Elephant Bibliography Elephant Editors
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Open Thesis Final V2.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of the Geosciences TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS OF MAMMOTH MOLAR MORPHOLOGY AS MEASURED VIA COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis in Geosciences by Gregory J Smith 2015 Gregory J Smith Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2015 ii The thesis of Gregory J Smith was reviewed and approved* by the following: Russell W. Graham EMS Museum Director and Professor of the Geosciences Thesis Advisor Mark Patzkowsky Professor of the Geosciences Eric Post Director of the Polar Center and Professor of Biology Timothy Ryan Associate Professor of Anthropology and Information Sciences and Technology Michael Arthur Professor of the Geosciences Interim Associate Head for Graduate Programs and Research *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Two Late Pleistocene species of Mammuthus, M. columbi and M. primigenius, prove difficult to identify on the basis of their third molar (M3) morphology alone due to the effects of dental wear. A newly-erupted, relatively unworn M3 exhibits drastically different characters than that tooth would after a lifetime of wear. On a highly-worn molar, the lophs that comprise the occlusal surface are more broadly spaced and the enamel ridges thicken in comparison to these respective characters on an unworn molar. Since Mammuthus taxonomy depends on the lamellar frequency (# of lophs/decimeter of occlusal surface) and enamel thickness of the third molar, given the effects of wear it becomes apparent that these taxonomic characters are variable throughout the tooth’s life. Therefore, employing static taxonomic identifications that are based on dynamic attributes is a fundamentally flawed practice. -
1.1 První Chobotnatci 5 1.2 Plesielephantiformes 5 1.3 Elephantiformes 6 1.3.1 Mammutida 6 1.3.2 Elephantida 7 1.3.3 Elephantoidea 7 2
MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV GEOLOGICKÝCH VĚD Jakub Březina Rešerše k bakalářské práci Využití mikrostruktur klů neogenních chobotnatců na příkladu rodu Zygolophodon Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr. Brno 2012 OBSAH 1. Současný pohled na evoluci chobotnatců 3 1.1 První chobotnatci 5 1.2 Plesielephantiformes 5 1.3 Elephantiformes 6 1.3.1 Mammutida 6 1.3.2 Elephantida 7 1.3.3 Elephantoidea 7 2. Kly chobotnatců a jejich mikrostruktura 9 2.1 Přírůstky v klech chobotnatců 11 2.1.1 Využití přírůstků v klech chobotnatců 11 2.2 Schregerův vzor 12 2.2.1 Stavba Schregerova vzoru 12 2.2.2 Využití Schregerova vzoru 12 2.3 Dentinové kanálky 15 3 Sedimenty s nálezy savců v okolí Mikulova 16 3.1 Baden 17 3.2 Pannon a Pont 18 1. Současný pohled na evoluci chobotnatců Současná systematika chobotnatců není kompletně odvozena od jejich fylogeneze, rekonstruované pomocí kladistických metod. Diskutované skupiny tak mnohdy nepředstavují monofyletické skupiny. Přestože jsou taxonomické kategorie matoucí (např. Laurin 2005), jsem do jisté míry nucen je používat. Některým skupinám úrovně stále přiřazeny nebyly a zde této skutečnosti není přisuzován žádný význam. V této rešerši jsem se zaměřil hlavně na poznatky, které následovaly po vydání knihy; The Proboscidea: Evolution and Paleoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, od Shoshaniho a Tassyho (1996). Chobotnatci jsou součástí skupiny Tethytheria společně s anthracobunidy, sirénami a desmostylidy (Shoshani 1998; Shoshani & Tassy 1996; 2005; Gheerbrant & Tassy 2009). Základní klasifikace sestává ze dvou skupin. Ze skupiny Plesielephantiformes, do které patří čeledě Numidotheriidae, Barytheriidae a Deinotheridae a ze skupiny Elephantiformes, do které patří čeledě Palaeomastodontidae, Phiomiidae, Mammutida, Gomphotheriidae, tetralofodontní gomfotéria, Stegodontidae a Elephantidae (Shoshani & Marchant 2001; Shoshani & Tassy 2005; Gheerbrant & Tassy 2009). -
Zeitschrift Für Säugetierkunde)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mammalian Biology (früher Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde) Jahr/Year: 1993 Band/Volume: 58 Autor(en)/Author(s): Court Nick Artikel/Article: A dental peculiarity in Numidotherium kohlense: evidence of feeding behaviour in a primitive proboscidae 194-196 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Z. Säugetierkunde 58 (1993) 194-196 © 1993 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin ISSN 0044-3468 A dental peculiarity in Numidotherium koholense: evidence of feeding behaviour in a primitive proboscidean By N. Court Sedgwick Museum, Department of Barth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. Receipt of Ms. 19. 9. 1991 Acceptance of Ms. 27. 12. 1992 The fossil proboscidean, Numidotherium koholense is known only from the Palaeogene of Algeria (Mahboubi et al. 1984). Abundant remains of this tapir-sized mammal have been recovered from a single locality at El Kohol in Eocene deposits of the Southern Atlas of Algeria (see Mahboubi et al. 1986 for site details). The late Early Eocene age ascribed to this locaHty renders Numidotherium the oldest unequivocal representative of the order Proboscidea yet known. Material includes numerous isolated teeth, jaws and skulls, in addition to postcranial elements. Although Numidotherium is morphologically well documented (Mahboubi et al. 1986) and has been included in recent phylogenetic treatments of the order (Tassy 1990), as yet nothing is known of numidothere life habits or autecology. I 1 Fig. 1. Outline drawing of right mandibular ramus of Numidotherium koholense in lateral view. Note the long diastema and the way in which the alveolar border in front of P2 descends steeply to expose the anterior root (arrow). -
