Rotifer Fauna from Venerurcla L0
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- AMAZONIANA XY (112): ll - 24 Kiel, Dezember 1998 Rotifer fauna from Venerurcla by E. Vásquez, M.J. Pardo, E. Zoppi de Roa &, C. Lopez Dr. Enrique Vásquez, (In memoriam), Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Apdo. 51, San Félix, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela. Maria José Pardo & Dr. Evelyn Zoppi de Roa, Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, Univer- sidad Central de Venezuela, Apdo. 47058, Caracas 1041-4, Venezuela. Carlos Lopez, Depafamento de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Univer- sidad del Zulia, Apdo. 526,Maracaibo 40ll-4, Venezuela. (Accepted for publication: February, 1998). Abstract The rotifer fauna of Venezuela is analysed in the light of previously existing literature and observa- tions, and the unpublished results of authors. A total of 268 taxa belonging to 44 genera are recorded. The generu Lecane, Brachionus and Trichocerca are the most diverse. Taxocoenosis consists of cosmopolitan (68 %), pantropical (19 %), neotropical ( I 1 %) and neartic (2 %o) taxa. The proportion of endemic taxa is comparable to other tropical regions where endemism of genus Brachionus is the highest. Only a small number of species are quite common and occurr in a wide range habitats. Flooding waterbodies have the largest number oftaxa. Some amazonian endemic taxa can be found up to l0' north latitude, while others are restricted to the Orinoco River Basin under this latitude. Taxa generally related to coastal regions are restricted to basins near to the Caribbean Sea. Keywords: Rotifers, Venezuela, Neotropics, tâxonomy, biogeography Resumen La fauna de rotiferos de Venezuela se revisó a la luz de la literatura existente y observaciones y datos no publicados de los autores. Un total de 268 taxones pertenecientes a 44 géneros se registran para el pais. Los géneros Lecane, Brachionus y Trichocerc¿ son los más diversos. La taxocenosis consiste de taxones cosmopolitas (68 %), pantropicales (19 %), neotropicales (l I %) y nearticos (2 %). La proporción de taxones endémicos es comparable a otras regiones tropicales donde existe gran endemismo del género Brachionus. Sólo unos pocos taxones son comunes y se encuentran en un amplio espectro de hábitats. Los cuerpos de aguas inundables exhiben el mayor número de taxones. Algunos taxones endémicos de la Cuenca del Rio Amazonas pueden encontrarse por encima de los l0' de latitud norte, mientras que otros están restringidos a la Cuenca del Rio Orinoco por debajo de esta latitud. Los taxones generalmente asociados a regiones costeras están restringidos en su distribución a cuencas cercanas al Mar Caribe. ISSN 0065-6755/1998101l/ O MPI für Limnologie, AG Tropenökologie, Plön; INPA, Manaus l0 ll Introduction General remarks Present knowledge on rotifers from inland waters of Venezuela began with collec- The alphabetical list of rotifer taxa recorded for Venezuelan waterbodies is given. tions of F. Gessner during the memorable German Scientific Expedition to Venezuela Only those taxa identified to species level. Taxa of infrasubespecific rank are listed as in 1952, and the publications of HAUER (1956) and GESSNER (1956). Since that time proposed by SEGERS (1992). Each name is followed by abbreviations which refers to there have been over twenty-five papers dealing with Venezuelan rotifers (BERZINS the basin where they occurred (Fig. l). 