INDEX

Acarigua, 26, 39, 40, 41, 50 basalt and basic igneous rocks (see also Acurigua, 33 "greenstones," peridotite, etc.), 6,13, Agua Blanca, 44 15, 36, 37, 50, 51, 59, 63-68, 69, 93 Agua Caliente anticline, 25, 27 Barth, T. F. W„ 76, 101 Agua Clara, 33 Bay of Whales (Antarctic), 84 Agua Linda, 32 Beata ridge and trend, 83 Agua Salada Group, 77 Bergantín formation, 43, 74 Agua Santa, 10 Blanquilla (Isl.), 67, 83 Aguerrevere, S. E., 3, 40, 41, 45, 50, 53, Bobare, 37 66, 100 Boca Suata, 52 Algodones, 37 Boca Tocuyo, 35 Altagracia de Orituco, 54, 90, 92 Boca Unare, 57 ammonites, 42, 52-53, 63, 70, 79 Bochalema, 28 amphibolites, 66, 67, 68 Boconó, 16 Andean geosyncline, 49 Bolivar coast and trend, 10, 11, 83 Andes (Venezuelan), 6, 9, 13-32, 39, 89, Bonaire (Isl.), 66, 69-71 93, 98 Bonazzi, Augusto, 4 Andes, structural plan, 19-22 Borracha (Isl.), 39, 55, 61, 73, 75 andesites, 69, 93 Bowler, F. W„ 103 Anegada Passage, 83 breccia, gigantic, 57 Angel Fall, 100 Brineman, J. H., 103 Antillean revolution, 82 Brownson trough, 75 Antilles, Greater, 83 Bucaramanga, 16 Antilles, Lesser, 84 Buena Vista (Falcón), 63 Antímano, 51 Bucher, W. H„ 20, 21, 24, 29, 84, 101 antithetic faults, 88-90 Buchivacoa, 34, 35 Aptian, 42 basin, 93-95 Cabimas, 10 Aramina formation, 59 Cabo Blanco, 61 Araya Peninsula, 73, 75, 77, 78, 82 Cabo Blanco formation, 48, 61 Aroa, 33, 39, 40 Cabo Codera, 49 Aroa Mtns., 55 Cabo La Vela (Goaj.), 65 Aruba (Isl.), 66, 67, 71, 83 Cabure, 32, 36 Augengneiss, 40, 46, 50 Cagua, 45 Azulita, 16 Caigua, 61 Camatagua, 60 Bailey, E. B., 58, 101 Camoruco, 40 Balk, Robert, 76, 101 Campo , 44 Baragua, 32, 36, 37 Cantaura, 90 Barbados (Isl.), 75 Caparo, 19 Barcelona (Anzoát.), 39, 58, 61, 73, 91, Capaya, 41 92 Caraballeda, 49 Barco Concession, 5 , 40, 43, 44, 46, 48-51, 63 , 15, 16, 17, 23, 24 Caracas Series, 48, 50, 54 Barinas, basin and furrow, 23, 24, 26, 29 Carache, 16 Barinitas, 15 Carapita formation, 58, 82 , 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 49, 55, Carenero, 59 68 Cariaco (Gulf), 67, 76, 77 Barranca basin, 35 Caribbean basin, 6, 62, 82-84 Barranquin formation, 61, 67, 68, 74-79, Caribbean Mountains, see Western, East- 85 ern Caribbean Mtns.

