Harkins, Paul D
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The Diem Coup After 50 Years – John F
The Diem Coup After 50 Years – John F. Kennedy and South Vietnam, 1963 By John Prados Region: Asia Global Research, November 04, 2013 Theme: History The National Security Archive 1 November 2013 Washington, D.C. – Continued investigation of the presidency of John F. Kennedy further strengthens the view that the origins of U.S. support for the coup which overthrew South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem 50 years ago today traces directly to President Kennedy, not to a “cabal” of top officials in his administration. As thedocuments posted by the National Security Archive in 2009 and new material posted today indicates, the often- told story that a “cabal” of senior officials, in combination with U.S. ambassador to Saigon Henry Cabot Lodge, were responsible for the coup is a myth. The 2009 posting (below) used the then-newly released audiotapes of President Kennedy’s discussions on South Vietnam in late August 1963, combined with the declassified documents on the same meetings, and the State Department cables to Saigon bearing instructions for Ambassador Lodge, to show that Washington officials acted in unison in determining the U.S. approach. Additional evidence presented here supports this conclusion. The additional evidence combined with the 2009 evidence demonstrates: Senior officials who, in a widely-held standard view, were supposed to have come together to excoriate the “cabal” for making an “end-run” around the bureaucracy in securing approval for the coup policy, did not act any differently after revelation of the maneuver than before. If anything, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), by the traditional account the most steadfast opponent of a coup, cooperated more closely with State Department members of the cabal after the NSC meeting where the coup policy had supposedly been denounced (Document 17). -
Interview with Paul D. Harkins
Library of Congress Interview with Paul D. Harkins The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library PAUL D. HARKINS Interviewed by: Ted Gittinger Initial interview date: November 10, 1981 Q: General Harkins, will you begin by giving us a brief sketch of your military career before your assignment to Vietnam in 1962? HARKINS: Oh, my goodness, that starts back in 1922 when I joined the Boston National Guard just to learn how to ride a horse because I figured only soldiers and millionaires could ride horses on the weekends. And I ended up forty-two years later in Vietnam without a horse, but I went to West Point from the National Guard. Then I joined the horse cavalry at Fort Bliss and then went to the cavalry school in 1933. I stayed there for six years; I was an instructor after two years in courses there. Q: Was that at Leavenworth? HARKINS: No, this was at the cavalry school at Fort Riley. Q: All right. HARKINS: And I took the advanced equitation course. Then I stayed on there as an instructor in riding for four years. Then I went to Fort Myer. While at Riley, I served with General [George] Patton for a while; he was the director of instruction for a short term. And I went to Fort Myer and he was the commanding officer of the regiment at Myer, the Third Interview with Paul D. Harkins http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000475 Library of Congress Cavalry, and I had F Troop with the Third Cavalry. -
Download PDF Van Tekst
Memoires 1979-A Willem Oltmans bron Willem Oltmans, Memoires 1979-A. Papieren Tijger, Breda 2010 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/oltm003memo26_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl / Willem Oltmans Stichting 7 Inleiding Recently I was invited by the television company Het Gesprek to join the host Frits Barend on the programme Dossier BVD. The programme is designed to take a retrospective look at guests who had appeared on the now legendary show, Barend en van Dorp and Willem Oltmans had been a frequent guest. Clips were shown, discussed, and questions followed. Once again the re-occurring theme reared its head. ‘Would Willem be remembered as a great journalist or as a charlatan?’ Without presumption I say that I probably knew Willem better than anyone else, and the word ‘charlatan’ does not enter my vocabulary. I saw Willem as a man who hated lies, hypocrisy and cover-ups. His diaries, meticulously notated, and which he himself referred to as ‘my brain’, speak for themselves. Willem was also capable of being Spartan with detail when the noted facts were painful to him. 19th of May 1979, thirteen years exactly to the day that we first met, he writes of a painful incident and refers to it simply as ‘a sort of rape’. I was the subject of that rape and the same uninvited, explosive sexual attack was forced on me again two weeks later in the home of his mother. We never spoke of it, and so I find it a revealing characteristic of the complex Oltmans brain that he chose to acknowledge his darker sides and demons, albeit without any emotion. -
The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense : Robert S. Mcnamara
