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Siren Feasibility Report Final Report

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Siren Feasibility Report Final Report Siren Feasibility Report Final Report PREPARED JULY 2020 FOR THE CITY OF MALIBU, CALIFORNIA MissionCriticalPartners.com Dallas Office | 502 N. Carroll Ave. Suite 120 | Southlake, TX 76092 | 888.8.MCP.911 or 888.862.7911 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 1 1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 2 2 Methodology............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Project Kickoff Meeting .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2 On-Site Information Gathering ............................................................................................... 3 2.3 Sound Propagation Analysis .................................................................................................. 3 2.4 OWS Planning Study ............................................................................................................. 4 3 Findings .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Sites ...................................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Current State of Alert and Notification .................................................................................... 5 4 Assessment............................................................................................................................. 8 4.1 Technology Overview ............................................................................................................ 8 4.1.1 Principle of Sound ............................................................................................................................... 8 4.1.2 Outdoor Sound Propagation ............................................................................................................... 9 4.1.3 Siren Sound Generation .................................................................................................................... 10 4.1.4 Siren Sound Propagation/Coverage ................................................................................................. 11 4.1.5 Siren Performance Measurements ................................................................................................... 11 4.1.6 Siren System Features ...................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.7 Market Research ............................................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Alert and Notification Operational Overview ......................................................................... 14 4.2.1 Operationalizing Alerting ................................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Siren Coverage Predictions ................................................................................................. 16 4.4 Inter-connecting Network ..................................................................................................... 19 5 Options .................................................................................................................................. 21 5.1 Option #1 – 6 Sites, High Power Sirens ............................................................................... 21 5.2 Option #2 – 20 Sites, Mix of High and Low Power Sirens ..................................................... 22 5.3 Option #3 – 33 Sites, Low Power Sirens .............................................................................. 23 6 Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 25 Appendix A – Siren Coverage Maps ............................................................................................ 26 Appendix B – Alerting Technologies ............................................................................................ 40 Appendix C – Product Information ............................................................................................... 45 Appendix D – Additional Resources for Emergency Alerting and Communication ....................... 48 i Table of Figures Figure 1: DSA Directional Speaker Array (Federal Signal) ........................................................................... 11 Figure 2: WPS4000 Series Rotating Siren (Whelen) .................................................................................... 11 Figure 3: WPS2900 Series Omni-directional Siren (Whelen) ....................................................................... 11 Figure 4: Digital VHF Coverage Study........................................................................................................... 20 Table of Tables Table 1: Sound Loss Indoors ........................................................................................................................... 9 Table 2: Siren Manufacturers ........................................................................................................................ 14 Table 3: Coverage Modeling Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 18 Table 4: Sound Levels (dB) and Relative Loudness of Typical Noise Sources ............................................ 19 Table 5: Network Solutions Advantages and Disadvantages ....................................................................... 20 Table 6: Option #1 Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................. 21 Table 7: Option #2 Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................. 23 Table 8: Option #3 Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................. 24 ii Executive Summary Mission Critical Partners, LLC (MCP) was retained by the City of Malibu, California, to investigate the feasibility of providing a siren alerting and warning system. The intent of the system is to provide mass alerting and warning in the event of natural and manmade disasters including wildfires, terrorist events, and severe weather. MCP would like to thank Malibu public safety employees for providing outstanding support throughout the feasibility study. A siren alerting system is an outdoor warning system (OWS) designed to alert/warn the public of an event or possible event, depending on how it is utilized. While there may be instances where someone will hear a siren indoors, depending on the construction of the building, location, and distance from the siren, siren systems are for outdoor alerting. Indoor notification is not guaranteed. Sirens are just one tool used in a public safety alerting strategy and complement the use of other alerting tools. Sirens can be tone-only or both tone and voice. Voice systems, while helpful to relay messages, also are difficult to implement in a large area with multiple sirens. The location and distance from systems and other natural and manmade obstructions, as well as atmospheric conditions, will affect the intelligibility of the outdoor message. Voice and tone components of a siren system can be integrated into indoor public address (PA) systems with additional equipment and configuration to enhance the system. Siren systems are used to alert the public of an imminent threat. With tone systems, the activation of the sirens alerts the public to the threat; the public then should seek other information on the threat. A voice/tone system will provide the alert with a message regarding the threat and what to do. Modeled voice coverage intelligibility and coverage area will differ depending on atmospheric conditions. MCP worked with the Malibu public safety group to identify the City-owned properties that could support a siren. Once the properties were identified, sound propagation studies were performed to provide maximum coverage within Malibu’s city limits. The models then were adjusted to provide maximum coverage within the city limits but reducing the possible sound coverage into neighboring jurisdictions. It is not possible to provide maximum coverage without some sound entering neighboring jurisdictions. MCP estimates between 20 to 33 sirens are necessary to provide appropriate coverage in key identified areas. Final siren placements will be critical to ensure coverage during Santa Ana winds. Coverage can be obtained using a minimum of 20 sirens, but due to terrain, accessibility, and landowner permissions additional sirens may be needed. A detailed engineering design, to include final siren locations, will be necessary to determine the actual siren count and provide the predicted coverage. The estimated installation cost of the siren system is $1.2 million to $1.9 million. These estimates were established on a base siren installation. Local code and enhanced installation costs due to final locations have not been considered. A detailed engineering design also will be required for final costing. 1 1 Background The City of Malibu (City) sought
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