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A Companion to Latin American

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Blackwell Companions to Philosophy This outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey of philosophy as a whole. Written by today’s leading philosophers, each volume provides lucid and engaging coverage of the key figures, terms, topics, and problems of the field. Taken together, the volumes provide the ideal basis for course use, representing an unparalleled work of refer- ence for students and specialists alike.

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A Companion to Latin American Philosophy

Edited by Susana Nuccetelli, Ofelia Schutte, and Otávio Bueno

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

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This edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to Latin American philosophy / edited by Susana Nuccetelli, Ofelia Schutte, and Otávio Bueno. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-7979-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Philosophy, Latin American. 2. Philosophy–Latin America. I. Nuccetelli, Susana. II. Schutte, Ofelia. III. Bueno, Otávio. B1001.C65 2010 199′.8–dc22 2009015236 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Set in 10/12.5pt Photina by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Singapore

01 2010

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Contents

Contributors viii Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1

Part I Historical Perspectives 7 1Pre-Columbian Philosophies 9 James Maffie 2The Rights of the American Indians 23 Bernardo J. Canteñs 3Colonial Thought 36 Luis Fernando Restrepo 4The Emergence and Transformation of Positivism 53 Meri L. Clark 5Early Critics of Positivism 68 Oscar R. Martí 6The Anti-Positivist Movement in Mexico 82 Guillermo Hurtado 7Darwinism 95 Adriana Novoa and Alex Levine 8Krausism 110 Claus Dierksmeier 9‘Normal’ Philosophy 128 William F. Cooper 10 Ortega y Gasset’s Heritage in Latin America 142 Manuel Garrido 11 Phenomenology 156 Nythamar de Oliveira

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contents 12 Marxism 170 Renzo Llorente 13 Liberation Philosophy 185 David Ignatius Gandolfo 14 Analytic Philosophy 199 Diana I. Pérez and Gustavo Ortiz-Millán

Part II Current Issues 215 15 Paraconsistent Logic 217 Newton C. A. da Costa and Otávio Bueno 16 Language and Colonization 230 Ilan Stavans 17 Ethnic-Group Terms 241 Susana Nuccetelli and Roderick Stewart 18 Identity and Latin American Philosophy 253 Jorge J. E. Gracia 19 Latinos on Race and Ethnicity: Alcoff, Corlett, and Gracia 269 Lawrence Blum 20 Mestizaje and Hispanic Identity 283 Gregory Velazco y Trianosky 21 Liberation in Theology, Philosophy, and Pedagogy 297 Iván Márquez 22 Philosophy, Postcoloniality, and Postmodernity 312 Ofelia Schutte 23 Globalization and Latin American Thought 327 A. Pablo Iannone

Part III Disciplinary Developments 341 24 Latin American Philosophy 343 Susana Nuccetelli 25 Contemporary Ethics and Political Philosophy 357 Eduardo Rivera-López 26 Philosophy of Science 370 Alberto Cordero 27 Philosophy and Latin American Literature 383 Jesús H. Aguilar 28 Feminist Philosophy 397 Ofelia Schutte and María Luisa Femenías

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contents 29 Teaching Philosophy 412 María Cristina González and Nora Stigol 30 Cultural Studies 425 Arturo Arias 31 Deontic Logic and Legal Philosophy 439 Pablo Navarro 32 Metaphysics 454 Liza Skidelsky 33 Epistemology 468 Eleonora Cresto 34 Formal Epistemology and Logic 482 Horacio Arló-Costa and Eduardo Fermé

Part IV Biographical Sketches 497 35 Some Great Figures 499 Gregory D. Gilson and Gregory Fernando Pappas 36 From Philosophy to Physics, and Back 525 Mario Bunge

Index 540

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Contributors

Jesús H. Aguilar is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Arturo Arias is Professor of Latin American Literature and Culture at the University of Texas, Austin. Horacio Arló-Costa is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Carnegie Mellon University. Lawrence Blum is Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Education, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Otávio Bueno is Professor of Philosophy at the . Mario Bunge is Frothingham Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at McGill University, Canada. Bernardo J. Canteñs is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Moravian College. Meri L. Clark is Assistant Professor in the Department of History and Political Science at Western New England College. William F. Cooper is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Baylor University. Alberto Cordero is Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York (Graduate Center and Queens College). Eleonora Cresto is Assistant Researcher at the CONICET (National Council of Scientific and Technical Research) Argentina. Newton C. A. da Costa is Professor of Philosophy at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Nythamar de Oliveira is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Claus Dierksmeier is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Stonehill College. María Luisa Femenías is Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina.

