DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents THE ROLES OF INTERGROUP THREAT, SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION AND RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM IN PREDICTING TURKS’ PREJUDICE TOWARD KURDS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ÇİĞDEM DAMLA BALABAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2013 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Tülin Gençöz Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assist. Prof. Dr. Banu Cingöz-Ulu Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Nuray Sakallı-Uğurlu (METU, PSY) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Derya Hasta (Ankara Uni., PSY) Assist. Prof. Dr. Banu Cingöz-Ulu (METU, PSY) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Çiğdem Damla Balaban Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE ROLES OF INTERGROUP THREAT, SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION AND RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM IN PREDICTING TURKS’ PREJUDICE TOWARD KURDS Balaban, Çiğdem Damla M.S., Department of Psychology Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Banu Cingöz-Ulu September 2013, 105 pages The aim of the current thesis was to investigate the prejudice of Turks toward Kurds and to explore the possible role of the perceived threat in this prejudice. Kurds are the biggest ethnic minority in Turkey with a history of cultural oppression and assimilation. Opposing to Turkish governments’ policies toward themselves, the Kurdish movement in Turkey has been asserting the cultural and political rights of Kurdish citizens in Turkey since the 1970s and onwards and in 1980s and 1990s, Turkey witnessed an intense guerilla war between the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK, Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) and the Turkish armed forces. From the Turks’ point of view, the conflict stems from PKK’s perceived bad intentions targeting Turkey’s harmony and the assumed support for PKK from the foreign forces against Turkey’s unity. While this authoritarian perspective is highly prevalent among Turks in Turkey, more liberal policies toward Kurds and other minorities have been followed by the recent Turkish governments since the end of 1990s in order for Turkey’s accession to the European Union. More recently, peace negotiations have been taking place between the Turkish iv government and the prominent Kurdish leaders and politicians within the last year. Under these transforming circumstances, Turks’ attitudes toward Kurds were studied within the frameworks of two prejudice-explaining theories: the Dual-Process Model and the Integrated Threat Theory. The dual process model ascribes two pathways both leading to prejudice but each characterised by different values and motivations. These pathways correspond to two widely- studied predictors of prejudice: right-wing-authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. The integrated threat theory on the other hand, emphasises the role of threat in out-group attitudes and categorises intergroup threat into four basic types. In the current study, these two theories were incorporated in a mediational model expecting that Turks’ attitudes toward Kurds would be predicted by RWA rather than SDO and among the four types of threat, the group-level ones would mediate the relationship between RWA and prejudice. The findings, as well as the contributions and limitations of the study, were discussed. Keywords: prejudice, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, intergroup threat, Kurdish issue v ÖZ TÜRKLERİN KÜRTLERE YÖNELİK ÖNYARGISINI YORDAMADA GRUPLAR ARASI TEHDİDİN, SOSYAL BASKINLIK YÖNELİMİNİN VE SAĞ KANAT YETKECİLİĞİN ROLÜ Balaban, Çiğdem Damla Yüksek Lisans, Psikoloji Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Yar. Doç. Dr. Banu Cingöz-Ulu Eylül 2013, 105 sayfa Bu tez çalışmasının amacı Türklerin Kürtlere yönelik önyargılarını araştırmak ve algılanan tehdidin bu önyargıda oynayacağı olası rolü incelemektir. Kürtler tarihte kültürel olarak bastırılmış ve asimilasyona uğramış Türkiye’deki en kalabalık etnik azınlıktır. Türk hükümetlerin kendilerine yönelik politikalara karşı çıkan Kürt hareketi 1970’lerden bu yana Kürtlerin kültürel ve politik haklarını savunmaktadır ve Türkiye 1980’lerde ve 1990’larda Kürdistan İşçi Partisi (PKK, Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) ile Türk silahlı kuvvetleri arasında yoğun silahlı çatışmalara tanıklık etmiştir. Türklerin bakış açısına göre problem PKK’nın Türkiye’nin düzenini bozma amaçlı kötü niyetlerinden ve Türkiye’nin bütünlüğünü bozmak isteyen dış güçlerin PKK’yı desteklemesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu otoriter perspektif Türkler arasında oldukça yaygın olsa da, 1990’ların sonundan bu yana Türk hükümetleri Avrupa Birliği’ne girebilmek için