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THE MINISTRY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

TASHKENT UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES NAMED AFTER MUHAMMAD AL-KHWARIZMI

F.I. SAFAROVA

(Manual for students of technologies direction)

TASHKENT – 2019 1

Author(s): Safarova Fotima Isamiddinovna. “Guide to the world of television”. Manual for students of Television technologies direction (5350200). – Tashkent: 2019.-166 p.

PREFACE The aim of learning and teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan has become the most crucial issue while stepping in the world economy. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1875 of 10 December 2012 «On measures on further improvement of teaching of foreign languages» provokes enhancement of foreign language learning in the whole education system of the country. Since the adoption of the system-generating decree all the work in this area has been intensified and major reforms in modernization of teaching foreign languages at all levels of continuing education have started. This “Guide to the World of Television” manual is for students of ESP classes in higher technical educational establishments that train future specialists in the sphere of Television technologies. It aims to extend students’ vocabulary concerning their specialty. Moreover, it develops their reading, writing and speaking skills by diverse and colourful tasks and activities. Reach selection of motivating and informative, authentic and semi-authentic texts to improve both reading and speaking skills with various topics are presented in each lesson. Interactive activities focus on learners’ “can do” statements and follow the principles of the Common European Framework of Reference requirements. The material in “Guide to the world of television” is based on skills development and communicative tasks. The book consists of 15 topical lessons and each lesson starts with colorful lead-in (starter) activity shifting students’ focus on the topic. Starter activities followed by vocabulary, reading, grammar, writing, listening and speaking activities respectively. “Guide to the world of television” does not require special knowledge of television technologies, but it is advisable for teachers to understand the basic concepts and terminology of each unit. This book is designed not only for TUIT students but also can be implemented in teaching English for specific purposes in other Technical educational establishments.

Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, 2019

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CONTENTS LESSONS READING P

Lesson 1 Introduction to Television world What is TV? 6

Lesson 2 The origin of mass medium The origin of television 13

Lesson 3 Television pioneers Early 19

Lesson 4 Mechanical or analogue Mechanical TV versus 28 electronic TV Lesson 5 Colour TV History of colour television 35

Lesson 6 Analogue VS Digital Analog versus digital TV 42

Lesson 7 What is on today? 50

Lesson 8 in TV Television and computer 59 technology Lesson 9 Smart Television Smart TV and its features 65

Lesson 10 Television of new generation Promises of IPTV 70 Lesson 11 Television development in Uzbekistan in 76 Uzbekistan Lesson 12 Careers on TV The pioneer of Uzbek , 87 сinema operator - Khudaibergen Devanov Lesson 13 Cinematography world Hollywood or Bollywood 98

Lesson 14 Youth and television Impact of TV on youth and 104 children Lesson 15 Future trends of television Top six trends that are shaping 112 the future of TV Glossary 121

Answer key 131 Tape Scripts 155

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GRAMMAR LISTENING WRITING SPEAKING

Preposition The role of Writing news - television T.1.5

Tenses in active TV facts T.2.7 Writing advantage Role-play taking an voice and disadvantage examination essay Types of Interesting facts A chain story Imagine conditionals about TV T.3.7

Tenses in passive Great inventions Writing a A personal anecdote voice T.4.8 composition Types of pronouns History of colour Cinquian graphic Making a dialogue TV T.5.3 organizer

- Analog TV T.6.6 Writing the Discussion of a topic summary using “Six Hats” technique Tense revision Dialogue Choosing Writing an opinion Interview about TV TV program T.7.3 (agree disagree) essay Relative clauses Hand gesture Writing a Discussion technology T.8.5 paragraph

Modal verbs Smart Television T-chart Promotion of smart T.9.5 TV Complex object - - Role play Buying a TV set Phrasal verbs Invention of TV Writing a One on one T.11.7 congratulation interview letter Reported speech Jobs in TV T.12.3 A letter of Job interview application The degrees of Worldwide film A film review Role-play Interview comparison of awards T. 13.2 with celebrity adjectives

Usage of indefinite - - Debate and definite articles

Quantifiers Future trends of - Predicting the future television T. 15.5

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LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO TELEVISION WORLD

➢ What images spring to your mind when you hear the word “television”? ➢ Can you tell that you are a TV fun? ➢ What TV programs do you try not to miss? 1.1 Read the quotes about television and discuss them with your partner? Prove your opinion if you agree or disagree to them?

Television is an invention that permits you to be entertained in your living room by people you would not have in your home.

David Paradine Frost (7 April 1939) was a television presenter, journalist, comedian, writer.

Television is more interesting than people are. If it were not, we should have people standing in the corners of our rooms.

Alan Coren (27 June 1938 – 18 October 2007) was an English humorist, writer and satirist.

Theatre is life. Cinema is art. Television is furniture.

Author Unknown

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1.2 Match the words with their definitions. 1. a. able to be used or obtained; at someone's disposal 2. broadcasting b. a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages or signals, 3. device c. a digital system that gives a much clearer picture than traditional television systems. 4. electrical d. action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment 5. available e. communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting 6. image f. concerned with, operating by, or producing electricity 7. g. a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment 8. h. making and sending out of television and programs. 9. high-definition i. a visible impression obtained by a camera, telescope, microscope, or other television device 10. entertainment j. an electronic device for increasing the amplitude of electrical signals, used chiefly in sound reproduction 1.3 Read the text and do tasks given below. WHAT IS TELEVISION? Television (often abbreviated to TV or idiot box in British English is a widely used telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. A device shaped like a box with a screen that receives electrical signals and changes them into moving images and sound, or the method or business of sending images and sound by electrical signals: a 3D/an HD television. The term may also be used to refer specifically to a , programming or television transmission.

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The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots, meaning "far sight": Greek tele, far, and Latin vision, sight (from , vis- to see). Since it first became commercially available from the late 1930s, the television set has become a common household communications device in homes and institutions, particularly in the first world, as a source of entertainment and news. Since the 1970s, video recordings on VCR tapes and later, digital playback systems such as have enabled the television to be used to view recorded movies and other programs. A television system may be made up of multiple components, so a screen which lacks an internal to receive the broadcast signals is called a monitor rather than a television. A television may be built to receive different broadcast or video formats, such as high-definition television. The elements of a simple broadcast television system are: • An image source. This is an electrical signal representing the visual image, and may be from a camera in the case of live images, a for playback of recorded images, or a film chain--flying spot scanner for transmission of motion pictures (). • A sound source. This is an electrical signal from a or from the audio output of a video tape recorder or motion picture film scanner. • A transmitter, which generates radio signals (radio waves) and encodes them with picture and sound information. • An antenna coupled to the output of the transmitter for broadcasting the encoded signals. • An antenna to receive the broadcast signals. • A receiver (also called a tuner), which decodes the picture and sound information from the broadcast signals, and whose input is coupled to the antenna. • A , which turns the electrical signals into visual images. • An audio amplifier and , which turns electrical signals into sound waves (speech, music, and other sounds) to accompany the images.

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1.4 Choose A, B or C according to the text. 1. Television is …. 5. A transmitter generates … A. Telecommunication system and encodes them with picture and B. TV or idiot box sound information. C. A TV set A. Radio signals 2. It receives …. B. Waves A. Signals C. Sound B. Radio waves 6. …. receives the broadcast C. Electrical signals signals. 3. A derived word “television” A. A transmitter means …. B. An antenna A. Far sight C. A microphone B. To see far 7. A display device, which C. Vision turns the electrical signals into 4. It first became commercially …. available from the late …. A. visual images A. 1920s B. sound B. 1930s C. sound waves C. 1950s

Prepositions

Prepositions in English are part of speech and as a consequence cannot be used independently and change. English prepositions are divided into simple, derived, compound and composite / phrasal. The simplest form is the overwhelming majority of English prepositions: in, about, against. Derived prepositions come from the words of other parts of speech: concerning, including, depending, granted. Complex prepositions include several components: within, hereafter, wherewith, whereupon Compound or phrase English prepositions are a phrase. They include a

word from another part of speech and one or two prepositions: because of virtue of, for the sake of 8

1.5 Listen to the recording about TV and fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions and suitable words. Television is one … the best … the man has ever made. For some people it is difficult to imagine their life … this box. It is known that TV is a great force 3. … the world. Thanks to TV, we are informed … current affairs around the world. Moreover, documentaries, … programs discussions on TV enrich our intellect and give possibilities … education. TV also gives us … to see world celebrities, … and even to travel 6…. the world sitting on the sofa. We become … people … learning customs, traditions and art of other countries. Furthermore, it helps people to relax after a hard day’s work, so we can then cope better … the next day’s work. Thus, we can say that with great deal of … programs TV is a great power that … millions of people ... the screens. Nevertheless, tastes differ. There are many people who think that watching TV make people … and can ruin their eyesight. However, nobody … you watch TV … hours. It is a …of every person. You can simply switch … your TV-set and be busy with your favourite activities. 1.6 Complete the sentences with prepositions. 1. Nigora is very disappointed ______him. She thought he was a reliable person. a) on b) in c) about 2. We had some difficulty ______persuading her to come with us. a) in b) for c) to 3. Rustam is very self-conscious ______his height. He thinks he is too tall. a) after b) for c) about 4. I think we should divide all the leftover drinks and food from the party ______ourselves. a) with b) for c) among 5. Dildora’s ideas about education differ quite a lot ______mine. a) to b) from c) with

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6. Be careful! There a lot of exceptions ______this spelling rule. a) of b) for c) to 7. I think this song was inspired ______an old Beatles one. a) by b) of c) from 8. We saw some naughty boys throwing stones ______a poor old dog. a) for b) against c) at WRITING NEWS 1.7 Before writing news do the following writing news quiz. Fill in the missing word.

1. “Journalists use language that is clear, ___ and correct.” a) Cool b) Crafty c) Concise 2. Journalists’ language is simple. Which phrase is the best example? a) Riot police used shields to push demonstrators back. b) Fire fighters rushed to the scene of massive blaze. c) The Prime Minister was hauled over the coals. 3. Which of the following will add interest to your report. a) Using italics and bold b) Exclamation marks c) Quotations 4. Which of these annoy readers mostly? a) Big chunks of text b) Jargon c) inaccurate spelling and grammar 5. What is the golden rule of writing headlines? a) Be as clever as possible b) Keep it short and bright c) Never let the facts get in the way of a good story

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1.8 With your partner, write news about current event happened in your country. TIPS FOR WRITING NEWS

Remember to cover the five W's:

What is happening? Who is involved? Where is this happening?

When is it Why is it happening? happening?

In addition, BE

Concise - keep Clear - use simple language sentences short

Correct - check your facts, grammar and punctuation

After you have done that, write a headline - just one short sentence explaining what the story is. ______

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LESSON 2 THE ORIGIN OF MASS MEDIUM

➢ Work in pairs to make a list of words to describe television sets. ➢ What do you understand by the word “Mass medium”? ➢ Have you ever wondered about life without television?

➢ Do you know anything about the origin of television? 2.1 Tell to the class what the message of these pictures is and define the main general purposes of these inventions.

2.2Match the data with the inventions given above. 1. book a) It receives electromagnetic waves from the air that are sent by a radio transmitter. Electromagnetic waves are a combination of electrical and magnetic fields that overlap. It converts these electromagnetic waves, called a signal, into sounds that humans can hear. successfully sent it for the first time across the Atlantic Ocean in December 1901 from England to Newfoundland. 2. newspaper b) is the brains behind it, but many people had experimented with this before he did. In fact, numerous inventors helped design the system we know and love today, including Leon Theremin and . 3. Radio set c) The first known forms of them were the clay tablet of Mesopotamia and the papyrus roll of Egypt. Examples of both date back as early as 3000 b.c. Independent of

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these developments were Chinese ones, made of wood or bamboo strips bound together with cords. They dated back to 1300 b.c. 4. TV set d) Forerunners of the modern one include the Acta diurna (“daily acts”) of ancient Rome—posted announcements of political and social events—and manuscript newsletters circulated in the late Middle Ages by various international traders. https://www.britannica.com https://www.encyclopedia.com

2.3 Match the words with their definitions 1. conceive a) a period of ten years 2. predecessor b) move out of or away from something and become visible 3. decade c) a piece of radio or television apparatus that detects broadcast signals and converts them into visible or audible form 4. to emerge d) in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined 5. crude e) a stream of electrons in a gas or vacuum

6. receiver f) an electrical device consisting of a coiled wire, for converting the level of a voltage, producing a magnetic field, or adding inductance to a circuit 7. fluorescent g) produce and discharge (something, especially gas or radiation) screen 8. coil h) a person who held a job or office before the current holder 9. emit i) form a mental representation of; imagine 10. electron beam j) the movement of something through one complete circle. 11. rotation k) a transparent screen coated with fluorescent material to show images from X-rays

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ACRONYMS

RCA Radio Corporation of CBS Columbia Broadcasting America System NBC National Broadcasting BBC British Broadcasting Company Corporation FCC Federal CRT Cathode Ray Tube Communications ABC American Broadcasting Commission Company 2.4 Read the text. THE ORIGIN OF TELEVISION Inventors conceived the idea of television long before the technology to create it appeared. Early pioneers speculated that if audio waves could be separated from the electromagnetic spectrum to create radio, so too could TV waves be separated to transmit visual images. As early as 1876, Boston civil servant George Carey envisioned complete television systems, putting forward drawings for a “selenium camera” that would enable people to “see by electricity” a year later (Federal Communications Commission, 2005). During the late 1800s, several technological developments set the stage for television. The invention of the cathode ray tube (CRT) by German physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897 played a vital role as the forerunner of the TV picture tube. Initially created as a scanning device known as the cathode ray oscilloscope, the CRT effectively combined the principles of the camera and electricity. It had a fluorescent screen that emitted a visible light (in the form of images) when struck by a beam of electrons. The other key invention during the 1880s was the mechanical scanner system. Created by German inventor Paul Nipkow, the scanning disk was a large, flat metal disk with a series of small perforations arranged in a spiral pattern. As the disk rotated, light passed through the holes, separating pictures into pinpoints of light that could be transmitted as a series of electronic lines. The number of scanned lines equaled the number of perforations, and each rotation of the disk produced a television frame. Nipkow’s mechanical

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disk served as the foundation for experiments on the transmission of visual images for several decades. Figure 1. The Nipkow disk is a rotating disk with holes punched at regular intervals in a spiral configuration. When spun at high speed, light shining through the holes appears to scan an object.

In 1907, Russian scientist Boris Rosing used both the CRT and the mechanical scanner system in an experimental television system. With the CRT in the receiver, he used focused electron beams to display images, transmitting crude geometrical patterns onto the television screen. The mechanical disk system was used as a camera, creating a primitive television system.

Two key inventions in the 1880s paved the way for television to emerge are the cathode ray tube and the mechanical disk system. (https://2012books.lardbucket.org/.)

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2.5 Answer the questions according to the text. 1. What did early pioneers of TV speculate? 2. Who is the inventor of cathode ray tube? 3. What device was created initially? 4. What was the other key invention during 1880s? 5. What served as the foundation for experiments on the transmission of visual images? 6. Which inventions were the causes of TV invention? 2.6 Decide if the statements from the text are true or false? 1. In the late 1800s, several technological developments became the starting point for television. 2. The invention of the CRT by the German physicist Karl Ferdinand Brown in 1879 played an important role as a predecessor of the TV. 3. The CRT rationally unified the principles of the camera and electricity. 4. Nipkow’s electronic disk served as the foundation for experiments on the transmission of visual images for several decades. 5. In 1907, CRT and the mechanical scanner system in an experimental television system were used by Russian scientist Boris Rosing. 6. They applied mechanical disk as a transmitter. 7. There were two main inventions that helped TV to become known. 2.7 Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box and listen to the tape to check your answers. transmission, demonstrated, television, scientists, invented, broadcasts, system, electricity, definition, discoveries, recording, colour 1. In the late 19th, a number of ______had made important ______that Baird would use in his first version of a television. 2. Henri Becquerel found that light could be changed into______and, importantly, Ferdinand Braun had ______the cathode ray tube.

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3. Baird ______colour television and a video – ______system that he called “Phonovision” in 1927. 4. In 1928, Baird made the first transatlantic ______and a year later, he started 30- line mechanical ______. 5. In 1936, the BBC started the world’s first regular high - ______service from Alexandra Palace using Baird ______. 6. In 1940, Baird gave a demonstration of a high – definition full ______stereo ______. TENSES IN ACTIVE VOICE

Active Simple Progressive Perfect Present We usually watch We are watching We have already seen TV in the evening TV now. this film on TV. Past We watched TV an We were We had watched TV hour ago. watching TV when before we went to the he came. park.

Future We will watch TV We will be We will have watched after work. watching TV at 5 TV by that time. tomorrow. 2.8 Choose the correct verb tense. 1. Scotsman John Logie Baird may not have develop / developed the first TV, but he was the first transmitting / to transmit an image from one on October 2, 1925 using a ventriloquist's dummy. 2. High definition has been used/ was used to describe revolutionary 405- line , which have started/ started in the UK back in 1936. 3. Philo Farnsworth, who invented / has invented the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system, did not actually like TV all that much. While some believe/ are believing that bigger is better, Sony went/ has gone in the opposite direction in 1982 with the first pass-produced pocket television: The Sony Watchman FD-210, which had/ has a tiny 5cm grayscale display.

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WRITING ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE ESSAY STRUCTURE OF THIS KIND ESSAY Sentence 1 Paraphrase the question

INRODUCTION Sentence 2 Tell the examiner what you are going to describe in your essay Sentence 3 State main advantage BODY PARAGRAPH 1. Sentence 4 Explain how this is an advantage ADVANTAGES Sentence 5 Give an example Sentence 6 State main disadvantage Sentence 7 Explain how this is an BODY PARAGRAPH 2. disadvantage DISADVANTAGES Sentence 8 Give an example Sentence 9 Briefly restate advantage and CONCLUSION disadvantage Sentence 10 Give your final opinion

2.9 Write an essay about the following topic.

Compare the advantage and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which three you consider the most effective. • Theater • Television • Books • Film • Radio Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250words 2.10 Imagine that you are taking IELTS speaking module test. Choose a partner who will be an examiner and answer his questions about TV. Part 1. Do you often watch TV? What TV programs do you enjoy watching? Do you think children should watch TV? Part 2. Describe your favourite program that you watched in your childhood. Part 3. How does TV influence on society in general?

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LESSON 3 TELEVISION PIONEERS

➢ What do you think who is the father of TV? ➢ Can you say that there was only one inventor? ➢ What do you think what was the foundation of TV invention? ➢ Do you know who made the first step in this field? 3.1 Match the inventions and contributors (1-9) with their authors (a- i). 1. system a. Paul Nipkow

2. The cathode ray tube or CRT b. Karl Ferdinand Braun

3. Nipkow disc c. Paul Nipkow

4. publicly demonstrated the d. Charles Francis Jenkins transmission of moving images (silhouettes) 5. used a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a e. Boris Rosing receiver. 6. broadcast the first image of a live f. John Logie Baird human face 7. built a television system using g. Kenjiro Takayanagi Nipkow's scanning disc as a transmitter and a cathode ray tube as a receiver 8. described cathode ray tubes as both h. Vladimir Zworykin transmitter and receiver.

9. designed and built the world's first i. Philo T. Farnsworth working all-electronic television system

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3.2 Read the quotes. Do you agree to them? If yes, why?

Television is a gift of God, and God will hold those who utilize his divine instrument accountable to him. Philo T. Farnsworth

If it were not for Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of television, we would still be eating frozen radio dinners. Johnny Carson

3.3 Match the words (1-7) with their definitions (a-g). 1. experimental a. a programme that is broadcast on the television, especially a programme that is broadcast live. 2. motion b. technology involves measuring, storing, or picture recording an infinitely variable amount of information by using physical quantities such as voltage. 3. network c. relating to scientific experiments 4. telecast d. a group of broadcasting stations that connect for the simultaneous broadcast of a program 5. analog e. bring or come to an abrupt stop 6. digital f. a film made for cinema 7. halt g. (of signals or data) expressed as series of the digits 0 and 1, typically represented by values of a physical quantity such as voltage or magnetic polarization

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3.4 Read the text and do the tasks given below. EARLY BROADCASTING Television broadcasting began as early as 1928, when the Federal Radio Commission authorized inventor Charles Jenkins to broadcast from W3XK, an experimental station in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC. Silhouette images from motion picture films were broadcast to the public on a regular basis, at a resolution of just 48 lines. Similar experimental stations ran broadcasts throughout the early 1930s. In 1939, RCA subsidiary NBC (National Broadcasting Company) became the first network to introduce regular television broadcasts, transmitting its inaugural telecast of the opening ceremonies at the New York World’s Fair. The station’s initial broadcasts transmitted to just 400 television sets in the New York area, with an audience of 5,000 to 8,000 people (Lohr, 1940). Television was initially available only to the privileged few, with sets ranging from $200 to $600—a hefty sum in the 1930s, when the average annual salary was $1,368 (KC Library). RCA offered four types of television receivers, which were sold in high-end department stores such as Macy’s and Bloomingdale’s, and received channels 1 through 5. Early receivers were a fraction of the size of modern TV sets, featuring 5-, 9-, or 12-inch screens. Television sales prior to World War II were disappointing—an uncertain economic climate, the threat of war, the high cost of a television receiver, and the limited number of programs on offer deterred numerous prospective buyers. Many unsold television sets were put into storage and sold after the war. NBC was not the only commercial network to emerge in the 1930s. RCA radio rival CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) also began broadcasting regular programs. So that viewers would not need a separate television set for each individual network, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) outlined a single technical standard. In 1941, the panel recommended a 525-line system and an image rate of 30 frames per

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second. It also recommended that all U.S. television sets operate using analog signals (broadcast signals made of varying radio waves). Analog signals were replaced by digital signals (signals transmitted as binary code) in 2009. With the outbreak of World War II, many companies, including RCA and General Electric, turned their attention to military production. Instead of commercial television sets, they began to churn out military electronic equipment. In addition, the war halted nearly all television broadcasting; many TV stations reduced their schedules to around 4 hours per week or went off the air altogether. 3.5 Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text. 1. Throughout the early 1930s, broadcasts were run by different experimental stations. 2. Four types of television receivers were offered by RCA, which department stores sold in high-end. 3. Modern receivers were a fraction of the size of early TV sets, featuring 5-, 9-, or 12-inch screens. 4. Due to the War, many television sets were sold. 5. The only commercial network emerged in the 1930s was NBC. 6. Digital signals displaced analogue signals in 2009. 7. During World War II RCA and NBC’s attention was paid to military production. 3.6 Find the synonyms of the following words among underlined words in the text above and write them. 1. branch 8. suggest 2. present 9. spectator 3. introductory 10. apparatus 4. primarily 11. stop 5. to appear 12. decrease