Africa's Elephants Now Endangered by Poaching, Habitat Loss 25 March 2021, by Farai Mutsaka and Mogmotsi Magome
Africa's elephants now endangered by poaching, habitat loss 25 March 2021, by Farai Mutsaka and Mogmotsi Magome Africa currently has 415,000 elephants, counting the forest and savanna elephants together, according to the IUCN. The savanna elephants prefer more open plains and are found in various habitats across sub- Saharan Africa, with Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe having high concentrations. The African forest elephants—smaller in size—mostly occupy the tropical forests of West and Central Africa, with the largest remaining populations found in Gabon and Republic of Congo. In Gabon, the fight against elephant poaching "is more than just fighting for nature. It's fighting for the A Savanna elephant is photographed in Kruger National stability of our country," Lee White, Gabon's Park, South Africa, in this March 4, 2020 file photo. minister of water and forests, told The Associated Increasing threats of poaching and loss of habitat have Press. made Africa's elephant populations more endangered, according to a report released Thursday March 25, 2021, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay, File) Increasing threats of poaching and loss of habitat have made Africa's elephant populations more endangered, according to a report released Thursday by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The African forest elephant is critically endangered, and the African savanna elephant is endangered. The two species had previously been grouped together as a single species and were classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. A desert elephant is photographed in the Kaokoland near Puros, northern Namibia, in Kruger National Park, South Africa, in this Aug. -
Matheus Souza Lima Ribeiro
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 392 (2013) 546–556 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Climate and humans set the place and time of Proboscidean extinction in late Quaternary of South America Matheus Souza Lima-Ribeiro a,b,⁎, David Nogués-Bravo c,LeviCarinaTerribilea, Persaram Batra d, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho e a Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Jataí, Cx. Postal 03, 75804-020 Jataí, GO, Brazil b Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Cx. Postal 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil c Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Denmark d Department of Geology, Greenfield Community College, Greenfield, MA 01301, USA e Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Cx. Postal 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The late Quaternary extinctions have been widely debated for a long time, but the varying magnitude of Received 18 April 2013 human vs. climate change impacts across time and space is still an unresolved question. Here we assess Received in revised form 7 October 2013 the geographic range shifts in response to climate change based on Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and Accepted 21 October 2013 modeled the timing for extinction under human hunting scenario, and both variables were used to explain Available online 30 October 2013 the extinction dynamics of Proboscideans during a full interglacial/glacial cycle (from 126 ka to 6 ka) in South America. We found a large contraction in the geographic range size of two Proboscidean species stud- Keywords: Late Quaternary extinctions ied (Cuvieronius hyodon and Notiomastodon platensis) across time. -
The Late Miocene Mammalian Fauna of Chorora, Awash Basin
The late Miocene mammalian fauna of Chorora, Awash basin, Ethiopia: systematics, biochronology and 40K-40Ar ages of the associated volcanics Denis Geraads, Zeresenay Alemseged, Hervé Bellon To cite this version: Denis Geraads, Zeresenay Alemseged, Hervé Bellon. The late Miocene mammalian fauna of Chorora, Awash basin, Ethiopia: systematics, biochronology and 40K-40Ar ages of the associated volcanics. Tertiary Research, 2002, 21 (1-4), pp.113-122. halshs-00009761 HAL Id: halshs-00009761 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009761 Submitted on 24 Mar 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The late Miocene mammalian fauna of Chorora, Awash basin, Ethiopia: systematics, biochronology and 40K-40Ar ages of the associated volcanics Denis GERAADS - EP 1781 CNRS, 44 rue de l'Amiral Mouchez, 75014 PARIS, France Zeresenay ALEMSEGED - National Museum, P.O.Box 76, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Hervé BELLON - UMR 6538 CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, BP 809, 29285 BREST CEDEX, France ABSTRACT New whole-rock 40K-40Ar ages on lava flows bracketing the Chorora Fm, Ethiopia, confirm that its Hipparion-bearing sediments must be in the 10-11 Ma time-range. The large Mammal fauna includes 10 species. -