Kürtlere ve diğer azınlıklara yönelik daha liberal politikalar güder olmuştur. Daha yakın geçmişe bakarsak, son bir yıl içinde Türk hükümeti ile önde gelen Kürt liderler ve politikacıları arasında barış görüşmeleri yapılmaya başlamıştır. Bu vi değişmekte olan şartlar altında, Türklerin Kürtlere yönelik tutumları önyargı yordayan iki teori çerçevesinde incelenmiştir: İkili İşlem Modeli ve Birleşik Tehdit Teorisi. İkili işlem teorisi her ikisi de önyargıya çıkan fakat değerleri ve motivasyonları açısından farklı niteliklere sahip iki yoldan oluşur. Bu yollar çokça çalışılmış iki önyargı yordayıcısına tekabül etmektedir: sağ kanat yetkecilik ve sosyal baskınlık yönelimi. Öte yandan, birleşik tehdit teorisi dış gruplara yönelik tutumlarda tehdidin rolünü vurgular ve gruplar arası tehdidi dört temel çeşide ayırır. Bu tez çalışmasında, bu iki teori aracı değişkenli bir modelle birleştirilmiştir; Türklerin Kürtlere yönelik önyargısının sosyal baskınlık yönelimindense sağ kanat yetkecilik tarafından yordanması ve dört tehdit çeşidinde grup düzeyi olanların sağ kanat yetkecilikle önyargı arasındaki ilişkiye aracı olması beklenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, katkıları ve sınırlılıklarıyla beraber tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: önyargı, sağ kanat yetkecilik, sosyal baskınlık yönelimi, gruplar arası tehdit, Kürt problemi vii viii In memory of lonely Alice & To all the whales ix x TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM ........................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. iv ÖZ ............................................................................................................................ vi DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. xiv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xv CHAPTERS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.General Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 1.2.The Interethnic Context in Turkey: Kurds & Turks ..................................... 4 1.3.The Dual Process Model of Prejudice........................................................... 8 1.4.The Integrated Threat Theory of P67rejudice ............................................. 17 1.4.1.Types of Threat as Proximal Predictors of Prejudice ....................... 17 1.4.2.Antecedents of Threat//Distal Predictors of Prejudice...................... 21 1.4.3.Integration of the ITT to the Turkish – Kurdish context .................. 24 1.5.The Current Study ....................................................................................... 27 METHOD ................................................................................................................. 29 2.1.Participants .................................................................................................. 29 2.2.Instruments .................................................................................................. 30 2.2.1.Demographic Questions .................................................................... 31 2.2.2.Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale ................................................. 32 2.2.3.Social Dominance Orientation Scale ................................................ 32 2.2.4.Turkish Identification Scale .............................................................. 32 2.2.5.Identification with Turkey Scale ....................................................... 33 2.2.6.Threat Scale ...................................................................................... 33 xi 2.2.7.Negative Out-group Affect Scale...................................................... 34 2.2.8.Social Distance Scale ........................................................................ 34 2.2.9.Feeling Thermometer ........................................................................ 34 2.3.Procedure ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Looking Into Iraq
    Chaillot Paper July 2005 n°79 Looking into Iraq Martin van Bruinessen, Jean-François Daguzan, Andrzej Kapiszewski, Walter Posch and Álvaro de Vasconcelos Edited by Walter Posch cc79-cover.qxp 28/07/2005 15:27 Page 2 Chaillot Paper Chaillot n° 79 In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) beca- Looking into Iraq me an autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the further development of the CFSP/ESDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of the European security and defence policy. In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between European experts and decision-makers at all levels. Chaillot Papers are monographs on topical questions written either by a member of the ISS research team or by outside authors chosen and commissioned by the Institute. Early drafts are normally discussed at a semi- nar or study group of experts convened by the Institute and publication