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3.7 Listen to some facts concerning TV and fill in the blank with the appropriate words. 1) In 1927, Baird transmitted a _____ over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow. In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television) _____ the first transatlantic television signal, between London and New York, and the first shore-to-ship ______. 2) On December 25, 1925, Kenjiro Takayanagi ______a television system with a 40-line ______that employed a Nipkow disk scanner and CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. 3) From 1967 to 1998, the BBC showed a static_____ of eight-year-old Carole Hersee with a blackboard and toy clown known as F whenever a ______was not on-air. The image briefly returned in 2009 for the BBC HD channel. 4) In January 1926 a blurry, ______image of a ventriloquist dummy’s face flickered on a screen at inventor John Logie Baird’s workshop in London. It is considered to be the first ______of . 5) With his new ______TV system, Baird broadcast a _____ image of the dummy for members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 6) More recently, there has been a change from analog ______to digital. The 0’s and 1’s of a digital transmission are as the information stored in a computer, making them more reliable than traditional _____ broadcasts. 3.8 Do some tests according to the text. 1. When did television broadcasting begin? a. In 1927 c. In 1925 b. In 1928 d. In 1923 2. What were broadcast to the public on a regular basis? a. Silhouette images c. Images b. Shadow d. A film 3. How many types of television receivers did RCA offer? a. 8 c. 3 b. 7 d. 4 23

4. Which RCA subsidiary became the first network to introduce regular television broadcasts transmitting its inaugural telecast of the opening ceremonies at the New York World’s Fair? a. BBC c. NBC b. CNN d. CBS 5. What kind of network was NBC? a. commercial c. public b. non profit d. royal 6. The panel recommended a …. -line system and an image rate of … frames per second. a. 526/ 20 c. 550/60 b. 525/30 d. 525/40 7. What was the cause of stopping nearly all television broadcasting? a. World war II d. Unlimited number of b. High cost of TV sets programs c. World war I 8. What did they begin to churn out instead of commercial television sets? a. a radio receiver c. a TV set b. a military electronic d. a transmitter equipment TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

Type Example Used verb form Usage

“0” If you do not brush your teeth, Present +present Present conditional you get cavities. real “1st” If you set a goal, you will Present +future Future real conditional ultimately achieve it. “2nd”conditi If I were you, I would help Past +future past Future onal Madina as she is in trouble. unreal “3rd” If you had worked hard you Past Past unreal conditional would have entered the perfect+past University future perfect

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3.9 Answer the questions using the third conditional. Why didn’t you do your home task? I would do my home task if I ______. Why did you have to go bed so early? I would not have gone to bed so early if I ______. What did you do that you were so tired? I would not have been tired if I ______. And why did you study a lot? I would not have studied a lot if I ______. 3.10 Divide into two groups, write a chain story using conditionals, and compare them. If I do not get up early, I will be late for the exam at the University If I am late for the exam I … ______3.11 Work in small groups. Complete the chart by asking your groupmates the following questions using the 2nd conditionals. IMAGINE

If I won a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

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1) What would you do if there were no television anymore? 2) What would you do if you met your favourite actress/actress? 3) What three wishes would you ask if you caught a golden fish? 4) If you could travel any place in the world where would you go first? 5) If you were a president, what would you try to do the first? 6) If you were given a chance to open your own TV channel what kind of channel it would be? 7) If you could change your profession what profession would you choose? 8) If you won one million dollars, what would you do with it? 9) If you could return to the past what would you change in your life? 10) If you could spend a day with any celebrity in the world who would you choose? Questions Groupmate # 1 Groupmate # 2 Groupmate # 3

1. no television

2. favourite actress/actress

3. three wishes

4. place

5. president

6. TV channel

7. profession

8. million dollars

9. past

10. celebrity

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LESSON 4 MECHANICAL OR ANALOGUE

➢ What types of television do you know? ➢ Do you remember your first TV set? Describe it. ➢ What do you know about inventors of TV? ➢ Do you know what was broadcast for the first time? 4.1 Tell to the class what devices these are and match mechanical ones with their electronic generation.

1. a)

2. b)

3. c)

4. d) 27

4.2 Match the words (1 -10) with their definition (a- j). 1. demonstration a. unclear and hard to see or hear 2. resolution b. more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate 3. dummy c. an act of showing that something exists or is true by giving proof or evidence 4. spinning d. (of light or a source of light) shining unsteadily; vary rapidly in brightness 5. Fuzzy e. the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image 6. flickering f. an object designed to resemble and serve as a substitute for the real or usual one 7. excessive g. turning or whirling round quickly 8. instantaneously h. exist at the same time or in the same place 9. coexist i. score or mark the surface of (something) with a sharp or pointed object 10. scratch j. something that happens immediately and very quickly. 4.3 Skim the text and choose the best title for it. I. Types of television II. Inventors of early television III. Mechanical television versus electronic television IV. History of Television From the early experiments with visual transmissions, two types of television systems came into existence: mechanical television and electronic television. Mechanical television developed out of Nipkow’s disk system and was pioneered by British inventor John Logie Baird. In 1926, Baird gave the world’s first public demonstration of a television system at Selfridge’s department store in London. He used mechanical rotating disks to scan moving images into electrical impulses, which were transmitted by cable to a screen. Here they showed up as a low-resolution pattern of light and dark. Baird’s first television program showed the heads of two ventriloquist dummies, which he operated in front of the camera

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apparatus out of the audience’s sight. In 1928, Baird extended his system by transmitting a signal between London and New York. The following year, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) adopted his mechanical system, and by 1932, Baird had developed the first commercially viable television system and sold 10,000 sets. Despite its initial success, mechanical television had several technical limitations. Engineers could get no more than about 240 lines of resolution, meaning images would always be slightly fuzzy (most modern produce images of more than 600 lines of resolution). The use of a spinning disk also limited the number of new pictures that could be seen per second, resulting in excessive flickering. The mechanical aspect of television proved to be a disadvantage that required fixing in order for the technology to move forward. At the same time Baird (and, separately, American inventor Charles Jenkins) was developing the mechanical model, other inventors were working on an electronic television system based on the CRT. While working on his father’s farm, Idaho teenager Philo Farnsworth realized that, an electronic beam could scan a picture in horizontal lines, reproducing the image almost instantaneously. In 1927, Farnsworth transmitted the first all-electronic TV picture by rotating a single straight line scratched onto a square piece of painted glass by 90 degrees. Farnsworth barely profited from his invention; during World War II, the government suspended sales of TV sets, and by the time the war ended, Farnsworth’s original patents were close to expiring. However, following the war, many of his key patents were modified by RCA and were widely applied in broadcasting to improve television picture quality. Having coexisted for several years, electronic television sets eventually began to replace mechanical systems. With better picture quality, no noise, a more compact size, and fewer visual limitations, the electronic system was far superior to its predecessor and rapidly improving. By 1939, the last mechanical television broadcasts in the United tates had been replaced with electronic broadcasts. (https://2012books.lardbucket.org)

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4.4 Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. What types of television came into existence from the early experiments? 2. What did John Logie Baird do in 1926? 3. What did BBC adopt in 1929? 4. What kind of traits did mechanical TV have? 5. How did Farnsworth transmit the first all-electronic TV? 6. Why did electronic television sets eventually begin to replace mechanical systems? 4.5 Make up words out of jumbled words from the text. A. inpgexir F. atlnmitoii B. nomrnaeitdost G. eacmnihalc C. tneiuroslo H. enitvieols D. ptiorf I. bacrtsoad E. iasuvl J. rtnmisat 4.6 Complete these definitions with words from the box. rotate, scan, excessive, flickering, resolution, broadcast, transmit, picture, image, electron beam.

1. ______look at all parts of (something) carefully in order to detect some feature. 2. ______(of light or a source of light) shine unsteadily; vary rapidly in brightness. 3. ______move or cause to move in a circle round an axis or centre. 4. ______a visible impression obtained by a camera, telescope, microscope, or other device, or displayed on a computer or video screen 5. ______more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate. 6. ______transmit (a program or some information) by radio or television.

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7. ______send out (an electrical signal or a radio or television programme). 8. ______an image on a television screen. 9. ______a stream of electrons in a gas or vacuum. 10. ______the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image. TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

Present Past Future Indefinite Object+am/is Object+was/were+V3 Object+shall/will are+V3 be +V3 Progressive Object + Object+ ------am/is are was/were+being+V3 +being+V3 Perfect Object+ Object+ had+ been Object+ have/has + +V3 shall/will +have been +V3 been +V3 4.7 Use Passive voice in appropriate tense. 1. Penicillin ______by Alexander Fleming in 1928. (discover) 2. Statements ______from all the witnesses at this moment. (take) 3. Whales ______by an international ban on whaling. (must protect) 4. Both weddings ______by Good Taste. (cater) 5. A Picasso ____ from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.(steal) 6. ____ this washing machine ______in Germany? (make) 7. Tea _____ in China. (grow) 8. When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights____ due to the storm. (cancel) 9. The _____ until tomorrow morning. (not send) 10. The soundtrack of a movie _____ always _____ after the filming is finished. (is/add) 31

4.8 Listen to the tape about facts in the field of TV and give answers to the questions. № What? Who? When? 1. summing machine Bleiz Pascal in 1643 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Writing is a way of talking without being interrupted.

Pierre-Jules Renard or Jules Renard (22 February 1864 – 22 May 1910) was a French author and member of the Académie Goncourt.

4.9 Write a short composition about Television according to the plan. 1. Television is one of the greatest discoveries of human kind. 2. Television is a source of entertainment and education. 3. Advantages and disadvantages of watching TV. 4. The role of TV in my life.

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4.10 Telling a story or a personal anecdote.

Tips for telling a good story or an anecdote DOES: DON’TS ✓ Before starting to talk take time and think about the ✓ Tell your question. story too long. ✓ Use narrative tenses like past simple, past ✓ Be monotone progressive and past perfect. or use flat or ✓ In order to make your story interesting try to use bored voice. adjectives and adverbs. ✓ Look down or ✓ Use sequencing words as first of all, then, after that, look around later on, finally, in the end .... the room. ✓ Say briefly what your story is about it will be your introduction. ✓ Give background to the story by answering to the questions when? where? what? ✓ Tell your story step-by-step using linking words like so, because and although in order to connect ideas. ✓ Make the action to move. ✓ At the end of your story or an anecdote, say why it is important or why you remember it. ✓ Mind eye contact with your listeners. 4.11 Work in pairs to write the phrases of the anecdote in each part of it and using these phrases tell your own story about “The happiest event in my life” to each other. This took place a few years ago. When I look back on that story now, I feel ... At that time, I was ... Later on, ... I'd like to talk about the time when I ... After all this, I learnt that … I was living in the city at that time. This is a story about ... This made me realize something important ... Suddenly, ... I'm going to tell you about something unforgettable that happened to me. What happened next was ...

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Introduction ______Background ______Action ______Wrapping up ______

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LESSON 5 COLOUR TELEVISION

➢ Have you ever seen a movie on the black and white TV set? ➢ If yes, how do you like it? ➢ What do you think in what century Colour TV invented? ➢ Could ordinary people afford buying the first Colour TV, what do you think? 5.1Can you tell exact years when people watched and are watching these TV sets? a) b) c) d)

e) f) g) h) i)

5.2Match the words (1-8) with their definitions (a-h). 1. camera a. taking up much space; large and unwieldy 2. lens b. bring or come to an abrupt stop 3. monochrome c. slow-moving or inactive 4. bulky d. a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, movie film, or video signals 5. to flicker e. a perforated metal screen situated directly behind the phosphor screen in certain types of colour television tube. 6. to halt f. the light-gathering device of a camera, typically containing a group of compound lenses 7. sluggish g. a photograph or picture developed or executed in black and white or in varying tones of only one colour 8. shadow mask h. shine unsteadily; vary rapidly in brightness

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5.3 Listen about the HISTORY OF COLOUR TELEVISION and answer the questions.

The first RCA colour sets cost $ 995 that would be the equivalent of $ 6.186 today. Therefore, Colour television was not very affordable when it was first came out. Colour TV started to become popular around 1965. However, most people had Colour TV by the mid-1970s

1. Who filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic colour television system? 2. What did the research staff of RCA Laboratories invent between 1946 and 1950? 3. When did a successful colour television system begin commercial broadcasting? 4. What did CBS begin on five east coast stations? 5. How many million black-and-white televisions had been sold? 6. Why was colour television production halted? 5.4 Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box in appropriate tense. create, begin, upgrade, convert, make, visit, to be, give, record, broadcast, preserve A BRIEF TIMELINE OF COLOUR TELEVISION • Early colour telecasts could be 1) ……… only on the black-and- white kinescope process introduced in 1947. • But in September 1956, NBC 2) …… using colour film to time-delay and preserve some of its live colour telecasts. A company called Ampex 3) ……… a colour videotape recorder in 1958, which NBC used to tape An Evening With Fred Astaire, the oldest surviving network colour videotape. • Moreover, in 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower 4)…….the NBC station in Washington, D.C. and 5) …..a speech discussing the new technology's 36

merits. His speech was 6) ……in colour, and a copy of this videotape was given to the Library of Congress. • NBC made the first coast-to-coast colour 7)….. when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade on January 1, 1954. • Nevertheless, it was the premier of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Colour in September 1961 that 8) ……. a turning point, persuading consumers to go out and purchase colour televisions. • Television broadcasting stations and networks in most parts of the world 9)……from black-and-white TVs to colour transmission in the 1960s and 1970s. • By 1979, even the last of these had 10) …….. to colour and by the early 1980s, black-and-white sets 11) …….. mostly small portable sets or those used as video monitor screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s, even these areas switched to colour sets. (www.thoughtco.com) TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Pronouns are words that replace nouns.

Subjective Objective Possessive Absolute Intensive (personal) possessive pronouns I Me My Mine Myself You You Your Yours Yourself/ S/he, Her/him Her/his Hers/his yourselves It It Its Its Herself /himself We Us Our Ours Itself They Them Their Theirs Ourselves Themselves

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Relative Demons - Interrogat Indefinite trative ive

Who, This- these Who? whose, That - those Whose? Some whom,whic Whom? Any body/one, thing,where h, that. Which? No What?

5.5 Choose the correct form of the pronouns. 1. Komila speaks so fast that we could not follow… (her, hers, herself). 2. For want of money (I, me, my) could not go abroad. 3. Newton published (his, him, himself) famous book “Principia” at the age of 42. 4. The Sun gives (we, us, ours) light during the day. 5. Halley, a famous astronomer, wrote Newton many letters asking (him, his, he) to publish (him, his, he) scientific ideas. 6. Students of our university write (their, they, them) term papers twice a year. 7. Farhod works at (his, him, himself) graduation paper every day. 8. A friend of (my, mine, me) is preparing for (him, his, himself) exam. 9. (We, ours, our) have passed (our, us, ours) exams. Let (we, ourselves, us) go to the cinema. 10. (Your, you, yours) faculty is more difficult than (our, we, ours). 5.6 Fill in with the appropriate pronouns in the box.

that, his, that, nothing, which, their, who

1. One of the first original television programs in America was “The Television Ghost,” (1931) … featured an actress dressed as dead people telling the stories of … murders. 38

2. Most people dream in color, but those … grew up watching black and white television often dream in black and white 3. Philo Farnsworth, … invented the first fully functional and complete all- electronic television system, didn’t actually like TV all that much. So, the inventor of the television would not let … own children watch TV. He once said to his son “There’s … on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household, and I don’t want it in your intellectual diet.” 4. Sony began selling VCRs in 1970 … were capable of recording television shows. However, Sony was sued by the film studios for copyright piracy. Cinquain graphic organizer

A cinquain is a five - line poem that

describes a person, thing or place.

5.7 Write your own cinquain to the word TELEVISION according to the organizer. Topic one word

Adjective to One more describe the noun adjective

Verb + ing to Another one more verb verb+ing +ing describe the noun

A phrase or a that tells more about what writing about sentence you're

a synonym for the topic39

For example: Your poem Radio , musical, Broadcasting, educating, entertaining, Makes us aware of news, Media. MAKING A DIALOGUE 5.8 Using cues make a dialogue with a famous actress or actor, be attentive to the tenses. Interviewer: Thank you / interview. Know / busy ______Actress: Welcome / Pleasure ______Interviewer: work new film? ______Actress: Yes / act in "Elparvar" this month ______Interviewer: congratulations. Ask questions about life? ______Actress: Yes / any question ______Interviewer: what do after work? ______Actress: usually relax pool ______Interviewer: what do today? ______Actress: have interview today! ______Interviewer: where go evening?

______Actress: usually stay home

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LESSON 6 ANALOGUE VS DIGITAL ______

➢ Do you have analogue or digital TV in your home? ➢ If you have digital one how long have you had it? ➢ What differences are there between analogue and digital devices? ➢ Which of them is more superior? 6.1 Divide into two groups and compare the features of these devices.

6.2 Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a- g) 1. vinyl a. the action of interfering or the process of being interfered 2. record b. a faint secondary image produced by a fault in an optical system or on a cathode ray screen

3. frequency c. the process of something becoming worse or weaker, or being made worse or weaker

4. interference d. synthetic resin or plastic consisting of polyvinyl

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chloride or a related polymer, used for wallpapers and other covering materials and for gramophone records 5. ghost image e. convert (sound or a performance) into a permanent form for subsequent reproduction or broadcast 6. static f. make or become weaker in power, resolve, or physical strength 7. degradation g. the rate per second of a vibration constituting a wave 8. weaken h. crackling or hissing noises on a telephone, radio, or other telecommunication system 9. fuzz i. sending (data) across a to several users at the same time 10. multicasting j. blurred image; A fuzzy picture, image, or sound is unclear and hard to see or hear 6.3Read the text and do tasks given below. ANALOG VERSUS DIGITAL TV 1. is an imperfect system—albeit one that is worked well enough for close to half a century. It transmits programming in a continuous signal. This signal varies in amplitude, depending on the information contained in the picture. It is somewhat how music was transcribed onto vinyl records; the television signal goes up and down depending on what is being broadcast.

Figure 1. Analog television transmits in a continuous signal that varies in amplitude. 2. This is transmitted on a particular radio frequency, from the television station’s transmitting antenna over the air to the receiving antenna connected to your TV set. Each television station is assigned a particular frequency that corresponds to its channel number. When you tune your TV to a

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given channel, you are actually choosing to receive transmissions on that particular frequency. Unfortunately, this analog signal is far from perfect. It might not always exactly reproduce the original programming. It can easily deteriorate over long distances. Moreover, it can suffer interference from other sources, producing ghost images, static, and “snow.”

Figure 2. Analog transmissions are subject to ghosts and other interference 3. The result is that analog transmissions typically produce a lower-quality picture than the original. The picture is not quite as sharp, the background is sometimes grainy, and the sound suffers from noise and a reduced frequency response. Then you know all this—especially if you have ever tried to pull in a distant station from a TV attached to an antenna. The farther you are from the station, the worse the picture. In addition, the results are equally poor if you live in a big city with lots of buildings that bounce the signal around. Ghosts and snow are commonplace. In addition, analog television is inefficient. Each VHF or UHF channel takes up a lot of valuable . The more efficient digital technology can fit four or more channels into a single analog channel. Moreover, that has many potential benefits. In addition, the cathode ray tubes required a bulky structure for support and were limited to 480 vertical lines to create the image. 4. (DTV) is the transmission of television signals, including the sound channel, using digital encoding. It is an innovative advance, that represents the first significant evolution in television technology since colour television in the 1950s. Digital TV makes more economical use of scarce radio spectrum space. Therefore, it can transmit multiple channels in the

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same bandwidth occupied by a single channel of analog television, and provides many new features that analog television cannot. A switchover from analog to digital broadcasting began around 2006 in some countries, and many industrial countries have now completed the changeover, while other countries are in various stages of adaptation. 5. DTV is more advanced than the older analog technology. Unlike analog television, which uses a continuously variable signal, a digital broadcast converts the programming into a stream of binary on/off bits—sequences of 0s and 1s. This is the same way that store information in data files; each bit represents a small part of the picture, and all the bits combine to reproduce the original picture.

Figure 3.Digital television converts the picture into a stream of 0s and 1s. 6. The primary advantage of digital broadcasting is that these binary bits recombine to reproduce an exact copy of the material. The picture and sound received from a digital transmission are always identical to the original source. In addition, digital is a more efficient technology. A digital transmission requires less bandwidth than does a similar analog broadcast; this lets local television stations broadcast two, three, or even four digital channels in the space of a single analog channel. This “multicasting” technology means you will more variety in programming from your local stations—all delivered with superior digital quality. By Michael Miller.

NOTE It is important to note that DTV is not the same as high-definition television. Whereas all HDTV is digital, not all digital broadcasts are high definition. (http://www.informit.com/)

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6.4 Decide if the sentences are True, False or Not given. 1. Analogue TV is considered perfect. ______2. Analog television transmits signal varied in amplitude. ______3. The analog transmissions typically produce a lower-quality picture and are subject to ghosts and other interference. ______4. Analog television is efficient as each VHF or UHF channel takes up a little of valuable bandwidth. ______5. All broadcast TV systems used analogue signals before the arrival of digital television. ______6.5 Find the synonyms of the following words in the text. 1. faulty (passage 1) 6. binary (passage 4) 2. magnitude (passage 1) 7. frequency range (passage 4) 3. convey (passage 2) 8. change (passage 5) 4. aerial (passage 2) 9. large and heavy (passage 3) 5. useful (passage 3) 10. broadcast (passage 6) 6.6 Listen to the interview with expert Davron Hakimov about properties of analogue TV and fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box. frequency, airwaves, snow, , fluctuations, height, invented, transmitted, air, signals. ⎯ … Analog TVs transmit audio and video signals over the 1. … in a manner similar to a radio signal. Each station has a single 2. ... over which to broadcast its analog television signal. ⎯ …Like radio 3. …, an analog TV signal can experience interference with their frequencies. This can cause static, 4. …, or ghosting on a channel. It can also cause 5. … in colour, brightness, and sound quality. Analog signals on the other hand are transmitted in 4:3 6. … . Meaning the picture is 4 units wide for every 3 units of 7…. .

