DOCSLIB.ORG

Latifou LAGNIKA ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ACTIVITE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Latifou LAGNIKA ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ACTIVITE UNIVERSITE LOUIS PASTEUR STRASBOURG FACULTE DE PHARMACIE en cotutelle avec L’UNIVERSITE D’ABOMEY-CALAVI BENIN FACULTE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES THESE Soutenue à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Strasbourg le 14 décembre 2005 pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de L’ UNIVERSITE LOUIS PASTEUR (Mention Sciences Pharmaceutiques) Domaine : PHARMACOGNOSIE présentée par Latifou LAGNIKA ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ACTIVITE BIOLOGIQUE DE SUBSTANCES NATURELLES ISOLEES DE PLANTES BENINOISES JURY Monsieur B. WENIGER Directeur de Thèse Monsieur le Professeur A. SANNI Co-Directeur de thèse Monsieur le Professeur M. HIBERT Rapporteur interne Madame le Professeur V. COLLOT Rapporteur externe Monsieur le Professeur K. DRAMANE Rapporteur externe non membre du jury Nous tenons à remercier : Monsieur Bernard WENIGER, Directeur de thèse Maître de conférences en Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles à l’Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg & Monsieur Ambaliou SANNI, co-Directeur de thèse Professeur de Biochimie et biologie moléculaire à la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey- calavi, Bénin qui, durant ces trois années, ont bien voulu diriger mes travaux de thèse, en me faisant bénéficier de leur expérience, leur compétences et encouragements. Monsieur Marcel HIBERT Professeur de Pharmacochimie à la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Strasbourg Madame Valérie COLLOT Professeur de Pharmacognosie à l’Université de Caen qui nous ont fait l’honneur d’accepter de juger et de siéger dans le jury de thèse. En témoignage de ma reconnaissance et respectueuse gratitude Nous tenons à remercier : L’Agence Universitaire Francophone (AUF), dans le cadre du projet scientifique inter- universitaire intitulé : Activité antipaludique et action réversante de la chloroquinorésistance d’extraits d’espèces médicinales et de biomolécules purifiées issues des pharmacopées traditionnelles béninoise et ivoirienne. L’Ambassade de France au Bénin qui nous a attribué une bourse en alternance. L’Union International de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (IUBMB) pour l’allocation qu’elle nous a attribuée. Nos remerciements vont également à toute les personnes qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à la réalisation de ce travail, et notamment à : Madame Catherine VONTHRON-SENECHAU Pour son aide constante et ses précieux conseils pendant tout la durée de ce travail. J’ai été très content d’avoir travaillé avec toi. Merci Monsieur le Professeur Robert ANTON Directeur du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Strasbourg Pour l'accueil chaleureux que vous nous avez toujours réservé dans votre Laboratoire et je souhaite que cette collaboration initiée se poursuive. Veuillez trouver ici l'expression de notre profonde gratitude. Madame Annelise LOBSTEIN Pour votre accueil dès notre arrivé au Laboratoire, vos conseils et votre disponibilité. Mes sincères remerciements. Monsieur Bernard KUBALLA Pour votre simplicité et disponibilité Martine BERNARD Pour sa bonne humeur et disponibilité. Sincères remerciements Monsieur le Professeur Jacques Henry WEIL Pour votre engagement, votre aide et votre soutien quotidien durant toutes ces années. Vous êtes l’un des pionniers de la création des licence et maîtrise de Biochimie au Bénin. Toute notre gratitude. Monsieur Cyril ANTHEAUME Pour sa gentillesse, sa grande compétence dans le domaine de la RMN et sa contribution à l’élucidation structurale des composés. Monsieur le Professeur Karim DRAMANE Rapporteur externe : vous avez accepté, prendre de votre temps, pour juger cette thèse. Tous nos remerciements. Monsieur le Professeur Mansour MOUDACHIROU Pour votre disponibilité et votre encouragement. Mes sincères remerciements. Docteur