The Ascendancy of the Secretary ofJULY Defense 2013 The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara 1961-1963 Special Study 4 Historical Office Office of the Secretary of Defense Cold War Foreign Policy Series • Special Study 4 The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara 1961-1963 Cover Photo: Secretary Robert S. McNamara, Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, and President John F. Kennedy at the White House, January 1963 Source: Robert Knudson/John F. Kennedy Library, used with permission. Cover Design: OSD Graphics, Pentagon. Cold War Foreign Policy Series • Special Study 4 The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara 1961-1963 Special Study 4 Series Editors Erin R. Mahan, Ph.D. Chief Historian, Office of the Secretary of Defense Jeffrey A. Larsen, Ph.D. President, Larsen Consulting Group Historical Office Office of the Secretary of Defense July 2013 ii iii Cold War Foreign Policy Series • Special Study 4 The Ascendancy of the Secretary of Defense Contents This study was reviewed for declassification by the appropriate U.S. Government departments and agencies and cleared for release. The study is an official publication of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Foreword..........................................vii but inasmuch as the text has not been considered by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, it must be construed as descriptive only and does Executive Summary...................................ix not constitute the official position of OSD on any subject. Restructuring the National Security Council ................2 Portions of this work may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line in included. -
Tangled Twilight. Destiny, Horror, and Transformation in Nature: American Culture of Progress During the Vietnam War 1965-1975
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2019 Tangled twilight. Destiny, horror, and transformation in nature: American culture of progress during the Vietnam War 1965-1975 Alexander Newkirk University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2019 Alexander Parker Newkirk Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Newkirk, Alexander, "Tangled twilight. Destiny, horror, and transformation in nature: American culture of progress during the Vietnam War 1965-1975" (2019). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 1006. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/1006 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright by ALEXANDER PARKER NEWKIRK 2019 All Rights Reserved TANGLED TWILIGHT. DESTINY, HORROR, AND TRANSFORMATION IN NATURE: AMERICAN CULTURE OF PROGRESS DURING THE VIETNAM WAR 1965-1975. An Abstract of a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Alexander Newkirk University of Northern Iowa December 2019 ABSTRACT This work is an exploration of shifting American attitudes toward key cultural myths during and after the Vietnam War from 1965-1975. Using sources such as memoir, film, and relevant historiography of the time this thesis emphasizes an exploration of the shifting attitudes of Americans during the Cold War. An epoch defined by a “utopian” vision of American history that was codified in a Post War period. -
An Nbc News White Paper Vietnam Hindsight Part Ii
AN NBC NEWS WHITE PAPER VIETNAM HINDSIGHT PART II: THE DEATH OF DIEM BROADCAST: WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1971 10:00 - 11:00 CREDITS Opening Title: NBC NEWS WHITE PAPER VIETNAM HINDSIGHT PART II: DEATH OF DIEM Credits: NBC NEWS WHITE PAPER VIETNAM HINDSIGHT Copyright c The National Broadcasting Co., Inc. 1971 All Rights Reserved Produced and Written By FRED FREED Directed by PAMELA HILL Associate Producers ALVIN DAVIS PAMELA HILL Researcher HELEN WHITNEY Production Assistant BARBARA SPENCE Film Researcher JACK GOELMAN Unit Manager KLAUS HEYS Supervising Film Editor DARROLD MURRAY Film Editors MARY ANN MARTIN STUART M. ROSENBERG DAVID J. SAUL JEAN BAGLEY Cameramen STEVE PETROPOULOS WILLIAM RICHARDS Sound JAMES ZOLTOWSKI JOSE VALLE JOHN SINGLETON JEROME GOLD HENRY ROSSEAU IRVING GANS SHELLY FIELMAN Still Pictures by JACQUES LOWE BLACK STAR MAGNUM GEORGES TAMES - THE NEW YORK TIMES THE JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY YOICHI CKOMOTO HORST ?HAAS PEOPLE WHO WERE INTERVIEWED FOR VIETNAM HINDSIGHT IN ORDER OF THEIR APPEARANCE AND POSITION HELD AT THE TIME GEORGE BALL Under-Secretary of State 1961-1966 MAXWELL TAYLOR- Military Adviser to JFK 1961 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 1962- 64 JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH Ambassador to India 1961-63 DAVID HALBERSTAM Correspondent - New York Times - Vietnam 1962-63 WALT M. ROSTOW Deputy Special Assistant to the President for National Security 1961-64 MME. NHU Wife of Ngo Dinh Nhu, sister-in-law of Ngo Dinh Diem ARTHUR SCHLESINGER Special Assistant to the President 1961-64 PAUL HARKINS US Military Commander - Vietnam 1962-64 • JOHN VANN American Military Adviser in Vietnam MICHAEL FORRESTAL Senior Member - White House National Security Staff 1962-66 ROGER HILSMAN Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs 1963-64 ■ RUFUS PHILLIPS American AID Mission - Vietnam -2- FREDERICK NOLTING U.S. -
