Radiation in Socially Parasitic Formicoxenine Ants
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Ant Tribe Yan Zhao University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2012 Ant Tribe Yan Zhao University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Fine Arts Commons, and the Interactive Arts Commons Recommended Citation Zhao, Yan, "Ant Tribe" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 433. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/433 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ANT TRIBE ANT TRIBE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Art By Yan Zhao Shenyang Aerospace University Bachelor of Engineering in Industrial Design, 2005 August 2012 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT “Ant Tribe” describes the post-80s generation university graduates who live together in poor conditions without social security in communities around China's major metropolises. They dream of a better life in big cities but struggle with low–paying jobs. These struggling “elites” have become the fourth weak social group, after peasants, migrant workers and unemployed people. The reason why these college graduates are compared to ants is that they are like ants: clever, hardworking, politically weak and living in groups. The real world is always different from the ideal world of the “Ant Tribe” in China. They often lose their purposes in a complex society. It is more important for them to recognize the distance between the real and imaginary in order to rethink whether it is a right choice to stay in a big city and try to realize their dreams. -
Social Parasitism in Ant and Human Societies
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY POL358 Social Parasitism in Ant and Human Societies Joseph Marcel Virassamy 4/10/2013 Contents Introduction 1. Types of Parasitic Life History: Emery’s Rule 2. Temporary Parasitism: Concept of Power 3. Permanent Inquilines: Free Rider 4. Slave-making: Work Force 5. Recommendations and conclusion 6. Research Question: In what ways and for what reasons do social parasites manipulate their host? 7. Hypotheses: I would argue that social parasitism, whether in humans or ants societies, is based partly on self-interest and nature. Introduction This paper will attempt to bring to light a new study proposed by Professor Anil Hira in the field of bioeconomics studies. Though other nonhuman social societies, such as honeybees, can be used to draw parallels to human societies, in this paper I will focus specifically on ant social societies that are more “than a hundred million years older than humans” (Gordon, 2010, p.1). The reason I have decided to study ants and human societies is because both societies are the two most successful social organizations on the planet. Ants are one of the “most highly social of all organisms” (Wilson, 1991, p. 14) and dominate the insect world. Furthermore, like humans, ants succeed because they communicate effectively and efficiently (Hölldobler & Wilson, 1994). There is abundant literature on biological studies of ants; in the research for this literature review, I have selected some noteworthy literature on ant behaviour that I believe will 1 help to initiate a discussion on ant behaviour. The literature review includes the work of Hölldobler & Wilson, 1994, 2011; Gordon, 1999, 2010; Sudd, 1967; Moffett, 2010; Bourke & Franks, 1995; Hugh, 1967; Abbott, Lach & Parr, 2010; Gotwald, 1995 and Deslippe, 2010. -
Morphology of the Mandibular Gland of the Ant Paraponera Clavata (Hymenoptera: Paraponerinae)
Received: 9 October 2018 Revised: 17 January 2019 Accepted: 2 February 2019 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23242 RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphology of the mandibular gland of the ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Paraponerinae) Thito Thomston Andrade1 | Wagner Gonzaga Gonçalves2 | José Eduardo Serrão2 | Luiza Carla Barbosa Martins1 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Abstract Departamento de Biologia e Química, The ant Paraponera clavata (Fabricius, 1775) is the only extant species of Paraponerinae and is Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, widely distributed in Brazilian forests. Aspects of its biology are documented extensively in the Maranhão, Brazil literature; however, knowledge of P. clavata internal morphology, specifically of exocrine glands, 2Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, is restricted to the venom apparatus. The objective of this study was to describe the mandibular Minas Gerais, Brazil gland morphology of P. clavata workers. The mandibular gland is composed of a reservoir con- nected to a cluster of Type III secretory cells with cytoplasm rich in mitochondria and lipid drop- Correspondence lets, similar to that of other ants. Notably, the glandular secretion is rich in protein and has a Luiza Carla Barbosa Martins, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e solid aspect. This is the first morphological description of the mandibular gland of P. clavata. Saúde, Departamento de Biologia e Química, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Research Highlights Maranhão, Brazil. This study presents the morphological description of the mandibular gland of Paraponera clavata Email: [email protected] (Hymenoptera: Paraponerinae). Singular characteristics of the gland are described: the glandular Review Editor: George Perry secretion is rich in protein and has a solid aspect. -