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Caribbean Series, 39, 40-49 Cordillera de la Costa (West Caribbean Carora, 34, 36, 37, 42, 46, 55, 68 Mtns.), 32, 39, 40, 46, 48-50, 55, 60, Carpintero Hills, 64 62, 74, 82 Carrizal (), 56 Cordillera Oriental, 5, 20, 25, 29 Carrizal formation, 94 Córdoba, 25-27 Carúpano, 75-78, 80 Coro, 36 Catia, 48, 51 Corrigan, F. P., 4 Caucagua (), 44, 49, 73 Cortese, E., 78, 101 Caudri, C. M. B., 54, 101 crinoid-bearing limestones, see Permo- Caujarao reef limestone, 34 Carboniferous cayos, 33 Cúa, 40, 44 Central Range (Trinidad), 81, 86 Cubagua (Isl.), 71 Cerro Auyan-, 100 Cuesta Torres, 37 Cerro Azul, 15 Cumaca formation, 58 Cerro Bolívar, 98 Cumaná, 76, 77 Cerro Campana, 33 Cumarebo anticline, 35 Cerro Caracaricoro, 99 Cunningham-Craig, 79 Cerro El Corazón, 81 Curaçao (Isl.), 66, 69, 70, 71, 83 Cerro La Luz, 63 Curamichate, 35 Cerro Las Iglesias, 14 Cerro Maraure, 36 Dallmus, K. F„ 3, 58, 59, 99, 101 Cerro Mataire, 36 Davey, John, 3, 99, 101, 103 Cerro Misión, 34 Delgado, C„ 101 Cerro Misión shale, 32 Devonian slates and phyllites, 13 Cerro Monte Cristo, 99 diabase, 65-67, 69, 70 Cerro Pelado formation, 32, 37 diapir structures, 87 Cerro , 100 diorite, 50, 67-69 Cerro Santa Ana, 36, 63 Duaca, 40 Cerro Teta, 65, 70 Durante, F„ 4 Cerro Tiramuto, 37 Durigua, 37 Cerro Turumiquire, 74 Dusenbury, A. N., 41, 68, 101 Chachopo, 15 Dutch Islands, 65-67, 69 Charallave, 44, 45 Dutchess Co. (N. Y.), 76, 77 Charallave conglomerate, 45, 46, 50, 52, 54, 60 Earthquakes, 18, 60 chert, 27, 42, 44, 52, 58, 65, 66, 69, 70, Eastern Caribbean Mtns., 39, 73-85 78, 93, 97 Eastern Venezuelan Basin, 85-95 Chichiriviche (Falcón), 33, 34, 62 eclogites, 51 Chimaná formation, 43, 77, 78 Egido, 16 Chimaná Grande (Isl.), 43, 77, 85 El Baúl, 16, 37, 91 Chimaná Islands, 61 El swell, 93-95 Chorrero-Topeya, 37 El Cantil formation, 43, 61, 77, 78 Churuguará, 32, 33, 35 El Cardón, 63 Ciudad Bolivia, 13, 15, 26 El Carito, 61 Cizancourt, H. de, 63, 101 El Chaparro, 91 Cloos, Ernst, 90, 101 El Cobre, 13, 15, 16 Cloos, Hans, 88, 101 El Encantado, 43 Cogollo 1.8., 8, 17, 41-45, 51, 54, 57, 79 El Fausto formation, 9 Colón, 19, 25-27 El Latón, 44 Colón shale, 8, 27, 37, 42, 44, 79, 81 El Mene (Falcón), 35 Concepción oil field, 7 El Mercado, 93 Cordero (Táchira), 16, 19, 26, 27 El Milagro formation, 5, 7, 9, 11 Cordillera de la Costa (East Caribbean El Palito, 41 Mtns.), 75, 78, 80 El Pao (Mine, Bolívar), 4, 97, 98

