (TUCH). 3 in each flower, linear, outermost larger, ca. 2.5 Notes: Ipomoea indica shows similarity with cm and inner 1.5–2.2 cm, sparsely pubescent. I. nil and I. purpurea. The main distinguishing Pedicel 3–7 mm. Sepals 5, subequal, lanceolate, character among these three species is the 18–20 × 4–5 mm, outer 3 ovate-lanceolate, inner character of sepal. I. indica has ovate to 2 narrowly lanceolate; apex linear-acuminate, narrowly lanceolate sepals whereas sepals of hairs of sepals silvery white, soft appressed I. purpurea are oblong and those of I. nil are without bulbous base. Corolla bright blue or ovate elliptic (Austin 1986, Wu et al. 1995). bluish purple, reddish purple or red, 5–7.5 cm, Ipmoea purpurea has short (10–18 mm), acute funneliform, glabrous, 5–7 cm in diameter. and densely pubescent sepals. However, the Stamen-5, unequal, 1.6–2.5 cm, included, sepals of I. nil and I. indica are long (17–25 epipetalous, lower part of the filaments silky mm) and acuminate. In I. nil, the sepal is densely white; anther basifixed, 5 × 1.5 mm, dehiscing pubescent with coarse stiff hairs with a swollen longitudinally, extrorse. Gynoecium 1, included, base whereas in I. indica, the sepals have soft 3.6 cm long. Ovary glabrous. Stigma 3-lobed, silvery white hairs without a bulbous base ovule 3-locular; capsule globose ca. 1 cm in (Fosberg 1976). diam. Seed ca. 5 mm in diam., glabrous. English name: Oceanblue morning glory Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl. 1: 161 (1753). Habitat: Shady and moist place at an [Fig. 3] elevation of 80–1200 m. Batatas triloba (L.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Distribution: East and Central Nepal (Fig. 1), Phys. Genève 8(1): 49 (1838). Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Convolvulus heterophyllus Sessé & Moc., Fl. Sri-Lanka, South America, Tropical Africa, Mexic.: 36 (1892). North America. Convolvulus trilobus (L.) Desr., Encycl. 3(2): Flowering: February – October. 564 (1792). Fruiting: October – November. Ipomoea blancoi Choisy in DC., Prodr. 9: June 2014 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 89 No. 3 183 Fig. 2. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. A. Habit. B. Bract. C. Outer sepal. D. Inner sepal. E. Stamen. F. Pistil. 389 (1845). or coarsely dentate to deeply 3-lobed, lobe Twining or prostrate annual herbs, glabrous lanceolate, middle lobe longer, apex obtuse, or sparsely pilose. Stem 1–2 m. Petiole 2–5 mucronate, base cordate; lateral veins 6–7 cm, glabrous sometime tuberculate. Leaf blade pairs. Inflorescence axillary, dense umbellate broadly ovate to circular in outline, 2.5–7 × 2–6 cyme, 1–several flowers; peduncle 1–4.5 cm, cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, margin entire glabrous, angular, dark green, bract linear- 184 植物研究雑誌 第 89 巻 第 3 号 2014 年 6 月 Fig. 3. Ipomoea triloba L. A. Habit. B. Bract. C. Sepal. D. Stamen. E. Pistil. F. Fruit. G. Seed. lanceolate, apex acuminate, 3–5 mm, minutely 8–11 mm long; anther lobed, oblong, ca. 1.9 × hairy on upper surface; pedicel very short 2–8 1 mm, basifixed, filaments pilose at the base. mm, thickened at fruit. Sepal 5, subequal, 7–9 Style included 1, ca. 13 mm long. Stigma mm, linear-acuminate from ovate base, apex 2-lobed. Ovary gray, densely hirsute, 2-loculed, acuminate, abaxially very hirsute, adaxially 4- ovuled. Capsule globose 5–7 mm in diam., glabrous, margin fimbriate, inner sepal slightly densely hirsute. Seeds grayish brown, globose, narrower than outer; vein lateral. Corolla pink 2.5–4 mm in diameter. or purple, tubular, 14–18 mm, midpetaline band English name: Little bell hirsute outside. Stamen included 5, unequal, Habitat: Dry and open place along the June 2014 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 89 No. 3 185 roadside at an elevation of 80 m. Soil Conservation, His Majesty Government of Nepal, Distribution: East Nepal (Fig. 1), Taiwan, Kathmandu. Fosberg F. R. 1976. Ipomoea indica taxonomy: a tangle of Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Guinea, morning glories. Bot. Notiser 129(1): 35–38. Philippines, Sri-Lanka, North America. Grierson A. J. C. and Long D. G. 1999. Flora of Bhutan Vol Flowering: September – October. 2, Part 2. Royal Botanical Garden Edingurgh, Royal Fruiting: October – November. Government of Bhutan. Specimen examined: Eastern Nepal, Koshi Zone, Haines H. H. 1961. The Flora of Bihar and Orissa, Part III. Morang district, Sanihat, Biratnagar, 80 m, 8 Nov. 2008, S. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Shrestha 235 (TUCH). Hara H. 1966. The Flora of Eastern Himalaya. The Notes: I. triloba resembles I. batatas in shape University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. Hara H., Chater A. O. and Williams L. H. 1982. An and color of the flowers (Wu et al. 1995). Both Enumeration of Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol 3. the species have purple, infundibuliform flower. British Museum (National History) London. However, I. triloba differs from I. batatas in Hooker J. D. 1885. Flora of British India. Lloyds Bank integuments of the sepals and ovary. Sepals Building, Ashford. Malla S. B., Adhikary S. R., Rajbhandary P. M., Shakya of I. triloba are densely pubescent on margin P. R. and Shrestha T. B. 1976. Catalogue of Nepalese and midrib whereas I. batatas has glabrous Vascular Plants. Bulletin of Department of Medicinal sepals. The ovary in I. triloba is densely hirsute Plants No. 7. Department of Medicinal Plants, but I. batatas has glabrous and shining ovary. Kathmandu. Similarly, I. batatas has a tuberous root unlike Malla S. B., Adhikary S. R., Rajbhandary P. M., Shakya P. R. and Shrestha T. B. 1986. Flora of Kathmandu the tap root of I. triloba. Valley. Bulletin of Department of Medicinal Plants No. 11. Department of Medicinal Plants, Kathmandu. We would like to express our sincere Miller R. E., Manos P. S. and Rausher M. D. gratitude to Dr. Daniel F. Austin, University of 1999. Phylogenetic Systematics of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) Based on ITS and Waxy Sequence. Arizona who provided relevant literature and Syst.
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