Notes and References
Notes and References 1 Finding the HRight Key:" Kennedy and the New Pacific Community 1. William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, The Ugly American (New York, 1960), pp. 163, 233. 2. "The United States and Our Future in Asia," Excerpts from the Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy (Hawaii, 1958), JFK Library, Senate Files. 3. Ibid. Championing America's virtue and image abroad, as weil as Amer ican self-interest, always remained a difficult task for Kennedy. See Ronald Nurse, "America Must Not Sleep: The Development of John F. Kennedy's Foreign Policy Attitudes, 1947-1960" (Ph.D. dissertation: Michigan State University, 1971), James Dorsey, "Vietnam 'a can of snakes,' Galbraith told JFK," Boston Globe (28 January 1974), Stephen Pelz, "John F. Kennedy's 1961 Vietnam War Decisions," lournal of Strategie Studies (December 1981), lan McDonald, "Kennedy Files Show President's Dismay at CIA Power," The Times (London, 2 August 1971), JFK Library, Excerpts from Biographical Files. 4. Secretary of State Dean Rusk to Kennedy, 2 February 1961, and "The New Pacific" (Speech in Hawaii, August 1960), JFK Library, POFlBox 111 and Senate Files. 5. John F. Kennedy, Public Papers of the President, 1961) (Washington, D.C., 1961), pp. 174-5. These comments were made during the Presi dent's push to create the "Alliance for Progress" program for the Latin AmericaniCaribbean states. 6. Kennedy, Public Papers ofthe President, 1961, p. 399. 7. Ibid., 1963, p. 652. 8. Kennedy's early cabinet meetings on foreign affairs topics often became energetic discussions on how to win the Cold War. A winning strategy, wh ether in allied favor or not, was acceptable. -
War, Women, Vietnam: the Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978
War, Women, Vietnam: The Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: William J. Rorabaugh, Chair Susan Glenn Christoph Giebel Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History ©Copyright 2013 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn University of Washington Abstract War, Women, Vietnam: The Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn Chair of the Supervisory Committee: William J. Rorabaugh, History This dissertation proceeds with two profoundly interwoven goals in mind: mapping the experience of women in the Vietnam War and evaluating the ways that ideas about women and gender influenced the course of American involvement in Vietnam. I argue that between 1954 and 1978, ideas about women and femininity did crucial work in impelling, sustaining, and later restraining the American mission in Vietnam. This project evaluates literal images such as photographs, film and television footage as well as images evoked by texts in the form of news reports, magazine articles, and fiction, focusing specifically on images that reveal deeply gendered ways of seeing and representing the conflict for Americans. Some of the images I consider include a French nurse known as the Angel of Dien Bien Phu, refugees fleeing for southern Vietnam in 1954, the first lady of the Republic of Vietnam Madame Nhu, and female members of the National Liberation Front. Juxtaposing images of American women, I also focus on the figure of the housewife protesting American atrocities in Vietnam and the use of napalm, and images wrought by American women intellectuals that shifted focus away from the military and toward the larger social and psychological impact of the war. -
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Association for Diplomatic Studies and Train
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training oreign Affairs Oral History Pro$ect RUFUS PHILLIPS Interviewed by: Ted Gittinger Initial interview date: March 4, 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background University of Virginia Law School Served briefly with CIA US Army, Korean ,ar, Vietnam ,ar Vietnam ,ar 1.5011.52 Saigon 3ilitary 3ission North Vietnamese Catholics Colonel Lansdale Use of rench language Joe Ban4on Soc Trang Province Hanh Diem 3agsaysay Ambassador 5eneral Lawton Collins 6retired7 Liaison Officer Ca 3au operation Operation Brotherhood ilipinos Reoccupation of 8one 5 rench Operation Atlante 5eneral 3ike O9Daniel Colonel Kim Training Relations Instruction 3ission 6TRI37 Viet 3inh evacuation rench1Diem relations Resentment of Viet 3inh 3AA5 Binh :uyen Central Intelligence Agency 6CIA7 1 Vietnamese psywar school Setting up 515 staff Kieu Cong Cung Civil Action Pro$ect AID 3ission Re1organi4ation of Vietnamese army Viet 3inh preparations for resurgence in South Pre1Ho Chi 3inh Trail Civil 5uard Colonel Lansdale Tran Trung Dung 3ontagnards Destabili4ing Viet 3inh regime Almanac incidents Bui An Tuan Vietnam ;uoc Dan Dang 6VN;DD7 Truong Chinh Political Program for Vietnam 5eneral O1Daniel Ambassador Collins/CIA relations Land Reform ,olf Lade$isky Saigon racketeering operations rench anti1US operations Saigon bombing US facilities Howie Simpson Bay Vien rench 5eneral Ely Trinh 3inh Thé Vietnamese/ rench relations Romaine De osse rench deal with Ho Chi -