Global Models of Ant Diversity Suggest Regions Where New Discoveries Are Most Likely Are Under Disproportionate Deforestation Threat
Global models of ant diversity suggest regions where new discoveries are most likely are under disproportionate deforestation threat Benoit Guénard1, Michael D. Weiser, and Robert R. Dunn Department of Biology and the Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Edited* by Edward O. Wilson, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 23, 2012 (received for review August 24, 2011) Most of the described and probably undescribed species on Earth As for other taxa, richness decreased with latitude (e.g., refs. 13 are insects. Global models of species diversity rarely focus on and 14) (Fig. 1) and there were also strong regional effects on the insects and none attempt to address unknown, undescribed magnitude of diversity. African regions were less diverse than diversity. We assembled a database representing about 13,000 would be expected given their latitude (or climate), the reverse of records for ant generic distribution from over 350 regions that the pattern observed for termites (15, 16) and terrestrial mammals cover much of the globe. Based on two models of diversity and (17), although similar to that for vascular plants (5, 18). The 53 endemicity, we identified regions where our knowledge of ant endemic genera were found almost exclusively in tropical regions diversity is most limited, regions we have called “hotspots of dis- that were diverse more generally, with four interesting exceptions covery.” A priori, such regions might be expected to be remote in North Africa, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and South Korea (Fig. 2). and untouched. Instead, we found that the hotspots of discovery Both overall generic diversity and endemic diversity showed are also the regions in which biodiversity is the most threatened a peak in the Oriental region, especially in Borneo, and were also by habitat destruction. -
The Functions and Evolution of Social Fluid Exchange in Ant Colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 1-30 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:001 13 January 2021 Review Article Trophallaxis: the functions and evolution of social fluid exchange in ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C. LeBoeuf Abstract Trophallaxis is a complex social fluid exchange emblematic of social insects and of ants in particular. Trophallaxis behaviors are present in approximately half of all ant genera, distributed over 11 subfamilies. Across biological life, intra- and inter-species exchanged fluids tend to occur in only the most fitness-relevant behavioral contexts, typically transmitting endogenously produced molecules adapted to exert influence on the receiver’s physiology or behavior. Despite this, many aspects of trophallaxis remain poorly understood, such as the prevalence of the different forms of trophallaxis, the components transmitted, their roles in colony physiology and how these behaviors have evolved. With this review, we define the forms of trophallaxis observed in ants and bring together current knowledge on the mechanics of trophallaxis, the contents of the fluids transmitted, the contexts in which trophallaxis occurs and the roles these behaviors play in colony life. We identify six contexts where trophallaxis occurs: nourishment, short- and long-term decision making, immune defense, social maintenance, aggression, and inoculation and maintenance of the gut microbiota. Though many ideas have been put forth on the evolution of trophallaxis, our analyses support the idea that stomodeal trophallaxis has become a fixed aspect of colony life primarily in species that drink liquid food and, further, that the adoption of this behavior was key for some lineages in establishing ecological dominance. -
A Biochemical Approach Toward the Systematics of the Leptothorax "Muscorum" Group in North America (Hymenoptera" Formicidae)
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 7/8, pp. 595-601, 19~9. 0305-1978/89 $3.00 + 0.00 Printed in Great Britain. © 1989 Pergamon Press plc. A Biochemical Approach Toward the Systematics of the Leptothorax "muscorum" Group in North America (Hymenoptera" Formicidae) JORGEN HEINZE Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.