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CHILD SOLDIERS CHILD Girl Soldiers and Others Gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Event in Tila, Rolpa District, Nepal

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CHILD SOLDIERS CHILD Girl Soldiers and Others Gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Event in Tila, Rolpa District, Nepal CHILD SOLDIERS Girl soldiers and others gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) event in Tila, Rolpa district, Nepal. CHILD SOLDIERS Cover photo © Marcus Bleasdale 2005 The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers was formed in May 1998 by leading non- governmental organizations to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers, both boys 2008 Report Global and girls, to secure their demobilization, and to promote their reintegration into their communities. It works to achieve this through advocacy and public education, research Global Report 2008 and monitoring, and network development and capacity building. The Coalition’s Steering Committee members are: Amnesty International, Defence for Children International, Human Rights Watch, International Federation Terre des Hommes, International Save the Children Alliance, Jesuit Refugee Service, and the Quaker United Nations Office – Geneva. The Coalition has regional representatives in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Middle East and national networks in about 30 countries. The Coalition unites local, national and international organizations, as well as youth, experts and concerned individuals from every region of the world. COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS www.child-soldiers.org COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS CHILD SOLDIERS Girl soldiers and others gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) event in Tila, Rolpa district, Nepal. CHILD SOLDIERS Cover photo © Marcus Bleasdale 2005 The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers was formed in May 1998 by leading non- governmental organizations to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers, both boys 2008 Report Global and girls, to secure their demobilization, and to promote their reintegration into their communities. It works to achieve this through advocacy and public education, research Global Report 2008 and monitoring, and network development and capacity building. The Coalition’s Steering Committee members are: Amnesty International, Defence for Children International, Human Rights Watch, International Federation Terre des Hommes, International Save the Children Alliance, Jesuit Refugee Service, and the Quaker United Nations Office – Geneva. The Coalition has regional representatives in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Middle East and national networks in about 30 countries. The Coalition unites local, national and international organizations, as well as youth, experts and concerned individuals from every region of the world. COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS www.child-soldiers.org COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 This report covers the period from April 2004 to October 2007. Countries/situations where children were recruited or used in hostilities – April 2004 to October 2007 Countries/situations where children were recruited or used in hostilities – April 2004 to October 2007 First published in 2008 by Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers 9 Marshalsea Road (4th floor) London SE1 1EP United Kingdom www.child-soldiers.org © Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers ISBN 978-0-9541624-5-0 Original language: English Text and cover design: www.intertype.com Printed in the United Kingdom by Bell and Bain Contents World Map 2 the Grenadines, St Kitts Guinea 156 Acknowledgements 7 & Nevis, St Lucia 86 Guinea-Bissau 159 Preface 9 Central African Guyana 161 Introduction 12 Republic 88 Haiti 162 Afghanistan 40 Chad 91 Holy See 165 Albania 43 Chile 95 Honduras 166 Algeria 44 China 97 Hungary 167 Andorra 45 Colombia 99 Iceland 168 Angola 46 Comoros 106 India 169 Antigua and Barbuda 48 Congo, Democratic Indonesia 173 Argentina 49 Republic of the 106 Iran 176 Armenia 51 Congo, Republic of 113 Iraq 178 Australia 52 Costa Rica 115 Ireland 181 Austria 54 Côte d’Ivoire 116 Israel 184 Azerbaijan 56 Croatia 122 Italy 188 Bahamas 57 Cuba 124 Jamaica 189 Bahrain 58 Cyprus 125 Japan 191 Bangladesh 58 Czech Republic 127 Jordan 192 Barbados 61 Denmark 128 Kazakhstan 194 Belarus 62 Djibouti 129 Kenya 196 Belgium 63 Dominican Republic 130 Korea, Democratic People’s Belize 64 Ecuador 131 Republic of 198 Benin 65 Egypt 134 Korea, Republic of 200 Bhutan 66 El Salvador 135 Kuwait 201 Bolivia 67 Equatorial Guinea 136 Kyrgyzstan 202 Bosnia-Herzegovina 70 Eritrea 137 Laos 204 Botswana 71 Estonia 140 Latvia 206 Brazil 72 Ethiopia 141 Lebanon 207 Brunei Darussalam 74 Fiji 144 Lesotho 210 Bulgaria 75 Finland 145 Liberia 211 Burkina faso 76 France 146 Libya 217 Burundi 77 Gabon 147 Liechtenstein 218 Cambodia 81 Gambia 148 Lithuania 219 Cameroon 84 Georgia 149 Luxembourg 