1962; GESSNER 1968; DE RIDDER 1977; INFANTE 1978; MICHELANGELLI et al. 1980; TNFANTE 1980; POURzuOT & ZOPPr DE ROA l98l; VÁSQTJEZ t984a, 1984b; DLAZ e. CASTELLANO 1988;MEDTNA & VÁSQUEZ 1988; SAUNDERS & List of rotifer taxa from Venezuelan waterbodies LEWIS 1988a, 1988b; VÁSQUEZ & REY 1989; ZOPP{ DE ROA et al. 1990; LOPEZ 1991; VÁSQIJEZ et aI, I99I; VÁSQUEZ & REY 1992; INFANTE et aI, Igg3;LOPEZ Anuraeopsis coelata (DE BEAUCHAMP 1932): CS L lssa (GOSSE I 85 I ): LM, OR 1993; VÁSQUEZ &. REY 1993; ZOPPI DE ROA et al. 1993; LOPEZ & OCHOA A. navicula (ROUSSELET l9 l0): CS, LM, LV, OR Ascomorpha saltans BARTSH I 870: CS, OR 1994; PARDO et al. 1994; INFANTE et al. lgg1;LOPEZ & OCHOA 1995). Asplanchna brightwelli (GOSSE 1850): CS, OR A. priodonto (GOSSE 1850): OR Due information on rotifers from Venezuela has greatly increased and many different À. sieboldi (LEYDIG 1854): CS, LM, LV, OR Brachionus ahlsrromi (LINDEMAN 1939): LM, OR regions have been studied extensively in the past years, we have undertaken to analize B. angularis (GOSSE 1850): CS, LM, LV, OR B. angularisf. chelonis AHLSTROM 1940: OR B. angularis pseudolabratus AHLSTROM the existing literature and our own unpublished data, in order to provide a complete taxa 1940: B. bidentatus ANDERSON 1889: OR CS, LM, OR B. budapestiensts (DADAY checklist of rotifers in Venezuelan waterbodies. Likewise, some aspeçts related to 1885): OR B. budapestiensisf. similis (LEISSLING l9l4): OR B. calyciflorus PALLAS 1766: CS, LM, LV, OR geographical distribution and occurence of taxa in different habitats are discussed. B. calyciflorus f. amphíceros (EHRB. 1838): LM, OR B. calyciflorusf. anuraeiformrr (BREHM 1909): CS, B. calyciflorus f. dorcas (GOSSE 1857): OR LV B. caudatus BARROIS & DADAY 1894: CS, LV, B. caudatusf. austrogenitus AHLSTROM 1940: CS, Venezuelan hydrological basins OR LM, LV, OR B. caudatus f. insuetus AHLSTROM 1940: LV, OR B. caudatus f. majusculus AHLSTROM 1940: LM Venezuela is located at Nofth of South America (0"45' - 12"12'N and 59"45' - B. caudatus f. personatus AHLSTROM: LM, OR B. caudatus provectus AHLSTROM 1940: LV 73"25'W), with an area of 912,050 km2, it has a great diversity of inland waterbodies B. caudatus f. vulgatus AHLSTROM 1940: OR B. dimidiatus (BRYCE l93l): OR and some special biogeographical features: -a) To the south, it is part of the Amazon B. diversicornís (DADAY 1883): OR B. dolabratus HARRING l9l3: CS, LM, LV, OR Basin, thanks to the Casiquiare River which connects the Orinoco River and Rio Negro; B.falcatus ZACHARIAS 1898: CS, LM, LV, OR B.forficula WIERZEJSKT l89l: OR -b) In the East and already from the Caroni River, it is a part of the Guyan Massii old B.fo$culaf.nínoTVORONKOV l9l3: OR B. gessneri HAUER 1956: OR and long isolated from the rest of South America; -c) In the West, it is related to the B. gillardi HAUER 1966: OR B. havanaensis ROUSSELET l9l l: CS, LM, LV, (HAUER Andes mountain chain and part of Central America and all mountains of the Cordillera B. incertus 1953): LV, OR OR B. mirus DADAY 1905: OR B. mirus angustus (KOSTE 1972): OR in the South; -d) In the North, it is the route of colonization of the Caribbean islands B. mirus reductus KOSTE 1972: OR B. patulus macrocanthus (DADAY 1905): CS, LM, and the contact point