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⎯ … television shows were 8… using an analog signal. However, in 1996, a new technology was 9…. that would change the way TV signals were transmitted through the10. … , with a digital signal. 6.7 Do a puzzle below find the hidden words used in the text. Words are given horizontally and in order. 1. becoming worse or weaker 2. advanced and original 3. a period in a process 4. the system that expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1 5. a band of colours 6. a continuous flow of liquid, air, or gas 7. a set of data sent across a computer network to many users at the same time

6.8 Read the text about features of digital television and fill in the gaps with the words in the box. programs, noise, resolution, plugging, ghosting, surf, services, analogue, remote, bandwidth, transmit, advantage, definition, tuner. Why Digital? Digital Television will overcome the limitations of Analogue television. The main features are: • 1. ______free pictures (snow free) • Higher 2. ______images (Wide-screen / HDTV / 16:9) • No 3. ______(double imaging) • Multi-Channel, Enhanced Sound Services (Mpeg1, Mpeg2 video, AC-3 5.1 ) • Other Data 4. ______(, Test, Interactive TV) 46

• Better coverage and lower transmission levels • To enable full Fee for Service DTV In addition, more channels will be available within the same 5.______that a single analogue channel requires. This is known as Multi-Channeling. This means that that you will have a greater selection of TV programs to watch. For example, ABC and SBS 6. ______five different channels over the same bandwidth. Digital TV Modes There are four modes of transmitting digital television programs. These are: • High 7.______TV • Standard Definition TV • Combination of High & Standard Definition TV • 3D Broadcasts Digital television sets will include the digital TV 8.______, which will be either a High Definition, or a Standard Definition tuner. (However most TV's and set top boxes sold in the last two years do have High Definition decoders built in.) Some older Plasma or LCD television sets are fitted with an 9.______tuner, so these will require the use of a Digital Set Top box in order to receive the Digital Television 10.______. Access By 11. ______a keypad to your Set Top Box, you will be able to 12.______the internet that will enable you to choose your favorite web sites. The Set Top Box will require a connection to your Internet Service provider. Interactive TV Interactive TV will give you a choice of selecting camera angles for favorite event e.g. Sport event. In addition, you can select via the 13. ____control a library of programs that you can view. Another 14.______is that if you missed the local news for the night, you may be able to view it later, at a time that suits

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WRITING THE SUMMARY To write a good summary it is important to understand thoroughly the material you are working with. Here are some preliminary steps in writing a summary. ❖ Skim the text, noting in your mind the subheadings. If there are no subheadings, try to divide the text into sections. Consider why you have been assigned the text. Try to determine what type of text you are dealing with. This can help you identify important information. ❖ Read the text, highlighting important information and taking notes. ❖ In your own words, write down the main points of each section. ❖ Write down the key support points for the main topic, but do not include minor detail. ❖ Go through the process again, making changes as appropriate. When writing the summary there are three main requirements: ✓ The summary should cover the original as a whole. ✓ The material should be presented in a neutral fashion. ✓ The summary should be a condensed version of the material, presented in your own words. Also, do not include anything that does not appear in the original. (Do not include your own comments or evaluation.) 6.9 Write a summary for the text given in 6.3

THINKING HATS BY EDWARD DE BONO

6.10 Using six thinking hats discuss the following topic: The influence of TV on children.

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LESSON SEVEN WHAT IS ON TODAY?

➢ How many hours do you usually watch TV? ➢ What kind of programs do you like watching? Why? ➢ Do you prefer national TV channels or foreign TV ones? ➢ How often do you watch programs in English? 7.1 Look at the pictures and chose appropriate names for TV programs. Life style, Sport, News, Kids/children’s, Makeover, Game show

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

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7.2 Match TV programs’ names with their meanings. 1. breakfast a. a film or television programme that deals with real television people and events 2. bulletin b. a long advertisement on television that is made in the style of an ordinary programme 3. chat show c. a film made to be shown on television in several parts on different days 4. docu- d. British a short broadcast of an important piece of news drama in the middle of a television or radio programme 5. docu- e. television programmes that are broadcast early in the mentary morning 6. free-to-air f. a short article or programme about someone 7. info g. a short news broadcast mercial 8. miniseries h. a television or radio programme in which famous people talk about themselves and their work 9. newsflash i. a television programme or film based on events that really happened 10. procedural j. a television or radio series about the imaginary lives of a group of people 11. profile k. television programmes can be watched without having to pay anything extra 12. reality TV l. a television or radio series about a particular group of characters who deal with situations in a humorous way 13. sitcom m. television programmes that do not use professional actresss but show real events and situations involving ordinary people 14. soap n. a film, TV show, book etc that focuses on the ways in opera which a process happens, in particular how police investigate and solve a crime https://www.macmillandictionary.com/

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7.3 Listen to the tape and answer the questions. 1. When is the reality showing on TV? What channel is showing the program? 2. Why does the man not want to watch the reality show? 3. What program did his wife suggest to watch? 4. What did couple decide to watch? When and what channel is showing movie? TV Shows - Word Search 7.4 This challenging word search puzzle will help you learn English words for different types of television shows. Words in this puzzle can either go across, down, diagonal or backwards.

Q I Y I D R I T A L K S H O W N J Q F C SOAP S G G T Q F F R J B G O A S O P S G H W SPORTS H J W B F E O E O D L H L F N P N A O A SITCOMS NEWS J C R I M E Z K K I J D A K O Q R T F H TALK SHOW N E W S O C T G D I R F O R G I N G G S SHOPPING P O J Z I E A A M A R D T H T J A A H M COOKERY X Q X T O M Y I M M A S B Y D U R J P O HOLIDAY Q R K E E C C Y M W Z I T D D D B C S C MAKEOVER F H E B Z M A K E O V E R H E W M S F T REALITY P S H A J P X B Q O L I V N D B Y V U I GAME S S J O L C S R O C A W I L D L I F E S DIY H Q T Q T I N D V O H N I T D M U S I C DRAMA L E I Q L C T Q W O G O L Y W L I W B N CRIME G Y S S E P B Y O K W I O A Y S D I K N WILDLIFE N X B S W D R O F E T Y Z C L N X H U I KIDS DOCUMENTA I G B G X O M P Y R A T N E M U C O D W RY P D W Z Y I I L S Y R N O Y D U W O P J MUSIC P E K O T Z Q L O C B A F N C D W M T N GARDENING O W Z E S C K X A U C E P C L C H Z C D CARTOONS H T S B V Y A J P R Q E S N O O T R A C LIFESTYLE S L J W E S A J D U E E L Y T S E F I L CHARITY Z I S F V Q T L C Q U F B N P W Q T Q Q

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7.5 Finish the cluster.

7.6 Read the text and complete the table using INSERT technique CABLE TELEVISION Cable television is a way of letting people watch television without having to get signals from an antenna. The television signals are brought to the television through a . People usually have to pay to subscribe to cable television. With cable television, people can watch hundreds of television channels carrying many television shows. Usually some of these are television stations and others are made for the cable companies. When television broadcasting got its start in the United States in the 1940s, the broadcast networks sent the electromagnetic signals that carried TV programs exclusively over the airwaves. They built tall towers that broadcast audio (sound) and video (picture) signals through the air to surrounding areas.

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Viewers used antennas on rooftops or attached to television sets to receive the signals. The main problem with this system of television transmission was that the signals grew weaker as they traveled farther from the towers. In addition, TV networks tended to concentrate their operations in heavily populated urban areas, where their signals would reach the largest number of viewers. As a result, millions of Americans living in rural areas found themselves with either poor TV reception or no access to broadcast television signals at all. One of the people credited with inventing cable TV is Robert J. Tarlton who opened a radio sales and service shop after graduating from high school. He served overseas as a radio communications expert during World War II, then returned to his hometown and added the new technology of television to his business offerings. However, Tarlton soon found that no one in Lansford was willing to invest in a TV set because the town had terrible reception. The closest TV stations were located 65 miles away in Philadelphia, and a mountain at the edge of town blocked the already weak signals before they reached residents' homes. Hoping to sell more TV sets, Tarlton convinced some investors to help him build a large antenna on top of the mountain in 1949. This antenna picked up signals from the Philadelphia TV stations, fed them into an amplifier to return them to full strength, and carried them down into Lansford through coaxial cables. Other independent businessmen developed similar CATV (Community Antenna Television) systems around the same time, including John Walson, a power-company lineman and appliance store owner who built an antenna in the Poconos to serve the residents of Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania; and L. E. (called Ed) Parsons, who erected an antenna on the roof of his apartment building in Astoria, Oregon, so that his wife could watch TV. Cable TV systems spread gradually across the rural United States during the 1950s and 1960s.

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V + - ? Confirms what Something new Contradicts what Confuses you you already knew “I didn’t know you thought “I don’t “I knew that!” that!” “I thought understand this.” differently.”

7.7 Match the words with their definitions. 1. amplifier a. a signal that is broadcast or sent out 2. subscriber b. an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth 3. cable c. an electronic device for increasing the amplitude of electrical signals, used chiefly in sound reproduction 4. transmission d. an insulated wire or wires having a protective casing 5. aerial e. a person who pays to receive or access a service 6. satellite f. a device that sends and receives television or radio signals 7.8 Complete these definitions with words from the box. bulky, patent, television, flicker, record, broadcast 1. ______- convert (sound or a performance) into a permanent form for subsequent reproduction or broadcast 2. ______- a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to make, use, or sell an invention 3. ______- taking up much space; large and unwieldy 4. ______- fluctuations in the brightness of a film or television image such as occur when the number of frames per second is too small for persistence of vision 5. ______- transmit (a program or some information) by radio or television 6. ______- a system for converting visual images (with sound) into electrical signals.

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TENSE REVISION 7.9 Choose the correct form of the verbs. 1. Cable television, formerly 1. knew / known as Community Antenna Television or CATV, was born in the mountains of Pennsylvania in the late 1940's. 2. The first successful colour television system 2. begun/began commercial broadcasting on December 17, 1953 and was based on a system designed by RCA. 3. It was in June of 1956 that the TV remote controller first 3. had entered/entered the American home. The first TV , called "Lazy Bones," 4.had been developed / was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). 4. While children's programming was first 5. aired / to air during the early days of television, Saturday morning TV shows for children started around the 50's. The American Broadcasting Company first aired Saturday morning TV shows for children on August 19, 1950. 5. panels 6. are using / use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases to generate high-quality imagery. The very first prototype for a plasma display monitor 7. invented / was invented in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. 6. Television content for the World Wide Web was rolled out in 1995. The first TV series 8. make / made available on the internet was the public access program Rox. 7. Louis Parker 9. invented / had invented the modern changeable television receiver. The patent was issued to Louis Parker in 1948. Parker's "intercarrier sound system" is now used in all television receivers in the world. 8. Marvin Middlemark invented "rabbit ears," the "V" 10. shape / shaped TV antennae in 1953. Among Middlemark's other inventions were a water- powered potato peeler and rejuvenating tennis ball machine.

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WRITING AN OPINION (AGREE DISAGREE) ESSAY

STRUCTURE OF THIS KIND ESSAY Sentence 1 Paraphrase the statement

INRODUCTION Sentence 2 Say whether you agree or disagree with it and extend your idea. You may start with I totally agree… or disagree. or on my opinion, I believe that… Sentence 3 outline the topic that will be discussed in the essay. For instance, Firstly this essay will discuss…. Secondly this essay will discuss

Sentence 3 State the first reason of your BODY PARAGRAPH 1. agreement or disagreement ADVANTAGES Sentence 4 Explain the reason Sentence 5 Give an example Sentence 6 a short summary of your idea Sentence 7 State the second reason

Sentence 8 Explain it BODY PARAGRAPH 2. DISADVANTAGES Sentence 9 Support your idea with an example Sentence 10 A short summary of the 2nd paragraph Sentence 11 Give your final opinion CONCLUSION

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Write Useful phrases in the box for writing an essay in the right columns. I strongly believe, firstly, secondly, what is more, it is argued that, furthermore, moreover, besides, there people who oppose, in the first place, in my opinion, in addition to, besides, to start with, I think. Introducing conflicting ideas

For expressing opinion

For adding more points

For listing points

7.10 Write an essay on the topic below according to the structure and use phrases. Some people say that television is useful in education, while others claim it is useful for entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Answer the following questions about TV. 1. What are the positive and negative sides of TV? 2. What channel do you usually watch? Why? 3. Do you watch TV talent shows? What do you think about them? 4. Do you watch one channel or turn between various programs? 5. Who controls the remote control in your house? 6. Should we limit hours of watching TV for children? If yes, why? If no, why? 7.11 Describe a TV show that you enjoy watching according to the plan. ➢ What kind of show it is. ➢ What usually happens in this show? ➢ The reason of your enjoying.

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LESSON 8 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN TELEVISION

Think about the relationship between Television and Computer Technology. Brainstorm your ideas and discuss it with your partner. 8.1 Can you tell what computer technologies are used in these TV?

1. 2.

3.

8.2 Match the words (1-10) and their definitions (a-j). 1. audience a) an ability to understand or know something immediately without needing to think about it 2. civilization b) strange and very modern

3. intuition c) important or noticeable

4. futuristic d) an office at a television, radio station or a newspaper where news is collected and reports are prepared for broadcasting or publishing

5. redaction e) the group of people together in one place to watch or listen to a play, film, speech..

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6. significant f) the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems and learn

7. newsroom g) human society with its well-developed social organization

8. artificial h) editing or rearrangement intelligence

9. converge i) combine (one thing) with another to form a whole

10. integrate j) gradually change so as to become similar or develop something in common

8.3 Read the text. TELEVISION AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY Television technology has created a magnificent electronic media, unmatched in modern history. Thanks to the technology of mass communications, the collection and distribution of news are simplified, and the number of audience increased significantly. This is a natural result of the possibilities of television to cover the widest of all the inhabitants of the area, all age groups and social classes. The convergence between television technology, communications and computer technology, creates a completely new environment in which it must inevitably re-create the basis on which all-electronic media. Reproduction of distribution channels, the use of new transmission routes and new sources of information, opens opportunities two-way communication in the domain that has traditionally been unilateral, creating new lines of development of television technology. Television images hires most of our senses, encourages reflection and leaves no one indifferent. From the very beginning of its existence, television was our prolonged (extended) sense, lead us to places which we alone cannot reach. Television allowed us to “attend” to significant events. Digital television and

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computer technologies provide unlimited creative possibilities in television production. Many futuristic predictions have become reality – part of everyday life. During the last two decades, computer technology has evolved with astonishing speed. From year to year, PC computers are becoming faster, smaller and cheaper. Searching for computer systems, which are endowed with the ability to think, discover meaning, learning on the basis of experience and perform other tasks, are already brought significant results in the field of artificial intelligence. Today computers can respond to spoken commands in the languages that are not a language of computers, to recognize shapes and schemes and even to serve as medical devices. However, among scientists and philosophers, the question remains whether the computers ever be able to think like humans and possess intuition, feelings, and consciousness. The development of was contributed to the improvement of television equipment. Mid-eighties, computer becomes an integral part of television equipment, which gradually developed into a new audiovisual system that connects modern information technology and traditional television systems. On the other hand, with the advent of PC technology in the eighties, computers get their place in the journalism newsrooms, where they are mainly used for word processing. By connecting computers of redaction to the network, enabled the exchange of text within one or more media outlets. By integrating these networks with computers in TV production and studio technique, in the nineties, and the emergence of multimedia network services, to journalists allowed access to video and audio materials, as well as sharing them with other newsroom. Therefore, computers have become an integral part of the entire system with a television center. Television as an independent and “imaginative” means of mass communication, no doubt played a significant role in the political, economic, and overall life of the Planet. Extremely high quality television programming

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nowadays achieved thanks to digital television technology. This television program can be seen as a work of art that to the viewer creates a certain feeling and affect the state of the spirit. Television and the Internet are now the dominant empire that stretches to far greater territory of any country that has ever existed in history. Television and the Internet are a magnificent auditorium many, unsurpassed in the development of modern civilization. By Demir Hodzic http://iletisim.ieu.edu.tr/flows/ 8.4 Decide if the statements are true, false or not given according to the text. 1. Development of Television technologies has revolutionized our ordinary life. 2. Watching television is the way of creating new environment. 3. In the future computer will be able to think as humans. 4. In the last 2 decades of 20th century, computers were not essential part of Television technologies. 5. Without digital television technology, it is not possible to create high quality programs on TV. 8.5 Fill in the gaps with appropriate words in the box and listen to check your answers. HAND GESTURE TECHNOLOGY technology, interact, press, remote, gesture, channel, devices, machines, touching, screen Users can use simple gestures to control or 1…… with devices without physically 2. …. them. ArcSoft gesture technology supports single lens devices including HD cameras, as well as multiple lens devices and depth cameras. Using depth cameras or multiple lens devices, depth can be analyzed in order to more accurately detect and support an even broader range of hand gestures. Hand gesture 3. ….. makes users’ lives simpler, achieving “hands free” interaction through eliminating the need to hold or 4. ….. the device. Applications

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for hand gesture technology include scrolling or shifting between screens on a tablet device with simple hand gestures, and changing the 5. ….. or adjusting the volume on a TV without the use of a 6. ….. Users can even use hand gestures to browse through content while viewing images or on their computers or large- 7. ….. devices. Using depth cameras, ArcSoft 3D hand 8. ….. recognition technology can not only achieve 3D imaging of the human hand, but also recognize and track hand gestures. With accurate depth information provided by this technology, users are able to interact with 9. ….. in a more natural manner. Our 3D technology is used to naturally control TV and other smart home 10. ….., while also providing natural interaction to VR and AR devices.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative clauses are a way of giving more information about a person, thing, place, event, etc. We often use them to avoid repeating information. They connect by relative pronouns. For instance, which is used for things (never for people), who (for people), that (for a thing or a person), where (for a place), whose (for possession) and when (for a time). Ex: They are the people who want to buy your house.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

DEFINING RC- used to NONDEFINING RC- give essential information is used to give extra about someone or something information about the person & it usually comes or thing. It is not necessary immediately after the noun it information. Ex: Ali, who describes. Ex: I am going to scored three goals in the wear the skirt that my mother first game, was the only bought. player to perform well.

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8.6 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, whose, where or when. 1. Anvar is very good-looking. (He’s Nigora’s brother.) 2. The book is about a murder on the Nile. (It was written by Agatha Christie.) 3. The diamond necklace has been found by the police. (It was stolen last week.) 4. Steven Spielberg lives in Hollywood. (He is a famous film director.) 5. My friend Laziza wants to do media studies. (Her father is a TV presenter.) 6. The new club plays great music. (Jamie works there.) 7. My holiday in Charvak was wonderful. (I first met Jamila then.) 8. The new band is very good. (It was formed last year.) 8.7 Join these sentences using a relative clause. If it is possible to omit the relative pronoun, write it in brackets. 1. The man told me you were out. He answered the phone. The man …………………………………………………………………… 2. The boys have now been released. They were arrested. The boys …………………………………………………………………… 3. The police are still trying to identify the body. It was found last week. The police ………………………………………………………………… 4. It seems that Earth is the only planet. It can support life. It seems that ………………………………………………………………… 8.8 Write a paragraph about “The role of Television and Computer Technologies in our life”. Prove or support your ideas with additional information from your own experience.

8.9 Answer the following questions.

1.What are the pros and cons of the computer and television technologies? 2.What kind of technological developments have made the biggest impact on our lives? 63

LESSON3.Has 9 technologySMART cau TELEVISIONsed more harm than good for us? 9.

Work in small groups. What is the difference between Smart TV and ordinary TV? Name as many of each as you can. Brainstorm your ideas what it is special for.

9.1 Do a knowledge quiz about Smart TV features.

1. What is Smart TV? a) internet-connected television that offers a range of online features b) A TV whose surface is slightly concave on the horizontal plane to create a sense of immersion c) A TV that is capable of reproducing three-dimensional content. 2. How do smart TVs connect to the internet? a) via a wired connection or built-in Wi-Fi b) via wireless Internet connection c) only built in Wi-Fi 3. Can a smart TV crash or hang like a PC? a) Never b) Definitely, and they do. c) It depends on the company 4. Can smart TV be hacked or contract a virus? a) In theory, the answer is clearly yes. b) No, it can’t c) it can be only hacked

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5. Will smart TV maker regularly update the software with new features? a) yes b) no c) That depends. For the most part, TV manufacturers are adding and customizing apps on their own. 9.2 Match the words (1- 8) with the appropriate definitions (a-h).

1. inbuilt a. a self-contained program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose; an application, especially as downloaded by a user to a mobile device. 2. bulky b. occurring or situated nearer to the end of something than to the beginning 3. industry c. noticing or sensing something 4. peripheral d. the making of articles on a large scale using machinery 5. detection e. relating to or situated on the edge 6. manufacture f. economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories 7. latter g. taking up much space; large and unwieldy

8. app h. existing as an original or essential part of something or someone 9.3 Work with a pair. Read the text and do tasks given below. SMART TELEVISION AND ITS FEATURES A smart TV is a digital television that is, essentially, an Internet- connected, storage-aware computer specialized for entertainment. Smart TVs are available as stand-alone products but regular televisions can also be made “smart” through set-top boxes that enable advanced functions. Besides being able to receive cable and satellite or over the air (OTA) transmission passively, smart TVs are outfitted with extra hardware and connection types, as well as a TV operating system with a GUI. These adaptations allow viewers to access and control features for streaming content from services and connected devices. Typically, smart TVs support Ethernet, Wi-Fi, USB, Bluetooth and flash memory cards from digital cameras, as 65

well as coaxial cable, HDMI and other audio-video connections. Along with the OS and apps, the connectors enable on demand video services and access to pictures, music and video on connected storage devices. Smart TV apps allow connection to websites like YouTube, Netflix, Hulu and Vimeo and sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Smart TVs can connect to many potential input devices wirelessly, to enhance usability and control. Wireless keyboards and mice, cell phones and tablet PCs can all connect to facilitate text entry, navigation and Web browsing from the couch. Although smart TVs and other smart devices provide greater functionality, there is some concern that they pose a threat to personal privacy and security. At the 2013 Black Hat convention, for example, Seung Jin "Beist" Lee showed attendees how cameras and on smart TVs can be turned into state-of-the-art snooping devices by malicious hackers. 9.4 Answer the following questions 1. What is Smart TV? 2. What is the difference between Smart TV and an ordinary TV? 3. Why is Smart TV very popular? 4. What allows connection to websites like YouTube and social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter? 5. What programs can be used when you are talking with somebody through the internet? 6. How can you control Smart TV? 7. What poses a threat to personal privacy and security? 8. What features does Smart TV have? 9.5 Listen to features of smart TV and decide if the given statements are True, False, or Not Given (NG) 1. A smart TV is a digital television that specialized only for entertainment. ______2. Smart TVs can be connected to social media sites like Facebook and Twitter. ______66

3. Smart TVs can connect to other devices only wirelessly. ______4. Input devices can provide usability and control of Smart TVs. ______5. Smart TVs are insecure for all users. ______6. Smart TV is the best-selling TV in the world. _____ 7. In the near future Smart TVs will have inbuilt voice control features. ___ MODAL VERBS Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs, which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions. Here are some characteristics of modal verbs: - They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"... -They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.) -They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

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9.6 Choose the right modal verb from the box.

shouldn’t, have to, must х2, need, allowed to, may, mustn’t, might, could 1. If you want to speak English fluently, you ______to work hard. 2. People ______walk on grass. 3. Drivers ______stop when the traffic lights are red. 4. Take an umbrella. It ______rain later. 5. I ______take this book back to the library. 6. Students ______arrive in class on time. 7. Children are ______borrow up to 6 books at any time. 8. I’m so hungry I ______a horse. 9. You ______leave small objects lying around. 10. Such objects ______be swallowed by children 9.7 Think about the pros and cons of SMART TV, and fill the T-chart with your ideas.