indicates that the paper is considered Edited by Walter Posch Edited by Walter by the ISS as a useful and authoritative contribution to the debate on CFSP/ESDP. Responsibility for the views expressed in them lies exclusively with authors. Chaillot Papers are also accessible via the Institute’s Website: www.iss-eu.org cc79-Text.qxp 28/07/2005 15:36 Page 1 Chaillot Paper July 2005 n°79 Looking into Iraq Martin van Bruinessen, Jean-François Daguzan, Andrzej Kapiszewski, Walter Posch and Álvaro de Vasconcelos Edited by Walter Posch Institute for Security Studies European Union Paris cc79-Text.qxp 28/07/2005 15:36 Page 2 Institute for Security Studies European Union 43 avenue du Président Wilson 75775 Paris cedex 16 tel.: +33 (0)1 56 89 19 30 fax: +33 (0)1 56 89 19 31 e-mail: [email protected] www.iss-eu.org Director: Nicole Gnesotto © EU Institute for Security Studies 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kurdish Nationalist Movement and External Influences
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1980-12 The Kurdish nationalist movement and external influences Disney, Donald Bruce, Jr. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17624 '";. Vi , *V ^y NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS THE KURDISH NATIONALIST MOVEMENT AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES by Donald Bruce Disney, Jr. December 1980 The sis Advisor: J. W. Amos, II Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited T19 «—,rob J Unclassified "wi.fy * N°* StCUHlTY CLASSIFICATION r>* THIS »>GI '•*>•« D«t Knlmrmd) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM •f*OAT NUMlf* 2. OOVT ACCCUION MO. J MKCl»lCNT'S CATALOG NUMBER. 4 TiTlE ,«.*Ju »mH) s. TY*e of neponT * rewoo covcncd The Kurdish Nationalist Movement Master's Thesis; and External Influences December 1980 * »I»ro»l»INQ owe. «I»OKT NUMIIR 7. AuTmO*><*> • contract o« chant HumUtnf) Donald Bruce Disney, Jr., LCDR, USN * RfBFORMINO OWOANI2ATION NAME AND >QD*tii tO. *«OG*AM CLEMENT. RBOjECT. T as* AREA * «OMK UNIT NUDUM Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 M CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. MFOUT DATE Naval Postgraduate School December, 1980 Monterey, California 93940 II. MUMBER O' WAGES 238 TT MONITORING AGENCY NAME A AOORESSfll if>'M*ml Ifmm Controlling Ottlc*) It- SICURITY CLASS. <al Iftlm report) Naval Postgraduate School Unclassified Monterey, California 93940 Im DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE l«. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Ihlt *•»•»!) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT at (»• •*•„•«( rnrnfm** In #I»c* 20, // dittfmt rrmm Mf rt) IE. SUFFLCMCNTARY NOTES '» KEY *O*0l (Continue em remem »!<*• It r\eceeeiy em* itemttty m, ilect IHMHMMP Kurds, Kurdish Nationalism, Kurdish Revolts, Kurdish Political Parties, Mullah Mustafa Barzani, Sheikh Ezzedin, Abdul Rahman Qassemlu, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, UK, U.S., U.S.S.R., Israel, PLO, Armenians 20.
    [Show full text]
  • CIS Newsletter 15.2
    CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 15, No. 2 SIPA-Columbia University-New York Fall 2003 ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA SHIRIN EBADI WINNER OF Fascicles 1 and 2 of Volume XII Published; Fascicle 3 in Press 2003 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE The first and second fascicles way in which Hedayat’s satire per- of Volume XII of the Encyclopædia meates many of his short stories. Iranica were published in the Sum- Hillmann reviews plots and themes mer and Fall of 2003. They fea- of Hedayat’s fiction, some fifty or ture over 120 articles on various as- more works written from the mid- pects of Iranian culture and history, in- 1920s through the mid-1940s, and cites cluding four series of articles on spe- features of Hedayat’s distinctive ways cific subjects: four entries on Sadeq of narration which advanced the capa- Hedayat, four entries on Hazara groups bilities of the language in Persian lit- in Afghanistan, four entries on Helmand erature and served as an indigenous River, and eight entries on Herat. model for later Iranian short story writ- ers and novelists. Shirin Ebadi, lawyer and human SADEQ HEDAYAT rights activist who contributed the en- AND PERSIAN LITERATURE Persian literature is also treated in try CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN IRAN to the the following eight articles: HASAN Encyclopædia Iranica and whose book Four articles discuss the life and GHAZNAVI, poet at the court of History and Documentation of Human work of Sadeq Hedayat, the foremost Bahramshah Ghaznavi, by J. S. Rights in Iran was published by the modern Persian fiction writer who had Meisami; HATEF ESFAHANI, influential Center for Iranian Studies in 2000, was a vast influence on subsequent genera- poet of 18th century, by the late Z.