Mammoths and Mastodons
AMERI AN MU E.UM OF ATU R I HI 1 R Mammoths and Mastodons By W. D. MATTHEW . THE. AMERICAN MASTODON Model by Charles R. Knight, based upon The Warren Mastodon skeleton in the American Museum of Natural History No. 43 Of THE GUIDE LEAFLET SERIES.-NOVE.MBER, 1915. Aft, O.~born THE WARREN MASTODON SKELETON IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM . Mammoths and Mastodons A guide to th collections of fossil proboscideans in the Ameri an Museum of Natural History By W. D. MATTHEW 0 TE.i. T Pag 1. L ~TROD T RY. Di tribulion. Early Di coYerie . .............. ~. THE ExTL -cT ELEPHA_~T . The tru mammoth-~ la kan mamm th - k 1 t n from Indiana- ize of the mammoth-th Columbian 1 - phant- th Imperial lephant-extin t 011 World elephant - Plio n and Plei tocene elephant ' of Inclia-e,·olution f lephant from n1a to don ......................... .. ............... .. ..... ... 3. THE ... :\IERICAX :MA TODOX. Teeth f the ma tod n-habit an 1 en Yironment-the w·arren ma t don-male and femal kull -di tribu- tion of the ... merican ma todon . 1 z ..J.. THE LATER TERTB.RY 11A TODOX . The two-tu ked mat don Dibelodon-the long-jawed ma. t don Tetralophodon-the b aked ma todon Rhyncotherium-the primitiYe four tu k d ma tod n . Trilophod n-the Dinotherium.. 1.5 THE EARLY TERTL\.RY AxcE TOR OF THE 11A TODOX . Palreoma tod n - M reritherium-character. and affinitie . I 6. THE E'.'OL TIOX OF THE PRoBo CIDEA. D ubtful po ition of :i\I rither ium-Palreoma todon a primiti, prob cidean-Dinoth rium an aberrant ide-branch-Tril phodon de.:,cended from Palreoma todon branching into everal phYla in ~Ii cene and Plioc ne- Dib lodon phylum in ~ ~ orth and outh America-~Ia tod n phylum-elephant phylum-origin and di per al of th probo cidea and th ir proo·re ,i,·e exti11ctio11 . -
The Mastodonts of Brazil': the State of the Art of South American
Quaternary International 443 (2017) 52e64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Sixty years after ‘The mastodonts of Brazil’: The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) * Dimila Mothe a, b, , Leonardo dos Santos Avilla a, c, Lidiane Asevedo a, d, Leon Borges-Silva a, Mariane Rosas e, Rafael Labarca-Encina f, Ricardo Souberlich g, Esteban Soibelzon h, i, Jose Luis Roman-Carrion j, Sergio D. Ríos k, Ascanio D. Rincon l, Gina Cardoso de Oliveira b, Renato Pereira Lopes m a Laboratorio de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Bioci^encias, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, 501, Urca, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b Programa de Pos-graduaç ao~ em Geoci^encias, Centro de Tecnologia e Geoci^encias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Acad^emico Helio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 50740-467, Recife, Brazil c Programa de Pos-graduaç ao~ em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto de Bioci^encias, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, 501, Urca, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil d Faculdade de Geoci^encias (Fageo), Campus Cuiaba, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Jardim Petropolis, CEP 78070-000, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil e Laboratorio de Paleontologia, Centro de Ci^encias Agrarias, Ambientais e Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo^ da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil f Laboratorio de Paleoecología, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile g Laboratorio de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Acceso Av. -
Information and Analysis Bulletin on Animal Poaching and Smuggling N°6 / 1St July - 30Th Septembre 2014
Information and analysis bulletin on animal poaching and smuggling n°6 / 1st July - 30th Septembre 2014 Contents Introduction Insects and Arachnids 3 Seahorses Sea 4 Cruelty to animals is pouring and flooding on Tridacna and Queen Conches 5 each and every one of the 134 pages of ”On the Sea Cucumbers 5 Trail ” n°6. Rainbows are rare. And for that are all Fishes 6 the more beautiful. Marine Mammals 8 Opening of a delphinium in Pattaya and a Several recent studies suggest that violence on projected opening in Phuket 8 animals and abuse of animal’s weakness show Marine Turtles 9 predisposition to violence against humans and that witnessing domestic violence or being Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles 13 submitted to parental harassment leads to a Snakes 20 predisposition to violence against animals. Sauria 23 Violence is a viral and vicious circle. Crocodilians 23 Multi-Species Reptiles 24 The FBI in the United States of America now considers that mistreatment, individual Amphibia 25 violence, organized abuse and torture against animals are crimes against society. To start Birds 26 in 2016, a database listing animal sadists The new European commissioner for should help - that is the purpose of the FBI’s the environment 32 new approach - to predict criminality against humans. Pangolins 35 Writers and great thinkers in the ancient Primates 40 centuries had predicted that practice or Ebola 42 witnessing of cruelty inflicted on animals would lead to barbaric treatment towards and among Felines 49 humans. ” After people in Rome were tamed Released on bail without caution 53 to the spectacle of murdering animals, it came the turn of men and the gladiators. -