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El Peru, 4 granite porphyry, 6, 18, 19, 93, 94 granodiorite, 70 El Pilar (Anzoát.), 59 Gran Roque (Isl.), 67 El Pilar (), 75-78 , 100 El Pilón, 95 graptolite-bearing slates, 13, 14 El Tigre (), 7 greenstone, 13, 15, 50, 51, 52, 80 El Vigía, 23 Guanape conglomerate, 58 en echelon folds, 5, 10, 11, 82, 83 Guara-Leona fault, 90 en echelon faults (fractures), 25, 27-29, Guarumen s.s. group, 57, 58 69, 71, 90 Guatire, 60 Engleman, Rolf, 13, 102 Erin Point (Trin.), 87 Guayana shield, 82, 88, 95, 96-100 Estanques, 17 Gulf of Barcelona, 59, 61 exotic blocks, 52, 55, 57, 58, 69, 88 Gulf of Cariaco, 67, 76, 77 Gulf of Paria, 73 Falcón, 9, 23, 31-37, 56, 60, 77, 83 Gulf of Venezuela, 9 Falcon Furrow, 20, 31, 35, 56, 63 fault pattern, 10, 20-23, 25-29, 83-90 Halse, G. W„ 31, 34-36, 101 faults, antithetic, 88 Hassler, R. H., 4 faults, en echelon, see en echelon faults Hato Viejo formation, 94 faults, normal 20, 27, 48, 51, 53, 83, 88-90 Hedberg, F., 101 faults, recent, 18 Hedberg, Hollis, D., 3, 39, 40, 42, 55, 58, faults, strike slip, 76 74-77, 79-82, 85, 88, 90, 94, 101, 102 faults, tear, 28, 85, 86 Heim, Albert, 58, 59, 102 faults, thrust, 27, 48, 60, 61, 75, 86, 87, Hess, H. H„ 3, 51, 63, 67-69, 74, 83, 102 91 Hispaniola, 83 Ferguson, H. G„ 33, 103 Hitchcock, C. B„ 102 Figarelli, A. de, 4 Hollis Reservoir, 79 fold pattern, 10-11, 34-36 Hollister, J. S., 1 form lines, 9, 24, 31, 85, 95 Hubman, C. W., 103 fracture pattern (see also fault pattern), Huespen, 67 21-23 Hummelinck, B. W., 66, 71, 102 Freeman, C. A., 101 Hutchinson, A. G., 79, 102 Freites formation, 88 Fundación, 19, 26 Icotea formation, 9 Funkhouser, H. J., 88, 90, 102 Iglesias series, 14 furrow, defined, 20 Imataca range and series, 97-99 imbricated structure, 60, 75, 86 gabbro, 37, 67, 100 Inciarte uplift, 6, 78, 94 Galera series, 58 intrusives, see basic igneous rocks, gran- galeras, 23, 57, 58 ite, etc. Garaúnos, 76 iron formation, 97, 98 gasoclastic sediments, 87 isograds, 76 Gerth, H., 79, 102 itabirites, 97, 98 Gillard, E. T„ 100, 102 Girón formation, 8, 65, 70 Jamaica (Isl.), 83 glaucophane rocks, 51 Johns Valley shale (Okla.), 52 Globigerina shale, 32 Johnson, Nevin, 4 Goajira peninsula, 8, 63-66, 68, 70 Jurassic, Upper, 49 Gonzales de Juana, CI. 3, 51, 69, 71, 79, 102 Karsten, Hermann, 54, 102 graben, 20, 60 Kay, M. Kamen, 3, 57, 58, 102 granite, 6, 14-20, 37, 40, 50, 51, 64, 65, 93, Kehrer, Louis, 1, 3, 13, 15, 27, 40-42, 48, 94, 97, 98 55, 58, 63, 102 granite bodies (representation), 50 Knip formation, 66

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Knoxville series (Calif.), 49 , 40, 41, 50 Kugler, H. G„ 3, 31-33, 35, 36, 68, 75, Margarita (Isl.), 63, 67-70 79-81, 86-88, 103 Maturln, 86 Kündig, E., 1, 6, 15, 18, 19, 25, 103 Maxwell, J; C., 3, 68, 69, 102, 103 Media oil field, 32 La Brea, 86 Mencher, E., 3, 48, 52, 103 La Cabrera, 41 Mendoza, 13 laccolithic intrusions, 100 Mene Grande anticline, 10, 11 La Culata, 14 Mene Grande formation, 11 La Florida (Suburb of Caracas), 48, 51 Merecure formation, 74, 81, 82 La Grita, 13 Merey fault, 90 , 48 Mérida, 6, 14-18, 20 Laguna de Tacarigua, 50 Mesa de los Indios, 16 Lagunillas formation, 7 Mesa formation, 59, 82, 90 La Lira, 43 metamorphic rocks, Andes, 40, 46 La Luna formation, 