Lamine Saïd BABA MOUSSA, Madame Lucie AYI FANOU, Monsieur Nicodème CHABI. Pour vos conseils et encouragement pendant les moments les plus difficiles. Nous ne saurions oublier tous nos collègues et stagiaires du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et du Laboratoire de biochimie et Biologie moléculaire de l’UAC : Saliou N’GOM, CHAABI Mehdi, Inès EDAYE, Tom ADJOBIMEY, Patrice AVOGBE, Bérénice ASSOGBA et Michael MISSIHOUN, avec qui nous avons toujours su entretenir une ambiance chaleureuse et amicale. ABREVIATIONS AcOEt : Acétate d’éthyle ADN : Acide Désoxyribonucléique ALCl3 : Chlorure d’aluminium APCI : Ionisation Chimique à Pression Athmosphérique CCM : Chromatographie sur Couche Mince CH3CN (ACN) : Acétonitrile DDT : Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroéthane DHEA : Déhydroépiandrostérone DHFR : Dihydrofolate synthétase DHPS : Dihydroptéroate synthétase DMSO : Diméthylsulfoxyde EDTA : Acide ethylenediaminetetraacétique ELISA : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ESI : Electrospray (ionisation par électronébulisation) EtOH : Ethanol FAB : Fast Atom Bombardment FBS B : Fast Blue Salt B (3,3’-diméthoxy-biphenyl-4,4’-bis (diazonium dichloride)) HCH : Hexachlorocyclohexane HGPRT : Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyle transférase HMBC : Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation HRP : Histidine Rich Protéine HSQC : heteronuclear single quantum correlation IC50 : Concentration Inhibitrice 50 IE : Impact Electronique IgG : Immunoglobuline G IgM : Immunoglobuline M Jmod : J-modulated spin-echo LDH : Lactate déshydrogénase NAD : Nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide NaHCO3 : Carbonate de sodium NaOH: Hydroxyde de sodium NH4OH: Hydroxyde d’ammonium NP/PEG : Natural Product Polyethylèneglycol NOESY : Nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy OMS : Organisation Mondiale de le Santé PMA : phorbol myristate acetate PCR : Polymérase Chain Reaction QBC : Quantitative Buffy Coat RMN : Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire RNA : Acide ribonucléique Rf : Rapport Frontal RPMI : Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium SbCl : Chlorure d’antimoine SNIGS : Système national d'Information et de Gestion Sanitaire TOCSY : Total Correlated Spectroscopy WHO: World Health Organization Sommaire INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………. 1 Première partie : ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE…………………………………. 6 Chapitre 1 : GENERALITES SUR LE PALUDISME…………………………….. 7 1. Epidémiologie du paludisme………………………………………………….. 8 1.1 Répartition géographique du paludisme………………………………… 8 1.2 Des chiffres alarmants………………………………………………...… 9 2. Le parasite et le vecteur…………………………………………...................... 11 2.1 Le parasite du genre«Plasmodium»………………………..………...…. 11 2.2 Le vecteur «l’Anophèle femelle»…………………………………...…... 12 2.3 Cycle de reproduction des plasmodies……………...…………………... 13 2.3.1 Cycle asexué ou schizogonique chez l’homme…………………………. 13 2.3.2 Cycle sexué ou sporogonie chez l’Anophèle…………………………… 14 3. Symptomatologie………………………………………………………………. 16 3.1 Accès de primo-invasion………………………………………………... 16 3.2 L’invasion……………………………………………………………….. 16 3.3 Les formes cliniques…………………………………………………….. 17 3.4 Les reviviscences………………………………………………………... 17 3.5 Le rythme des accès…………………………………………………….. 18 3.6 Particularités symptomatiques liées aux espèces……………………….. 18 3.7 Fièvre bilieuse hémoglobinurique………………………………………. 19 4. Diagnostic………………………………………………………………………. 20 4.1 Diagnostic clinique……………………………………………………… 21 4.2 Diagnostic basé sur la mise en évidence du parasite……………………. 22 4.2.1 Diagnostic microscopique classique……………………………………. 22 4.2.2 Diagnostic basé sur la détection d’antigènes parasitaires………………. 23 4.2.3 Diagnostic basé sur la détection du matériel génomique du parasite…… 24 5. Traitement du paludisme……………………………………………………… 25 5.1 Les produits disponibles………………………………………………… 26 5.1.1 Les schizontocides………………………………………………………. 26 5.1.2 Les gamétocytocides………...………………………………………….. 