+ -

______

______

______

______

9.8 Imagine you are PR manager of TV Company and you should make a promotion of Smart TV to subscribers and provide them with all necessary info about its features. Make a report.

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LESSON 10 TELEVISION OF NEW GENERATION

➢ In your opinion, what TV is considered to be a new generation TV? ➢ Do you have such TV technologies in your city? ➢ If yes, what are they and do you like their service? ➢ What is IPTV? 10.1 There are four types of TV displays. Are there any differences between them? What do you think what types of TV displays they are?

1. 2.

3. 4. 10.2 Match the types of TV displays with their meaning. 1. LCD TVs a) one of the newest, most high-tech types of screen (Liquid available. There aren’t many models on the market Crystal yet, but if you want the best, this is for you.It uses Display) clever that create their own light. This means that light doesn’t spread to unwanted areas on the screen. 2. LED TVs b) utilize s different technology altogether. They are (Light made of hundreds of tiny gas cells sandwiched 69

Emitting between sheets of glass. Each cell acts like a mini Diode) fluorescent tube, emitting ultraviolet light which shows as a red, blue or green subpixel on the screen. Three subpixels make up a , and these pixels combine to form the image. however these screens aren’t very energy efficient and require quite a lot of electricity to run. Production of this style is also in decline due to the popularity of LED TVs 3. OLED c) used to be the most popular type of flat screen Organic before LED models were developed. They use large Light- fluorescent lamps behind the screen that shine Emitting through a matrix of coloured cells. Diode 4. Plasma screen d) the most popular style on the market. Technically, they are a type of LCD TV, but the way they are lit means the picture quality is much higher. These screens produce a brighter image than LCD and plasma versions. They are slimmer, brighter and more efficient than older LCD models.

10.3 Work in pairs. Read the text and make up 5-8 questions to make an interview about IPTV. PROMISES OF IPTV Why should someone you have never met decide what you can watch on TV and when you can watch it? True, there's always a choice of channels, but the selection is still quite limited and unless you record programs in advance, you can only watch them when they're broadcast. Wouldn't it be better if watching TV were more like browsing the Web, so you could pick the program you wanted to watch whenever and wherever you felt like watching it? That is one of the promises of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), which uses Internet technology to deliver TV programs "on demand." IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is a state-of-the-art technology that effectively transmits a television signal over the Internet. Unlike traditional digital television such as terrestrial, cable or satellite, IPTV is a fully interactive 70

service that operates on the Internet. This technology allows you to get the perfect picture and sound quality, as well as greatly expand the capabilities of television by adding additional services such as various on-line cinemas, Time Shift, VoD (), Network Personal Video Recorder, etc. For IPTV, a minimum TAS-IX speed of 2 Mbit / s is recommended. To view channels in HD, at least 4 Mbps How does IPTV work? IPTV is much similar like browsing the internet than traditional channel surfing. It merely uses IP (Internet Protocol), a transport protocol which is a delivery mechanism to deliver the videos to the viewer. When the viewer clicks on any TV program or requests the video, video from different sources (servers) is divided into data packets and sent over the internet. Video servers transmit programs through fiber-optic cable to existing household via internet connection and requests are sent out and shows are sent back. Types of IPTV services Apart from transmitting classic TV channels, the following interactive services are also provided by IPTV: 1) Video on Demand: Individual delivery of video content to a subscriber. It allows users to watch any movie from the VoD server’s media library. 2) Near Video on Demand: It is a pay-per-view video service intended for multiple users subscribed to nVoD service. The content broadcasting schedule is compiled beforehand and subscribers can look at the schedule and watch content according to their interest. 3) Time-shifted TV: Time-shifted TV lets subscribers view live broadcasts later so they can playback and resume at their convenience. Rewind option is also provided for TV programs 4) TV on Demand (TVoD): Selected TV channels are recorded so they can be viewed whenever convenient.

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5) Live Television: with or without interactivity added to currently broadcasted TV shows. 10.4 Do a memory check test. 1. IPTV – … a) Transmits a radio signal over the Internet b) transmits a television signal over the Internet c) transmits a television signal over the protocol 2. What does this technology allow us? a) the perfect picture and sound quality b) on-line cinemas, Time Shift, VoD c) all of them 3. What is a minimum recommended TAS-IX speed? a) 2 Mbit / s b) 4 Mbit / s c) 6 Mbit / s 4. Video servers transmit programs through … a) fiber-optic cable b) internet cable c) optic cable 5. How many types of IPTV services are there? a) 7 b) 6 c) 5 6. Near Video on Demand service allows …. a) lets subscribers view live broadcasts later. b) subscribers can look at the schedule and watch content according to their interest. c) users to watch any movie from the VoD server’s media library. 7. What type of service is IPTV? a) Fully interactive service that operates on the Internet. b) Interactive service. c) Fully interactive service that operates on the Ethernet.

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COMPLEX OBJECT

subject + predicate + Complex Object (noun/ pronoun+ infinitive) Complex Object is formed by the combination of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and an infinitive used after the predicate. The infinitive may be used as a part of a complex object after the following verbs: 1. to hear, to see, to watch, to feel, to let, to make. After these verbs, the infinitive has no particle 'to'. I heard him describe his new bedroom suite. He makes his children go to bed early. I saw him whitewash the fence. 2. to want, to expect, to know, to suppose, to consider, to believe. After these verbs the particle 'to' is used before the infinitive. I consider Bill to be Jack of all trades. I expected him to paint the walls green. He wanted me to help him choose a new computer. 10.5 Paraphrase the sentences using complex object and translate them into your mother tongue. 1. They said: “He is an expert in our industry.” They consider ______. 2. The bike disappeared in the forest. The policeman noticed it. The police officer noticed ______. 3. Elvis said to his son: “Don’t watch horror films.” Elvis doesn’t let ______. 4. “Mummy, please, buy me that doll”, said the little girl. The little girl would like ______. 5. Somebody was watching me. I felt that. I felt ______.

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ROLE-PLAY – BUYING A TV SET 10.6 Work in pairs. One of you wants to buy a TV set, the other is a shop assistant. Use the prompts and product description to role-play the conversation. 75-inch: Samsung QE75Q9FN | 65- inch: Samsung QE65Q9FN ( 2018) Price: 10,000,000 uzs  Spectacular HDR picture quality  Powerful, well-rounded sound  Good smart system  Limited viewing angles

55-inch: LG OLED55C7 | 65-inch: LG OLED65C7 (2017) Price: 8.000.000 uzs  Stunning contrast-rich pictures  Gorgeous ultra-thin design  Excellent operating system  Lacks brightness vs LCD  Weaker speakers compared to higher end LG

Sony XBR-ZD9 Series (2016) Sony’s 2016 flagship TV set new standards in picture quality 65-inch: Sony XBR-65ZD9 Price: 9.0000.000 uzs  Stunning HDR picture quality  Ground-breaking backlight  Android TV feels sluggish  Pretty average audio

LESSON 11 TELEVISION 74DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

➢ Do know when TV appeared in our country? ➢ Do you remember the first program that you watched? ➢ What do you know about Tashkent TV tower? ➢ What can you say about development of television in Uzbekistan? 11.1 Look at the logos of the channels and answer the questions? ❖ What do you think which of them is governmental channel and which one is non - governmental? ❖ Which of them do you usually watch? Why? ❖ What do you like about these channels? ❖ If you had a chance, what would you change in these channels?

11.2 Do a quiz concerning TV in Uzbekistan. Choose the right options. 1) When did construction of the second Tashkent TV tower begin? a) in 1978 c) in 1985 b) in 1980 d) in 1977 2) When did the construction finally finish? a) in 1981 c) in 1983 b) in 1985 d) in 1984

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3) What is the height of this TV tower? a) 380 meter c) 375 meter b) 370 meter d) 373meter 4) When did a new media center NTRC start functioning? a) November, 2011 c) November, 2012 b) October, 2010 d) September, 2011 5) When has the introduction of digital television begun in our Republic? a) since 2005 c) since 2001 b) since 2000 d) since 2006 6) When was the resolution «The state program on technical and technological transition to digital telecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan" approved by our first president? a) April 17, 2012 c) April 15, 2012 b) May 17, 2013 d) April 17, 2007 7) When did channel MY5 begin its telecasting? a) in 2015 c) in 2013 b) in 2014 d) in 2016 8) When did we celebrate the 60th anniversary of television in our Republic? a) in 2015 c) in 2016 b) in 2014 d) in 2017 11.3 Read the text, fill in the table given below using INSERT technique and compare your table with your partner. Television is considered a miracle of twentieth-century technology. This technique entered our homes more than 60 years ago. In Tashkent, the construction of the first television center in the Central Asian region was completed in 1956 on November 5. A television tower with a height of 180 meters was also constructed according to the individual project and a single- channel TV transmitter TTR-5 / 2.5 with a power of 5 kW (video), 2.5 kW

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(sound) and a single-channel broadcasting FM transmitter with a power of 4 kW with a radius of a reliable reception zone of 60-70 km were installed. The "Telecenter" project was a series of 410, which designated the area of the main pavilion with an area of 300 square meters and announcer studio area of 50 square meters. The technical equipment of the studio consisted of 8 channels a large studio, two in a narration studio and two in a projection studio. The construction of the Tashkent television center had been conducted for two years. In 1961, the second television turnstile antenna was installed by the ITR center on the tower and a second program was broadcasted using the 100W transmitter of TRSA 12/12. In 1965, two sets of video recorders of the KMZI-4 type were installed. In the same year in Tashkent organized on RRL submission of the program from Moscow in black and white. In 1967, ASB was re-equipped with Thomson equipment and with the help of this equipment, the transfer of programs "in colour" - in the SECAM system started. In 1967, the “Orbit” system was created on the basis of artificial satellites Molniya-1 and Molniya-2. In Tashkent, the transceiver station "Orbita" was built and with its assist, three programs of the Central Television were broadcast. In 1977, a new technical center was opened in Tashkent, which was built in 1967-1977 (architect K.A Nikuradze, chief project engineer G.A Filatov). It was designed to form simultaneously five television programs. In 1981, the Tashkent television tower and the radio and television broadcasting station (RTBS) were put into operation. The construction of the television tower was started in 1978 according to the project of architects Yu.L. Semashko, N.G. Teriziev-Tsarukov, under the leadership of engineers E. P. Morozov, M. D. Mousheev.

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The Tashkent TV Tower is the highest free-standing building in Central Asia. It provides live broadcast of television programs within a radius of approximately 100 km. The complex includes a technical building that is a stylobate, and a 375-meter metal television tower with an antenna and a flagpole. The volume of the television tower is 55,500 m3, and the mass of metal structures is 6,000 tons, the volume of the building on the trunk of the tower is 15,000 m3. In 1974, in threes programs of television were broadcast in Uzbek, Russian, Kazakh. The scope of the republic television was 11 hours a day. TV shows were broadcast from Moscow, Frunze (Bishkek), Dushanbe. The total scope of broadcasting was only 15 hours a day. The real prospering of television in Uzbekistan began in the years of independence. Over the years of independence, the television and radiobroadcasting network has been completely modernized. Modern replaced all old tube television and broadcast transmitters. In the period of 2001-2003, television and radio broadcast transmitters were completely replaced in Tashkent television tower. Six television and four FM broadcasting transmitters were installed. In Tashkent, a new media center NTRC has started its functioning since November 30, 2011. Near TV technical center, a new media center was built according to a special plan. This new media center is equipped with four studios

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(two 1000 m2 each and two 600 m2 each), designed for the production of television series and other television products, as well as hardware for these studios, recreation rooms, dressing room, make-up room, educational rooms, a video library, a music library, a dining room and other necessary premises. In addition, the media center is supplied with the most modern tele- and radio equipment and equipment produced in the leading countries of the world, supplied by the German company BFE Studio und Medien Systeme Gmbh.

All technical equipment of the new media center is designed to work in HD format. Transmission in HD is the first in the CIS and Central Asia. Since 2006, the introduction of digital television has begun in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Along with many countries in Europe and the CIS, in the framework of the Regional Radio Communication Conference on terrestrial digital broadcasting in Geneva in 2006, Uzbekistan signed an agreement on the gradual transition to digital television and radio broadcasting by 2017. V + - ? Confirms what Something new Contradicts what Confuses you you already knew “I didn’t know you thought “I don’t “I knew that!” that!” “I thought understand this.” differently.”

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11.4 Skim the text again and make up WH questions using WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW and ask your partner. 11.5 Decide if the statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the text. 1. It was 50 years ago when a miracle of twentieth-century entered our homes. 2. It was the last month of autumn when the construction of the first television center in the Central Asian region was completed. 3. It took two years to construct the Tashkent television center. 4. Some programs of the Central Television were broadcast with the help of the transceiver station "Orbita". 5. Threes programs of television started broadcasting in three languages in 1974. 6. During the independence years, many national channels started to operate. 7. Up to date semiconductor transmitters substituted all old tube television and broadcast transmitters. 8. There was Presidential decree about transition to digital television and radio broadcasting by 2017 gradually. 11.6 Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a - j). 1. pavilion a. the process of receiving broadcast signals 2. announcer b. place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use 3. reception c. a building or similar structure used for a specific purpose, in particular 4. install d. someone who introduces programs on radio or television or who reads the text of a radio or television advertisement. 5. artificial e. a room from which television programs are

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broadcast, or in which they are recorded 6. transceiver f. the necessary items for a particular purpose 7. studio g. made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural 8. volume h. comprise or contain as part of a whole 9. include i. the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container 10. equipment j. a device that can both transmit and receive communications, in particular a combined radio transmitter and receiver 11.7 Listen to the tape about HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN UZBEKISTAN given by the senior teacher of TSA department of TUIT named after Muhammad al- Kwarizmi Sherzod Khasanov and put the words from the box in the blanks according to their meaning. education, televised, electronic, telescope, tube, patent, device, inventor, television, successfully One of the first electronic camera tubes was developed in Uzbekistan in 1928. Boris Grabovsky, Viktor Popov, Nikolay Piskunov, and Ivan Belyansky, began working on an all- 1. _____television system, which they named "Telephot". Popov and Piskunov stopped working on the 2. _____and went back to teaching, while Grabovsky and Belyansky continued to work on television. Apparently, Grabovsky was the primary 3._____ Boris Grabovsky was born on May 26, 1901 in Tobolsk, Tyuman Oblask, Russia. After the death of his farther, Pavel Grabovsky, the family moved to Odessa, then to Kahrkov. In 1917, they had to move to Central Asia, to Kyrgyz, in the village of Tokmak. He started his 4.______in Tashkent special school. Then he joined the faculty of the Central Asian University in Tashkent where he worked with Prof. G. Popov. At the university, he read articles by Boris Rosing in the field of electronic 5._____. While at the university they built a device they called a “cathode commutator”.

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The device had all the major elements of the modern 6. ______system: the camera tube had a double-side photo layer and electrostatic deflection of an electron beam. The tests with the device were carried out in the summer 1928 at the the house where the inventors lived with their families, which is where the present Tashkent TV center is located. The tests were sometime successful, and sometimes not. They 7. _____ a moving hand, and on June 28, 1928, they televised the faces of Belyansky and Grabovsky's wife Lidiya. On August 4, they set up the camera and a transmitter at a location outside, and set up a receiver about 500 meters away. They then 8. _____televised a tram moving along Navoi Street. They issued 9. _____on July 30, 1928, which read: “The author of the device to transmit mobile picture at a distance is the citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.” If Grabovsky did make a camera 10. … in 1928, his accomplishment should be recognized along with Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin. (http://www.earlytelevision.org/uzbekistan.html) 11.8 Listen one more time and answer the questions. 1. When was one of the first electronic camera tubes developed in Uzbekistan? 2. When and where was Boris Grabovsky born? 3. Whose articles did he read during his study at the University? 4. What device did he build at the University? 5. When and where did they test this device? 6. Whose faces did they televise in 1928? Phrasal verbs A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition. A phrasal verb has a meaning, which is different from the original verb. That is what makes them fun, but confusing. For instance, to run – to walk faster at a speed, if you run out of smth. – you have no more of it left. Malika,82 we have run out of milk! Please go and buy some.

11.8 Match the meaning of phrasal verbs with the verb TO SEE

through

out to

TO SEE

off into

in about

1. to see ____ - arrange, consider 2. to see _____ - accompany someone to the place 3. to see _____ - go to the airport, station and etc. to say good bye 4. to see ____ - accompany a guest the door when they are leaving a house 5. to see ___ - to deal with or take responsibility for someone or something 6. to see ____ - to realize the truth about somebody/something 7. to see ____ - welcome 11.9 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs given in 11.8 1. Will you see … my son while I am on a trip? 2. It is very courteous to see … the guests. 3. Oh dears, I am leaving tomorrow early in the morning will you come in see me …? 4. In Uzbekistan, people usually see … holidays with their families.

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5. The company is going to see … a meeting concerning change of the administration. 6. Maternal instinct always helps mothers to see … their children when they tell a lie. 7. When Shahlo could not find her way in the new office, a secretary saw her… the room.

WRITING A CONGRATULATION LETTER

• Salutation – Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Mr/Mrs Smith • Introduction – give your purpose why you are writing For example, I am writing this letter to congratulate you on great success you have managed to achieve in a very short period. • Body – explain the situation and give relevant details; • Conclusion – Say what action you are expecting from the reader • Complementary – Yours sincerely or faithfully, Mark Jackson

11.10 Write a letter to a television company congratulating them on TV program that you have recently seen. In your letter – Mention when and why you watched it. – Say why you liked it so much. –Say about influence it might have on other people.

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ONE ON ONE INTERVIEW

11.11 Work with a partner to complete a TV survey and after it, share and discuss the results with the group. Q 1. What do you think television is one of the best inventions of all times?

Q2. Why do you think television industry is so successful?

Q 3. If you could design a new television show to boost ratings, what kind of show would it be?

Q 4. Should TV play a role in educating children? How?

Q 5. Do you think there is too much violence on TV?

Q 6. Does violence on TV influence some young people to engage in violent behavior?

Q 7. Does TV make a person passive? Does TV take away a person’s ability to think for himself or herself?

Q 8. Do you think that TV prevents people from communicating?

Q 9. How do you think TV viewing habits change, as people get older?

Q 10. How will television change over the next few decades?

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LESSON 12 CAREERS ON TV

➢ What jobs do you know on TV? ➢ Do you know anyone who works at TV station? ➢ What qualities and abilities should on air personalities have? ➢ If you were given an opportunity to work at TV station, what would you be? 12.1 WHAT ARE THEY? Look at the photos and choose the occupation of these people on TV given in the box. broadcast meteorologist, news anchor, camera operator, reporter

1. 2.

3. 4. 12.2 Complete these definitions with jobs in the box. an anchor, a narrator, a panel, a commentator, ,a grip, a broadcaster, a sound engineer, a weatherman, a celebrity chef, a front man 1. ______presents especially a news programme on a television or radio. 2. ______gives talks or takes part in interviews and discussions on radio or television programmes.

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3. ______a famous professional cook who is often seen on TV showing how to cook. 4. ______is a broadcaster who gives a radio or television commentary on an event. 5. ______is a man whose job is to be the main person who appears in a television programme and tells people what is happening in each part of the programme. 6. ______is a member of a camera crew responsible for moving and setting up equipment. 7. ______delivers a commentary accompanying a film, broadcast, piece of music, etc. 8. ______is a group of famous people who discuss subjects on TV. 9. ______alters and balances the levels of different sounds as they are recorded. 10. ______presents weather forecasts at regular times on television or radio. 12.3 Listen to six speakers and find their job given in the box. Executive Producer, Producer, Floor Manager, Lighting Director, Gaffer, Make- up Artist

Speaker 1.______Speaker 2.______Speaker 3.______Speaker 4.______Speaker 5.______Speaker 6.______

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12.4 WHAT IS MY JOB? Choose one job on TV, describe your job using the following work vocabulary and vocabulary of the lesson, do not tell it to the class and let them to find your job.

