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A Primitively Social Wasp
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref OBSERVATIONS OF XENORHYNCHIUM NITIDULUM (FABRICIUS) (HYMENOPTERA, EUMENINAE), A PRIMITIVELY SOCIAL WASP BY MARY JANE WEST-EBERHARD* Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute INTRODUCTION Until recently primitively social wasps, with more than one female sharing a nest but without a reproductive division of labor, were considered rare. For many years, the only such wasps known were the five species cited by Wheeler (1928) in his classic book on the social insects. More primitively social wasps are now known (for a partial list see West-Eberhard, 1979). It is clear, however, that many more remain to be discovered, and information on the biology of primitively social species is still scarce. It therefore seems worth- while to report the following brief notes on Xenorynchium nitidu- lum (Fabricius), a primitively social wasp found in India. The observations reported here were made on nests collected in the vil- lage of Janla, Puri District, Orissa (about 20 degrees N.Latitude) in November, 1979. X. nitidulum is widely distributed in India. Vecht (1963 p. 112) cites Dover and Rao (1922) as recording this species from Calcutta, Pusa, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kashmir, and Lahore (Punjab). NEST STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS Xenorhynchium nitidulum builds a nest consisting of several barrel-shaped mud cells coated with an amber-colored substance that is sticky when fresh, and that later forms a hard lumpy coating: This coating strengthens the rather fragile mud walls of the cells which are only 0.25-0.5 mm thick. It may also afford some protec- tion against insect predators and parasitoids, as further discussed below. -
Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The Prairie Naturalist Great Plains Natural Science Society 6-2005 Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska Robert W. Matthews Janice R. Matthews Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tpn Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Systems Biology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Natural Science Society at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Prairie Naturalist by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biological Notes on Ground-Nesting Digger Wasps from Western Nebraska ROBERTW. MATTHEWS· and JANICE R. MATTHEWS Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 ABSTRACT -- Nine species of sphecid wasps nesting in sparsely vegetated sandy soils near Ogallala, Keith County, Nebraska were studied during June 2003. The first records of the nest and prey of Cerceris clypeata gnarina Banks and Tachysphex williamsi R. Bohart are presented. Two species of weevils, Baris striata Say and B. subsimilis Casey, were prey of C. clypeata gnarina, with 12 to 22 individuals stocked per cell. Because B. subsimilis is a biological control agent for thistle, this finding is a caution to researchers not to ignore the potential impact of predatory wasps on the community. The single nest of T williamsi was a shallow burrow 5 cm deep; prey included grasshopper nymphs of Melanoplus sp. and M angustipennis (Dodge). -
Radiation in Socially Parasitic Formicoxenine Ants
RADIATION IN SOCIALLY PARASITIC FORMICOXENINE ANTS DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES DOKTORGRADES DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (D R. R ER . N AT .) DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FAKULTÄT III – BIOLOGIE UND VORKLINISCHE MEDIZIN DER UNIVERSITÄT REGENSBURG vorgelegt von Jeanette Beibl aus Landshut 04/2007 General Introduction II Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am: 19.04.2007 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von: Prof. Dr. J. Heinze Prüfungsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. S. Schneuwly 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. J. Heinze 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. S. Foitzik 3. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. P. Poschlod General Introduction I TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Six origins of slavery in formicoxenine ants 13 Introduction 15 Material and Methods 17 Results 20 Discussion 23 CHAPTER 2: Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Mediterranean species of the parasitic ant genus Chalepoxenus and its Temnothorax hosts 27 Introduction 29 Material and Methods 31 Results 36 Discussion 43 CHAPTER 3: Phylogenetic analyses of the parasitic ant genus Myrmoxenus 46 Introduction 48 Material and Methods 50 Results 54 Discussion 59 CHAPTER 4: Cuticular profiles and mating preference in a slave-making ant 61 Introduction 63 Material and Methods 65 Results 69 Discussion 75 CHAPTER 5: Influence of the slaves on the cuticular profile of the slave-making ant Chalepoxenus muellerianus and vice versa 78 Introduction 80 Material and Methods 82 Results 86 Discussion 89 GENERAL DISCUSSION 91 SUMMARY 99 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 101 REFERENCES 103 APPENDIX 119 DANKSAGUNG 120 General Introduction 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life and is considered to be one of the most potent forces in evolution. As many degrees of symbiosis, a phenomenon in which two unrelated organisms coexist over a prolonged period of time while depending on each other, occur, it is not easy to unequivocally define parasitism (Cheng, 1991). -
Comparative Methods Offer Powerful Insights Into Social Evolution in Bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton
Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton To cite this version: Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton. Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2014, 45 (3), pp.289-305. 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3. hal- 01234748 HAL Id: hal-01234748 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234748 Submitted on 27 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2014) 45:289–305 Review article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3 Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees 1 2 Sarah D. KOCHER , Robert J. PAXTON 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 2Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Received 9 September 2013 – Revised 8 December 2013 – Accepted 2 January 2014 Abstract – Bees are excellent models for studying the evolution of sociality. While most species are solitary, many form social groups. The most complex form of social behavior, eusociality, has arisen independently four times within the bees. -
Scientific Notes 193 APPLICATION of ALARM PHEROMONE TO
Scientific Notes 193 APPLICATION OF ALARM PHEROMONE TO TARGETS BY SOUTHERN YELLOWJACKETS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) HAL C. REED1 AND PETER J. LANDOLT USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA 1Current address: Department of Biology, Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK 74171 Alarm pheromones have been demonstrated for a number of species of social Vesp- idae including several hornets and yellowjackets (Vespines) (Landolt et al. 1997). Maschwitz (1964a, b) first demonstrated alarm pheromone responses in the yellow- jackets Vespula vulgaris L. and V. germanica (Fab.) in response to crushed wasps and body parts. Pheromone-mediated alarm has since been observed in other vespines: Dolichovespula saxonica (Fab.) (Maschwitz 1984), the southern yellowjacket V. squa- mosa (Drury) (Landolt & Heath 1987, Landolt et al. 1999), the eastern yellowjacket V. maculifrons (Buysson) (Landolt et al. 1995), Provespa anomala Saussure (Maschwitz & Hanel 1988), and Vespa crabro L. (Veith et al. 1984). 2-Methyl-3- butene-2-ol was identified as a component of the alarm pheromone of V. crabro (Veith et al. 1984), and N-3- methylbutylacetamide was isolated and identified as an alarm pheromone of the southern and eastern yellowjackets (Heath & Landolt 1988, Landolt et al. 1995). The source of alarm pheromones in social wasps generally is the venom, although the head is implicated as an additional source of alarm pheromone for V. vulgaris (Al- diss 1983) and V. squamosa (Landolt et al. 1999). Alarm behavior in V. germanica and V. vulgaris occurred in response to the squashed sting apparatus, sting sac, and sol- vent extract of the sting sac (Maschwitz 1964b) and in D. -
Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification
A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species. -
Novitattes PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3224, 39 Pp., 26 Figures April 6, 1998
AMIERICANt MUSEUM Novitattes PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3224, 39 pp., 26 figures April 6, 1998 A Generic Key to the Nests of Hornets, Yellowjackets, and Paper Wasps Worldwide (Vespidae: Vespinae, Polistinae) JOHN W. WENZEL' ABSTRACT The 31 genera of Vespinae and Polistinae tary Hymenoptera with which they may be con- worldwide are identified in a key to nest struc- fused. Many characteristics are illustrated or de- ture. Fifty-nine couplets and more than 80 pho- scribed here for the first time, with notes on tographs and illustrations permit both special- both anomalous species and anomalous forms ists and amateurs to recognize these nests in the of nests of common species. Pertinent published field or museum collections. A brief overview figures and museum collections are cited to explains the distinction between nests of these assist the professional in finding