29 5.1.3 Les antibiotiques………………………………………………………... 29 5.1.4 Les associations d’antipaludiques………………………………………. 29 5.2 Les produits d’avenir……………………………………………………. 30 5.3 Traitement du paludisme par la médecine traditionnelle …………….… 30 6. Prévention……………………………………………………………………… 31 6.1. Prophylaxie générale……………………………………………………. 32 6.2. Prophylaxie individuelle……………………………………………...… 33 Chapitre 2 : NOUVELLES SUBSTANCES ANTIPALUDIQUES ET LES CIBLES THERAPEUTIQUES…………………..…………………… 34 1. Quelques substances naturelles antipaludiques……………………………... 36 2. Cibles chimiothérapeutiques potentielles chez le Plasmodium……………… 41 2.1. Cibles responsables des processus se produisant dans la vacuole digestive du Plasmodium……………………………………………….. 41 2.1.1. La dégradation de l’hémoglobine……………………………………….. 42 2.1.2. La polymérisation de l’hème……………………………………………. 42 2.1.3. Le stress oxydatif……………………………………………………….. 43 2.2. Cibles intervenant dans la production des enzymes impliquées dans la synthèse macromoléculaires et des métabolites……………………… 44 2.2.1. La glycolyse…………………………………………………………….. 44 2.2.2. Le métabolisme des acides nucléiques………………………………….. 44 Chapitre 3: DESCRIPTION DES PLANTES ETUDIEES……………………...… 48 1. La famille des Amaranthaceae et l’espèce Gomphrena celosioides…………. 50 1.1 La famille des Amaranthaceae………………………………………….. 51 1.1.1. Présentation……………………………………………………………... 51 1.1.2 Intérêt pharmacologique, nutritionnel et commercial…………………... 51 1.1.3 Chimie des Amaranthaceae……………………………………………... 52 1.2 Le genre Gomphrena……………………………………………………. 53 1.2.1 Présentation……………………………………………………………... 53 1.2.2 Propriétés pharmacologiques des Gomphrena…..……………………… 54 1.2.3 Quelques exemples de composés isolés du genre Gomphrena……...….. 55 1.3 L’espèce Gomphrena celosioïdes……………………………………….. 57 1.3.1 Classification……………………………………………………………. 59 1.3.2 Description botanique…………………………………………………... 59 1.3.3 Utilisation dans la médecine traditionnelle……………………………... 60 2. La famille des Euphorbiaceae et l’espèce Croton lobatus………….………… 61 2.1 La famille
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument
    In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt, William L. Halvorson, and Pamela Anning Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B.F., Schmidt, C.A., Halvorson, W.L., and Anning, Pamela, 2008, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Chiricahua National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1023, 104 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1023/]. Cover photo: Chiricahua National Monument. Photograph by National Park Service. Note: This report supersedes Schmidt et al. (2005). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Fauna Survey June 2018
    Burrup Peninsula Interconnector Pipeline Flora and Fauna Survey June 2018 Prepared for DDG Operations Pty Ltd Report Reference: 21244-18-BISR-1Rev0_180803 This page has been left blank intentionally. Burrup Peninsula Interconnector Pipeline Flora and Fauna Survey Prepared for DDG Operations Pty Ltd Job Number: 21244-18 Reference: 21244-18-BISR-1Rev0_180803 Revision Status Rev Date Description Author(s) Reviewer B. Jeanes A 20/07/2018 Draft Issued for Client Review H. Warrener J. Atkinson J. Johnston B. Jeanes 0 03/08/2018 Final Issued for Information H. Warrener J. Atkinson J. Johnston Approval Rev Date Issued to Authorised by Name Signature A 20/07/2018 M. Goodwin R. Archibald 0 03/08/2018 M. Goodwin S. Pearse © Copyright 2018 Astron Environmental Services Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. This document and information contained in it has been prepared by Astron Environmental Services under the terms and conditions of its contract with its client. The report is for the clients use only and may not be used, exploited, copied, duplicated or reproduced in any form or medium whatsoever without the prior written permission of Astron Environmental Services or its client. DDG Operations Pty Ltd Burrup Peninsula Interconnector Pipeline – Flora and Fauna Survey, June 2018 Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition Astron Astron Environmental Services BAM Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 DBNGP Dampier Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline DBCA Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions DEC Department of Environment and Conservation