• to be called for an • maternity leave: time off interview: to be invited to attend an work given to a woman about to have interview a baby

• a dead-end job: a job with • to meet a deadline: to finish no promotional opportunities a job by an agreed time

• to do a job-share: to share • a nine-to-five job: a normal the weekly hours of work with job that consists of an 8-hour day another person (approximately)

• a good team player: • part-time: working less than somebody who can work well with full-time other people • to be self-employed: see ‘to

• full-time: the number of be your own boss’ hours that people usually work in a • sick leave: time allowed off complete week work when sick

• a heavy workload: to have a • to be stuck behind a desk: to lot of work to do be unhappy in an office job

• a high-powered job: an • to be/get stuck in a rut: to important or powerful job be in a boring job that is hard to leave

• holiday entitlement: the • to take early retirement: to number of days holiday allowed retire early

• job satisfaction: the feeling • temporary work: work done of enjoying a job for a limited time only

• manual work: work that • voluntary work: to work requires physical activity without pay

• to be well paid: to earn a good salary

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12.5 Answer the questions. 1. What do you think when Uzbek cinema was born? 2. Do you know who was the founder of Uzbek cinematography? 3. Have you ever heard about Khudaibergen Devanov? 12.6 Read information only once. THE PIONEER OF UZBEK FILM, CINEMAOPERATOR - KHUDAIBERGEN DEVANOV The first Uzbek photographer, cameraman and the founder of Uzbek cinematography Khudaibergen Devanov was born in 1879 in the family of Nurmuhammad Devanov who was a manager and superintendent of possessions in Khojeili. He received a good education in Khiva, where he mastered the Arabic language. He was fond of poetry and tried to write poems. Devanov played on almost all Uzbek musical instruments. Moreover, he loved gardening and he grew about 40 varieties of roses in his family garden. He considered the German film lover Wilhelm Penner to be his first teacher who introduced photography and camerawork to him. In spite of the fact that he lived in Islamic society which banned the depiction of everything animated Kh. Devanov managed to become the first photographer and then the cameraman of the Khiva Khanate. Hudaibergen Devanov was a member of the Khorezm delegation that went to St. Petersburg in 1908. In the capital of the Russian Empire, he studied the subtleties of photographic work with famous professionals. He was left for two months for an internship after the completion of the Khiva diplomatic mission. H. Divanov brought home various photo and film

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accessories, including the movie camera of the PATHE Freres brand No.593, which allowed him to independently shoot the first Uzbek documentary film about the phaeton departure in 1910 by Khiva Khan Asfandiyar. His first films “Monuments of architecture of our region” (114 meters, 1913), “Views of Turkestan” (100 meters, 1916) and others also survived. 1908 was the year of the birth of Uzbek cinema. Hudaibergen Devanov filmed historical sights, minarets, mosques and much more. Thanks to his work, people from other countries first became acquainted with the ancient original culture of Khorezm. Unfortanatly, in 1937, Kh. Divanov was repressed, sent to a camp for political prisoners in Yangiyul, where he died. Thus, an eminent man, the creator of half a century of photographic chronicles of his land, tragically ended his life. He left behind him the richest photo and film material, most of which was destroyed after his arrest. However, something managed to save. Part of the archive is stored in Krasnogorsk. The unique materials are still in the personal archive of his grandson Abdulla Yusupov who was a cameraman and a famous Soviet journalist in Urgench. In 1958, Khudaibergen Divanov, the discoverer and pioneer of Uzbek cinema was rehabilitated. In Urgench, one of the cinemas bears his name. Books and articles about him were written, a documentary was shot. The name of this person is rightfully inscribed in gold letters in the history of Uzbek photography. 12.7 Do the tests according to the info to check your memory. 1. When was Kh.Devanov born? a) In 1877 c) In 1878 b) In 1897 d) In 1879 2. What language did he master? a) The Russian language c) The Turkish language b) The Arabic language d) The Chinese language 3. Where was he sent in 1908 as a member of the Khorezm delegation? a) Moscow b) London

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c) St. Petersburg d) Tashkent 4. Who was his first teacher?

a) Wilhelm Penner c) Louis and Auguste Lumière b) Thomas Alva Edison d) George J. Folsey 5. Where are his richest photo and film materials kept? a) In Moscow c) In St. Petersburg b) In Tashkent d) In Krasnogorsk and Urgench 12.8 Write the jumbled words in order to make a sentence. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TELEVISION 1. 1884 German in student invents Nipkow disc. a Paul rotating 2. German Hertz to make physicist In1888 radio demonstrates how Heinrich waves. 3. another a a 1894. by Oliver room of building a one Sir Lodge from message to in transmits radio successfully British physicist, 4. Farnsworth electronics idea gets TV scanning a for engineer American system. In Philo the 1922 5. Patent 1923 Zworykin that Russian In uses physicist tubes. files a electronics engineer TV and cathode-ray system Vladimir US for 6. In John to Scottish 1924 transmit Nipkow image. Logie a a Baird uses disc inventor flickering TV 7. department Baird Selfridges store. first public scanned makes 1925 In television crudely at London's images demonstration the of 8. 1927 his in files world's proper for Farnsworth the first. camera TV dissector Patent image US 12.8 Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box. One word is extra. radio waves, grid, transmitter, film, flicker, picture, lens, camera, fuse, invisible

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1. Radio antennas receive ………. and change them into electrical signals, which are then turned into sound by the speakers. 2. We can …… the various ingredients into glass. 3. Galileo discovered stars that were …… to the naked eye using a telescope. 4. Nodir with clever classmates built their own radio……... 5. The editors have cut the obscene passages from the …… to show it on television. 6. After giving the television a good thump, the …… came back. 7. The television screens of the next century will be linked up to an emerging world ……. 8. The VGA graphics are colourful and ……. free and the game itself is quite addictive. 9. A photographer took the …….cap off his camera and waited for a good shot.

I am explaining REPORTED SPEECH it is used to tell people what somebody said or thought.

TENSE BACKSHIFT Direct speech Indirect speech The present indefinite The past indefinite I am a reporter. Alisher said that he was a reporter The present continuous The past continuous I am working for channel My5. Alisher said that he was working for channel My5. The present perfect The past perfect I have worked in this channel Alisher informed that he had worked in since 2014. this channel since 2014.

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The past indefinite The past perfect I graduated from TUIT named Alisher said that he had graduated TUIT after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi. named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi. The past continuous The past perfect continuous I am explaining reported speech. Our teacher said that she had been explaining reported speech.

TABLES OF CHANGE This That Where’s the dog? He wondered where that dog was. These Those Here There What are you doing here? He asked me what I was doing there. now then Ago before today That day yesterday The day before tomorrow The next day MODAL VERBS will would must Had to can could shall should may might 12.9 Convert statements into reported speech paying special attention to the adverbial modifiers of time and place. 1. “I posted your letter yesterday,” said Malika to her mother. 2. “I'll have another talk with him tomorrow,” said Anvar. 3. “You have a beautiful house here,” said Rustam.

4. “Tomorrow I shall do it myself,” said mother. 5. “You will never guess whom I met today. It was Farida!” said Nodir. 6. “I have not had breakfast this morning,” said Rano. 12.10 Convert statements into direct speech. 1. He said that his bus hadn’t come in time the day before.

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2. The boys said they would go to the football match. 3. He said their team hadn’t won the last game. 4. Malika said that she had gone to the library after school. 5. Laziza said that she would go home early. 6. Wе said that we hadn’t made any plans yet.

SALUTATION Dear Sir or Madam/ Dear Mr. Sands INRODUCTION I am writing to apply for the job/post/position of/ which I saw advertised in … I am writing with regard to your advertisement BODY Briefly describe you/ your situation (where you come from, knowledge area, training/ qualifications/ previous experience/ other skills, what kind person you are); USEFUL I have been working as… since/ for LANGUAGE I hold a certificate/degree in… My degree is in … I think I could be suitable candidate for…because… I have a lot of experience of … CONCLUSION I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience… Please contact me regarding any queries you may have I look forward to hearing from you. COMPLEMENTARY Yours sincerely or faithfully

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12.11 Write a letter of application for the post of news anchor according to the sample. Dear Sir/Madam, Through (news paper name….) I have come to know about the available job of ‘News Anchor’ is vacant in your esteemed organization. I have enclosed my resume along with documents and various visual recordings of mine. I worked behind the camera for two years but after that I am on screen. I have done my Bachelors in (Subject name….) from (University name….) and my Masters is in progress. I did diploma of Professional Anchoring from (Institute name…). I am recently working for (Institute name/News Channel name), and seeking for healthier opportunities and to give my life make better. To work with organization like yours would be my opportunity. I have enormous and efficient communication skills and fluent language abilities. I am confident person in front of camera with clear voice. My keen interest is to join in your organization and work as an active team member. I am punctual person with good approach. I am competent to use my professional experience in my further life events. Getting a chance would be great enough for me and for organizational development. ( http://www.assignmentpoint.com) Sincerely, Name……. Newscaster, (Institute name….) Contact no………. Email……….

JOB INTERVIEW

12.12 Imagine that you are being interviewed for a position of a reporter. According to the questions and tips do a role-play.

Questions Tips 1. Tell me about yourself. What the hiring manager really wants is a quick, two- to three-minute snapshot of who you are and why you are the best candidate for this position. It is your chance to introduce your qualifications, good work habits, etc. 2. What is your greatest strength? Point out your positive attributes related to 95

the job. 3. What is your greatest Talk about a true weakness and show what weakness? you are doing to overcome it. 4. Why should we hire you? The easy answer is that you are the best person for the job. Do not be afraid to say so. Show it by your passionate examples. 5. What are your salary “My salary expectations are in line with my expectations? experience and qualifications.” Or, “If this is the right job for me, I am sure we can come to an agreement on salary.” 6. Why are you leaving or have Be careful with this. Avoid trashing other left your job? employers and making statements like, "I need more money." Instead, make generic statements such as, "It's a career move." 7. Why do you want this job? Say what attracts you to the job. Avoid the obvious and meaningless, such as, "I need a job." 8. How do you handle stress and Exercising, relaxing with a good book, pressure? socializing with friends or reading books and etc. 9. Describe a difficult work The interviewer is likely looking for a situation/project and how you particular example of your problem-solving overcome it? skills and the pride you show for solving it. 10. What are your goals for the The hiring manager is interested in how future? your goals line up with the organization, not what you want to do next in your life. Useful phrase for a job interview ➢ Describing your personality Easy-going, hardworking, honest, focused, committed, trustworthy, proactive, methodical; ➢ Describing your strength I’m good at/I’m skilled at multitasking/working under pressure/working to a deadline, or My strength is/are my ability to problem solve/be enthusiastic/speak fluent English etc. ➢ Describing your weakness Ex: expecting too much from colleagues, impatience, mastering foreign languages, creativity, sensitive, too honest and so on. ➢ Describing your goals for the I believe your company is an important future and why you want this job player in its industry I feel my skills set is a perfect fit for your team and I can contribute by… 96

LESSON 13 CINEMATOGRAPHY WORLD

As the film industry grows, so too does the list of film festivals and awards ceremonies across the globe. From the Academy Awards in Los Angeles, to the Cannes Film Festival in France, there is an award ceremony for various types of films. 13.1Looking at the pictures try to guess the name of Film Awards.

1) ______2) ______3) ______

4) ______5) ______

6) ______7) ______

8) ______

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13.2 Listen to eight speakers describing film awards given in the box and define which award they are speaking about. The Oscars, The Nika, BAFTA, Palme d’Or, The Golden Bear, The Golden Leopard, The Golden Globe, The Golden Lion Speaker Award Words to help 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 13.3 Answer the questions about awards. 1. Have you seen any films that were awarded with the prizes above? 2. Which film actor/actress from your country can be nominated to these awards? Why? 3. Do you have such kind awards in your country? 4. If yes, compare them with international one. Hollywood or Bollywood?.. Maybe Pollywood?

• What do you know about Hollywood? • Do you know any Hollywood star? • Would you like to be a Hollywood star? Why? The film industry, also known as the motion picture industry, consists of the technological and commercial institutions involved in the filmmaking. These institutions in filmmaking include production companies, studios, screenwriting, actors, crews, and film directors. Cinema of the United States commonly referred to as Hollywood has dominated the film industry and has had major effects on

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cinema worldwide. Hollywood is the primary source of most commercially successful movies in the world and currently generates hundreds of movies every year. Hollywood movies have a global appeal because of the use of English as a universal language. Due to the success and the quality movies it produces, some film industries around the world have adopted names inspired by Hollywood.

Bollywood is part of the larger Indian Film Industry based in Mumbai and produces the Hindi language based films. Bollywood, formally referred to as Hindi Cinema, is the largest film producer in India accounting for 45% of the net film revenue. Bollywood produced 252 films out of 1969 films in India in 2014. Bollywood has become part of the Indian's story by influencing the music film. With the sales of Hindi movies worldwide especially in the Asian countries, Middle East, Africa, and Europe, Bollywood continues to generate a lot of revenue. Hindi actors have also gained significantly through the improved income from sales of their movies. Pollywood is a Punjabi Cinema industry in India and Pakistan, which produces films in the Punjabi language. Pollywood has become synonymous with the Indian Punjab especially in the 21st century because of the quality and number of Punjabi film it produces. Punjabi cinema has grown from producing five movies in 1997 to producing over 100 films annually. Pollywood currently spends a lot of money and uses homegrown stars and Bollywood actors in its film production. The gross earnings for the film industry have also increased significantly with some movies bringing in more than $10 million.

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Lollywood is a Pakistan-based film industry, which borrowed its name from Hollywood. The film industry started in 1929 and since then the studio has continued to manage indigenous production while in competition with some of the major production centers in Mumbai and Kolkata. Lollywood is currently producing some of the most intriguing films in Pakistan including Waar, Na MaoomAfraad, and the system among other famous films. Hollywood has not only influenced film industries in Asia but also the world over. Most of the film industries have associated with Hollywood to promote and market their films both locally and abroad. The strategy has worked because of the quality films that met the audience’s expectations. 13.4 Skim the text and find synonyms among underlined words from the text to the words given in the table. 1. Widespread

2. Amend

3. Native

4. Profit

5. Local

6. Yearly

7. Fascinating

8. Encourage

9. Prevalent

10. Prospect

11. Cinematography

12. Request

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13.5 Answer the questions. ➢ What can you say about the development of film industry in your country? ➢ Do you have something like Hollywood? ➢ Are there any famous filmmakers? ➢ Did you watch any films by these film industries? ➢ What films are they? ➢ Which of them do you prefer? THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative Superlative (Always used with definite article) big bigger the biggest thin thinner thinnest happy happier ( -y ) – (-i) happiest careful more/less careful most/least careful caring more/less caring most/least caring gifted more/less gifted most/least gifted intelligent more/less intelligent most/least intelligent fun more/less fun most/least fun Irregular adjectives bad worse worst well (healthy) better best good better best far farther/further farthest/furthest

13.6 Choose appropriate form of adjectives according to the context. A consumer is a person who buys things, and a consumer society is a society that encourages people to buy and use goods. Some people think that a consumer society provides people with 1. good/ better lives. People in consumer societies tend to live more comfortably. They eat 2.a wider / the widest variety of food. They go to restaurants more often. They also buy a lot of products, maybe 3. much/ more than they need. Products such as TVs, cell phones, and computers used to be luxuries. Today people can buy these things more easily than ever before. The market for these goods is growing faster all the time.

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Consumer societies encourage people to buy 4.big/bigger and the 5. best /better products. For example, “smarter” phones come out every year. In a consumer society, people are often buying 6.new/ newer and 7. advanced/more advanced products. This creates a lot of waste. Nowadays, many people are thinking more seriously about the effects of consumer societies on the environment, and they are trying to become 8.more responsible / the most responsible consumers. 13.7 Write a review of your favorite movie, using the phrases given below.

The movie is about______The action takes place______The main characters are______The movie begins with______The end …of ______I was impressed by ______The movie succeeded/ failed as______I would have no hesitation in recommending/ I don’t recommend watching it______ROLE-PLAY “INTERVIEW WITH CELEBRITY”. 13.8 Work in pairs. Imagine that you are taking an interview from your favorite actor/actress. What you might ask them? Make up at least five (unusual/interesting) questions. • Would you date a fan? • How would someone get • Who is your inspiration? your special attention? • What is your one annoying • What is your favorite habit? movie? • Do you get used to being a • Do you believe in love at celebrity? first sight? • What is the weirdest thing a fan has ever done for you? • What would you change your name to?

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LESSON 14 YOUTH & TELEVISION

➢ Are there any TV programs dedicated to youth in your national TV station? ➢ If yes. What kind of programs are they? ➢ What do you think about them? ➢ What program would you like to watch on TV? ➢ Do have a TV set in your bedroom? If yes, does it influence on you? How? ➢ What can you say about influence of TV on children’s behavior?

14.1 What kind of national TV programs are shown below? Can you name them?

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

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14.2 Read the article and fill in the table below. IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON YOUTH AND CHILDREN By Richa Sharma TELEVISION is one of the most interactive medium of communication. In today’s world whether it is a child or an old man, everyone has some or the other favourite show on television. Also due to the up gradation of technology television is no more a commodity, which is owned by only the urban sector. Even rural families have access to television. Since it is reaching such a large number of people, thus it has a major impact on the lives of these people. As any other medium of communication, television also has its pros and cons. Initially when television was launched one of the major impacts of television was that it brought a family close to each other. As TVs were little expensive initially and also with a limited show on air a bunch of people used to sit together. Nevertheless, slowly and steadily with the advent of technology and more and more choices available catering to the demands of every sector of the society television sets reversed the above concept entirely. Now each room of a house may have a separate television set. Thus, kids sit, watch, eat, drink, and play in their room and parents do the same in their room. Thus, television has both negative and positive effects on society. Television has become a very important part of our lives. Moreover, the truth is that we cannot stay without it. Considering the effects of television on children, I guess that it is not just the kids who are to be blamed but parents are equally responsible. The entire interest of watching television starts after the age of almost three years. This is because kids have less concentration power, and thus it is difficult for them to sit in front of TV for a long time. All the children’s programmes and cartoon channels are intermixed with advertisements. These advertisements have a definite influence on tender minds. Fast food snacks filled with ingredients that are harmful to health. How much

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impact TV has on children depends on many factors: how much they watch, their age and personality, whether they watch alone or with adults, and whether their parents talk with them about what they see on TV. Television can be educational and beneficial, but its negative aspects, such as the amount of aggressive and violent activity it displays daily, is causing concern to parents and educators around the world. The important thing to keep in mind is that parents must not blame the children for watching TV. Together they must prepare a tentative timetable for TV viewing. Children must be given some time to watch their favourite programmes, but parents must have an eye on the programmes, which the children watch. There must be open discussions among family members and parents must provide positive guidance to children. In addition, television has had a major impact on the youth. In terms of violence, health related issues. Over the past two decades, hundreds of studies have examined how violent programming on TV affects children and young people. While a direct "cause and effect" link is difficult to establish, there is a growing consensus that some people may be vulnerable to violent images and messages. In addition, a check needs to be kept on kids who behave aggressively after watching a particular show. Since, these days’ people are so much into television the biggest concern is that they sit in front of the TV set for hours thus most of their precious time is spent sitting and munching without doing any physical activity because of which kids suffer from various health problems at a very young age. Thus, as it was mentioned earlier television has both negative as well as positive effects. Television offers many benefits such as, sharing cultural experience with others. Moreover, shared viewing gives a family some time together, parents can use television as a catalyst for reading by making them watch a particular show and then bringing books related to the same, improving the general knowledge, also helps in improving the social and communication skills of the kid. However, at the same time we have advertisements, violence on

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these shows. The parents must go on talking to the child while watching TV, that is, they must explain the programme contents to the younger ones. This will help the children to make an important connection between actions and their consequences. Studies have shown that children whose parents explain events and clarify information tend to be more imaginative, less aggressive and less hyperactive and tend to understand the contents of the programme better. www.merinews.com 14.3 Fill in the table with the help of the article and add your own opinions concerning TV.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

14.4 Find the words from the text according to their meaning. 1. ______- a scale or series of successive changes, stages, or degrees

2. ______- involving communication between people 3. ______- resulting in good; favourable or advantageous 4. ______- having or showing creativity or inventiveness 5. ______- a person or thing that precipitates an event 6. ______- make or become better 7. ______- of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly 8. ______- eating (something) steadily and often audibly 9. ______- the action of watching something on television 10. ______- using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something 106

Articles are words that define whether something is specific or unspecific.

USAGE OF INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES Count nouns Non - count nouns Rule #1 a, an (no article) Specific identity not I think an animal is in the known cage. I have a brother and two sisters. Rule #2 the the Specific identity The girl sitting next to me is Thank you for the known my cousin. advice you gave me. the theory of relativity the 2015 federal budget Rule #3 (no article) (no article) All things or things Trees are very beautiful in My mother does not in general Autumn. like coffee.

Don’t use THE with Use THE with ✓ Areas of study: history, math, biology, etc. united countries, large ✓ Sports: soccer, football, baseball, hockey, etc. regions, deserts, ✓ Languages: Chinese, Spanish, Russian, peninsulas, oceans, English, etc. seas, gulfs, canals, ✓ Certain nonfood substances: air, cement, rivers, mountain coal, dirt, gasoline, gold, paper, petroleum, plastic, ranges, groups of rain, silver, snow, soap, steel, wood, wool islands ✓ Most abstract nouns: advice, anger, beauty, the Gobi Desert confidence, courage, employment, fun, happiness, the United Arab health, honesty, information, intelligence, Emirates knowledge, love, poverty, satisfaction, truth, wealth. the Sacramento River ✓ Other: clothing, equipment, furniture, the Aleutians homework, jewelry, luggage, lumber, machinery, mail, money, news, poetry, pollution, research, scenery, traffic, transportation, violence, weather, work ✓ streets, parks, cities, states, counties, most countries, continents, bays, single lakes, single mountains, islands Japan Chico Mt. Everest 107

14.5 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate articles. 1. My sister Aziza is interested in … biology and …history. 2. Nodir is learning …Chinese and …Italian. 3. …Uzbekistan borders on …Kazakhstan and … Aral Sea to … north and… northwest. 4. Uzbekistan’s mineral resources include … petroleum, natural gas, gold, silver, uranium, molybdenum, tungsten, coal, copper, zinc and lead. …Uranium, …copper and… gold are … country’s chief minerals. 5. Usbekistan lies mainly between two major rivers, … Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River) to the northeast and … Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) to the southwest. 6. With … courage you will dare to take risks, have … strength to be compassionate, and … wisdom to be humble. ( Mark Twain) 7. … United Kingdom consists of four countries – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 8. The main cities of …England are …London, …Liverpool and …Manchester. 9. Historically Holmes lived from the year 1881 at …221B Baker Street, London. 10. … Tien-Shan mountains are the most notable mountains on … Earth. “Tien-Shan” in Chinese means “Heaven Mountains”. 11. How did you travel to Samarkand? By … car or by … plane 12. Columbus was one of ______first people to cross ______Atlantic. 13. ______Thames flows into ______North Sea. 14. Judith earns € 2000 ______month. 15. Dancing is ______more interesting activity than reading. 16. ______people we met on ______holiday in ______north of Uzbekistan came from ______Caucasus.

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A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views. (Collins English Dictionary.) )

Debate participants: three speakers of proposers’ team and three speakers of opposers’ team. Proposers affirm the topic and opposers refute it. A timekeeper – watches time. Jury that consists of 3-5 members. In the course of the debate, they fill in special protocols. At the end of the game, the judges, not conferring each other, they decide to which team they give preference to the results of the debate, i.e. they determine whose arguments and method of proof were most convincing; The team that receives the largest number of votes of the judges wins; WORKLIST FOR JURY Proposers Opposers Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST Questions Answers Politeness Grammar Vocabulary Phonetics Physical behaviour Decision PROCEDURE OF THE DEBATE Speech speakers Speech order time 1. the first speaker of 4 min. –represents the affirmative team; affirmative team - formulates the topic of the debate; (Proposer 1) - explains the key concepts; - declares the position of his team; - represents all arguments of the team - ends with a clear formulation 2. The third speaker of the 1,5 min. ⁻ O3 asks cross-questions to negative team (Opposer 3) disparage agreements of P1;

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questions the first speaker ⁻ P1 responds; of the affirmative team (P1) (round 1 questions). 3. The first speaker of the 4 min. –represents the team; negative team (Opposer 1) - Denies the topic, formulates the negative thesis; - adopts the definition proposed by the affirmative team; - refutes arguments and puts forward counterarguments; - ends with a clear formulation. 4. The third speaker of the 1,5 min. ⁻ P3 asks cross-questions to affirmative team (P3) asks disparage an agreements of O1; the first speaker of the ⁻ O1 responds; opposing team (O1) (round

2 questions). 5. the second speaker of 3 min. – refutes arguments presented by affirmative team O1; (Proposer 2) - gives new evidence in defense of the arguments of the team (no new arguments) 6. The first speaker of the 1,5 min. ⁻ O1 asks cross-questions to negative team (Opposer 1) disparage an agreements of P2; questions the second ⁻ P2responds; speaker of the affirmative team (P2) (round 3 questions). 7. The second speaker of the 3 min. - refutes the arguments presented by negative team (O2) the approving team; - recovers the arguments of his team; - presents new evidence (no new arguments are given).

