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University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will fin d a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company 73-2089 NOTHHAFT, Carl George, 1939- A CRITICAL REVIEW OF NEWS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMMING AT WKBS TV IN PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Mass Communications University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1 9 7 3 CARL GEORGE NOTHHAFT ALL RIGfirS RESERVED TUIC nicccDTATinM HAQ RFPN MirRnpi! MFn EXACTLY AS RECEIVED I ' 73-2089 NOTHHAFT, Carl George, 1939- A CRITICAL REVIEW OF NEWS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMMING AT WKBS TV IN PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Mass Communications University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1 9 7 3 CARL GEORGE NOTHH.AFT ALL RIGHTS RLSLRVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indi St i net print. Filmed as received. University M icrofilm s, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kaiser has become a name synonymous with the pioneering spirit. It has been at the forefront in many fields -- roads, dams, ships, steel, aluminum, cars and jeeps and UHF television. Now another opportunity is at hand, that is, to shed many of the shackles of traditional local television journalism and set out in a new exciting direction. Because Kaiser Broadcasting Corporation has a very enlightened management taam that wants to e sta b lish a major news and public affairs service, this researcher has devoted a great deal of time in completing this painstaking study of how WKBS TV might become the most viable, relevant, involved and different television journalistic force in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. 1 would lik e to express my appreciation to the management of WKBS TV and Kaiser Broadcasting Corporation for permitting me to do this study and in doing so allowed me to use the station's records and files, to conduct interviews with the station's personnel, to examine other data pertinent to the study, and to direct a comprehensive survey of the station's potential audience. 1 am further indebted to my dissertation adviser. Dr. Richard M. M all, for h is counseling, and to Dr. Walter B. Emery and Dr. Keith Brooks, who stepped in to provide valued guidance as the project neared its completion. Special thanks are always in order for my wife, Carol, who is a beacon of understanding and encouragement. i i VITA July 10, 1939 ........................ Born - Sharon, Pennsylvania 1963................................................ B.A., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, Cum Laude 1964-1965 .................................. Anchorman, WJIM AM and TV, Lansing, Michigan 1965-1967 .................................. Anchorman, WFMJ TV, Youngstown, Ohio 1966................................................. M.A., Kent State U n iv ersity , Kent, Ohio 1967-1969 .................................. A ssista n t News Director and Co-Anchorman, WLWC TV, Columbus Ohio 1969-Present............................. News D irector and Anchorman, WKBS TV, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Speech Communication Study emphasis in broadcasting, journalism, English and political science 1 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNCWLEDGMENTS.................................... ' ........................................................................i i VITA........................................................................................................................................... i i i LIST OF CHARTS.....................................................................................................................v i LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................v i i Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1 General Introduction Statement Justification Definition of Terms Methods and Procedures Previous Research II. PHILADELPHIA MARKET................................................................................26 Community Needs and In terests Television Stations I I I . ORGANIZATION..............................................................................................82 Station/Corporation News Public Affairs IV. NEWS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS - - PRIOR TO THE HIATUS. 99 Schedules Formats Equipment Content V. HIATUS.......................................................................................................129 VI. NEWS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS — DURING THE HIATUS. 136 Schedules Formats Equipment Content IV Page VII. SUMMARY. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................156 Summary Conclusions Recommendations APPENDK A...........................................................................................................................................197 B.......................................................................................................................................... 208 C..........................................................................................................................................264 D..........................................................................................................................................268 E...........................................................................................................................................275 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................. 278 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1. Station Organization .....................•......................................................................83 2. News Department Organization ................................... 90 v i LIST OF TABLES Tcge Table 1. Number of Television Stations Reporting Profit or Loss. 16 2 . News Department Work Schedule .................................. ..................................97 3. Broadcast Revenues, Expenses and Income of Television , . .130 4. News Costs at T7KBS TV 1968-1970 .................................................................133 v i i CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Philadelphia T elev isio n Market is b a s ic a lly composed of the eight counties which surround the City of Philadelphia -- Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester and Delaware in Pennsylvania; Burlington, Camden and Gloucester in New Jersey. This area is defined as the Philadelphia Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) by the U.S. government's O ffice of Management and Budget and is estim ated by the 1 Census Bureau to have a population of 5.1 million people. The American Research Bureau, a major television audience rating service more commonly known as ARB, also considers this eight county area in compiling its most important Metro (or home county) Rating for Philadelphia stations. It should also be noted that Philadelphia television signals are received beyond this "home county" area in outlying counties called ADI (area of dominant influence) by ARB. An ADI rating is taken which includes three counties in the State of Delaware, one in Maryland, 12 in New Jersey and 18 in Pennsylvania. The additional counties in the ADI raise 2 the potential audience to 8.9 million people. This study is primarily concerned with the Philadelphia SMSA or Metro Area where Philadelphia television stations are licensed "1970 Population and Housing Characteristics for Municipalities in the Delaware Valley Region," Delaware Valley Data, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission, September 1971, No. 3, p. 1. 2 "Counties Included in Survey Area," Philadelphia ARB Television Market, May 1972, p. 3. to operate. The outlying counties in the ADI generally have their own television or radio stations
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