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Introduction: in Search of Esperanto
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13(2), 182-192, 2015 INTRODUCTION: IN SEARCH OF ESPERANTO Humphrey Tonkin* University of Hartford West Hartford, USA DOI: 10.7906/indecs.13.2.12 Regular article ABSTRACT After almost one hundred years of continuous use, Esperanto has achieved the status and character of a fully-fledged language, functioning much as any other language does. Research on Esperanto is hampered because knowledge of the subject is often regarded, ipso facto, as evidence of a lack of objectivity, and also because Esperanto, as largely an L2, is elusive, and its speakers hard to quantify. The problem is compounded by the rapid shift in its community from membership-based organizations to decentralized, informal web-based communication. Also shifting are the community’s ideological underpinnings: it began as a response to lack of communication across languages but is now often perceived by its users as an alternative, more equitable means of communication than the increasingly ubiquitous English. Underlying these changes is a flourishing cultural base, including an extensive literature and periodical press. There is a need for more research – linguistic, sociolinguistic, and in the history of ideas. In intellectual history, Esperanto and related ideas have played a larger role than is generally recognized, intersecting with, and influencing, such movements as modernization in Japan, the development of international organizations, socialism in many parts of the world, and, in our own day, machine translation. KEY WORDS Esperanto, Esperanto community, interlinguistic research, language ideology CLASSIFICATION JEL: O20 *Corresponding author, : [email protected]; +1 860 768 4448; *Mortensen Library, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA Introduction: in search of Esperanto INTRODUCTION In an influential essay some years ago, the late Richard Wood described Esperanto as “a voluntary, non-ethnic, non-territorial speech community” [1]. -
Esperanto, Civility, and the Politics of Fellowship: A
ESPERANTO, CIVILITY, AND THE POLITICS OF FELLOWSHIP: A COSMOPOLITAN MOVEMENT FROM THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PERIPHERY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ana Velitchkova Omar Lizardo, Director Graduate Program in Peace Studies and Sociology Notre Dame, Indiana July 2014 © Copyright by ANA MILENOVA VELITCHKOVA 2014 All rights reserved ESPERANTO, CIVILITY, AND THE POLITICS OF FELLOWSHIP: A COSMOPOLITAN MOVEMENT FROM THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PERIPHERY Abstract by Ana Velitchkova This dissertation examines global, regional, state-, group-, and person-level processes involved in the growth of the movement formed around the constructed international language Esperanto. The Esperanto movement emerged in the global arena in the late nineteenth century as a response to inequalities in the nation-state field. In the course of several decades, the movement established a new global field based on the logic of equal communication through Esperanto and on the accumulation of cultural capital. While the field gained autonomy from the nation-state field, it has not been recognized as its equal. Persons endowed with cultural capital but lacking political and economic capital have been particularly drawn to Esperanto. Ironically, while attempting to overcome established unfair distinctions based on differential accumulation of political and economic capital, the Esperanto movement creates and maintains new distinctions and inequalities based on cultural capital accumulation. Ana Velitchkova At the regional level, the Esperanto movement became prominent in state- socialist Eastern Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. The movement found unexpected allies among independent states in the Eastern European periphery. -
Language Attitudes Among Esperanto Speakers Varia
146 VARIA / MISCellANEOUS Język. Komunikacja. Informacja Ilona Koutny, Ida Stria (red./ed.) 12/2017: 146–158 Ida Stria Language attitudes among Esperanto speakers Abstrakt (Postawy językowe użytkowników esperanto). Esperanto jest planowym mię- dzynarodowym językiem pomocniczym, skonstruowanym przez L.L. Zamenhofa i wydanym w 1887 r. Mimo że został stworzony, aby ułatwić komunikację międzynarodową, stał się narzędziem samoidentyfikacji. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu opisanie postaw językowych, które formują się w esperanckiej wspólnocie językowej oraz wykazanie, że te postawy kształtują tę społeczność. Abstract. Esperanto is a planned international auxiliary language, constructed by L.L. Za- menhof and published in 1887. Although created to facilitate international communication, it has become a tool of self-identification. This paper aims to describe language attitudes formed in the Esperanto speech community and to demonstrate that these attitudes shape the community. Introduction Esperanto is an international auxiliary language initiated in 1887. Over the years it has developed into a full-fledged language with a robust speech community (see Blanke 2001; Duličenko 2001; Stria 2015). Esperanto speakers use it not only as a simple mode of intercultural communication; they develop the language and form their identity through it. This paper deals with some aspects of this community, discussing language attitu- des and their consequences for the speakers. It is argued that Esperanto, in the begin- ning meant to serve as a language to ease international communication, is no longer primarily so used. Although Esperanto speakers very often boast knowledge of more than one native and various foreign languages, Esperanto itself is usually not counted among “foreign” languages, but rather as a means of self-identification. -