8. The first speaker of the 1,5 min ⁻ P1 asks cross-questions to affirmative team (P1) asks disparage an agreements of O 2; the second speaker of the ⁻ O2 responds; negative team (O2) (round 4of questions). 9. The third speaker of the 3 min. - accentuates the main points of the affirmative team (P3) debate, following his arguments; - conducts a comparative analysis of the positions of the parties on key 110

issues; - explains why the affirmation arguments are more convincing; - does not give new arguments; - makes an effective conclusion. 10. The third speaker of the 3 min. - accentuates the main points of the negative team (O3) debate, following his arguments; - conducts a comparative analysis of the positions of the parties on key issues; - explains why the negative arguments are more convincing; - does not give new arguments; - makes an effective conclusion. 14.6 Mind the procedure and rules of the debate and organize a debate on topic “Television is harmful to the Society”. RULES OF THE DEBATE ✓ Work as a team and always support each other. ✓ Listen to your opponents carefully. ✓ Make notes while your opponents are speaking to keep track of their ideas. ✓ Try to answer your opponents’ questions giving reasons for your opinion. ✓ Be polite and disciplined during the debate. ✓ Never interrupt each other. ✓ Do not speak longer than the set time limit TIPS TO BE A GOOD SPEAKER ✓ Demonstrate a good knowledge of the topic ✓ Use examples and facts to support the arguments ✓ Show enthusiasm and confidence ✓ Try to answer the questions even if they are tough ✓ Speak loudly and clearly

LESSON 15 FUTURE TRENDS OF TELEVISION

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➢ How do you see the future of TV? ➢ What will change? ➢ What is your prediction for the next 10 years in television? 15.1 Look at the pictures and guess names of new generation TVs.

1. 2.

3. 4. 15.2 Read the predictions for TV in 2025. Do you agree to them? Prove your answers. Compare your statements with experts’ ones. Predictions Yes No 1. Television will be less dominant.

2. Fiber-optic networks will reach the home.

3. Everyone will own a Smart TV.

4. Channels go away.

5. Global releases will reduce piracy.

6. Kiss the remote goodbye.

7. Interactive television screens.

8. People will pay to avoid adverts.

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15.3 Work in pairs. Find the underlined words in the text according to their meanings. 1. ………………- combine or unite to form one organization or structure. 2. ……………… - make or become unclear or less distinct. 3. ……………… - without problems or difficulties. 4. ……………… - create the circumstances to enable (something) to happen or be done. 5. ……………… - a specialized but profitable segment of the market. 6. ……………… - just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential. 7. ……………… - test (something, especially a new product) to assess its suitability or performance. 8. ……………… - the contestant that is leading in a race or other competition. 9. …………………………. - regard as probable; expect or predict. 10. …………………………. - enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule. 15.4 Read the text and match six trends of TV in the box with the passage. Humanoids AI comes to Television Broadcasting, Virtual Reality, Data Analytics, Virtualization, Immersive and Interactive Experience-Augmented Reality, Holographic TV TOP SIX TRENDS THAT ARE SHAPING THE FUTURE OF TELEVISION We do not know how, when and why Television has always been called an Idiot Box world over. On the contrary, it is a smart device which has encapsulated our attention unabashedly over the longest period of time since its inception and the first television service by British Broadcasting Corporation in 1936. Today, even after 80 years, it rules our heart and is still a major source of entertainment and global information. The television industry in the last few decades has grown extensively and the wave continues. Whether in terms of technology, state-of-the-

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art looks or content, many key players in a highly competitive market keep up with the pace of development. Advancements in terms of knowledge, exposure, urbanization, increased buying power and a continuous shift in user preferences keep the innovators on their toes to think beyond the edge. In terms of technology, the end users might think that now the peak has arrived, and there is nothing more that innovators can come up with. But we also agree with the mystic power of human brain who, if one can anticipate the current trends, is surely preparing for something which will take television technology to an altogether another level of viewing. Some of the trends that are shaping the future of Television include: 1.______BBC has always been a front-runner as far as anything concerned with TV goes. It has trialed for a technology and content wherein a fairly big size TV is laid flat and simple, old Victorian theatre techniques are used to create 3D images which seem to float in the air. Though a Holographic TV is still at its nascent stage the initiation is applaudable. 2.______The revolution, “Big Data Analytics” aids smart viewership. Early adopters like Netflix have used it extensively to create a niche and specialize in the domain as creative as content production. We hope to see it being widely adopted, more hands-on to optimize produced or acquired content. The steps are simple; behavioral data is collected from various sources, classified and judged to help identify end-user preferences. 3.______In terms of technology, Virtual Reality predictably is the next big thing which aims at completely revolutionizing the concept of TV watching. It’s an ever-growing popular culture wherein a consumer after wearing a VR headset can explore virtual, computer-generated worlds. It replicates an environment and simulates user’s real-time presence and allows full interaction. VR, when

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integrated with TV shows can help a user be a part of that show. Looks a bit far- fetched at the moment, but not too far also. In fact, Director Steven Soderbergh’s new ambitious project Mosaic, an interactive narrative app is a perfect example of this concoction. It is due to release soon where the audience becomes a part of the narration and gets the leverage to decide how the story should unfold. It’s a new way of storytelling and irrespective of its response and real-time success paves way for more such experiments. 4.______Virtualization creates an ecosystem where independent services can share a common platform. It will surely take some time to realize this completely but cloud-based broadcasting wherein the content is put on public clouds for smooth broadcasting and viewing experience, is fast catching up. In fact, coming years will see major investments in cloud solutions. It does away with huge hardware investments and their maintenance and broadcasters benefit in terms of scalability and high levels of efficiency. They are extremely cost-effective with reduced turnaround time and helps manage viewer demands to a large extent. Predictably, a cloud utility model is surely going to turn Broadcasters into Orchestrators whose job would be to deliver aggregated content. The transition is already on its way. Key players like BBC, Disney/ABC Television have started making the shift as the world moves towards Virtualization. 5.______Technologists have always aimed for maximum consumer participation. Tools are being developed to involve our sensory powers to blur the line between the real and digital world thereby making the viewer part of the content. A mid- world is created where 3D and 4D images give the brain a real-time perception and the user feels more involved. 3D audio effects surround sound helps manipulate a sound one hears and provides a more real-time effect. One can easily confuse this with Virtual Reality but Augmented Reality deals more with the real world. It enhances the experience by adding drama to it. And

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Broadcasters are making hands-on use of it by developing more interactive and engaging shows with maximum audience participation. Plans to introduce Interactive Advertising by Channel 4 on British TV is one step forward to it where watchers would enjoy the liberty to choose different ads, watch different content or even buy the products instantly. 6. ______Robots have always fascinated us since time immemorial. Recently, a real- time robot or a Humanoid, Sophia surfaced on BBC television featuring as a spokesperson on BBC’s Earth TV. It is made of frubber (flesh rubber) and is highly sophisticated. It has a human face and also emulates real-time human emotions. It is not functioning in artificial intelligence. Rather it has scripted answers. One can only anticipate the whole experience of television watching in the future with more such humanoid interactions. Above are some of the trends observed that are going to shape the future of TV. And it doesn’t stop here. The list is ever growing. Technologists and innovators are constantly aiming for utmost consumer participation and keep them more involved and engaged. Broadcasters are trying really hard to absorb new technologies and amalgamating them to give their audiences different forms of experiences thereby entertaining them. By Anshul Gupta 15.5 Listen to the descriptions of new generation TV displays (a- f). Match a display which each speaker talks about. A. Holographic Displays Speaker 1______

B. Outdoor 3D Screens Speaker 2______

C. Bendable Displays Speaker 3______

D. Haptic Touch Screens Speaker 4______

E. Foldable Speaker 5______

F. OLED Speaker 6______

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QUANTIFIERS In English grammar, a quantifier is a word (or phrase) which indicates the number or amount being referred to. It generally comes before the noun (or noun phrase). Almost all students of this group have participated in the song contest. Malika does not have any siblings. There many theatres and cinema houses in our city. We have a little time before they arrive. There is little milk left.

Singular Plural Uncountable Quantifier nouns (C) nouns (C) nouns (U)

all x ✓ ✓

any ✓ ✓

both * ✓ *

each ✓ x x

enough x ✓ ✓

every ✓ x x

few/a few/fewer x ✓ x

little/a little/less x x ✓

lots of / a lot of x ✓ ✓

many x ✓ x

no ✓ ✓ ✓

several x ✓ x

some x ✓ ✓

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15.6 Work in pairs. Fill in the gaps with appropriate quantifiers in these English prepositions and find their equivalents in your mother tongue. 1. ______is well that ends well. 2. So ______men, so many minds. 3. ______ado about nothing. 4. Much will have ______. 5. Too ______cooks spoil the broth. 6. Too ______of a good thing is good for nothing. 7. ______that glitters is not gold. 8. Patience is a plaster for ______sores. 9. Politeness costs ______, but yields much. 10. ______work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 11. ______news is good news. 12. ______a true word is spoken in jest.

We can use modal verbs or other expressions given bellow in predicting the future. Modal verbs can be combined with adverbs to show a greater or lesser degree of certainty. The speaker is sure. People will definitely work longer hours in the future. People definitely won’t work longer hours in the future. The speaker is thinks (s)he’s You’ll probably enjoy this film. right but isn’t 100% sure. You probably won’t enjoy this film

The speaker isn’t sure at all. She might pass the exam or she might not pass. You could also use could or I don’t know. may instead of might.

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You are sure Jasur is bound to pass the exam. He’s worked really hard. Jasur is certain to pass.

You think so but I’m not 100% Iroda is likely to pass the exam. sure Iroda may well pass the exam. There’s a good chance that Iroda will pass the exam. You don’t think so Murod is unlikely to pass the exam. There’s not much chance Murod will pass. I doubt if Murod will pass. There’s no chance of Murod passing the exam. 15.7 Work in pairs. Write a word or idea in each box that shows how you think the world might look in 2025. THE FUTURE OF 2025. Examples: I think that in 2035 there will be a digital world currency. It is possible that India could be the biggest economy in the world. Maybe everybody will speak Chinese. WORK TRANSPORT

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

MONEY GLOBAL POLITICS

CULTURE (TV, MUSIC, FASHION MOVIES, ETC.)

THE ENVIRONMENT LANGUAGES

EDUCATION LIBRARIES

TRANSPORT FACILITIES MEDICINE

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GLOSSARY A accolade - praise and approval amplitude - the maximum extent of a adaptation the act of changing vibration or oscillation, measured something to make it suitable for a from the position of equilibrium new purpose or situation analogue - a person or thing seen as adaptation - the process of changing comparable to another to suit different conditions anchor - present and coordinate (a adopt - choose to take up or follow television or radio programme) (an idea, method, or course of action) announcer someone who introduces advance - a development or programs on radio or television or improvement who reads the text of a radio or advertisements - these finance the television advertisement. purchase price of programs. appeal-to interest or attract someone affiliate - a broadcast station that has appliance - a device or machine in aligned itself with a particular your home that you use to do a job network. such as cleaning or cooking. agreement - a formal decision about Appliances are often electrical. future action which is made by two or appreciate - recognize the full worth more countries, groups, or people of albeit – conjunction though, it is used approval - the belief that someone or to introduce a fact or comment which something is good or acceptable reduces the force or significance of artificial - made or produced by what you have just said. [FORMAL] human beings rather than occurring amplifier - an electronic device for naturally, especially as a copy of increasing the amplitude of electrical something natural signals, used chiefly in sound astonishing- extremely surprising or reproduction impressive

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B CG Operator - creates the titles for bandwidth - the range of frequencies the program using a character used for a particular generator. telecommunications signal, radio Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)- transmission, or computer network. Serves only an extremely small, binary - 1) relating to, composed of, private, predetermined area. or involving two things 2) relating to, coaxial cable - consists of copper using, or denoting a system of wire surrounded by insulation, with numerical notation that has 2 rather an aluminum covering—could be than 10 as a base used to transmit TV, telephone, and bulky – taking up much space; large data signals. and unwieldy coexist - exist at the same time or in C the same place cable - an insulated wire or wires coil - an electrical device consisting of having a protective casing and used a coiled wire, for converting the level for transmitting electricity or of a voltage, producing a magnetic telecommunication signals field, or adding inductance to a circuit camera - a device for recording visual compatible - (of two things) able to images in the form of photographs, exist or occur together without movie film, or video signals problems or conflict; (of a computer, cathode ray tube - a high-vacuum piece of software, etc. tube in which cathode rays produce a competitive - having or displaying a luminous image on a fluorescent strong desire to be more successful screen, used in televisions and than others computer terminals concept - an abstract idea; an idea or cease - come or bring to an end invention to help sell or publicize a celebrity-someone who is famous, commodity especially in the entertainment business

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convention – a large formal meeting disclosure - the action of making new of people who do particular job or or secret information known have a similar interest dominant- having power and convergence- the process or state of influence over others converging, to come from other places dummy - an object designed to to meet in a particular place resemble and serve as a substitute for convert - change the form, character, the real or usual one or function of something E convince - persuade (someone) to do electromagnetic – relating to the something interrelation of electric currents or crude - in a natural or raw state; not fields and magnetic fields yet processed or refined electron beam - a stream of electrons cue - a signal that implies that in a gas or vacuum something specific is to happen. emergence- the process of coming Many times it is a hand signal. into existence or prominence D emit - produce and discharge deadline - the latest time or date by (something, especially gas or which something should be completed radiation) degradation - the process of encoding - converting into a coded something becoming worse or form weaker, or being made worse or end user - the person or organization weaker that uses something rather than an demonstration - an act of showing organization which trades in it that something exists or is true by endowed - to have a particular quality giving proof or evidence or feature detection - when someone notices or enhance - to improve the quality, discovers something amount or strength of something deteriorate - become progressively envision - imagine as a future worse possibility; visualize

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equipment - the necessary items for a fluorescent screen - a transparent particular purpose screen coated with fluorescent evolution - the gradual development material to show images from X-rays of something fraction - a small or tiny part, excessive - more than is necessary, amount, or proportion of something normal, or desirable; immoderate framework - a particular set of rules, exciting - causing great enthusiasm ideas, or beliefs which you use in and eagerness order to deal with problems or to executive Producer – provides the decide what to do funding necessary to produce the frequency - the rate per second of a program. vibration constituting a wave existence - the fact or state of living fuzz - blurred image; a fuzzy picture, or having objective reality image, or sound is unclear and hard to expertise - expert skill or knowledge see or hear in a particular field fuzzy - unclear and hard to see or hear F facilitate - to make possible or easier G feature - a distinctive attribute or gaffer – the lighting director's aspect of something assistant. This person often does the fire - dis propose- put forward (a plan actual hauling of heavy instruments or suggestion) for consideration by up and down ladders. others genre - a style, especially in the arts, flickering - (of light or a source of that involves a particular set of light) shining unsteadily; vary rapidly characteristics in brightness ghost image - a faint secondary floor Manager - the director's "eyes image produced by a fault in an and ears" in the studio. optical system or on a cathode ray screen, e.g. by faulty television

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reception or internal reflection in a interference - the action of mirror or camera interfering or the process of being grid - an electrode placed between the interfered cathode and anode of a thermionic interpret - understand (an action, valve or cathode ray tube, serving to mood, or way of behaving) as having control or modulate the flow of a particular meaning electrons irregular - not even or balanced in H shape or arrangement hire - employ for a short time to do a L particular job latter - near or towards the end of I something image - a visible impression obtained lawsuit - a case in a court of law by a camera, telescope, microscope, which concerns a dispute between two or other device, or displayed on a people or organizations. computer or video screen lens - the light-gathering device of a include - comprise or contain as part camera, typically containing a group of a whole of compound lenses indigenous - naturally existing in a light - the natural agent that place or country rather than arriving stimulates sight and makes things from another place visible inefficient - not achieving maximum lighting Director - decides placement productivity; wasting or failing to of lighting instruments, the make the best use of time or resources appropriate colour of light to use, and inevitably - in a way that cannot be which lamps should be used in the avoided instruments. innovative - featuring new methods; limitation - the act or process of advanced and original controlling or reducing it. install - place or fix (equipment or lineman - a person employed in machinery) in position ready for use laying and maintaining railway track

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loyalty - the quality of staying firm in multiple - numerous and often varied your friendship or support for N someone or something. navigation - the act of directing M something from one place to another magnificent - extremely beautiful or newsroom - is an office in excellent newspaper, radio or television makeup artist - responsible for organization where news reports are applying cosmetics to the talent's face prepared before they are printed or and body, giving them the intended broadcast appearance in front of the camera. O malicious - intended to harm or upset on-air - being broadcast on radio or other people television member - a person, country, or oscilloscope - a device for viewing organization that has joined a group, oscillations by a display on the screen society, or team of a cathode ray tube meteorologist - an expert in or ostensible - appearing or claiming to student of meteorology; a weather be one thing when it is really forecaster something else miracle - a remarkable event or outnumber - be more numerous than development that brings very P welcome consequences pace - the speed or rate at which monochrome - a photograph or something happens or develops picture developed or executed in passersby - a person who is walking black and white or in varying tones of past someone or something. only one colour pavilion - a building or similar motion picture – movie, cinema film structure used for a specific purpose, multicasting - sending (data) across a in particular computer network to several users at perforation – a hole made by boring the same time or piercing

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personality - a famous person, replace - provide a substitute for especially in entertainment, (something that is broken, old, or broadcasting, or sport inoperative) producer - purchases materials and reporter - a person who reports, services in the creation of a finished especially one employed to report program. news or conduct interviews for the production team - includes everyone press or broadcasting media involved in the production. represent - have a particular promotion- activities to advertise signification; stand for something reproduce - produce something very prospering - flourishing physically; similar to (something else) in a grow strong and healthy different medium or context R reputation - the opinion that people range - the area of variation between in general have about someone or upper and lower limits on a particular something, based on past behavior or scale character reception - 1) the process of receiving resolution - the degree of detail broadcast signals 2) the quality of visible in a photographic or television broadcast signals received image record - convert (sound or a revenue - the income that a performance) into a permanent form government or company receives for subsequent reproduction or regularly broadcast rotation - the movement of redaction - the process of editing text something through one complete for publication circle. reliable - consistently good in quality S or performance; able to be trusted Scarce - 1) insufficient for the demand 2) occurring in small numbers or quantities; rare

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schedule - one's day-to-day plans or snow - a mass of flickering white timetable spots on a television or radar screen, scratch - score or mark the surface of caused by interference or a poor (something) with a sharp or pointed signal something object special effects - anything the screenwriter – someone who writes audience sees in a video picture that story for a film didn't really happen the way it appears selenium - the chemical element of on the screen. They alter the reality atomic number 34, a grey crystalline perceived by the viewer. non-metal with semiconducting specific - clearly defined or identified properties spectrum - 1) a band of colours, as shadow mask - a perforated metal seen in a rainbow, produced by screen situated directly behind the separation of the components of light phosphor screen in certain types of by their different degrees of refraction colour television tube, having a according to wavelength 2) the entire pattern of precisely located holes range of wavelengths of through which the electron beams electromagnetic radiation pass so as to strike the correct dots on spinning - turning or whirling round the phosphor screen quickly sharp - distinct in outline or detail; stage - a point, period, or step in a clearly defined process or development sign - authorize (a document or other static - crackling or hissing noises on written or printed material) by a telephone, radio, or other attaching a signature telecommunication system significant - sufficiently great or static - crackling or hissing noises on important to be worthy of attention; a telephone, radio, or other noteworthy telecommunication system sluggish - slow-moving or inactive

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straight - (of a line) lying on the switchover - an instance of changing shortest path between any two of its from one system, method, policy, etc. points to another stream - a continuous flow of liquid, syndication - the process of making a air, or gas studio a room from specified number of program episodes which television programs are available for "lease" to other networks broadcast, or in which they are or individual broadcast stations, after recorded the current network's contract for the subject to - cause or force someone program expires. or something to undergo (a particular T experience or form of treatment, terrible - extremely bad or serious typically an unwelcome or unpleasant tight - limited or restricted one) to attach - join or fasten (something) subscriber - a person who pays to to something else receive or access a service to credit - publicly acknowledge a suffer - experience or be subjected to contributor's role in the production of (something bad or unpleasant) (something published or broadcast) superior - higher in rank, status, or to develop - grow or cause to grow quality a viewer - a person watching and become more mature, advanced, television or a film or elaborate supply - provide with something to erect - create or establish (a theory needed or wanted or system) support - give assistance to, to flicker - shine unsteadily; vary especially financially; give approval, rapidly in brightness comfort, or encouragement to to halt - bring or come to an abrupt switching - the process of cutting stop between cameras to invest - put (money) into financial schemes, shares, property, or a

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commercial venture with the various - different from one another; expectation of achieving a profit of different kinds or sorts to provide - make available for use; viable - capable of working supply successfully; feasible to transmit - broadcast or send out vinyl - synthetic resin or plastic (an electrical signal or a radio or consisting of polyvinyl chloride or a television programme) related polymer, used for wallpapers transceiver - a device that can both and other covering materials and for transmit and receive communications, gramophone records in particular a combined radio visual - a picture, piece of film, or transmitter and receiver display used to illustrate or transcribe - put (thoughts, speech, or accompany data) into written or printed form volume - the amount of space that a transmission - a programme or signal substance or object occupies, or that is that is broadcast or sent out enclosed within a container trust - firm belief in the reliability, W truth, or ability of someone or weaken - make or become weaker in something power, resolve, or physical strength U weatherman - a man who presents unsurpassed- better or greater than weather forecasts at regular times on any other television or radio. V valuable - worth a great deal of money a valuable antique ■ extremely useful or important

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ANSWER KEY LESSON ONE INTRODUCTION TO TELEVISION WORLD

1.2 Match the words with their definitions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. e. h. g. f. a. i. b. j. c. d.

1.4 Choose A, B or C according to the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B. C. A. B. A. B. A.

1.5 Listen to the recording about TV and fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions and suitable words. Television is one of the best inventions the man has ever made. For some people it is difficult to imagine their life without this box. It is known that TV is a great force in the world. Thanks to TV, we are informed about current affairs around the world. Moreover, documentaries, scientific programs discussions on TV enrich our intellect and give possibilities for education. TV also gives us opportunity to see world celebrities, sport matches and even to travel around the world sitting on the sofa. We become cultured people by learning customs, traditions and art of other countries. Furthermore, it helps people to relax after a hard day’s work, so we can then cope better with the next day’s work. Thus, we can say that with great deal of various programs TV is a great power that attracts millions of people to the screens. Nevertheless, tastes differ. There are many people who think that watching TV make people illiterate and can ruin their eyesight. However, nobody makes you watch TV for hours. It is a choice of every person. You can simply switch off your TV-set and be busy with your favourite activities. 1.6 Complete the sentences with prepositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. in in about among from to by at

1.7 Before writing news do the following writing news quiz. Fill in the missing word 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. c. b. c. c. b.