* Key Word Index--Leptothorax "muscorum"-complex; Leptothoracini; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; genetic variability; electro- phoresis. Abstract--Enzyme patterns have been used to distinguish among a number of morphologically very similar ant species belonging to the Leptothorax "muscorum" group in North America. Not counting the already described species L. retractus, L. sphagnicolus and L. crassipilis, the complex apparently consists of at least three or four more different taxa. Introduction As part of a taxonomic revision of this com- Ever since Provancher described the myrmicine plex, two species have recently been described: ant Leptothorax canadensis about 100 years ago, L. retractus, a common ant throughout boreal taxonomists have disagreed on the systematic North America, and L. sphagnicolus, known only position of this and related taxa from North from some spruce-bogs in Quebec [5]. In most America. Ants belonging to the myrmicine areas of North America at least two additional genus Leptothorax, subgenus Leptothorax (s.str.) taxa can be distinguished, which have been M. R. Smith (=Myrothorax Ruzsky) are rather referred to as "small brown" and "large black" inconspicuous and small in size. They nest in Leptothorax "muscorum" in Alberta [3, 8] or preformed cavities in decaying wood, in bark, Leptothorax spp. A and B in Quebec and New under stones, and in moss in boreal and alpine, England [6, 7]. -
Second Species in the Australian Ant Genus Peronomyrmexviehmeyer (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Steven O Shattuck1* and Simon Hinkley2
Australian Journal of Entomology (2002) 41, 104–105 Second species in the Australian ant genus PeronomyrmexViehmeyer (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Steven O Shattuck1* and Simon Hinkley2 1CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 2Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia. Abstract A second species of the rare Australian ant genus Peronomyrmex is described from Victoria. This new species, P. bartoni, represents only the third time the genus has been collected, the previous records being the holotype of P. overbecki Viehmeyer from north-eastern New South Wales and a collection, subsequently lost, from northern Queensland. Key words Australia, Formicidae, Hymenoptera, new species, Peronomyrmex. INTRODUCTION Description. Total length 4.3 mm; maximum head length 1.04 mm; maximum head width (behind eyes) 0.84 mm; Until recently, the Australian ant genus Peronomyrmex maximum diameter of eye 0.24 mm; scape length 0.62 mm; Viehmeyer has been known from only a single collection con- cephalic index 81; scape index 74; width across pronotal sisting of a single worker from north-eastern New South humeri 0.64 mm; Weber’s length of thorax 1.21 mm; dorsal Wales. While a second series had been collected from north- petiole width 0.26 mm; maximum petiole height 0.56 mm; ern Queensland, it was lost before it could be studied in detail dorsal postpetiole width 0.40 mm; maximum postpetiole (Shattuck 1999). The original specimen was described by height 0.62 mm. Head capsule (Fig. 1) with distinct, longi- Viehmeyer (1922) in the newly established genus Perono- tudinal rugae, those on dorsal surface between antennal myrmex as P. -
Akes an Ant an Ant? Are Insects, and Insects Are Arth Ropods: Invertebrates (Animals With
~ . r. workers will begin to produce eggs if the queen dies. Because ~ eggs are unfertilized, they usually develop into males (see the discus : ~ iaplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality later in this chapter). =- cases, however, workers can produce new queens either from un ze eggs (parthenogenetically) or after mating with a male ant. -;c. ant colony will continue to grow in size and add workers, but at -: :;oint it becomes mature and will begin sexual reproduction by pro· . ~ -irgin queens and males. Many specie s produce males and repro 0 _ " females just before the nuptial flight . Others produce males and ---: : ._ tive fem ales that stay in the nest for a long time before the nuptial :- ~. Our largest carpenter ant, Camponotus herculeanus, produces males _ . -:= 'n queens in late summer. They are groomed and fed by workers :;' 0 it the fall and winter before they emerge from the colonies for their ;;. ights in the spring. Fin ally, some species, including Monomoriurn : .:5 and Myrmica rubra, have large colonies with multiple que ens that .~ ..ew colonies asexually by fragmenting the original colony. However, _ --' e polygynous (literally, many queens) and polydomous (literally, uses, referring to their many nests) ants eventually go through a -">O=- r' sexual reproduction in which males and new queens are produced. ~ :- . ant colony thus functions as a highly social, organ ized "super _ _ " 1." The queens and mo st workers are safely hidden below ground : : ~ - ed within the interstices of rotting wood. But for the ant workers ~ '_i S ' go out and forage for food for the colony,'life above ground is - =- . -
Sistemática Y Ecología De Las Hormigas Predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) De La Argentina
UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PRISCILA ELENA HANISCH Directores de tesis: Dr. Andrew Suarez y Dr. Pablo L. Tubaro Consejero de estudios: Dr. Daniel Roccatagliata Lugar de trabajo: División de Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” Buenos Aires, Marzo 2018 Fecha de defensa: 27 de Marzo de 2018 Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Resumen Las hormigas son uno de los grupos de insectos más abundantes en los ecosistemas terrestres, siendo sus actividades, muy importantes para el ecosistema. En esta tesis se estudiaron de forma integral la sistemática y ecología de una subfamilia de hormigas, las ponerinas. Esta subfamilia predomina en regiones tropicales y neotropicales, estando presente en Argentina desde el norte hasta la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó un enfoque integrador, combinando análisis genéticos con morfológicos para estudiar su diversidad, en combinación con estudios ecológicos y comportamentales para estudiar la dominancia, estructura de la comunidad y posición trófica de las Ponerinas. Los resultados sugieren que la diversidad es más alta de lo que se creía, tanto por que se encontraron nuevos registros durante la colecta de nuevo material, como porque nuestros análisis sugieren la presencia de especies crípticas. Adicionalmente, demostramos que en el PN Iguazú, dos ponerinas: Dinoponera australis y Pachycondyla striata son componentes dominantes en la comunidad de hormigas. Análisis de isótopos estables revelaron que la mayoría de las Ponerinas ocupan niveles tróficos altos, con excepción de algunas especies arborícolas del género Neoponera que dependerían de néctar u otros recursos vegetales. -
Recovery of Domestic Behaviors by a Parasitic Ant (Formica Subintegra) in the Absence of Its Host (Formica Subsericea)
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Spring 2019 Recovery of Domestic Behaviors by a Parasitic Ant (Formica Subintegra) in the Absence of Its Host (Formica Subsericea) Amber Nichole Hunter Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hunter, Amber Nichole, "Recovery of Domestic Behaviors by a Parasitic Ant (Formica Subintegra) in the Absence of Its Host (Formica Subsericea)" (2019). MSU Graduate Theses. 3376. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3376 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECOVERY OF DOMESTIC BEHAVIORS BY A PARASITIC ANT (FORMICA SUBINTEGRA) IN THE ABSENCE OF ITS HOST (FORMICA -
Worldwide Spread of the Ruby Ant, Myrmica Rubra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Myrmecological News 14 87-96 Vienna, January 2011 Worldwide spread of the ruby ant, Myrmica rubra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) James K. WETTERER & Alexander G. RADCHENKO Abstract The ruby ant, Myrmica rubra (LINNAEUS, 1758) (formerly Myrmica laevinodis NYLANDER, 1846), an aggressive Eur- asian species with a powerful sting, is now spreading through temperate North America. To document the worldwide distribution of M. rubra and evaluate its potential for further spread, we compiled published and unpublished specimen records from > 2000 sites. We report the earliest known M. rubra records for 71 geographic areas (countries, major is- lands, US states, Canadian provinces, and Russian federal districts), including three areas with no previously published records: Prince Edward Island, Washington State, and the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. All earlier published records of M. rubra from East Asia, including the Far East of Russia, Japan, and China, appear to be misidentifications of Myrmica kotokui FOREL, 1911. Myrmica rubra is native to an enormous expanse extending from Ireland and Portugal in westernmost Europe across 8000 km to central Asia and eastern Siberia, and from 39 to 70° N in latitude. Exotic populations of M. rubra were first recorded in eastern North America more than 100 years ago. Myrmica rubra is now documented from five southeastern Canadian provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec), six northeastern US states (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont), and one northwestern state (Wash- ington) ranging from 41.5 to 47.6° N. Given the vast range of M. rubra in Eurasia, perhaps the most striking aspect about this species in North America is how little it has spread over the past century. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
ASIAN MYRMECOLOGY Volume 8, 17 – 48, 2016 ISSN 1985-1944 © Weeyawat Jaitrong, Benoit Guénard, Evan P. Economo, DOI: 10.20362/am.008019 Nopparat Buddhakala and Seiki Yamane A checklist of known ant species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Weeyawat Jaitrong1, Benoit Guénard2, Evan P. Economo3, Nopparat Buddhakala4 and Seiki Yamane5* 1 Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 3 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 4 Biology Divisions, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala Univer- sity of Technology Tanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 5 Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto 1-21-30, Kagoshima-shi, 890-0065 Japan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Laos is one of the most undersampled areas for ant biodiversity. We begin to address this knowledge gap by presenting the first checklist of Laotian ants. The list is based on a literature review and on specimens col- lected from several localities in Laos. In total, 123 species with three additional subspecies in 47 genera belonging to nine subfamilies are listed, including 62 species recorded for the first time in the country. Comparisons with neighboring countries suggest that this list is still very incomplete. The provincial distribu- tion of ants within Laos also show that most species recorded are from Vien- tiane Province, the central part of Laos while the majority of other provinces have received very little, if any, ant sampling.