    [Show full text]
  • A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Brockman Syncline 4 Project Area, Near Tom Price
    AA VVeeggeettaattiioonn aanndd FFlloorraa SSuurrvveeyy ooff tthhee BBrroocckkmmaann SSyynncclliinnee 44 PPrroojjeecctt AArreeaa,, nneeaarr TToomm PPrriiccee Prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd Prepared by JJuulllyy 22000055 Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Brockman Syncline 4 Project Area, near Tom Price © Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 2005 ABN 49 092 687 119 14 View Street North Perth Western Australia 6006 Ph: (08) 9328 1900 Fax: (08) 9328 6138 Project No.: 271 Prepared by: Michi Maier Checked by: Garth Humphreys This document has been prepared to the requirements of the client identified on the cover page and no representation is made to any third party. It may be cited for the purposes of scientific research or other fair use, but it may not be reproduced or distributed to any third party by any physical or electronic means without the express permission of the client for whom it was prepared or Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd. Cube:Current:271 (Brockman 4 Biological):Doc:flora:flora_survey_7.doc 2 A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Brockman Syncline 4 Project Area, near Tom Price A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Brockman Syncline 4 Project Area, near Tom Price Contents 1.0 Summary 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Vegetation 6 1.3 Flora 7 1.4 Management Recommendations 7 2.0 Introduction 9 2.1 Background to the BS4 Project and Location of the Project Area 9 2.2 Scope and Objectives of this Study 9 2.3 Purpose of this Report 12 2.4 Existing Environment 12 3.0 Methodology 18 3.1 Desktop
    [Show full text]
  • Sites of Botanical Significance Vol1 Part1
    Plant Species and Sites of Botanical Significance in the Southern Bioregions of the Northern Territory Volume 1: Significant Vascular Plants Part 1: Species of Significance Prepared By Matthew White, David Albrecht, Angus Duguid, Peter Latz & Mary Hamilton for the Arid Lands Environment Centre Plant Species and Sites of Botanical Significance in the Southern Bioregions of the Northern Territory Volume 1: Significant Vascular Plants Part 1: Species of Significance Matthew White 1 David Albrecht 2 Angus Duguid 2 Peter Latz 3 Mary Hamilton4 1. Consultant to the Arid Lands Environment Centre 2. Parks & Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory 3. Parks & Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory (retired) 4. Independent Contractor Arid Lands Environment Centre P.O. Box 2796, Alice Springs 0871 Ph: (08) 89522497; Fax (08) 89532988 December, 2000 ISBN 0 7245 27842 This report resulted from two projects: “Rare, restricted and threatened plants of the arid lands (D95/596)”; and “Identification of off-park waterholes and rare plants of central Australia (D95/597)”. These projects were carried out with the assistance of funds made available by the Commonwealth of Australia under the National Estate Grants Program. This volume should be cited as: White,M., Albrecht,D., Duguid,A., Latz,P., and Hamilton,M. (2000). Plant species and sites of botanical significance in the southern bioregions of the Northern Territory; volume 1: significant vascular plants. A report to the Australian Heritage Commission from the Arid Lands Environment Centre. Alice Springs, Northern Territory of Australia. Front cover photograph: Eremophila A90760 Arookara Range, by David Albrecht. Forward from the Convenor of the Arid Lands Environment Centre The Arid Lands Environment Centre is pleased to present this report on the current understanding of the status of rare and threatened plants in the southern NT, and a description of sites significant to their conservation, including waterholes.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E Terrestrial Biology