8, 17, 37, 42, 44, 45, metamorphic rocks, El Baül Swell, 93-94 51, 54, 57 metamorphic rocks, East Caribbean Lamare, P., 44, 103 Mtns., 75-80 La Paz (Zulia), 7 metamorphic rocks, West Caribbean La Puerta, 51, 52, 54 Mtns., 39-50, 57, 62 La Puerta formation, 11, 34 metamorphic rocks, Guayana Shield, 97- La Quinta formation, 6-8, 13, 15, 16, 19, 100 26, 40, 63, 65, 67, 70, 94, 99 metavolcanic rocks, 63-68 La Sabana, 49 Michay, 23, 24 Las Brisas formation, 41-45, 48, 50 Michelena, 15, 16, 27 Las Mercedes formation, 43-45 Midden Curaçao formation, 70, 71 Las Orchilas (Isl.), 67, 83 migmatites, 40 Las Piedras formation, 88 Mina (Nev.), 33 Leuzinger, P., 3 Miranda, 50 Liddle, R. A., 13, 39, 94, 103 Misoa formation, 32 Lippert, T. W., 98, 103 Molengraaff, G. J. H., 66, 71, 103 Locher, Eugen, 4 Monte Carmelo, 23 Lomas Parmanitas, 99 Moore, B. N., 3, 93 López, V. M., 1, 3, 40, 49, 55, 66, 101, Moore, R. C., 52, 58, 103 103, 104, 105 moraine, faulted, 18 Los Bajos fault, 86 Moroturo, 39 Los Caracas, 49 morros, 53-55 Los Colorados facies, 44 Morro de Unare, 55 Los Frailes (Isl.), 69 Moruga formation, 87 Los Hermanos (Isl.), 67 Mount Morish formation, 81 Los Indios Range, 32 Mucuchachi, 13 Los Roques (Isl.), 67 mud volcanoes, 86-88 Los Santos, 16 Muller, S. W., 33, 103 "lost worlds", 100 Los Yavos, 42, 55, 56 Nagelfluh (Alps), 56, 59 Naricual, 85 Machiques, 6 Navassa-Jamaica Passage, 83 Macoa spur, 6 Nazaret, 70 mafic intrusives, see basic igneous rocks Negra Point (Trin.), 86 Magdaleno, 45 Nirgua, 40 Maiquetia, 46, 48, 50, 51, 61 Basin, 5-11, 23, 24, 27, 31, 35 Notestein, F. B., 5, 103 Maracaibo Lake, 9, 31, 83 Maracaibo Swell, 6, 9, 35 Oca fault, 8 Ocumare de la Costa, 40, 50

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Ocumare del Tuy, 44 Puerto La Cruz (Anzoát.), 39 Officina oil field, 85, 88 Puerto Pxritu, 39, 59, 60 Ojo de Agua formation, 33 Puerto Real (Isl.), 69 orbitoidal reef limestone, 81 Puerto Rico (Isl.), 83 Orchilla (Isl.), 83 Punta Carnero, 68, 69 Ordovician graptolite slates, 13, 14 Punta de la Sabana, 55, 56 Orinoco Delta, 99 Punta de Piedras, 81 Orinoco River, 85, 90-92, 95, 97, 98 Punta Espada, 70 orogenic movements, phases, 11, 13-17, Punta Galera (Trin.), 73 31-34, 51-62, 68-71, 80-82, 93-94, Punta Gavilan formation, 48 98-99 Punta Masparro, 61 orogenic movements, shortness of 33 Punta Mosquito, 71 Ortiz, 57, 60 Pyre, Augustin, 3, 77, 81 overthrust (see also thrust), 27, 48, 57, pyroxenite, 51 60, 61, 82, 92 quartz diorite, 63, 66, 67 Pakaraima Range, 99 quartz porphyry, 65, 70 Palúa, 4, 97 Quaternary coral limestone, 66 Paraguaná Peninsula, 36, 63-64 Quebrada de Cara, 49 Paraguaná axis, 36, 37, 95 Quebrada de Carapita, 58 Páramo de los Conejos, 19 Quebrada de Silva, 42 Parapara, 37 Quebrada Tacagua, 48 Pardo, Georges, 3, 51, 52, 58 Queniquea, 14-16 Paria, Gulf, 73 Querecual formation, 44, 78 Paria, Peninsula, 