    [Show full text]
  • 21St CENTURY
    21st CENTURY «NORAVANK» FOUNDATION 1 YEREVAN 2007 21st CENTURY Information and analytical journal 1, 2007 CHIEF EDITOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Gagik Harutunyan Gagik Harutyunyan DEPUTY CHIEF EDITOR A Multipolar Cold War …….......................................... 3 Sevak Sarukhanyan Sergey Minasian EXECUTIVE SECRETARY The Israeli-Kurdish relations ....................................... 15 Madlena Yeghikyan Haykaram Nahapetyan EDITORIAL BOARD The Turks of Bulgaria: Arax Pashayan the 5th column of Ankara .............................................. 33 Georgy Derlugyan Harutyun Marutyan Nvard Melkonyan Levon Abrahamyan Image of a leader in political advertising .................... 50 Mushegh Lalayan Ruben Safrastyan Tigran Sargsyan Sargis Harutunyan Armenian civilization: Spartak Seyranyan a bid for ambitious project ............................................ 65 Tamara Vardanyan Levon Abrahamian ELECTRONIC TYPESETTING Armenia and Armenians between Lusine Baghramyan East and West ................................................................ 72 Sergey Sumlenny Czech Armenians: a small community with a strong potential .................................................. 77 Harutyun Marutyan The memory management issue .................................. 91 A MULTIPOLAR COLD WAR Gagik Harutyunyan The present article draws parallels between existing political realities and the ones that occurred during the Cold War in the second half of the 20th century. Similar to the previous one, the new Cold War is consistent with the logic of «the policy
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdistan, Kurdish Nationalism and International Society
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LSE Theses Online The London School of Economics and Political Science Maps into Nations: Kurdistan, Kurdish Nationalism and International Society by Zeynep N. Kaya A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, June 2012. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 77,786 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Matthew Whiting. 2 Anneme, Babama, Kardeşime 3 Abstract This thesis explores how Kurdish nationalists generate sympathy and support for their ethnically-defined claims to territory and self-determination in international society and among would-be nationals. It combines conceptual and theoretical insights from the field of IR and studies on nationalism, and focuses on national identity, sub-state groups and international norms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kurds in Movement: Migrations, Mobilisations, Communications and the Globalisation of the Kurdish Question", Working Paper No
    "The Kurds in movement: migrations, mobilisations, communications and the globalisation of the Kurdish question", Working Paper no. 14, Islamic Area Studies Project, Tokyo, Japan, 1999. 20 pp. The Kurds in Movement The Kurds in Movement: Migrations, mobilisations, communications and the globalisation of the Kurdish question Martin van Bruinessen, Utrecht University The Kurdish question today is a very different matter from what it was twenty-five years ago. Today's Kurdish movement is a very different movement from that of the 1970s — or rather, it consists of a number of movements each of which is very different from its predecessors. Kurdish society itself is perhaps even more drastically transformed than the terms in which we see the movement. In large areas of the region known as Kurdistan, especially in the Iraqi and Turkish parts, traditional Kurdish society has been destroyed in the course of war, rebellion and counter-insurgency. In 1979, a Kurdish friend of mine published a new edition of a 19th-century text on Kurdish custom and tradition, and on the cover he placed a photograph of a peasant working on a stony plot of land with a buffalo-drawn plough.[1] This was a recognisable icon for living tradition; the man's baggy pants and the shape of his cap also made immediately clear that he was from the Turkish part of Kurdistan. Such traditional peasants could then only be found on marginal lands that were unfit for machine cultivation; the more accessible parts of Kurdistan had experienced mechanisation in the 1950s through 1970s. It will be hard today to photograph a similar scene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sheikh Jarrah Affair: the Strategic Implications of Jewish Settlement in an Arab Neighborhood in East Jerusalem
    The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Established by the Charles H. Revson Foundation The Sheikh Jarrah Affair: The Strategic Implications of Jewish Settlement in an Arab Neighborhood in East Jerusalem Yitzhak Reiter and Lior Lehrs 2010 The JIIS Studies Series no. 404 The Sheikh Jarrah Affair: The Strategic Implications of Jewish Settlement in an Arab Neighborhood in East Jerusalem Yitzhak Reiter and Lior Lehrs © 2010, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies The Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., 92186 Jerusalem http://www.jiis.org.il E-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents The Authors ........................................................................................................ 5 Summary............................................................................................................. 6 Introduction.......................................................................................................11 Part A – Historical, Political, and Legal Background................................... 13 1. The Histories of Sheikh Jarrah and Shimon HaTzadik ............................... 13 2. The Use of Symbols of Heritage and Holiness............................................ 