John Paul Vann: a Military Iconoclast Leaves a Legacy New Orleans
John Paul Vann: A military iconoclast leaves a legacy WASHINGTON — The irony in last New Orleans States—Item after military victory. Doves have de- of opposition leader Tran Ngoc Chau week's military funeral for John Paul picted him as a former critic of the war Vann at Arlington National Cemetery somehow corrupted by power into em- ("one of the greatest men I ever was the prominence of cabinet members bracing what had once disillusioned him. Rowland Evans knew"). To Vann, Thieu's peremptory and four-star generals symbolizing the The facts are dramatically different. personnel policies were steeped in crass very establishmentarians whose bungling Besides being one of the very few heroic and politics and, therefore, damaged the war in Indochina he battled for a decade. figures to emerge from the war, Vann effort. Like the funeral, many eulogies have from the first to the last was a non- Robert Novak Vann often said U.S. military interven- distorted Vann's unique role in Vietnam. conformist critic of tragically mistaken tion in Vietnam should have been contin- Hawks have painted him as a superpa- policies that moved Saigon and Washing- ously supplied by sea rather than triot, bravely but simplistically questing ton. At the end, performing essentially ization four years before it came. As a through the gargantuan logistical appa- military duties formerly entrusted to a lieutenant-colonel in the early 1960s, ratus that overflowed South Vietnam. lieutenant-general, Vann had not changed Vann urged arming ARVN with M-16 au- Acres and acres of now-deserted camps his critical outlook as an obscure lieu- tomatic rifles in place of obsolete M-1 were seen by him as mute testimony to tenant-colonel ; a decade earlier. -
We Were Talking About Your Favorite Professors and You Talked About The
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY NEW BRUNSWICK AN INTERVIEW WITH RICHARD F. PLECHNER FOR THE RUTGERS ORAL HISTORY ARCHIVES WORLD WAR II * KOREAN WAR * VIETNAM WAR * COLD WAR INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY SANDRA STEWART HOLYOAK and MARY LOU STRAHLENDORFF METUCHEN, NEW JERSEY JANUARY 16, 2008 TRANSCRIPT BY DOMINGO DUARTE [Editor's Note: This begins the second interview with Richard F. Plechner on January 16, 2008, in Metuchen, New Jersey, with Sandra Stewart Holyoak and Mary Lou Strahlendorff.] … Sandra Stewart Holyoak: We were talking about your favorite professors when we last spoke and you had talked about the military strategy teacher. Was that John Paul Vann's title? Richard F. Plechner: No, he was just associate professor of military science and he handled the infantry cadets. At that time, at Rutgers, you branched when you went into your junior year. In other words, you're assigned a branch, and you were given choices. SH: This is for Advanced ROTC. RP: Yes, and I chose infantry and he was the infantry teacher. SH: How long had he been there? Had he been in World War II? RP: He had been in at the end of World War II, I believe, and he had been in Korea, and then, he came to Rutgers. I think he was there two years, and, as I say, he was a young captain at the time and graduated, in '54, from University College. [Editor's Note: University College was one of several undergraduate colleges within Rutgers University before the reorganization of 2007.] He was a very charismatic leader, which became clearest during the Vietnam War, apparently. -
John F. Kennedy and the Advisory Effort for Regime Change in South
Imperial Camelot: John F. Kennedy and the Advisory Effort for Regime Change in South Vietnam, 1962-1963 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Millersville University of Pennsylvania In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Shane M. Marino © 2018 Shane M. Marino May 2018 This Thesis for the Master of Arts Degree by Shane Michael Marino has been approved on behalf of the Graduate School by Thesis Committee: Dr. John M, McLarnon III (Signature on file) Research Advisor Dr. Tracey Weis (Signature on file) Committee Member Dr. Abam B. Lawrence (Signature on file) Committee Member May 10, 2018 Date ii ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS IMPERIAL CAMELOT: JOHN F. KENNEDY AND THE ADIVSORY EFFORT FOR REGIME CHANGE IN SOUTH VIETNAM, 1962-1963 By Shane M. Marino Millersville University, 2018 Millersville, Pennsylvania Directed by Dr. John McLarnon This thesis uses government documents, oral histories, and secondary sources to explore changes in the Kennedy administration’s Vietnam policy to determine the factors that contributed to the decision to support a coup d’état in 1963 that overthrew the President of the Republic of Vietnam and subsequently led to his assassination. The thesis specifically looks to connect administrative changes in organization and personnel to changes in policy that ultimately determined the fate of the Ngo Dinh Diem regime. In general, this thesis reveals that rejection of military intervention led to the adoption of a kind of political aggression that envisioned covert regime change as an acceptable alternative to the use of combat troops.