75, 78 Parima Range, 99 radiolarites, 66, 70 Parra, D., 105 Rankin, M., 4 pattern, see fault pattern, fold pattern Reed, R. D., 1 Pedernales, 86 reef limestones, 32-34, 36, 42-44, 54, 66, Pedregosa, 33 68-71, 77, 81 peridotite, 37, 50, 51, 63, 65, 67 Renz, H. H., 32, 34, 103 Permo-Carboniferous limestone, 13-15, reworked fossils, 53 40, 65 rhyolites, 6, 93 Peru, 79 rifts (Calif.), 76 Petare, 41, 43 Rincón formation, 69 phosphate deposits, 67 Rio Anauco, 48 phthanite, 44 Río Apure, 95 Pico Bolivar, 14 Río Arature, 99 Pico de Naiguatá, 46 Río Aroa, 39, 60 piedmont terraces, 17 Río Batatuy, 13 piercement structures, 87 Río Boconó, 16 Pijpers, P. J., 66, 103 Río Caparo, 13, 14, 16 Pimentel, Humberto, 4 Río Caroní, 98, 99 pinnate fractures, 90 Río Casanay, 76 Pitigao, 44 Río Chama, 14, 17 Point-a-Pierre formation, 81 Río Chirgua, 59 Pozón, 35 Río Chuao, 62 Precambrian, 13, 14, 20, 23, 24, 93, 97- Río , 42 100 Río Cotiza, 48 Pregonero, 15, 16 Río Cuyubini, 99 Pueblo Nuevo, 63 Río de Oro anticline, 6, 9 Pueblo Viejo anticline, 10, 11 Río Gamboa, 48 Puerto Arturo, 17 Río Guaire, 41, 42 Puerto Cabello, 41 Río Guárico, 45, 51, 52, 60, 68

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Río Guasare, 7 San Luis reef limestone, 32, 33, 36 Río Guëgue, 32, 33, 35, 36 San Pedro (Calif.), 33 Río Lobatera, 27 San Rafael (Mérida), 19 Río Mitare, 33, 35 San Rafael de Onoto, 40 Río Momboy group, 13-15 San Sebastian, 51-54 Río Motatan, 14, 17 San Thomé, 90 Río Mucutíes, 17 Santa Ana (Anzoát.), 91, 92 Río Negro formation, 8, 42 Santa Anita formation, 61, 81 Río Querecual, 59, 75, 82, 85 Santa Barbara (Barinas), 13, 14, 16 Río Quinimari, 28 Santa Inés (Anzoát.), 90 Río Santo Domingo, 16 Santa Inés formation, 58, 61, 82 Río Sarare, 59, 73 Santa Lucía (Miranda), 43, 60 Río Socuavo, 6 Santa María de Ipire, 91, 92 Río Socuy, 7 Santa Rita conglomerate, 32 Río Suata, 91 Santa Rosa oil field, 85, 91, 92 Río Táchira, 27 Santo Domingo (Tachira), 26, 28 Río Tarra, 5 Santo Domingo (Antill.), 83 Río Tigre, 90 Sarare, 40 (see also Rio Sarare) Río Tocuyo, 33 Sass, L. C., 88, 90, 102 Río Torbes, 17 Schaub, H. P., 9, 11, 103 Río Tuy, 55, 58-60, 73 Schuchert, Charles, 39, 103 Río Uñare, 39, 90-92 Schürmann, H. M. E., 15, 29, 104 Río , 60 sea floor, depth, 62, 74 Río Zulia, 5 sedimentary volcanism, 87 Rivero, Mrs. F. C., 53 Senn, Alfred, 31, 36, 104 river terraces, 17 Seroe di Cueba series, 71 Röhl, Ed., 4 Seroe Teintje limestone, 69, 70 Rohr, C., 49 serpentine, 51, 63, 65, 67 Rojas, Eitel, 104, 105 Serranía de Cocina, 64, 65, 70 Roraima series, 99-100 Serranía de Imataca, 99 Ross Shelf ice (Antarct.), 84 Serranía de Jarare, 64, 70 Rost, M., 66, 103 Serranía de Trujillo, 10 Rubio, E., 3, 103 Serranía del Interior (East Caribbean Rubio, 28 Mtns.), 75, 78, 82 Rutten, L., 66, 69, 83, 103 Serranía del Interior (West Caribbean Mtns.), 39, 43, 49, 80 Sabana Grande, 