20 7KH*HRSROLWLFDO6LJQL¿FDQFHRIWKH1HLJKERUKRRG ................................... 22 4. Proprietary and Legal Issues Behind the Displacement of Palestinian Families..................................................................................... 23 5. The Eviction of Palestinian Residents ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Kurds from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    History of the Kurds From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Gelê Kurd), are a ,ﮔﻟﯽ ﮐﻮرد :Kurd), also the Kurdish people (Kurdish ,ﮐﻮرد :The Kurds (Kurdish Northwestern Iranic ethnic group in the Middle East. They have historically inhabited the mountainous areas to the South of Lake Van and Lake Urmia, a geographical area collectively referred to as Kurdistan. Most Kurds speak Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) or Sorani, which both belong to the Kurdish languages. There are various hypotheses as to predecessor populations of the Kurds, such as the Carduchoi of Classical Antiquity. The earliest known Kurdish dynasties under Islamic rule (10th to 12th centuries) are the Hasanwayhids, the Marwanids, the Rawadids, the Shaddadids, followed by the Ayyubid dynasty founded by Saladin. The Battle of Chaldiran of 1514 is an important turning point in Kurdish history, marking the alliance of Kurds with the Ottomans. The Sharafnameh of 1597 is the first account of Kurdish history. Kurdish history in the 20th century is marked by a rising sense of Kurdish nationhood focused on the goal of an independent Kurdistan as scheduled by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920. Partial autonomy was reached by Kurdistan Uyezd (1923–1926) and by Iraqi Kurdistan (since 1991), while notably in Turkish Kurdistan, an armed conflict between the Kurdish insurgent groups and Turkish Armed Forces was ongoing from 1984 to 1999, and the region continues to be unstable with renewed violence flaring up in the 2000s. Contents 1 Name 2 Early history 2.1 Muslim conquests 2.2 Early Kurdish principalities
    [Show full text]
  • Syria's New Map and New Actors: Challenges and Opportunities For
    Syria’s New Map and New Actors: Challenges and Opportunities Challenges Actors: Map and New Israel New for Syria’s COVER Udi Dekel, Nir Boms, and Ofir Winter Nir and Ofir Udi Dekel, Boms, Syria’s New Map and New Actors: Challenges and Opportunities for Israel Udi Dekel, Nir Boms, and Ofir Winter 156 Memorandum 156 Syria’s New Map and New Actors: Challenges and Opportunities for Israel Udi Dekel, Nir Boms, and Ofir Winter Institute for National Security Studies The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), incorporating the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, was founded in 2006. The purpose of the Institute for National Security Studies is first, to conduct basic research that meets the highest academic standards on matters related to Israel’s national security as well as Middle East regional and international security affairs. Second, the Institute aims to contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are – or should be – at the top of Israel’s national security agenda. INSS seeks to address Israeli decision makers and policymakers, the defense establishment, public opinion makers, the academic community in Israel and abroad, and the general public. INSS publishes research that it deems worthy of public attention, while it maintains a strict policy of non-partisanship. The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors’ alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its trustees, boards, research staff, or the organizations and individuals that support its research. Syria’s New Map and New Actors: Challenges and Opportunities for Israel Udi Dekel, Nir Boms, and Ofir Winter Memorandum No.
    [Show full text]
  • Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani: New Excavations in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan1
    IRAQ (2016) 78 253–284 Doi:10.1017/irq.2016.6 253 GURGA CHIYA AND TEPE MARANI: NEW EXCAVATIONS IN THE SHAHRIZOR PLAIN, IRAQI KURDISTAN1 By DAVID WENGROW,ROBERT CARTER,GARETH BRERETON,MARY SHEPPERSON, SAMI JAMIL HAMARASHI,SABER AHMED SABER,ANDREW BEVAN,DORIAN FULLER, HELEN HIMMELMAN,HANNA SOSNOWSKA and LARA GONZALEZ CARRETERO Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani are small, adjacent mounds located close to the town of Halabja in the southern part of the Shahrizor Plain, one of the most fertile regions of Iraqi Kurdistan. Survey and excavation at these previously unexplored sites is beginning to produce evidence for human settlement spanning the sixth to the fourth millennia, c. 5600–3300 cal. B.C. In Mesopotamian chronology this corresponds to the Late Neolithic through to Chalcolithic periods; the Halaf, Ubaid, and Uruk phases of conventional culture history. In Iraqi Kurdistan, documentation of these periods—which witnessed many important transformations in prehistoric village life—is currently very thin. Here we offer a preliminary report on the emerging results from the Shahrizor Plain, with a particular focus on the description of material culture (ceramic and lithic assemblages), in order to establish a benchmark for further research. We also provide a detailed report on botanical remains and accompanying radiocarbon dates, which allow us to place this new evidence in a wider comparative framework. A further, brief account is given of Late Bronze Age material culture from the upper layers at Gurga Chiya. We conclude with observations on the significance of the Shahrizor Plain for wider research into the later prehistory of the Middle East, and the importance of preserving and investigating its archaeological record.