The Story of Ludwik Zamenhof and Esperanto
Is It P ossible for A ll P eople to Speak th e Sam e Language? The Story of Ludw ik Zamenhof and Esperanto Federico Gobbo (Am sterdam / Torino) PO LIN Museum , 14 Decem ber ( ursday), 6 PM, free adm ission Abstract First, we will see the pillars of Zam enhof's thinking and why his linguistic project a$racted the Esperanto pioneers. Then, we will move on the contem porary days, looking to the m otivations of today’s speakers and their aspirations for the present and future of Esperanto. About the lecturer Lecture by Professor Federico Gobbo from University of Am sterdam . Federico Gobbo is Full Professor at the University of Amsterdam, holding the Special Chair in Interlinguistics and Esperanto, and teaching fellow in Language Planning and Planned Language at the University of Torino (Italy). He is a leading scholar in the analysis of the Esperanto phenom enon and language, including Zam enhof’s heritage in th e E s p e ra n to c o m m u n ity o f p ra c tic e . About the lecture Lecture delivered in English with simultaneous translation into Polish. The lecture is organized within the Global Education Outreach Program . The lecture was made possible thanks to the support of the Taube Foundation for Jew ish L ife & C u ltu re, th e W illia m K . B o w es, Jr. F o u n d a tio n , a n d th e A sso cia tio n o f th e Jew ish H isto rica l In stitu te of P o lan d . -
Eurasian Higher Education Leaders' Forum
EURASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION LEADERS’ FORUM 11-12 June 2014, Astana, Kazakhstan SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITIES: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW TO BUILD ONE? CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS UDC 378 LBC 74.58 E68 Editors: Aida Sagintayeva and Kairat Kurakbayev, Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education E68 EURASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION LEADERS’ FORUM 2014, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. – Astana, IndigoPrint Llp., 2014, 90 p. ISBN 978-601-80467-4-2 UDC 378 LBC 74.58 ISBN 978-601-80467-4-2 © Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, 2014 3 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . .5 CONFERENCE STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS . 6 CONTRIBUTORS . .7 OPENING SESSION DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN . .8 Gulshara Abdykalikova TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY IN SOCIETY . 10 Aslan Sarinzhipov WHAT IS ‘A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY’? . .14 Lynne Parmenter, Murat Orunkhanov and Kairat Kurakbayev PANEL SESSION 1: WHAT IS ‘A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY’? THE QUEST FOR A WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY: DEFINING THE GOAL FOR AN EMERGING ECONOMY . 23 Alan Ruby THE IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN BUILDING A “SUCCESSFUL” UNIVERSITY . 27 Jane Knight IN SEARCH OF CRITERIA AND FACTORS OF SUCCESS FOR A REGIONAL UNIVERSITY . 32 Amantai Nurmagambetov DIVERSITY AND INTEGRITY IN THE SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY . 35 Humphrey Tonkin WHAT MAKES A UNIVERSITY SUCCESSFUL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHING AND STUDENT LEARNING? . 40 Jan Vermunt PANEL SESSION 2: HOW TO BUILD A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY: START FROM A NEW INSTITUTION OR BUILD FROM THE EXISTING ONE? SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITIES . 43 Simon Jones HOW TO BUILD ‘A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY’? . .49 Mary Canning 4 PANEL SESSION 3: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY WHAT DOES A SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY LOOK LIKE? – THE STUDENTS’ VIEW . -
Psychological Reactions to Esperanto
ISSN 0165-2575 PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO ESPERANTO Esperanto Documents 42A Rotterdam 1994 Esperanto Documents describe the work, organization, culture and history of the movement for the adoption of the international language Esperanto as a second language for international use. They are published in Esperanto, English and French. The series replaces those documents of the Centre for Research and Documentation on the Language Problem which dealt with the Esperanto movement. Reproduction and translation of this document are permitted provided that the source is cited. Subscriptions (covering the next ten documents in the English series) are available for Hfl. 47,50 (postage included) from the publisher, Universal Esperanto Association, Nieuwe Binnenweg 176, 3015 BJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. Single issues cost Hfl. 4,80 each, plus 10% for shipping and, in the European Union, 6% for VAT. Special prices are available for bulk orders. Esperanto Documents, number 42A (1994) PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO ESPERANTO Claude Piron 1. Differing reactions To a psychologist investigating reactions to the word “Esperanto” two facts are immediately apparent: a high percentage of those invited to give their opinion have a great deal to say about it; and they regard as self-evident, and in many cases cite without prompting, various statements which are contrary to verifiable reality, for example: “no one has ever written a novel straight into Esperanto”, “Esperanto is a language no one speaks”, “there are no children who have it as the mother tongue”, etc. Such convictions are well illustrated by a reader’s letter in Time magazine from Peter Wells of Singapore: Esperanto has no cultural history, no indigenous literature and no monolinguals or even first-language speakers. -