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LESSON TWO THE ORIGIN OF MASS MEDIUM

2.1 Tell to the class what the message of these pictures is and define the main general purposes of these inventions. Possible answer: The main purpose of these items are to provide information and entertain. 2.2Match the data with the inventions given above. 1. 2. 3. 4. c) d) b) a) 2.3 Match the words with their definitions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. i h a b d c k f g e j 2.6 Decide if the statements from the text are true or false? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. true false true false true false true

2.7 Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box and listen to the tape to check your answers. 7. In the late 19th, a number of scientists had made important discoveries that Baird would use in his first version of a television. 8. Henri Becquerel found that light could be changed into electricity and, importantly, Ferdinand Braun had invented the cathode ray tube. 9. Baird demonstrated colour television and a video –recording system that he called “Phonovision” in 1927. 10. In 1928, Baird made the first transatlantic transmission and a year later, he started 30- line mechanical broadcasts. 11. In 1936, the BBC started the world’s first regular high - definition service from Alexandra Palace using Baird system. 12. In 1940, Baird gave a demonstration of a high – definition full color stereo television. 2.8 Choose the correct verb tense. 1. developed / to transmit 4. believe/ went/ had/ 2. was used / started 5. was broadcasted / was/ 3. invented lasted LESSON THREE

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TELEVISION PIONEERS

3.1 Match the inventions and contributors (1-9) with their authors (a- i). 1. mechanical television system j. Paul Nipkow 2. The cathode ray tube or CRT k. Karl Ferdinand Braun 3. Nipkow disc l. Paul Nipkow 4. publicly demonstrated the m. Charles Francis Jenkins transmission of moving images (silhouettes) 5. used a cathode ray tube (CRT) n. Boris Rosing as a receiver. 6. broadcast the first image of a o. John Logie Baird live human face 7. built a television system using p. Kenjiro Takayanagi Nipkow's scanning disc as a transmitter and a cathode ray tube as a receiver 8. described cathode ray tubes as q. Vladimir Zworykin both transmitter and receiver. 9. designed and built the world's a. Philo T. Farnsworth first working all-electronic television system 3.3 Match the words (1-7) with their definitions (a-g). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. c f d a b g e

3.5 Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. False True False False True True False

3.6 Find the synonyms of the following words among underlined words in the text above and write them. branch - subsidiary suggest - offer present- introduce spectator - viewer introductory - inaugural apparatus - equipment

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primarily - initially stop –halt to appear - to emerge decrease -reduce 3.7 Listen to some facts concerning TV and fill in the blank with the appropriate words. 1. In 1927, Baird transmitted a signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow. In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal, between London and New York, and the first shore-to-ship transmission. 2. On December 25, 1925, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a television system with a 40-line resolution that employed a Nipkow disk scanner and CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. 3. From 1967 to 1998, the BBC showed a static image of eight-year-old Carole Hersee with a blackboard and toy clown known as Test Card F whenever a channel was not on-air. The image briefly returned in 2009 for the BBC HD channel. 4. In January 1926 a blurry, Black and white image of a ventriloquist dummy’s face flickered on a screen at inventor John Logie Baird’s workshop in London. It is considered to be the first demonstration of live television. 5. With his new electromechanical TV system, Baird broadcast a live image of the dummy for members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 6. More recently, there has been a change from analog transmissions to digital. The 0’s and 1’s of a digital transmission are as the information stored in a computer, making them more reliable than traditional analogue broadcasts. 3.8 Do some tests according to the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. b a d c a b a b

LESSON FOUR MECHANICAL OR ANALOGUE

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a. Tell to the class what devices these are and match mechanical ones with their electronic generation. calculator, typewriter, printer, radio, TV set 1. 2. 3. 4. d) c) b) a)

4.2 Match the words (1 -10) with their definition (a- j). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c e f g a d b j h i

4.3Skim the text and choose the best title for it. Mechanical television versus electronic television 4.5 Make up words out of jumbled words from the text. A. expiring F. limitation B. demonstration G. mechanical C. resolution H. television D. profit I. broadcast E. visual J. transmit 4.6 Complete these definitions with words from the box. 1. scan 6. broadcast 2. flickering 7. transmit 3. rotate 8. picture 4. image 9. electron beam 5. excessive 10. resolution

4.7 Use Passive voice in appropriate tense. 11. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. 12. Statements are being taken from all the witnesses at this moment. 13. Whales must be protected by an international ban on whaling. 14. Both weddings have been catered by Good Taste. 15. A Picasso was stolen from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 16. Is this washing machine made in Germany? 17. Tea is grown in China. 18. When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights had been cancelled due to the storm. 19. The fax won’t be sent until tomorrow morning. 134

20. The soundtrack of a movie is always added after the filming is finished. 4.7 Listen to the tape about facts in the field of TV and give answers to the questions. 1. In 1643 the French mathematician Bleiz Pascal created the first summing machine, which looked like a box with gears connected together. 2. In 1623 Wilhelm Schickard created the very first primitive mechanical calculator, which he called "counting the clock." He was able to perform four arithmetic operations. 3. In 1964 Sharp introduced the world's first completely transistor diode electronic desktop calculator CS-10A. 4. In 1898, Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge received a patent for the use of certain elements in wireless transmitters or receivers. 5. In 1906, Canadian performed the first broadcast of a radio program in which he personally played the violin and read a short text from the Bible. 6. German physicist H. Hertz discovered the first phenomenon of the photoelectric effect in 1887. 7. In 1907, the physicist B. Rosing theoretically founded the possibility of obtaining an image using an electron-beam tube, which the German physicist C. Brown developed. 8. The scientist-engineer P.Nipkov invented a disk by which the image was converted into electrical impulses. 9. At the same time, thanks to the Nipkov disk, in 1925 Swedish engineer J. Baird, for the first time managed to transmit recognizable human faces. Later, the first television system appeared that could transmit moving images. 10. Henry Mill developed the first typewriter three hundred years ago in 1714 and he even received a patent for an invention from the English queen. LESSON FIVE COLOUR TELEVISION

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5.1 Can you tell exact years when people watched and are watching these TV sets? a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) 1980 1990 2000 2010 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970

5.2 Match the words (1-8) with their definitions (a-h). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. d f g a h b c e 5.3 Listen about the HISTORY OF COLOUR TELEVISION and answer the questions.

Today, I have visited a department of TV studio systems and applications in TUIT named after Mukhammad al - Kwarazmiy in order to know about history of color TV. Now, the chief of this department Bazarbayev Botir Joldashovich is here to speak about it. Well, colour television history goes back to 1904, when a German patent contained the earliest recorded proposal for a colour television system. Moreover, in 1925, Vladimir K. Zworykin, a Russian inventor, filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic colour television system. Both of these systems were not successful. However, they were the first for colour television. Between 1946 and 1950, the research staff of RCA Laboratories invented the world's first electronic, monochrome compatible, colour television system. A successful colour television system began commercial broadcasting, first authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 17, 1953, based on a system designed by RCA. In 1940, prior to RCA, CBS researchers led by Peter Goldmark invented a mechanical colour television system based on the 1928 designs of John Logie Baird. CBS had begun colour broadcasting on five east coast stations in June of 1951. However, at that time 10.5 million black-and-white televisions (half RCA sets) had been sold to the public and very few colour sets. Colour television production was halted during the Korean War, with that and the lawsuits, and the sluggish sales, the CBS system failed. Those facts provided RCA with the time to design a better colour television, which they based on the 1947 patent application of Alfred Schroeder, for a shadow mask CRT. Their system passed FCC approval in late 1953 and sales of RCA colour televisions began in 1954. 5.4 Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box in appropriate tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. preserved began made visited gave recorded 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. broadcast created upgraded converted were

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a. Choose the correct form of the pronouns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. her I his us him/ his their his mine/his we/ our/ your/ us ours

5.6 Fill in with the appropriate pronouns in the box. 1. which their 2. that 3. who his nothing 4. that LESSON SIX ANALOGUE VS DIGITAL 6.2 Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a- g) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. d e g a b h c f j i

6.4 Decide if the sentences are True, False or Not given. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. False True True False NG

6.5 Find the synonyms of the following words in the text. 1. imperfect – faulty 6. binary - digital 2. amplitude – magnitude 7. frequency range - bandwidth 3. transmit – convey 8. change - convert 4. antenna –aerial 9. bulky - large and heavy 5. valuable – useful 10. broadcast - transmission 6.6 Listen to the interview with expert Davron Hakimov about properties of analogue TV and fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box. ⎯ Good morning Mr. Hakimov, as we know you are one of the experts who work in the field of television signals can you tell us what is analogue television? ⎯ Well, analog TVs transmit audio and video signals over the airwaves in a manner similar to a radio signal. Each station has a single frequency over which to broadcast its analog television signal. ⎯ Thank you for the answer. So, my next question is about features of analogue TV? What can you say about it? ⎯ So, like radio signals, an analog TV signal can experience interference with their frequencies. This can cause static, snow, or ghosting on a channel. It

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can also cause fluctuations in colour, brightness, and sound quality. Analog signals on the other hand are transmitted in 4:3 aspect ratio Meaning the picture is 4 units wide for every 3 units of height. ⎯ Well, when was this signal used for the first time? ⎯ Actually, when the first television broadcasts hit the airwaves in the 1920’s, television shows were transmitted using an analog signal. However, in 1996, a new technology was invented that would change the way TV signals were transmitted through the air with a digital signal. 6.7 Do a puzzle below find the hidden words used in the text. Words are given horizontally and in order. Hidden word -DIGITAL 1. becoming worse or weaker - degradation 2. advanced and original - innovative 3. a period in a process - stage 4. the system that expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1 - binary 5. a band of colours - spectrum 6. a continuous flow of liquid, air, or gas - stream 7. a set of data sent across a computer network to many users at the same time – multicast 6.8 Read the text about features of digital television and fill in the gaps with the words in the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. noise resolution ghosting services bandwidth transmit definition 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. tuner analogue programs plugging surf remote advantage

LESSON SEVEN WHAT IS ON TODAY? 7.1 Look at the pictures and chose appropriate names for TV programs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sport Game News Kids/children’s Life style Makeover show

7.2 Match TV programs’ names with their meanings. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. e g h i a k b 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. c d n f m l j

7.3 Listen to the tape and answer the questions. 138

⎯ So, what do you want to watch on TV tonight? ⎯ Well, what’s on? ⎯ Mm, there is reality show “Sahro” at 8.00 on channel “Sevimli”. ⎯ You know I don’t like reality shows. I mean, they usually show people doing crazy things like, you know, eating live fish or swimming in a pool full of snakes. I don't get into that. Are there any other interesting and useful programs concerning healthy lifestyle or healthy food? ⎯ Well, what about watching “Oydin hayot” on channel Uzbekistan which is on right now. I think, today’s program will be very interesting. ⎯ You know, I have changed my mind, let’s watch a movie with popcorn. ⎯ That sounds great. In that case shall we watch Uzbek, American, Russian or Indian film? ⎯ Let’s watch Uzbek film. What is on now? ⎯ Mm, let me watch a TV guide. There is a film “Novda” at 9.00 on channel My5. Have you ever watched it? ⎯ I think, I haven’t. Let’s watch it. Turn it on and I’ll bring popcorn. ⎯ Ok with pleasure.

7.7 Match the words with their definitions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. c e d a f b

7.8 Complete these definitions with words from the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. record patent bulky flicker broadcast television

7.9 Choose the correct form of the verbs. 1. known 6. use 2. began 7. was invented 3. entered 8. made 4. was developed 9. invented 5. aired 10. shaped LESSON EIGHT COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN TELEVISION

8.1 Can you tell what computer technologies are used in these TV? 1. Gesture Recognition Technology

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2. 3D-ready TV 3. 3dtv 8.2 Match the words (1-10) and their definitions (a-j). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. e g a b h c d f j i

8.4 Decide if the statements are true, false or not given according to the text.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. T T F NG T

8.5 Fill in the gaps with appropriate words in the box and listen to check your answers. Users can use simple gestures to control or interact with devices without physically touching them. ArcSoft gesture technology supports single lens devices including HD cameras, as well as multiple lens devices and depth cameras. Using depth cameras or multiple lens devices, depth can be analyzed in order to more accurately detect and support an even broader range of hand gestures. Hand gesture technology makes users’ lives simpler, achieving “hands free” interaction through eliminating the need to hold or press the device. Applications for hand gesture technology include scrolling or shifting between screens on a tablet device with simple hand gestures, and changing the channel or adjusting the volume on a TV without the use of a remote Users can even use hand gestures to browse through content while viewing images or videos on their computers or large- screen devices. Using depth cameras, ArcSoft 3D hand gesture recognition technology can not only achieve 3D imaging of the human hand, but also recognize and track hand gestures. With accurate depth information provided by this technology, users are able to interact with machines in a more natural manner. Our 3D technology is used to naturally control TV and other smart home devices while also providing natural interaction to VR and AR devices. LESSON NINE SMART TELEVISION

9.1 Do a knowledge quiz about Smart TV features. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a a b a c

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9.2 Match the words (1- 8) with the appropriate definitions (a-h). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. h g f e c d b a a. Listen to features of smart TV and decide if the given statements are True, False, or Not Given (NG)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. NG F F T F NG F

1. Internet Browsing Internet browsing is the feature that makes the Smart TV very popular. Whatever you can do on internet in your PC, same thing you can do it in Smart Phone. Some web popular web applications are already inbuilt in Smart TV (like Facebook, YouTube, and Games etc.) so that you can us enjoy them whenever you want. 2. Motion Control Some Smart TV has inbuilt motion control features. You can play games and select different apps just moving your hand on the TV screen. 3. Voice Control Some Smart TV has inbuilt voice control features. You can control all TV functions by speaking into the built-in microphone on the Smart Touch Remote Control. 4. Online Streaming You can watch your favorite videos, movies, and music in a Smart phone using the internet connection. 5. Inbuilt Webcam Smart TV has an inbuilt webcam, which helps you for motion detection for some game and other inbuilt applications. In addition, you can make Video calls using some web applications (like Skype, GTalk etc) with help of the webcam. 6. Inbuilt Wi-Fi Smart TV has the inbuilt Wi-Fi feature. So that you can search available Wi-Fi near your TV set and connect to the Wi-Fi for internet browsing. 7. Smart TV Apps and Games Some inbuilt games are installed in the Smart TV. In addition, you can find some motion control games in your Smart TV. No need to touch your TV remote or the TV set. You can just move your hand on the screen as per the instructions and enjoy the game. 8. Download and Develop Smart TV Apps Some Smart TV platforms provide public SDK and NDK for third-party developers, so that they can develop applications for it. In addition, they provide online app store for end-users, so that 141

end users can install and uninstall apps in their Smart TV just like your Smart Phones and PC.

9.6 Choose the right modal verb from the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. need mustn’t must might have to 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. must allowed to could shouldn’t may

LESSON TEN TELEVISION OF NEW GENERATION 10.1 What types of TV displays are they? 1. 2. 3. 4. LCD LED Plasma Ultra 4k smart

10.2 Match the types of TV displays with their meaning. 1. 2. 3. 4. c d a b

10.4 Do a memory check test. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. b c a a c b a 10.5 Paraphrase the sentences using complex object and translate them into your mother tongue. 1. They consider him to be an expert in our industry. 2. The policeman noticed the bike disappear in the forest. 3. Elvis doesn’t let his son watch horror films. 4. The little girl would like her mum to buy a doll. 5. I felt somebody watching me.

LESSON ELEVEN TELEVISION DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

11.1 Look at the logos of the channels and answer the questions? 142

Governmental channels: Dunyo bo’ylab, Mahalla, Oilaviy and Bolajon others are non-governmental channels.

11.2 Do a quiz concerning TV in Uzbekistan. Choose the right options. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. a b c a d a b c 11.5 Decide if the statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. False True True False True Not True Not given given

11.6 Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a - j). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c d a b g j e i h f a. Listen to the tape about HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN UZBEKISTAN given by the senior teacher of TSA department of TUIT named after Muhammad al- Kwarizmi Sherzod Khasanov and put the words from the box in the blanks according to their meaning 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. electronic device inventor education telescope 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. television televised successfully a patent scientific

One of the first electronic camera tubes was developed in Uzbekistan in 1928. Boris Grabovsky, Viktor Popov, Nikolay Piskunov, and Ivan Belyansky, began working on an all- electronic television system, which they named "Telephot". Popov and Piskunov stopped working on the device and went back to teaching, while Grabovsky and Belyansky continued to work on television. Apparently, Grabovsky was the primary inventor Boris Grabovsky was born on May 26, 1901 in Tobolsk, Tyuman Oblask, Russia. After the death of his farther, Pavel Grabovsky, the family moved to Odessa, then to Kahrkov. In 1917, they had to move to Central Asia, to Kyrgyz, in the village of Tokmak. He started his education in Tashkent special school. Then he joined the faculty of the Central 143

Asian University in Tashkent where he worked with Prof. G. Popov. At the university, he read articles by Boris Rosing in the field of electronic telescope. While at the university they built a device they called a “cathode commutator”. The device had all the major elements of the modern television system: the camera tube had a double-side photo layer and electrostatic deflection of an electron beam. The tests with the device were carried out in the summer 1928 at the house where the inventors lived with their families, which is where the present Tashkent TV center is located. The tests were sometime successful, and sometimes not. They televised a moving hand, and on June 28, 1928, they televised the faces of Belyansky and Grabovsky's wife Lidiya. On August 4, they set up the camera and a transmitter at a location outside, and set up a receiver about 500 meters away. They then successfully televised a tram moving along Navoi Street. They issued a patent on July 30, 1928, which read: “The author of the device to transmit mobile picture at a distance is the citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.” If Grabovsky did make a camera tube in 1928, his accomplishment should be recognized along with Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin. 11.8 Match the meaning of phrasal verbs with the verb TO SEE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. about into off out to through in

11.9 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs given in 11.8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. to out off in about through into LESSON TWELVE CAREERS ON TV

12.1 WHAT ARE THEY? Look at the photos and choose the occupation of these people on TV given in the box.

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1. 2. 3. 4. news anchor reporter broadcast camera operator meteorologist 12.2 Complete these definitions with jobs in the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. An anchor A broadcaster A celebrity A commentator A front man chef 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A grip A narrator A panel A sound A weatherman engineer

12.3 Listen to six speakers and find their job given in the box. Speaker 1. Executive producer - is someone who enables and supervises the making of a commercial entertainment product, and oversees one or more producers and their work on the production. There are three main areas that executive producers work in: motion pictures, television, and music. Speaker 2. CG Operator - Creates the titles for the program using a character generator. Speaker 3. A floor manager or floor director is a member of the crew of a television show. The floor manager is responsible for giving information from the director in the control room, to the crew on the studio floor, and then back to the director. The director's "eyes and ears" in the studio. Speaker 4. A Lighting Director - Decides placement of lighting instruments, the appropriate colour of light to use, and which lamps should be used in the instruments. Speaker 5. Gaffer is the lighting director's assistant. This person often does the actual hauling of heavy instruments up and down ladders. Speaker 6. Makeup Artist - Responsible for applying cosmetics to the talent's face and body, giving them the intended appearance in front of the camera. 12.9 Do the tests according to the info to check your memory. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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d b c a d 12.8 Write the jumbled words in order to make a sentence.

1. In 1884 German student, Paul Nipkow invents a rotating disc. 2. In1888 German physicist Heinrich Hertz demonstrates how to make radio waves. 3. Sir Oliver Lodge a British physicist successfully transmits a message by radio from one room of a building to another in 1894. 4. In 1922 American electronics engineer, Philo Farnsworth gets the idea for a TV scanning system. 5. In 1923 Russian physicist and electronics engineer Vladimir Zworykin files US Patent for a TV system that uses cathode-ray tubes. 6. In 1924 Scottish inventor, John Logie Baird uses a Nipkow disc to transmit a flickering TV image. 7. In 1925, Baird makes the first public demonstration of crudely scanned television images at London's Selfridges department store. 8. Farnsworth files US Patent for his image dissector, the world's first proper TV camera in 1927. 12.9 Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. radio waves fuse invisible transmitter film 6. 7. 8. 9. picture grid flicker lens

LESSON THIRTEEN CINEMATOGRAPHY WORLD

13.1 Looking at the pictures try to guess the name of Film Awards.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The Golden Palme Bafta Nika Golden Golden Golden Oscars Lion d’or Globe Bear Leopard

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13.2 Listen to eight speakers describing film awards given in the box and define which award they are speaking about.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. e h a g c d b f Speaker 1. - Oscars are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry. Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The official name of the prize is the Academy Award of Merit and it was first

presented in 1929. The statuette depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style. The sculpture was created by George Stanley. Speaker 2 -The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes. Speaker 3 - Palme d’Or The Cannes International Film Festival This is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was introduced in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee. Speaker 4 -BAFTA The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honor the best British and international contributions to film. These awards are the British equivalent of the Academy Awards. Speaker 5 - The Nika This Award is the main annual national film award in Russia presented by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Science. It was established in 1987 in Moscow by Yuli Gusman, and ostensibly modelled on the Oscars. The Russian Academy Award takes its name from Nike, the goddess of victory. Speaker 6- The Golden Globe These Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The

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annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a major part of the film industry's awards season, which culminates each year in the Academy Awards.