Isotopic Dietary Reconstructions of Pliocene Herbivores at Laetoli: Implications for Early Hominin Paleoecology ⁎ John D
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 243 (2007) 272–306 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Isotopic dietary reconstructions of Pliocene herbivores at Laetoli: Implications for early hominin paleoecology ⁎ John D. Kingston a, , Terry Harrison b a Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States b Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, United States Received 20 September 2005; received in revised form 1 August 2006; accepted 4 August 2006 Abstract Major morphological and behavioral innovations in early human evolution have traditionally been viewed as responses to conditions associated with increasing aridity and the development of extensive grassland-savanna biomes in Africa during the Plio- Pleistocene. Interpretations of paleoenvironments at the Pliocene locality of Laetoli in northern Tanzania have figured prominently in these discussions, primarily because early hominins recovered from Laetoli are generally inferred to be associated with grassland, savanna or open woodland habitats. As these reconstructions effectively extend the range of habitat preferences inferred for Pliocene hominins, and contrast with interpretations of predominantly woodland and forested ecosystems at other early hominin sites, it is worth reevaluating the paleoecology at Laetoli utilizing a new approach. Isotopic analyses were conducted on the teeth of twenty-one extinct mammalian herbivore species from the Laetolil Beds (∼4.3–3.5 Ma) and Upper Ndolanya Beds (∼2.7–2.6 Ma) to determine their diet, as well as to investigate aspects of plant physiognomy and climate. Enamel samples were obtained from multiple localities at different stratigraphic levels in order to develop a high-resolution spatio-temporal framework for identifying and characterizing dietary and ecological change and variability within the succession. -
Filling a Gap in the Proboscidean Fossil Record: a New Genus from The
Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, Jeremy Martin, Bernard Sambou, Mustapha Thiam, Lionel Hautier To cite this version: Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, et al.. Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal. Journal of Paleontology, Paleontological Society, 2019, pp.1-9. 10.1017/jpa.2019.98. hal-02408861 HAL Id: hal-02408861 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408861 Submitted on 8 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from 2 the Lutetian of Senegal 3 4 Rodolphe Tabuce1, Raphaël Sarr2, Sylvain Adnet1, Renaud Lebrun1, Fabrice Lihoreau1, Jeremy 5 E. Martin2, Bernard Sambou3, Mustapha Thiam3, and Lionel Hautier1 6 7 1Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de 8 Montpellier, Montpellier, France <[email protected]> 9 <[email protected]> <[email protected]> 10 <[email protected]> <[email protected] > 11 2Univ. -
The Fossil Proboscideans of Bulgaria and the Importance of Some Bulgarian Finds – a Brief Review
Historia naturalis bulgarica, The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria 139 16: 139-150, 2004 The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria and the importance of some Bulgarian finds – a brief review Georgi N. MARKOV MARKOV G. 2004. The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria and the importance of some Bulgarian finds – a brief review. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 16: 139-150. Abstract. The paper summarizes briefly the current data on Bulgarian fossil proboscideans, revised by the author. Finds of special interest and importance for different problems of proboscideanology are discussed, with some paleozoogeographical notes. Key words: Proboscidea, Neogene, Bulgaria, Systematics Introduction The following text is a brief summary of the results obtained during a PhD research (2000-2003; thesis in preparation) on the fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria. Various Bulgarian collections stock several hundred specimens of fossil proboscideans from more than a hundred localities in the country. BAKALOV & NIKOLOV (1962; 1964) summarized most of the finds collected from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s, the first of the cited papers dealing with deinotheres, mammutids and gomphotheres sensu lato, the second – with elephantids. Sporadic publications from the 1970s have added more material. During the 1980s and the 1990s there were practically no studies by Bulgarian authors describing new material or revising the proboscidean fossils already published. Bulgarian material has been discussed by TASSY (1983; 1999), TOBIEN (1976; 1978; 1986; 1988), METZ- MULLER (1995; 1996a,b; 2000), and more recently by MARKOV et al. (2002), HUTTUNEN (2002a,b), HUTTUNEN & GÖHLICH (2002), LISTER & van ESSEN (2003), and MARKOV & SPASSOV (2003a,b). During the last two decades, a large amount of unpublished material was gathered, and many of the previously published finds needed a serious revision.