Coolification and Language Vitality: the Case of Esperanto
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Coolification and Language Vitality: The Case of Esperanto Gobbo, F. DOI 10.3390/languages6020093 Publication date 2021 Document Version Final published version Published in Languages License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Gobbo, F. (2021). Coolification and Language Vitality: The Case of Esperanto. Languages, 6(2), [93]. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6020093 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 languages Article Coolification and Language Vitality: The Case of Esperanto Federico Gobbo Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, 1012 VB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] Abstract: Despite experiencing a relatively positive revival in the digital age, Esperanto and the assessment of its language vitality is often problematic and prone to gross errors; therefore, a theoretical reflection is required. -
Humphrey Tonkin Global Readiness
PIER 2005 Summer Institutes Keynote Speaker Humphrey Tonkin Global Readiness Humphrey Tonkin, President Emeritus and University Professor of the Humanities at the University of Hartford, is an advocate and world leader in international cooperation and education. An acclaimed scholar, he co-authored, some twenty years ago, The World in the Curriculum, widely regarded as a standard guide to internationalizing the college curriculum. Most recently, he published Service-Learning Across Cultures, on the impact of international service-learning. Over the years he has chaired such bodies as the Council for International Exchange of Scholars and the Canadian Fulbright Commission. He continues to promote the internationalization of education as a board member of such organizations as the American Forum for Global Education, the International Partnership for Service-Learning and Leadership, and World Learning, the organization that operates the School for International Training. Biography: Dr. Humphrey Tonkin joined the University as President in January 1989 and served for almost ten years, stepping down in June 1998 to return to scholarship and research. During 1998-99 he was visiting fellow at the Whitney Humanities Center at Yale University. Before coming to Hartford he was for five years president of Potsdam College of the State University of New York. Before that, his career as scholar and teacher had brought him to the rank of full professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. He also served that institution at various times as vice provost for undergraduate studies, master of Stouffer College House, coordinator of international programs, and director of freshman English. In 1980-81 he was also visiting professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. -
Congress Committees Thirty Eight Countries
THIRTY EIGHT COUNTRIES REPRESENTED AT WORLD ESPERANTO CONGRESS Nearly 2,000 delegates from 38 countries attended the 54th annual Con- gress of the Universala Esperanto-Asocio (U.E.A.) in Helsinki, Finland, July 26 to August 2. From the united States, 67 were registered. Accredited dip- lomatic representatives of 13 governments were present at the opening cere- monies. At the united States Embassy, the American contingent were briefed by the Chief of the U. S. Information Service, Mr. E. Murphy. Meetings were held in otaniemi, some 13 kilometers from Helsinki prope~ in the halls and restaurants of the student union building, Dipoli, and the classrooms of the adjoining technical high school; most of the guests were housed in the nearby Otaniemi hotel Topics under discussion ranged from "International Law and World Poli- tics" by U.E.A. president, Dr. Ivo Lapenna, to "The Rational Use and Conser- vation of the Natural Resources of Our Planet" by Dr. David L. Armand. The polish radio ran daily reports of Congress proceedings in its Esperanto periods and Helsinki Radio broadcast news in Esperanto for the visitors' benefit. Plans for the 1972 U.E.A. Congress in Portland, Ore., were discussed by Mikulas Nevan, U.E.A. 's Congress Committee secretary, and a large group of U.S. delegates, including three from Portlando Mr. Nevan agreed to come to portland 9 months in advance of the Congress. -0- NEW FIELDS EXPLORED AT E.L.N.A. ANNUAL MEETING An auxiliary mass organization with nominal dues for people who will sup- port the ideas and ide als of Esperanto but do not necessarily wish to learn the language themselves; a bi-monthly bulletin in Esperanto of six pages to ac- company a 4-page Newsletter in English, plus a subscription to an Esperanto periodical for full dues-paying members; exploration of a proposal to promote acceptance by governments of Esperanto and English as two languages for world use - these are some of the decisions of the annual Congress of the Esperanto League for North America which met July 17-21 at North Adams State College in Massachusetts. -