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contributors Eduardo Fermé is Associate Professor at the Mathematics and Engineering Depart- ment at the University of Madeira, Portugal. David Ignatius Gandolfo is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Furman University. Manuel Garrido was Professor of Logic and chair of the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid until his retirement in 1991. Gregory D. Gilson is Assistant Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy at the University of Texas-Pan American. María Cristina González is Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. Jorge J. E. Gracia is Distinguished Professor and Samuel P. Capen Chair in Philosophy at the University of Buffalo. Guillermo Hurtado is chair and researcher at the Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. A. Pablo Iannone is Professor of Philosophy at Central Connecticut State University. Alex Levine is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. Renzo Llorente is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Saint Louis University, Madrid Campus. James Maffie is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Colorado State University. Iván Márquez is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Bentley University. Oscar R. Martí is Associate Professor of Chicano Studies at California State University, Northridge. Pablo Navarro is Professor of Philosophy of Law at the Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, and Blas Pascal University, Argentina. Adriana Novoa is Assistant Professor of Humanities and American Studies at the University of South Florida. Susana Nuccetelli is Professor of Philosophy at St. Cloud State University. Gustavo Ortiz-Millán is research-professor of philosophy at Instituto de Invest- igaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Gregory Fernando Pappas is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Texas A & M University. Diana I. Pérez is Professor of Metaphysics at the Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Luis Fernando Restrepo is Professor of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Eduardo Rivera-López is Associate Professor of Law and Philosophy at the Torcuato Di Tella University, Argentina.

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contributors Ofelia Schutte is Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. Liza Skidelsky is Senior Lecturer of Metaphysics at Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, and Associate Researcher at the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina. Ilan Stavans is Lewis Sebring Professor in Latin American and Latino Culture at Amherst College. Roderick Stewart is Professor of Philosophy at Austin College. Nora Stigol is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Gregory Velazco y Trianosky is Professor of Philosophy at California State Univer- sity, Northridge.

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Acknowledgments

The three of us would like to acknowledge here the help of our editors at Wiley-Blackwell, Jeff Dean and Tiffany Mok – from whom we received judicious guidance and patient attention throughout the process of compiling this volume. We would also like to thank Dean Michael Halleran and Senior Associate Dean Perri Roberts from the University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences for their support for the preparation of the index for this volume. Finally, we would like to thank the copyright holder of a selection by Miguel León-Portilla reproduced in chapter 1 (Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World, 1992, pp. 80, 83. Copyright © 1992 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Reproduced by the publisher’s permission). Susana Nuccetelli is grateful to a number of people who have been helpful to her in her work on this collection. Above all, Gary Seay deserves thanks for his encourage- ment and advice throughout the project, without which she would not have been a co-editor of the project at all. She is also indebted to Stefan Baumrin, Jorge Gracia, and Ernest Sosa – all of whom offered insightful advice that resulted in a project much better than it would otherwise have been. Ilan Stavans should also be mentioned for his early advice on strategies for publication, as should Travis Sulander, Jordan Busse, and Reese Petersen for their skillful assistance at crucial points in the project. Ofelia Schutte wishes to thank Roger Ariew, chair of the Philosophy Department, and her colleagues at the University of South Florida, Tampa, for their support of research and teaching in Latin American philosophy. She especially thanks her graduate students for their interest in the Latin American philosophy graduate seminar. She extends her deep appreciation to her friend, Carmen Diana Deere, who served as Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at the , Gainesville, during the period this manuscript was researched and assembled, for her interest in the project, and for facilitating her use of the outstanding Latin American Collection at UF’s Smathers Library. Finally, she thanks Richard Phillips, Head Librarian at the UF Latin American Collection, and the entire staff of the Collection, for their generous and endur- ing assistance. Otávio Bueno wishes to thank all of his teachers at the University of São Paulo from whom he learned what philosophy is and how it is done in Latin America, with spe- cial thanks to José Chiappin, Newton da Costa, Andrea Loparic, Pablo Mariconda, Oswaldo Porchat Pereira, and Caetano Plastino. He also wants to thank all of his colleagues

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acknowledgments at the University of Miami for creating such a stimulating place to do philosophy, and for making Miami the special home it is. Finally, he wants to thank his wife, Patrícia Maragliano, for her unconditional support over so many years, for the joys she brings to life, and to Julia and Olivia for making sure that we all spend enough time under the sun.

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