Speaker 7 -The Golden Leopard This is the top prize at the Locarno International Film Festival an international film festival held annually in Locarno Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named to this one in 1968. Speaker 8 - The Golden Bear is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival. The symbol of the awards is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin The winners of the first Berlin International Film Festival in 1951 were determined by a German panel, and there were five winners of this award, divided by categories and genres. 13.4 Skim the text and find synonyms among underlined words from the text to

1. Widespread universal 2. Amend improved 3. Native homegrown 4. Profit revenue 5. Local indigenous 6. Yearly annually 7. Fascinating intriguing 8. Encourage inspired 9. Prevalent dominated 10. Prospect improved 11. Cinematography Film industry 12. Request appeal the words given in the table. 13.6 Choose appropriate form of adjectives according to the context. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. better a wider more bigger better newer more more

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advanced responsible

LESSON FOURTEEN YOUTH & TELEVISION

14.1 What kind of national TV programs are shown below? Can you name them?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Markaziy Omadli taxi Cover up Davr Bizning Zakovat studiya on MY5 on Zo’r TV on Yoshlar fahrimiz on channel on MY5 channel channel channel on Sevimli Milliy channel channel

14.4 Find the words from the text according to their meaning. 1. gradation - a scale or series of successive changes, stages, or degrees 2. interactive - involving communication between people 3. beneficial - resulting in good; favourable or advantageous 4. imaginative - having or showing creativity or inventiveness 5. catalyst - a person or thing that precipitates an event 6. improve - make or become better 7. precious - of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly 8. munching - eating (something) steadily and often audibly 9. viewing - the action of watching something on television 10. violent - using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something

14.5 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate articles. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. no no -, -, -, -, -, - the, the -, the, the no article article the, , the the article the, the 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. no the, the no the, the the, the a no the, - article article article the, the

LESSON FIFTEEN FUTURE TRENDS OF TELEVISION 15.1 Look at the pictures and guess names of new generation TVs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 149

Bendable Smart Holographic TV Smart TVs with OLED TV TV Voice, Hand Gesture Recognition Functions

15.2 Read the predictions for TV in 2025. Do you agree to them? Prove your answers. Compare your statements with experts’ ones. Predictions Yes 1. Television will ✓ Free to air television networks will be less become a secondary medium, like radio, dominant. increasingly reliant upon relaying live events that can attract a national audience, as other modes of digital distribution displace the broadcast provision of pre-recorded programming. informitv.com 2. Fiber-optic ✓ Cable television operators will migrate to networks will internet protocols and extend their fibre-optic reach the home. networks to the premises, forcing other telecommunications companies to compete, offering access to a virtually unlimited range of audiovisual media, delivered in real-time or faster, without delays or interruptions. informitv.com 3. Everyone Will ✓ In 2014, Hunt said, about 100 million Own A Smart internet-connected TV will sold–or about one TV. for every three homes with broadband internet. And by the year 2025, he told his audience, everyone will own a smart TV. 4. Channels Go ✓ Most viewers will watch customized, on- Away. demand streams, or they will access unlimited content from available libraries using powerful search/recommendation engines. As consumers increasingly “time-shift” their TV viewing (watching what they want, when they want), traditional channels have less mindshare and brand awareness. 5. Global releases ✓ Major movies and premium programmes will reduce will be distributed simultaneously worldwide piracy. to reduce piracy and regionally localised global events will be funded by sponsorship and subscription. (http://informitv.com) 6. Kiss the ✓ Consumers will use natural language, 150

Remote gestures, and adjunct devices such as Goodbye. smartphones and iPads to interact with their TVs as easily as they do with another person. Several companies, including Verizon and Comcast, are already providing software that enables consumers to control their TVs using their iPads or smartphones. 7. Interactive ✓ Companies such as Facebook, Google Television and Microsoft all are developing virtual reality. Screens. Within the next 10 years, traditional television screens are likely to make way for variations of virtual reality eyewear. Evidence of this is already available in Google's development and subsequent abandoning of Google Glass as well as Samsung's foray into wearable accessories that help turn phones into virtual reality machines. Experts expect this trend to continue to expand to encompass TV capabilities and accessories, much like 3D TVs are doing today. (www.investopedia.com) 8. People will pay ✓ While increasingly sophisticated to avoid targeting of commercial messages will make adverts. them more relevant and more acceptable, people will pay a premium for subscription services that are uninterrupted by intrusive adverts.

15.3 Work in pairs. Find the underlined words in the text according to their meanings. 1. amalgamating 6. nascent 2. to blur 7. To trail 3. smooth 8. Frontrunner 4. pave way for 9. Anticipate 5. niche 10. encapsulate 15.4 Read the text and match six trends of TV in the box with the passage. 1. Holographic TV 2. Data Analytics 3. Virtual Reality

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4. Virtualization 5. Immersive and Interactive Experience-Augmented Reality 6. Humanoids, AI (artificial intelligence) comes to Television Broadcasting

15.5 Listen to the descriptions of new generation TV displays (a- f). Match a display which each speaker talks about. 1. F. OLED 2. C. Bendable Displays 3. E. Foldable Smartphones 4. D. Haptic Touch Screens 5. B. Outdoor 3D Screens 6. A. Holographic Displays

Speaker 1 These displays can produce unbelievably high-resolution images on screens. Screens that are thinner and more energy efficient than ever before. That is why today they are the latest thing in high-end big screen TVs. Speaker 2 This is another attractive quality of OLED display technologies. It's flexibility Slight curves and wrap around edges in displays for certain types of products can be beneficial to the size and durability of the screen. Speaker 3 In 2014 Canada's Human Media Lab has introduced a variation on the bendy display in this form. Although the prototype still needs quite a lot of work done to it, we can see the fascinating possibilities. Samsung is supposedly introducing the first of it in 2016. Speaker 4 One of the biggest changes for display technologies - and possibly the most significant shift - is the superior rise of touch screens. The last couple of years we have seen a gigantic invasion of touch screens used in smartphones and tablets. You can probably not imagine that as little as 10 years ago, touch screens were consigned to museum kiosks and ATM machines. Speaker 5 There are the really big developments in display technologies. Not just monumental, but actually BIG. In January of 2015, the Vienna University of

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Technology in Austria released details about a display technology for jumbotron screens, enormous 3D billboards. This display technology is based on 3D pixels. Speaker 6 Science fiction movies have given us the outstanding idea of these images. We all remember Princess Leia telling Obi Wan that he is indeed her only hope. This is something that speaks to our imagination. It opens a whole new box of marketing and technology options. (http://www.sky-technology.eu) 15.6 Work in pairs. Fill in the gaps with appropriate quantifiers in these English prepositions and find their equivalents in your mother tongue. 1. All is well that ends well. 2. So many men, so many minds. 3. Much ado about nothing. 4. Much will have more. 5. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 6. Too much of a good thing is good for nothing. 7. All that glitters is not gold. 8. Patience is a plaster for all sores. 9. Politeness costs little, but yields much. 10. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy 11. No news is good news. 12. Many a true word is spoken in jest.

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TAPE SCRIPTS LESSON 1. T.1.5 Television is one of the best inventions the man has ever made. For some people it is difficult to imagine their life without this box. It is known that TV is a great force in the world. Thanks to TV, we are informed about current affairs around the world. Moreover, documentaries, scientific programs discussions on TV enrich our intellect and give possibilities for education. TV also gives us opportunity to see world celebrities, sport matches and even to travel around the world sitting on the sofa. We become cultured people by learning customs, traditions and art of other countries. Furthermore, it helps people to relax after a hard day’s work, so we can then cope better with the next day’s work. Thus, we can say that with great deal of various programs TV is a great power that attracts millions of people to the screens. Nevertheless, tastes differ. There are many people who think that watching TV make people illiterate and can ruin their eyesight. However, nobody makes you watch TV for hours. It is a choice of every person. You can simply switch off your TV-set and be busy with your favourite activities. LESSON 2. T.2.7 1. In the late 19th, a number of scientists had made important discoveries that Baird would use in his first version of a television. 2. Henri Becquerel found that light could be changed into electricity and, importantly, Ferdinand Braun had invented the cathode ray tube. 3. Baird demonstrated colour television and a video –recording system that he called “Phonovision” in 1927. 4. In 1928, Baird made the first transatlantic transmission and a year later, he started 30- line mechanical broadcasts.

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5. In 1936, the BBC started the world’s first regular high - definition service from Alexandra Palace using Baird system. 6. In 1940, Baird gave a demonstration of a high – definition full color stereo television. LESSON 3 T.3.7 1. In 1927, Baird transmitted a signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow. In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal, between London and New York, and the first shore-to-ship transmission. 2. On December 25, 1925, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a television system with a 40-line resolution that employed a Nipkow disk scanner and CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. 3. From 1967 to 1998, the BBC showed a static image of eight-year-old Carole Hersee with a blackboard and toy clown known as Test Card F whenever a channel was not on-air. The image briefly returned in 2009 for the BBC HD channel. 4. In January 1926 a blurry, Black and white image of a ventriloquist dummy’s face flickered on a screen at inventor John Logie Baird’s workshop in London. It is considered to be the first demonstration of live television. 5. With his new electromechanical TV system, Baird broadcast a live image of the dummy for members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 6. More recently, there has been a change from analog transmissions to digital. The 0’s and 1’s of a digital transmission are as the information stored in a computer, making them more reliable than traditional analogue broadcasts. LESSON 4. T.4.8

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1. In 1643 the French mathematician Bleiz Pascal created the first summing machine, which looked like a box with gears connected together. 2. In 1623 Wilhelm Schickard created the very first primitive mechanical calculator, which he called "counting the clock." He was able to perform four arithmetic operations. 3. In 1964 Sharp introduced the world's first completely transistor diode electronic desktop calculator CS-10A. 4. In 1898, Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge received a patent for the use of certain elements in wireless transmitters or receivers. 5. In 1906, Canadian Reginald Fessenden performed the first broadcast of a radio program in which he personally played the violin and read a short text from the Bible. 6. German physicist H. Hertz discovered the first phenomenon of the photoelectric effect in 1887. 7. In 1907, the physicist B. Rosing theoretically founded the possibility of obtaining an image using an electron-beam tube, which the German physicist C. Brown developed. 8. The scientist-engineer P.Nipkov invented a disk by which the image was converted into electrical impulses. 9. At the same time, thanks to the Nipkov disk, in 1925 Swedish engineer J. Baird, for the first time managed to transmit recognizable human faces. Later, the first television system appeared that could transmit moving images. 10. Henry Mill developed the first typewriter three hundred years ago in 1714 and he even received a patent for an invention from the English queen. LESSON 5 T.5.3 Today, I have visited a department of TV studio systems and applications in TUIT named after Mukhammad al - Kwarazmiy in order to know about history

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of color TV. Now, the cheif of this department Bazarbayev Botir Joldashovich is here to speak about it. Well, colour television history goes back to 1904, when a German patent contained the earliest recorded proposal for a colour television system. Moreover, in 1925, Vladimir K. Zworykin, a Russian inventor, filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic colour television system. Both of these systems were not successful. However, they were the first for colour television. Between 1946 and 1950, the research staff of RCA Laboratories invented the world's first electronic, monochrome compatible, colour television system. A successful colour television system began commercial broadcasting, first authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 17, 1953, based on a system designed by RCA. In 1940, prior to RCA, CBS researchers led by Peter Goldmark invented a mechanical colour television system based on the 1928 designs of John Logie Baird. CBS had begun colour broadcasting on five east coast stations in June of 1951. However, at that time 10.5 million black-and-white televisions (half RCA sets) had been sold to the public and very few colour sets. Colour television production was halted during the Korean War, with that and the lawsuits, and the sluggish sales, the CBS system failed. LESSON 6 T.6.6 ⎯ Good morning Mr. Hakimov, as we know you are one of the experts who work in the field of television signals can you tell us what is analogue television? ⎯ Well, analog TVs transmit audio and video signals over the airwaves in a manner similar to a radio signal. Each station has a single frequency over which to broadcast its analog television signal. ⎯ Thank you for the answer. So, my next question is about features of analogue TV? What can you say about it?

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⎯ So, like radio signals, an analog TV signal can experience interference with their frequencies. This can cause static, snow, or ghosting on a channel. It can also cause fluctuations in colour, brightness, and sound quality. Analog signals on the other hand are transmitted in 4:3 aspect ratio Meaning the picture is 4 units wide for every 3 units of height. ⎯ Well, when was this signal used for the first time? ⎯ Actually, when the first television broadcasts hit the airwaves in the 1920’s, television shows were transmitted using an analog signal. However, in 1996, a new technology was invented that would change the way TV signals were transmitted through the air with a digital signal. LESSON 7 T.7.3 ⎯ So, what do you want to watch on TV tonight? ⎯ Well, what’s on? ⎯ Mmm, there is reality show “Sahro” at 8.00 on channel “Sevimli”. ⎯ You know I don’t like reality shows. I mean, they usually show people doing crazy things like, you know, eating live fish or swimming in a pool full of snakes. I don't get into that. Are there any other interesting and useful programs concerning healthy lifestyle or healthy food? ⎯ Well, what about watching “Oydin hayot” on channel Uzbekistan which is on right now. I think, today’s program will be very interesting. ⎯ You know, I have changed my mind, let’s watch a movie with popcorn. ⎯ That sounds great. In that case shall we watch Uzbek, American, Russian or Indian film? ⎯ Let’s watch Uzbek film. What is on now? ⎯ Mmm, let me watch a TV guide. There is a film “Novda” at 9.00 on channel My5. Have you ever watched it? ⎯ I think, I haven’t. Let’s watch it. Turn it on and I’ll bring popcorn.

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⎯ Ok with pleasure. LESSON 8 T.8.5 Users can use simple gestures to control or interact with devices without physically touching them. ArcSoft gesture technology supports single lens devices including HD cameras, as well as multiple lens devices and depth cameras. Using depth cameras or multiple lens devices, depth can be analyzed in order to more accurately detect and support an even broader range of hand gestures. Hand gesture technology makes users’ lives simpler, achieving “hands free” interaction through eliminating the need to hold or press the device. Applications for hand gesture technology include scrolling or shifting between screens on a tablet device with simple hand gestures, and changing the channel or adjusting the volume on a TV without the use of a remote Users can even use hand gestures to browse through content while viewing images or videos on their computers or large- screen devices. Using depth cameras, ArcSoft 3D hand gesture recognition technology can not only achieve 3D imaging of the human hand, but also recognize and track hand gestures. With accurate depth information provided by this technology, users are able to interact with machines in a more natural manner. Our 3D technology is used to naturally control TV and other smart home devices while also providing natural interaction to VR and AR devices. LESSON 9 T.9.5 1. Internet Browsing Internet browsing is the feature that makes the Smart TV very popular. Whatever you can do on internet in your PC, same thing you can do it in Smart Phone. Some web popular web applications are already inbuilt in Smart TV (like Facebook, YouTube, and Games etc.) so that you can us enjoy them whenever you want.

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2. Motion Control Some Smart TV has inbuilt motion control features. You can play games and select different apps just moving your hand on the TV screen. 3. Voice Control Some Smart TV has inbuilt voice control features. You can control all TV functions by speaking into the built-in microphone on the Smart Touch Remote Control. 4. Online Streaming You can watch your favorite videos, movies, and music in a Smart phone using the internet connection. 5. Inbuilt Webcam Smart TV has an inbuilt webcam, which helps you for motion detection for some game and other inbuilt applications. In addition, you can make Video calls using some web applications (like Skype, GTalk etc) with help of the webcam. 6. Inbuilt Wi-Fi Smart TV has the inbuilt Wi-Fi feature. So that you can search available Wi-Fi near your TV set and connect to the Wi-Fi for internet browsing. 7. Smart TV Apps and Games Some inbuilt games are installed in the Smart TV. In addition, you can find some motion control games in your Smart TV. No need to touch your TV remote or the TV set. You can just move your hand on the screen as per the instructions and enjoy the game. 8. Download and Develop Smart TV Apps Some Smart TV platforms provide public SDK and NDK for third-party developers, so that they can develop applications for it. In addition, they provide online app store for end-users, so that end users can install and uninstall apps in their Smart TV just like your Smart Phones and PC. LESSON 11. T.11.7 One of the first electronic camera tubes was developed in Uzbekistan in 1928. Boris Grabovsky, Viktor Popov, Nikolay Piskunov, and Ivan Belyansky, began working on an all- electronic television system, which they named 160

"Telephot". Popov and Piskunov stopped working on the device and went back to teaching, while Grabovsky and Belyansky continued to work on television. Apparently, Grabovsky was the primary inventor Boris Grabovsky was born on May 26, 1901 in Tobolsk, Tyuman Oblask, Russia. After the death of his farther, Pavel Grabovsky, the family moved to Odessa, then to Kahrkov. In 1917, they had to move to Central Asia, to Kyrgyz, in the village of Tokmak. He started his education in Tashkent special school. Then he joined the faculty of the Central Asian University in Tashkent where he worked with Prof. G. Popov. At the university, he read articles by Boris Rosing in the field of electronic telescope. While at the university they built a device they called a “cathode commutator”. The device had all the major elements of the modern television system: the camera tube had a double-side photo layer and electrostatic deflection of an electron beam. The tests with the device were carried out in the summer 1928 at the house where the inventors lived with their families, which is where the present Tashkent TV center is located. The tests were sometime successful, and sometimes not. They televised a moving hand, and on June 28, 1928, they televised the faces of Belyansky and Grabovsky's wife Lidiya. On August 4, they set up the camera and a transmitter at a location outside, and set up a receiver about 500 meters away. They then successfully televised a tram moving along Navoi Street. They issued a patent on July 30, 1928, which read: “The author of the device to transmit mobile picture at a distance is the citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.” If Grabovsky did make a camera tube in 1928, his accomplishment should be recognized along with Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin. LESSON 12 T.12.3 Speaker 1. Executive producer - is someone who enables and supervises the making of a commercial entertainment product, and oversees one or more 161

producers and their work on the production. There are three main areas that executive producers work in: motion pictures, television, and music. Speaker 2. CG Operator - Creates the titles for the program using a character generator. Speaker 3. A floor manager or floor director is a member of the crew of a television show. The floor manager is responsible for giving information from the director in the control room, to the crew on the studio floor, and then back to the director. The director's "eyes and ears" in the studio. Speaker 4. A Lighting Director - Decides placement of lighting instruments, the appropriate colour of light to use, and which lamps should be used in the instruments. Speaker 5. Gaffer is the lighting director's assistant. This person often does the actual hauling of heavy instruments up and down ladders. Speaker 6. Makeup Artist - Responsible for applying cosmetics to the talent's face and body, giving them the intended appearance in front of the camera. LESSON 13. 13.2 Speaker 1. - Oscars are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry. Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The official name of the prize is the Academy Award of Merit and it was first

presented in 1929. The statuette depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style. The sculpture was created by George Stanley. Speaker 2 -The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes.

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Speaker 3 - Palme d’Or The Cannes International Film Festival This is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was introduced in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee. Speaker 4 -BAFTA The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honor the best British and international contributions to film. These awards are the British equivalent of the Academy Awards. Speaker 5 - The Nika This Award is the main annual national film award in Russia presented by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Science. It was established in 1987 in Moscow by Yuli Gusman, and ostensibly modelled on the Oscars. The Russian Academy Award takes its name from Nike, the goddess of victory. Speaker 6- The Golden Globe These Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a major part of the film industry's awards season, which culminates each year in the Academy Awards. Speaker 7 -The Golden Leopard This is the top prize at the Locarno International Film Festival an international film festival held annually in Locarno Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named to this one in 1968. Speaker 8 - The Golden Bear is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival. The symbol of the awards is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin The winners of the first Berlin International Film Festival in 1951 were determined by a German panel, and there were five winners of this award, divided by categories and genres.

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LESSON 15 15.5 Speaker 1 These displays can produce unbelievably high-resolution images on screens. Screens that are thinner and more energy efficient than ever before. That is why today they are the latest thing in high-end big screen TVs. Speaker 2 This is another attractive quality of OLED display technologies. It's flexibility Slight curves and wrap around edges in displays for certain types of products can be beneficial to the size and durability of the screen. Speaker 3 In 2014 Canada's Human Media Lab has introduced a variation on the bendy display in this form. Although the prototype still needs quite a lot of work done to it, we can see the fascinating possibilities. Samsung is supposedly introducing the first of it in 2016. Speaker 4 One of the biggest changes for display technologies - and possibly the most significant shift - is the superior rise of touch screens. The last couple of years we have seen a gigantic invasion of touch screens used in smartphones and tablets. You can probably not imagine that as little as 10 years ago, touch screens were consigned to museum kiosks and ATM machines. Speaker 5 There are the really big developments in display technologies. Not just monumental, but actually BIG. In January of 2015, the Vienna University of Technology in Austria released details about a display technology for jumbotron screens, enormous 3D billboards. This display technology is based on 3D pixels. Speaker 6 Science fiction movies have given us the outstanding idea of these images. We all remember Princess Leia telling Obi Wan that he is indeed her only hope. This is something that speaks to our imagination. It opens a whole new box of marketing and technology options. (http://www.sky-technology.eu)

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REFERENCES THE BASIC LITERATURE 1. Azar B.S., Hagen S.A.Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th edition. - Washington.: Pearson Longman, 2009. 2. Boqiyeva G. and others. SCALE UP Student’s book Course. - Toshkent.: publishing house named after Gafur Gulyam, 2015. 3. David Hill. English for Information Technology 2. - London.: Pearson Education Limited, 2014. 4. Djalilov K. Exam skills for teachers and learners of English. - Toshkent.: Turon zamin ziyo, 2016. 5. Glendinning Eric H., J. McEwan. Basic English for computing. - Oxford.: Oxford University press, 2002. 6. Hilmes. M. The television history book. - London.: British Film Institute, 2003. 7. Large D., Farmer J. Modern Cable Television Technology, 2nd Edition. - San Francisco.: Morgan Kaufmann, 2003. 8. Maja Olejniczak. English for Information Technology 1. - London.: Pearson Education Limited, 2013. 9. Santiago Remacha Esteras. Infotech English for computer users. - Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ADDITIONAL LITERATURE 1. Mirziyoev Sh.M. O‘zbekiston Respublikasini yanada rivojlantirish bo‘yicha HARAKATLAR STRATEGIYASI to‘g‘risida.(O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonun hujjatlari to‘plami. - Toshkent, 2017 yil 7 fevral. 2. Mirziyoev Sh.M. «Oliy ta’lim tizimini yanada rivojlantirish chora- tadbirlari to‘g‘risida»gi PQ-2909-son qarori. - Toshkent,2017 yil 20 aprel. 3. Aziza Sharipova. Vocabulary for Hardware in Computing, 2nd Edition.- Tashkent.:Fan va texnologiya nashriyoti, 2016. 4. McCarthy R., Duckworth. Oxford English for Telecoms and Information Technology. - Oxford.: Oxford University press, 2007. INTERNET SOURCES 1. http://eslgames.com 2. http://iletisim.ieu.edu.tr/flows/ 3. http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org 4. http://www.earlytelevision.org/uzbekistan.html 5. http://www.merinews.com 6. http://www.sky-technology.eu

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“Guide to the world of television” номли хорижий тил фанидан амалий машғулотлар олиб бориш учун ўқув қўлланма. 5350200 - Телевизион технологиялар таълим йўналиши кундузги ҳамда сиртқи бўлим талабалари учун мўлжалланган.

Чет тиллар кафедраси мажлисида кўриб чиқилди ва нашр этишга рухсат этилди, 201__йил ______- сонли баённома

АКТ с И ва М факультети ИУК мажлисида кўриб чиқилди ва нашр этишга рухсат этилди 201__йил ______, _____ - сонли баённома

ТАТУ илмий услубий Кенгаши мажлисида кўриб чиқилди ва нашр этишга рухсат этилди 201__йил ______, _____ - сонли баённома

Тузувчи (лар): Ф.И.Сафарова

Тақризчилар: А.А.Шарипова Г.С.Сабирова

Маъсул муҳаррир: Ф.И.Сафарова Г.Р.Раззакова

Мусаҳҳиҳ: М.Т.Шахакимова

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