Of the International Language Esperanto, Although Materials for Its Study Are Fairly Complete
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 135 202 FL 007 996 AUTEOR Tonkin, Eumphrey TITLE Introduction to Esperanto Studies. Esperanto Documents, New Series, Number 6A (1976).. INSTITUTION Universal Esperanto Association, Rotterdam (Netherlands). PUB DATE 75 NOTE 17p.; Paper delivered at meeting of the Chicago Esperanto Society (Chicago, Illinois, March 1975) AVAIIABLE FROM Esperanto Book Service, P. 0. Box 508, Burlingame, California ($1.25) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 BC-$1.67 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Prtificial Languages; International Relations; 1.4:1.1,uage Attitudes; *Language Research; Language Rolez Linguistic Theory; Literature; *Research Needs; Second Language Learning IDENTIFIERS *Esperanto ABSTRACT Relatively few studies have been made of the history of the international language Esperanto, although materials for its study are fairly complete. As a linguistic phenomenon, that is, a language in continuous use for almost a century but without national roots, it has also had little systematic study, though a considerable literature cn the subject exists in Esperanto itself. There are now several native speakers of Esperanto, who might merit special investigation. It would also be useful to have more extensive study of psychological and sociological aspects of the Esperanto speech community. Esperanto has an extensive literature, original and translated, little known by outside scholars. There is also a need for the study of Esperanto's practical application and its potential as a solution to international language problems. Some attention bas been given to the pedagogy of Esperanto, but more work is needed. The language is seldom mentioned in major reference works or adequately represented in libraries, and for these reasons it is often overlooked by scholars. -
The International Language Esperanto 1887-1987: Towards the Second Century
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 287 295 FL 016 951 AUTHOR Tonkin, Humphrey TITLE The International Language Esperanto 1887-1987: Towards the Second Century. Esperanto Documents 39A. INSTITUTION Universal Esperanto Association, Rotterdam (Netherlands). PUB DATE 87 NOTE 19p.; Paper presented at a Conference on Language and Communication (New York, NY, December 1986). AVAILABLE FROMUniversal Esperanto Association, Nieuwe Binnenweg 176, 3015 BJ Rotterdam, Netherlands (Hfl 3.00). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (120) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Communication Problems; Foreign Countries; *Futures (of Society); History; *Intercultural Communication; *International Organizations; Language Planning; *Language Role; Second Language instruction; Second Language Learning; Uncommonly Taught Languages IDENTIFIERS *Esperanto ABSTRACT A discussion of Esperanto in the modern world outlines the rationale for the use of an international language, the role of Esperanto in promoting international communication, Esperanto-related organizations and services, and the characteristics of the language that make it useful and easy to teach. Also included are a fact sheet describing the language's purposes and origins, characteristics, development, users, distribution of speakers, instruction, official recognition, meetings, correspondence and travel, professional networks, special interest groups, literature, and radio transmissions; a directory of Esperanto information centers; and a chart of basic Esperanto -
NEWS of the LANGUAGE PROBLEM and ESPERANTO AS a SOLUTION Published by the Esperanto League Lor North America, Lote Summer, 1973, Vol
IETTER NEWS OF THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM AND ESPERANTO AS A SOLUTION Published by the Esperanto League lor North America, lote Summer, 1973, Vol. IX, No. 2. Editor: R.T.Sandberg, P.O.Box 275, Fox lake, Il 60020, U.S.A. ,- AWARENESSOF LANGUAGE BARRIER ment expects 65 executives to take its of prefixes and suffixes. And in spite of is becoming more acute among U.S. busi-' 'Key Man' intensive language course its comparative simplicity, Esperanto is ness firms as more of them send men to this yeari that's up 50% from last year's fully capable of expressing anything any foreign lands. They are finding that the enrollment and nearly three times the other language can express. cost of training the personnel they send 1971level. And a spokesman at the The reasoninternational eorpora- to a foreign country in the language of Berlitz Schools of Languages of Amer- tions do not take advantage of this de- that country is high, but not nearly as iea Inc., a unit of Maemillan Co., says liberately ereated language-this tool high as the cost of not doing so. A story language training for corporate execu- that eould save them a great desl of on page 20 of The Wall Street Joumal tives has risen from a negligible level money-is probably the faet that in most for August 20, 1973, cites "the case of 20 years ago to make up well over half eases they are completely una_are of one aerospace company that lost more its present business .... Berlitz ..... has its existence or have rejected its daims than $500,000 recently when it c10sed a language contracts with more than half as being too good to he true without project in which 35 families were sent the 3,200 U.S.