    Alcan Gove Alumina Refinery Expansion Project Appendix E Draft Environmental Impact Statement Terrestrial Biology Alcan Gove Alumina Refinery Expansion Project Appendix E.1 Draft Environmental Impact Statement Flora Species Database Records Alcan Gove Alumina Refinery Expansion Project Appendix E.1 Draft Environmental Impact Statement Flora Species Database Records Appendix E1 Flora Species Records of the Northern Territory Herbarium Database and Environment Australia Listings of Potential Flora Presence Based on Potential Habitat Presence for the Area 12°09’ to 12°15’S; and 136°40’ to 136°50’E Key to Conservation Status Territory Parks and Wildlife Commission Act 2000 LC – Least Concern DD – Data Deficient NE – Not Evaluated Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 V - Vulnerable Nomenclature for native flora follows Wheeler (1992), Wightman & Andrews (1989), Brooker & Kleinig (1994), Brock (2001), except where more recent taxonomic revisions are known to have been published (eg. Checklist of Northern Territory Vascular Plant Species1 Northern Territory Herbarium, 2003), and/or where the Northern Territory recognises a different binomial name. Other texts used to assist in identification include, Yunupinu et al. (1995), Milson (2000), Hacker (1990), Sainty & Jacobs (1994), Stephens & Dowling (2002), Smith (2002), Auld & Medd (1999). Conservation Status Taxon NT Comm. ACANTHACEAE Hypoestes floribunda R.Br. Ruellia tuberosa L. AIZOACEAE Trianthema portulacastrum L. AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera L. Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Stuchlik Amaranthus sp Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Ptilotus spicatus F.Muell. ex Benth. ANACARDIACEAE Buchanania obovata Engl. ANNONACEAE Cyathostemma glabrum (Span.) Jessup Miliusa traceyi Jessup APOCYNACEAE Alyxia spicata R.Br. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Wrightia saligna (R.Br.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Resource Management Plan
    APPLETON-WHITTELL RESEARCH RANCH COORDINATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN The Research Ranch was established in 1968 by the Appleton family as an ecological field station to provide a large scale exclosure by which various land uses and actions in the Southwest could be evaluated. This role, as a control or reference area, creates challenges to land management actions. Each proposed action must be judged not only on the conservation outcome but also on the potential to have adverse impact on the research values for which the field station was established. Effective management for both conservation and research is only possible if all partners are informed and involved. The Research Ranch, approximately 8,000 acres, is a complicated partnership among land owners and federal land administrative agencies: Coronado National Forest (CNF), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Resolution Copper Mining Co. (RCM), The Research Ranch Foundation (TRRF), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and National Audubon Society (NAS or Audubon). NAS manages the facility via contractual agreements with each entity. The Research Ranch is a Center/Sanctuary of NAS, administered through the Audubon Arizona state office in Phoenix. Audubon’s strategic plan is to achieve conservation results on a broad scale by leveraging the NAS network and engaging diverse people; the Research Ranch is evaluated by NAS for its support of the following conservation concerns: Climate Change, Water, Working Lands and Bird Friendly Communities. This Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) constitutes all ownership along with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Arizona Game & Fish Department (AZGF) and US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS). Planned practices to meet goals listed in this CRMP may not necessarily be implemented on all parcels.