92 Serranía Macuire, 64, 65, 70 Sabaneta formation, 13, 33, 35, 94 shear fractures, oblique, angle of, 90 Sacacual Group, 74, 82, 92 Sicarigua, 46 Saint Croix, 83 Sierra de Agua Negra, 32 Salazar, J. del C„ 4 Sierra de Lema, 100 San Antonio (Colombia), 28 Sierra de Perijá, 5, 7, 9, 26, 27, 29, 42, San Antonio formation, 44, 78, 80 63-65, 79 San Carlos (Cojedes), 39, 40, 42, 57 Sierra de San Luis, 32 San Casimiro, 44 Sierra de Santo Domingo, 13 San Felipe (Yarac.), 40, 41 Sierra del Norte, 14, 16, 19 San Félix (Bolívar), 97, 98 Sierra Maestra (Cuba), 83 San Fernando (Trin.), 86, 87 Sierra Nevada (Calif.), 79 San Jacinto, 37 Sierra Nevada de Mérida, 13 San Joaquín (Anzoát.), 91, 92 Sierra Pakaraima, 100 San Juan de los Morros, 45, 50, 51, 53- Sievers, W., 46, 104 55, 57, 68, 81 sills, 100 San Juan sandstone, 81 Soebi Blanco congl., 70 San Lorenzo (Zulia), 10 Soldado Rock, 81

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Spath, L. F., 79, 104 ultramafic rocks, see greenstones, peri- Staff of Caribbean Company, 5-7, 10, 11, dotites 104 unconformities, 5, 7, 16, 17, 31-34, 51- structure pattern, 25-29, 60-62, 71, 73, 60, 68-71, 80-82, 93-94, 98-99 82-84 Urama, 41 Stutzer, Otto, 64, 65, 70, 104 Urena, 27 subaqueous sliding, 55 Urica, 81 Suter, H. H., 35, 104 Urumaco, 35 Sutton, F. A., 3, 9, 104 Valencia, 39, 43 Tabaquite, 87 Valencia, Lake, 41, 45, 60 Táchira, 24, 42, 46 Valera, 15 Táchira depression, 17, 20, 25-29 Vallecito, 95 Tarra anticline, 5, 6 Valle de Guanape, 58 Tasajeras anticline, 27 Valle de Pascua, 90, 92 Tate, G. H. H., 100, 104 Variscan orogeny, 15 tear faults, see faults Vialarte, 43 Tello B., Manuel, 97, 104 Vidono shale, 80 Temblador formation, 88 Villa de Cura series, 40, 51, 53 Temblador oil field, 89 Virgin Islands, 83 terraces, fluviatile, 17 volcanic plugs, 35, 65 terraces, marine, 60 volcanic rocks, 65, 69, 93 Terry, A. A., 13, 104 von Humboldt, A., 51 Thomas, H. D„ 79, 104 thrust faults, see faults Tía Juana, 10 Washikemba formation, 66 Tinaco, 37, 40, 50, 51 Wells, J. W„ 68 Tinaquillo, 44, 51, 63 Westermann, J. H., 66, 104 Toas (Isl.), 7, 8, 63, 64 Western Caribbean Mtns., 39-62, 73-75, Tobago (Isl.), 68 80-84, 92 Toco Bay, 79 Whitcroft, T. H., 83, 104 Tomón sandstone, 16, 18, 19, 27, 37, 41, Winkler, V. C., 3 42, 46, 48 Wilson, C. O., 86, 104 Torondoy, 16, 25-28 Wilson, J. G., 3, 93 Totumo-Inciarte uplift, 5, 6, 94 Wolcott, P. P., 3, 41, 49, 55, 58, 59, 101, Trampa, 23, 24 104 Trechmann, C. T., 79, 104 Woodring, W. P., 33, 104 Trinidad (Isl.), 35, 42, 73, 75, 79-83, 85-92 Yaracuy, 39 Trujillo, 15, 16 Yaritagua, 55 Tucupito, 88 tuffs, 65, 66, 69, 70, 93, 99 Tumerino, 54 Zenda member, 41-44, 48 Tunapui, 76 zircon, 97 Tupute shale, 32 Zuloaga, G., 3, 40, 41, 46, 48, 50, 97, 99 Tuy formation, 59 101, 104 Tyler, S. A., 97, 104 Zumbador Pass, 15, 16, 27

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