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Zur Morphologie Und Vererbung Des Polydaktylie-Luxations-Syndroms Bei Dem Wistar-Rattenstamm Shoe: WIST (Shoe)

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Zur Morphologie Und Vererbung Des Polydaktylie-Luxations-Syndroms Bei Dem Wistar-Rattenstamm Shoe: WIST (Shoe) Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Zur Morphologie und Vererbung des Polydaktylie- Luxations-Syndroms bei dem Wistar-Rattenstamm Shoe:WIST(Shoe) INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Veterinärmedizin - Doctor medicinae veterinariae - (Dr. med. vet.) vorgelegt von Christine Krüger Hameln Hannover 2012 Wissenschaftliche Betreuung: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. vet. Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Ph.D., Institut für Pathologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover 1. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. vet. Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Ph. D. 2. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. vet. Michael Fehr Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.11.2012 meinen Eltern 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................... 1 2 Literaturübersicht ...............................................................................................3 2.1 Embryonale Gliedmaßenentwicklung ........................................................... 3 2.2 Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen des Menschen .................................................... 4 2.2.1 Klassifikation ......................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Ätiologie ................................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 Häufigkeit ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.4 Fehlbildungen des Zeugo- und Autopodium beim Menschen ............. 14 2.2.4.1 Zeugopodium ............................................................................... 14 2.2.4.2 Autopodium .................................................................................. 17 2.2.4.2a Tarsus ........................................................................................ 18 2.2.4.2b Metatarsus und Zehen ............................................................... 19 2.3 Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen bei Tieren .......................................................... 28 2.3.1 Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen bei Hund und Katze ................................... 28 2.3.2 Tiermodelle für Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen .......................................... 30 2.4 Der Rattenstamm Shoe:WIST und seine Verwendung .............................. 35 3 Material und Methoden .................................................................................... 37 3.1 Tiere ........................................................................................................... 37 3.1.1 Euthanasie .......................................................................................... 38 3.2 Röntgenologische Untersuchungen ........................................................... 38 3.2.1 Auswertung ......................................................................................... 39 3.3 Kreuzungsexperimente .............................................................................. 43 3.4 Statistische Auswertung ............................................................................. 45 4 Ergebnisse ........................................................................................................ 46 I 4.1 Morphologie ............................................................................................... 46 4.1.1 Äußerlich sichtbare Veränderungen und klinisches Bild ..................... 46 4.1.2 Röntgenologische Untersuchung ........................................................ 48 4.1.2.1 Beckengürtel und Oberschenkel .................................................. 48 4.1.2.2 Patella .......................................................................................... 48 4.1.2.3 Tibia und Fibula ........................................................................... 51 4.1.2.4 Tarsus .......................................................................................... 56 4.1.2.4.a Mediale Tarsalknochen .............................................................. 57 4.1.2.4.b Tarsale Zusatzknochen.............................................................. 58 4.1.2.4.c Mittlere und distale tarsale Reihe ............................................... 60 4.1.2.4.d Talus .......................................................................................... 63 4.1.2.4.e Calcaneus .................................................................................. 65 4.1.2.5 Metatarsus ................................................................................... 67 4.1.2.5.a Distale Epiphysenfuge ............................................................... 67 4.1.2.5.b Metatarsale Knochenverkürzungen ........................................... 67 4.1.2.5.c Metatarsale Knochenverformungen ........................................... 68 4.1.2.6 Digiti ............................................................................................. 71 4.1.2.6.a Triphalangie ............................................................................... 71 4.1.2.6.b Anzahl knöcherner Zehen .......................................................... 72 4.1.2.6.c Anzahl kutaner Zusatzzehen ..................................................... 73 4.1.2.6.d Polydaktylie-Typ, transversale Einteilung .................................. 74 4.1.2.6.e Polydaktylie-Typ, longitudinale Einteilung .................................. 75 4.1.2.6.f Ossäre Aplasien und Hypoplasien (ausschließlich Zusatzzehen) .................................................... 79 4.1.2.6.g Ossäre Syndaktylie .................................................................... 80 II 4.2 Vererbung .................................................................................................. 83 4.2.1 F1-Generation ...................................................................................... 83 4.2.2 N2-Generation ..................................................................................... 83 5 Diskussion ........................................................................................................ 86 5.1 Morphologie ............................................................................................... 86 5.1.1 Methodik ............................................................................................. 86 5.1.2 Röntgenbefunde der einzelnen Gliedmaßenabschnitte ...................... 87 5.1.2.1 Beckengürtel und Oberschenkel .................................................. 87 5.1.2.2 Patella .......................................................................................... 88 5.1.2.3 Tibia und Fibula ........................................................................... 88 5.1.2.3.a Kongenitale Tibiahemimelie ....................................................... 89 5.1.2.3.b Kongenitale Tibiakrümmung und -pseudarthrose ...................... 93 5.1.2.4 Tarsus .......................................................................................... 97 5.1.2.4.a Mediale Tarsalknochen .............................................................. 97 5.1.2.4.b Tarsale Zusatzknochen.............................................................. 99 5.1.2.4.c Mittlere und distale tarsale Reihe ............................................. 100 5.1.2.4.d Talus ........................................................................................ 102 5.1.2.4.e Calcaneus ................................................................................ 104 5.1.2.5 Metatarsus ................................................................................. 105 5.1.2.5.a Distale Epiphysenfuge ............................................................. 105 5.1.2.5.b Metatarsale Knochenverkürzungen ......................................... 106 5.1.2.5.c Metatarsale Knochenverformungen ......................................... 107 5.1.2.6 Digiti ........................................................................................... 108 5.1.2.6.a Triphalangie ............................................................................. 108 III 5.1.2.6.b Zehenanzahl ............................................................................ 110 5.1.2.6.c Transversale Ausprägung der Polydaktylie .............................. 112 5.1.2.6.d Longitudinale Ausprägung der Polydaktylie ............................. 114 5.1.2.6.e Ossäre Aplasien und Hypoplasien ........................................... 116 5.1.2.6.f Ossäre Syndaktylien ................................................................ 119 5.1.3 Seitendisposition ............................................................................... 123 5.1.3.1 Seitendisposition: Tibia und Fibula ............................................ 123 5.1.3.2 Seitendisposition: Tarsus und Metatarsus ................................. 124 5.1.3.3 Seitendisposition: Digiti .............................................................. 124 5.1.4 Geschlechtsdisposition ..................................................................... 126 5.1.4.1 Geschlechtsdisposition: Tibia und Fibula ................................... 126 5.1.4.2 Geschlechtsdisposition: Tarsus und Metatarsus ........................ 127 5.1.4.3 Geschlechtsdisposition: Digiti .................................................... 128 5.2 Vererbung ................................................................................................ 128 5.2.1 F1-Generation .................................................................................... 130 5.2.2 N2-Generation ..................................................................................
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