reference ma- social wasps and those of other social or soli- terial. INTRODUCTION All over the world, both entomologists and female (Wenzel, 1987) or millions (Zucchi et the lay public recognize and fear colonies of al., 1995). The aggressive, boldly striped social wasps. More than 900 species range adults advertise their unforgettable stings, from the Arctic to Tasmania, from prairie to and many moths, flies, and other defenseless rain forest to desert, from pristine habitats to insects have developed elaborate morpholog- industrial cities. Their sophisticated, all-fe- ical and behavioral mimicry to benefit from male societies provided the inspiration for a general desire among most animals to several of the major discoveries in insect be- avoid wasps. -
The Evolution of Parental Care Strategies in Subsocial Wasps
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The evolution of parental care strategies in subsocial wasps AUTHORS Field, J; Gonzalez-Voyer, A; Boulton, RA JOURNAL Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology DEPOSITED IN ORE 10 June 2020 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121347 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2020) 74:78 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02853-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE The evolution of parental care strategies in subsocial wasps Jeremy Field1 & Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer2 & Rebecca A. Boulton1 Received: 8 May 2020 /Revised: 8 May 2020 /Accepted: 21 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Insect parental care strategies are particularly diverse, and prolonged association between parents and offspring may be a key precursor to the evolution of complex social traits. Macroevolutionary patterns remain obscure, however, due to the few rigorous phylogenetic analyses. The subsocial sphecid wasps are a useful group in which to study parental care because of the diverse range of strategies they exhibit. These strategies range from placing a single prey item in a pre-existing cavity to mass provi- sioning a pre-built nest, through to complex progressive provisioning where a female feeds larvae in different nests simulta- neously as they grow. We show that this diversity stems from multiple independent transitions between states. The strategies we focus on were previously thought of in terms of a stepping-stone model in which complexity increases during evolution, ending with progressive provisioning which is a likely precursor to eusociality. -
Behavioral Phylogeny of Corbiculate Apidae (Hymenoptera; Apinae), with Special Reference to Social Behavior
Cladistics 18, 137±153 (2002) doi:10.1006/clad.2001.0191, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Behavioral Phylogeny of Corbiculate Apidae (Hymenoptera; Apinae), with Special Reference to Social Behavior Fernando B. Noll1 Museum of Biological Diversity, Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 Accepted September 25, 2000 The phylogenetic relationships among the four tribes of Euglossini (orchid bees, about 175 species), Bombini corbiculate bees (Euglossini, Bombini, Meliponini, and (bumblebees, about 250 species), Meliponini (stingless Apini) are controversial. There is substantial incongru- bees, several hundred species), and Apini (honey bees, ence between morphological and molecular data, and the about 11 species) (Michener, 2000), that belong to the single origin of eusociality is questionable. The use of Apinae, a subfamily of long-tongued bees. They all behavioral characters by previous workers has been possess apical combs (the corbiculae) on the females' restricted to some typological definitions, such as soli- tibiae as well as several other morphological synapo- tary and eusocial. Here, I expand the term ªsocialº to 42 morphies (with the exception of the parasitic forms, characters and present a tree based only on behavioral and the queens of highly eusocial species). In addition, characters. The reconstructed relationships were similar with the exception of the Euglossini and the social to those observed in morphological and ªtotal evidenceº parasite Psithyrus in Bombini, all corbiculate bees are ؉ ؉ ؉ analyses, i.e., Euglossini (Bombini (Meliponini social. Apini)), all of which support a single origin of euso- Despite many studies that have focused on the classi- ciality. ᭧ 2002 The Willi Hennig Society ®cation and phylogeny of bees, many authors do not agree on one classi®cation and one phylogeny. -
Front Matter Template