    [Show full text]
  • Rangelands, Western Australia
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Flora and Floristic Relationships of the Sierra De La Giganta in Baja California Sur, Mexico Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México León de la Luz, José Luis; Rebman, Jon; Domínguez-León, Miguel; Domínguez-Cadena, Raymundo The vascular flora and floristic relationships of the Sierra de La Giganta in Baja California Sur, Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 79, núm. 1, 2008, pp. 29-65 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42558786034 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79: 29- 65, 2008 The vascular fl ora and fl oristic relationships of the Sierra de La Giganta in Baja California Sur, Mexico La fl ora vascular y las relaciones fl orísticas de la sierra de La Giganta de Baja California Sur, México José Luis León de la Luz1*, Jon Rebman2, Miguel Domínguez-León1 and Raymundo Domínguez-Cadena1 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C. Apartado postal 128, 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico 2San Diego Museum of Natural History. Herbarium. P. O. Box 121390, San Diego, CA 92112 Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. The Sierra de La Giganta is a semi-arid region in the southern part of the Baja California peninsula of Mexico. Traditionally, this area has been excluded as a sector of the Sonoran Desert and has been more often lumped with the dry-tropical Cape Region of southern Baja California peninsula, but this classical concept of the vegetation has not previously been analyzed using formal documentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Vascular Plants of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and Tinajas Altas, Arizona
    CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS OF ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, CABEZA PRIETA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, AND TINAJAS ALTAS, ARIZONA Richard Stephen Felger1,2, Susan Rutman3, Thomas R. Van Devender1,2, and 4,5 Steven M. Buckley 1Herbarium, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 2Sky Island Alliance, P.O. Box 41165, Tucson, AZ 85717 3Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument,10 Organ Pipe Drive, Ajo, AZ 85321 4National Park Service, Sonoran Desert Network, 7660 E. Broadway Blvd., Ste. 303, Tucson, AZ 85710 5School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 ABSTRACT The contiguous Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas region within the Sonoran Desert in southwestern Arizona have a vascular plant flora of 736 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids) in 420 genera and 94 families. Elevation and ecological diversity decrease from east (Organ Pipe) to west (Tinajas Altas) while aridity increases from east to west, all correlating with decreasing botanical diversity. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, which includes an ecologically isolated Sky Island of dwarfed woodland rising above actual desert, has a flora of 657 taxa in 395 genera and 93 families, of which 11 percent (72 species) are not native. Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge has a documented flora of 426 taxa in 266 genera and 63 families, of which 8.8 percent (37 species) are not native. The Tinajas Altas region has a flora of 227 taxa in 164 genera and 47 families, of which 5.3 pecent (12 species) are not native.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT Structure and Function of Ephemeral Streams in the Arid and Semiarid Southwest: Implications for Conservation and Management
    FINAL REPORT Structure and Function of Ephemeral Streams in the Arid and Semiarid Southwest: Implications for Conservation and Management SERDP Project RC-1726 JULY 2015 Juliet Stromberg Erika Gallo Kathleen Lohse Thomas Meixner Eric Moody John Sabo Danika Setaro Arizona State University Distribution Statement A This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
    [Show full text]
  • Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi Caerulescens, the Model Heavy Metal Accumulator Plant
    Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens By Victoria Mills BSc University of Birmingham MSc (Distinction) University of Nottingham Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2009 Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my Mum, Ann, for supporting me both financially and emotionally throughout this course. She has always believed in me and stood by me in my decisions. Without this support and encouragement I would not have achieved everything that I have. I dedicate this thesis to her. Secondly I am grateful for the continued support and belief in me by my fiancé, Phil. Thank you for making sure I was fed during my writing up and for dealing with my stresses! Thanks to my other family members who have always been supportive of me and believed and encouraged me to keep writing, my Grandma Enid, Aunty Vivienne and Uncle Stephen, James and Richard and to my brother and sister, Edward and Emma. Also to my Dad who encouraged me in ways he will never know!! I would like to give a special thank you to my good friend Danny Rigby, my “knight in shining armour” for his expert computer document recovery skills! Thanks for being there to help me in my crisis!! At Nottingham I would like to thank my supervisors Dr M. Broadley and Dr K. Pyke for giving me the opportunity to do my doctoral research, and I would like to thank them for their supervision and guidance. I would like to thank Dr P. White (SCRI) and to Dr J.
    [Show full text]
  • Desert Channels, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]