between marine, brackish and freshwater environments. B. plicatilis (O.F.M. 1786): CS, LM, LV OR Venezuela is conformed by five great hydrographic basins: Orinoco River Basin B. pterodinoides (ROUSSELET 1913): OR B. quadrídentatzs HERMANN 1783: CS, LM, LV, (OR), Lake Maracaibo Basin (LM), Caribbean Sea Basin (CS), Cuyuni River Basin B. quadridentatus f. brevispinus (EHRB. 1832): LM OR (CR), River Negro Basin (RN) and a small endorreic basin conformed by Lake Valencia B. quadridentatus melheni (BARROIS & DADAY B. quadridentatus mirabilis (DADAY 1897): CS, (LV) (ZINCK 1982) (Fig. l). Venezuelan waterbodies are represented by great rivers of 1894): OR LM, OR black and clear waters (sensu SIOLI), streams, high mountain lakes, floodplain lakes, B. rubens (EHRB. 1838): CS, LM, LV, OR B. sessi/is VARGA l95l: OR ponds, artificial reservoirs, shallow flooding waterbodies and coastal lagoons and B. urceolarîs (O.F.M. 1773): CS, LM, LV, OR B. urceolaris amazonica KOSTE 1983: OR brackish waters. Detailed information on Venezuelan hydrological basins and their B. variabilis HEMPEL 1896: OR B. voigti HAUER 196l : OR waterbodies can be found in ZINCK (1982) and CRESSA et al. (1993). B. zahníseri AHLSTROM 1934: OR B. zahniseri reductus HAUER 1956: OR Cephalodellaforfcula (EHRB. 1932): CS C. gibba (EHRB. 1832): OR C. miraMYERS 1924: OR C. mucronata H.F.M. 1924: OR Number of papers Collotheca companulata (DOBIE 1849): OR Collotheca ornata (EHRB. 1832): OR C. tenuilobata (ANDERSON 1889): OR Colurella colirras (EHRB. 1830): LV, OR Both the number of publications and waterbodies studied are unevenly distributed C. obtusa (GOSSE 1886): CS, LM, OR C. sulcata (STENROOS 1898): OR C. tesseløta (GLASCOTT 1893): OR C. uncinata (O.F.M. 1773): over the Venezuelan territory. The greatest hydrological basins (OR, LM and CS) are CS, LM Conochilus coenobasis SKORIKOV l9l4: OR C. dossuarius (HUDSON 1875): LM, OR the best documented, while, the farthest and inaccesible (RC and RN) are still terra C. natans (SELIGO 1900): OR C. unicomis ROUSSELET 1892: OR incognita, as far as rotifers are concerned (Table I, Fig. 1). t2 l3 Dicranophorus caudatus braszíliensís KOSTE 1972: D. claviger (HAUER 1965): OR L. thalera HARRING & MYERS 1926: CS, LM, L. thienemanni (HAUER 1928): CS' LM, OR OR D. claviger venezueliensis POURRIOT &. ZOPPI LV, OR L. ungulata (GOSSE 1887): CS' LM, OR D. epicharis HARRING & MYERS 1928: LV, OR DE ROA l98l: OR L. unguitata (FADEEW l92l): OR Lepadella acuminata (EHRB. 1834): OR D. kostei POURRIOT &ZOPPI DE ROA l98l:OR Dipleuchlanis propatula (GOSSE 1886): CS, LM, L. benjamini braziliensis KOSTE 1972: OR L. cristata (ROUSSELET 1893): OR D. propatula macrodactyla (HAUER 1965): CS, Díssotrocha aculeata (EHRB. 1832): OR L. dactyliseta (STENROOS 1898): LM, OR L. ímbricata HARRING l9l4: LM LM, OR D. macrostyla (EHRB. 1832): OR L. heterodactyla FADEEW 1925: OR L. heterostyla (MURRAY l9l3): LM Epiphanes clavulata (EHRB. 1832): OR E. macrourus (BARROIS & DADAY 1894): LM, L. latusinus (HILGENDORF 1899): OR L. mínutq (MONTET l9l8): OR Euchlanis dilatata EHRB. 1832: CS, LM, OR LV, OR L. ovalis (O.F.M. 1786): LM, OR L. patella (O.F.M. 1786): CS, LM, OR E. dilatata lucksiana (HAUER 1930): LV E. incisa CARLIN 1939: CS, LM, OR L. patella oblonga (EHRB. 1834): LV, OR L. patella sizii¡s (LUCKS l9l2): CS, LM, OR E. incisaf. mucronata (AHLSTROM 1934): CS, OR E.