    [Show full text]
  • Europeanization of Turkey's Kurdish Policy?!
    EUROPA-UNIVERSITÄT VIADRIANA İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNIVERSITESI Master Thesis Europeanization of Turkey’s Kurdish Policy?! Years 2002-2011 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.A. European Studies Author: Silke Hils Matr.No.: 34213 [email protected] 0176/80117670 First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Timm Beichelt Second Supervisor: Dr. Peter Widmann Abstract Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu analysieren, ob und welchen Einfluss die EU auf die Kurdenpolitik der AKP-Regierung hatte. Da erst seit dem Amtsantritt der AKP-Regierung im Jahr 2002 eine demokratische Lösung der Kurdenfrage angestrebt wird, geht es in dieser Arbeit darum herauszuarbeiten, welche Einflussfaktoren zu diesem Umdenken geführt haben und ob der EU ein eigener Einfluss zugeschrieben werden kann. Vor dem Amtsantritt der AKP reagierte der türkische Staat meist mit militärischer Unterdrückung und Gewalt auf Bestrebungen kulturelle Rechte der Kurden durchzusetzen. Hintergrund des Konflikts ist das vom Vertrag von Lausanne geprägte Verständnis von Minderheitenpolitik, das nur nicht-muslimische Minderheiten anerkennt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich deshalb mit der Amtszeit der AKP Regierung, also mit den Jahren 2002-2011. Für die Analyse wird das Transformationsmodell von Beichelt herangezogen, welches neben dem Einfluss der EU auch globale und regionale Kontexte mit einbezieht, den innerstaatlichen Prozessen jedoch die höchste Bedeutung beimisst. Aus der Analyse ergeben sich drei Zeitabschnitte. In der Zeit von 2002-2004 wurden Reformen verabschiedet, die sowohl (zeitlich und inhaltlich eingeschränkte) Rundfunk- und Fernsehübertragungen auf Kurdisch, als auch private Kurdisch-Sprachkurse ermöglichten. Diese Änderungen sind zum größten Teil dem positiven Einfluss der EU zuzuschreiben. Dies ist dadurch zu erklären, dass die EU-Türkei Beziehungen zu diesem Zeitpunkt sehr gut waren.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel and Kazakhstan Assessing the State of Bilateral Relations
    Israel and Kazakhstan Assessing the State of Bilateral Relations Gil Feiler and Kevjn Lim Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 107 THE BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 107 Israel and Kazakhstan Assessing the State of Bilateral Relations Gil Feiler and Kevjn Lim Israel and Kazakhstan Assessing the State of Bilateral Relations Gil Feiler and Kevjn Lim © The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel Tel. 972-3-5318959 Fax. 972-3-5359195 [email protected] http://www.besacenter.org ISSN 1565-9895 May 2014 Cover picture: Wikicommons The Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies advances a realist, conservative, and Zionist agenda in the search for security and peace for Israel. It was named in memory of Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, whose efforts in pursuing peace lay the cornerstone for conflict resolution in the Middle East. The center conducts policy-relevant research on strategic subjects, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and Middle East regional affairs. Mideast Security and Policy Studies serve as a forum for publication or re-publication of research conducted by BESA associates. Publication of a work by BESA signifies that it is deemed worthy of public consideration but does not imply endorsement of the author’s views or conclusions. Colloquia on Strategy and Diplomacy summarize the papers delivered at conferences and seminars held by the Center for the academic, military, official and general publics.
    [Show full text]