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Supplement to 'Philosophy' ' Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement: 51 Logic, Thought and Language Edited by Anthony O'Hear Contributors Bob Hale, M. G. F. Martin, Gregory McCulloch, Alan Millar, A. W. Moore, Christopher Peacocke, R. M. Sainsbury, Gabriel M. A. Segal, Scott Sturgeon, Julia Tanney, Charles Travis, S. G. Williams, Timothy Williamson, Crispin Wright Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 29 Sep 2021 at 21:39:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100008018 Logic, Thought and Language ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY SUPPLEMENT: 51 EDITED BY Anthony O'Hear CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 29 Sep 2021 at 21:39:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100008018 PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset by Michael Heath Ltd, Reigate, Surrey A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 521 52966 2 paperback ISSN 1358-2461 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 29 Sep 2021 at 21:39:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100008018 Contents Preface v Notes on Contributors vi What logic should we think with? 1 R. M. SAINSBURY Mental Representation and Mental Presentation 19 GREGORY McCULLOCH Self-knowledge, Normativity, and Construction 37 JULIA TANNEY The Normativity of Meaning 57 ALAN MILLAR Two Theories of Names 75 GABRIEL M. A. SEGAL Relativism and Classical Logic 95 CRISPIN WRIGHT Principles for Possibilia 119 CHRISTOPHER PEACOCKE W7hat are these Familiar Words Doing Here? 147 A. W. MOORE Particular Thoughts & Singular Thought 173 M. G. F. MARTIN Conditional Belief and the Ramsey Test 215 SCOTT STURGEON Necessary Existents 233 TIMOTHY WILLIAMSON Ambiguity and Belief 253 S. G. WILLIAMS Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 29 Sep 2021 at 21:39:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100008018 Contents Basic Logical Knowledge 279 BOB HALE Frege's Target 305 CHARLES TRAVIS Index 345 IV Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 29 Sep 2021 at 21:39:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100008018.

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On Williamson and Simplicity in Modal Logic∗ Theodore Sider Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46 (2016): 683–98
On Williamson and Simplicity in Modal Logic∗ Theodore Sider Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46 (2016): 683–98 According to Timothy Williamson, we should accept the simplest and most powerful second-order modal logic, and as a result accept an ontology of “bare possibilia”. This general method for extracting ontology from logic is salutary, but its application in this case depends on a questionable assumption: that modality is a fundamental feature of the world. 1. Necessitism The central thesis of Williamson’s wonderful book Modal Logic as Metaphysics is “Necessitism”. Put roughly and vividly, Necessitism says that everything neces- sarily exists. Williamson himself avoids the predicate ‘exists’, and formulates the view thus: Necessitism x2 y y = x (“Everything necessarily is something”) 8 9 Williamson’s scruples about ‘exists’ are reasonable but sometimes require tor- tured prose, so, choosing beauty over function, I will use the E-word. (But let it be understood that by “x exists” I just mean that x is identical to something— with quanti ers “wide open”.) The considerations favoring Necessitism also lead Williamson to accept the Barcan schema (as well as its converse): Barcan schema 3 xA x3A 9 ! 9 So if there could have been a child of Wittgenstein, then there in fact exists something that could have been a child of Wittgenstein. This thing that could have been a child of Wittgenstein: what is it like? What are its properties? Well, it has the modal property of possibly being a child of Wittgenstein. And logic demands that it have certain further properties, such as the property of being self-identical, the property of being green if it is green, and so forth.
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