221 Canada 84 Germany 151 Macedonia 222 Cape Verde 86 Ghana 152 Madagascar 223 Caribbean (Dominica, Greece 153 Malawi 224 Grenada, St Vincent & Guatemala 154 Malaysia 225 CHILD SOLDIERS GLOBAL REPORT 2008 Maldives 226 Qatar 282 Ukraine 351 Mali 227 Romania 283 United Arab Emirates 353 Malta 228 Russian Federation 284 United Kingdom 354 Mauritania 229 Rwanda 288 United States of Mauritius 230 San Marino 290 America 358 Mexico 231 Sao Tome and Uruguay 362 Moldova 233 Principe 291 Uzbekistan 363 Monaco 235 Saudi Arabia 292 Venezuela 366 Mongolia 236 Senegal 293 Viet Nam 368 Montenegro 237 Serbia 294 Yemen 370 Morocco and Western Seychelles 295 Zambia 371 Sahara 238 Sierra Leone 297 Zimbabwe 372 Mozambique 239 Singapore 302 Summary of selected Myanmar 240 Slovakia 303 international Namibia 245 Slovenia 303 treaties 375 Nepal 246 Solomon Islands 304 Optional Protocol 378 Netherlands 250 Somalia 305 UN Resolution 1612 383 New Zealand 251 South Africa 308 Child soldiers 2008: Nicaragua 252 Spain 310 data summary 389 Niger 253 Sri Lanka 311 Methodology, terms Nigeria 255 Sudan 315 and definitions 410 Norway 257 Suriname 321 Glossary and explanatory Occupied Palestinian Swaziland 322 notes 413 Territory 258 Sweden 323 Oman 262 Switzerland 324 Pacific Islands (Cook Is, Syria 326 Kiribati, Marchall Is, Taiwan 328 Micronesia, Nauru, Tajikistan 329 Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tanzania 331 Tuvalu, Vanuatu) 263 Thailand 333 Pakistan 266 Timor-Leste 335 Panama 268 Togo 337 Papua New Guinea 269 Tonga 339 Paraguay 271 Trinidad and Tobago 340 Peru 274 Tunisia 341 Philippines 276 Turkey 342 Poland 280 Turkmenistan 344 Portugal 281 Uganda 345 Acknowledgements This report covers the period from April data summary chart which appears at the 2004 to October 2007. It contains detailed end of the report. information on child soldier recruitment I would also like to thank editors and use in 197 countries. Where relevant, Maggie Maloney, Sarah Pennington and information is provided on disarmament, Philippa Youngman; and Maggie Maloney demobilization and reintegration programs, and Philippa Youngman for copy-editing and on justice and accountability measures the report. Country entries were researched to address the problem. and drafted by a team of consultants. They The project and the research were co- were Daniel Alberman, Lana Baydas, Emma ordinated by consultant Donna Guest. The Blower, Marisé Castro, Alison Dilworth, introduction was written by Coalition staff Mary Durran, Marjorie Farquharson, member Lucia Withers, with contributions Sara Hamood, Catherine Hunter, Steve from Victoria Forbes Adam and Brian Kibble, Don Lieber, Sarah Maguire, Phillips. Coalition staff members Enrique Anoushka Marashilian, Roland Marchal, Restoy, Lucia Withers and Heloise Ruaudel Ingrid Massagé, Matthew Naumann, Josh and consultant Laura Fine reviewed and Ounsted, Sandrine Perrot, Brian Phillips, revised draft entries for Africa, Asia and Hugh Poulton, Claudia Ricca, Kerry Smith- the Middle East; Martin Nagler and intern Jeffreys and Lars Waldorf. Chantal Scholten compiled large quantities Coalition members in Colombia, of data to support the process. Regional France, Italy, Philippines, Spain and the staff Dee Brillenburg Wurth, Emma De Vise United States researched and drafted their and Ryan Silverio provided information, country entries. Information was provided comments and reviews on entries for by national coalition members and partners west Africa, the Great Lakes and south- in Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic east Asia respectively. Ryan Silverio also Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Indonesia, researched and drafted a number of entries. Israel, Lebanon, Occupied Palestinian Carissa Lopez and Heloise Ruaudel were Territory, Thailand, Uganda, the United responsible for the cover design and States and Venezuela. photographs respectively, and Enrique I am grateful to staff at the Office of Restoy co-ordinated the translations. the Special Representative of the Secretary- Invaluable administrative support, General for children and armed conflict, to fundraising and financial management UN staff in relevant peacekeeping missions, were provided throughout by Coalition staff and to UNICEF in New York and in field members Andrew Lowton, Carissa Lopez offices around the world. They provided and Carol Steel. A special debt of gratitude invaluable information, commentary and is owed to Ratna Jhaveri, who spent many support throughout the duration of this hours revising and updating numerous project. Thanks are due in particular to complex entries as well as compiling the staff working on Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Iceland, Indonesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, time and expertise to the project, to Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sri James and Sonia Nesbitt and to numerous Lanka, Thailand and Zimbabwe. other organizations and individuals who I would like to thank Salvatore Sagues supported the research
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