Copyright by Rong Ma 2017 The Dissertation Committee for Rong Ma Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Behavioral and Molecular Mechanisms of Pheromone Transmission in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Committee: Ulrich Mueller, Supervisor Johann Hofmann Lawrence Gilbert Shalene Jha Christina Grozinger Behavioral and Molecular Mechanisms of Pheromone Transmission in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) by Rong Ma Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2017 Acknowledgements At the threshold between graduate training and a professional career, I find myself reflecting on the importance of intentions. I began my PhD without a clear idea about how to join my interest in bees and chemical ecology together. It is a testament to the patience, encouragement, and guidance of my many mentors, colleagues, friends, and family that I managed any measure of success or to even complete it at all. I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Dr. Ulrich Mueller, for training me to be a careful scientist and helping me through several crises, both personal and professional, along the way. Early on, he encouraged me to spend time watching the bees, allowing my fascination with them to sustain and guide my work, which is a lesson I will not soon forget. Ulrich always had kind words of encouragement in moments of self-doubt, and I learned to trust his optimistic, yet brutally honest advice. He pushed me towards ever- greater degrees of research independence, encouraging me to find and collaborate with experts in the field. -
Sphecos: a Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers
SPHECOS Number 12 - June 1986 , A Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers Arnold S. Menke, Editor , Terry Nuhn, E(lj_torial assistant Systematic Entcnology Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA c/o U. s. National Museum of Natural History \olashington OC 20560 (202) 382 1803 Editor's Ramblings Rolling right along, here is issue 12! Two issues of that wonderful rag called Sphecos for the price of one! This number contains a lot of material on collections, collecting techniques, and collecting reports. Recent literature, including another vespine suppliment by Robin Edwards, rounds off this issue. Again I owe a debt of thanks to Terry Nuhn for typing nearly all of this. Rebecca Friedman and Ludmila Kassianoff helped with some French and Russian translations, respectively. Research News John Wenzel (Snow Entomological Museum, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045) writes: "I am broadly interested in problems of chemical communication, mating behavior, sex ratio, population genetics and social behavior. I am currently working on a review of vespid nest architecture and hope that I can contribute something toward resolution of the relationships of the various genera of the tribe Polybiini. After visiting the MCZ, AMNH and the USNM I conclude that there are rather few specimens of nests in the major museums and I am very interested in hearing from anyone who has photos or reliable notes on nests that are anomolous in form, placement, or otherwise depart from expectations. I am especially interested in seeing some nests or fragments of the brood region of any Polybioides or Parapolybia. Tarlton Rayment Again RAYMENT'S DRAWINGS - ACT 3 by Roger A. -
Triploid Females and Diploid Males: Underreported Phenomena in Polistes Wasps?
Insect. Soc. 51 (2004) 205–211 0020-1812/04/030205-07 Insectes Sociaux DOI 10.1007/s00040-004-0754-0 © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2004 Review article Triploid females and diploid males: underreported phenomena in Polistes wasps? A.E. Liebert 1, R.N. Johnson 1, 2, G.T. Switz 1 and P.T. Starks 1 1 Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Current address: Evolutionary Biology Unit, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Received 5 December 2003; revised 20 March 2004; accepted 19 April 2004. Summary. In hymenopteran species, males are usually hap- (1933; 1943) and thought to be ancestral in Hymenoptera loid and females diploid. However, in species that have com- (Crozier, 1977; Crozier and Pamilo, 1996; Periquet et al., plementary sex determination (CSD), diploid males arise 1993). In this system, a heterozygote at the sex-determining when a female produces offspring that are homozygous at the locus is female, whereas a homozygote or hemizygote is sex-determining locus. Although diploid males are often male (Crozier, 1977). Evidence for single locus CSD has sterile, in some species they have been shown to produce been found throughout the Hymenoptera (reviewed by Cook, diploid sperm, thus producing triploid daughters if they mate 1993), including species ranging from the primitive sawflies successfully. Diploid males have been observed in very few (Athalia rosae ruficornis: Naito and Suzuki, 1991), to hor- species of social wasps, and we know of no published reports nets (Vespa crabro: Foster et al., 2000), fire ants (Solenop- of triploid females.