Overview of Existing Resources
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M I dd L E F O R K 80 A M E R I C A N FRENCH MEADOWS RESER VOIR HELL HOLE R LAKE RESER IVERTAHOE PROJECT VOIR MIDDLE FORK INTERBAY RALSTON AFTERBAY FORESTHILL RUBICON 49 MIDDLE FORK RIVER AMERICAN RIVER 80 AUBURN 50 The Middle Fork 49 River watershed rests in the heartAmerican of the Sierra Nevada, between the Sacramento V Lake alley to the west and Tahoe to the east. S FOLSOM u p p RESER o r t VOIR i n g D SD E o Existing c u Relevant S m u p e p n Comprehensive o t r E Plans & t i n g Resource D SD F o Resources Mgmt. Plans HE MFP IS SITUATED IN THE FOOTHILLS AND c u Existing m e n Resource mountainous uplands of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada t S F u p Information p WatershedT (totaling 616 square miles) is characterized by hot, dry range, northeast of Auburn, California. The surrounding o r Report t i n g summers and mild, wet winters, with most of the precipitation falling D SD G o c S u 00/00 between October and March. Precipitation primarily falls as rain in the u m p p e n Technical o t r lower elevations and snow at elevations greater than 5,000 feet above t G i Study Plans n g D SD J mean sea level (msl). Elevations higher than about 6,000 feet msl are & Reports o c u Confi dential m e typically covered by snow until May. Mean annual precipitation and n Information t J runoff in the Watershed ranges from approximately 35 inches (308,500 ac-ft) in dry years to 94 inches (1,218,000 ac-ft) in wet years. Total MFP inflow has averaged approximately 375,000 ac-ft from 1967-2003 and ranged from approximately 62,000 ac-ft to more than 783,000 ac-ft. The Watershed is heavily forested, rural, and sparsely populated. There are no residential or commercial developments in the immediate vicinity of the MFP. Several paved roads provide the primary access to the MFP. Access to more remote locations in the Watershed is possible using ancillary roads and trails associated with either the 0 Forest Service Transportation System or the Auburn State Recreation Area (ASRA), located downstream of Ralston Afterbay. M I dd L E F O R K A M E R I C A N R IVER PROJECT Water Use 1600 Large River Surface water uses in the Watershed include 1200 Bypass Reach municipal, industrial, and agricultural , and non- River Flow consumptive use for hydroelectric generation Immediately 800 Downstream of and recreation. Other water projects in the Project Reservoir Watershed include Sacramento Municipal Utility Discharge (cfs) District’s (SMUD’s) Upper American River 400 Project (UARP) (FERC Project No. 2101) and Georgetown Divide Public Utility District’s 0 (GDPUD’s) Stumpy Meadows Project. The t v c n b r r y n ul g p Oc No De Ja Fe Ma Ap Ma Ju J Au Se SMUD’s UARP influences the Rubicon River Streamflow with MFP upstream of Hell Hole Reservoir and the South Streamflow without MFP Fork Rubicon River, a tributary to the Rubicon 1600 River entering downstream of Hell Hole Reservoir. GDPUD’s Stumpy Meadows Project affects flows Large River on Pilot Creek, a tributary to the Rubicon River 1200 Bypass Reach River Flow 20 entering downstream of Hell Hole Reservoir. Miles Downstream 800 of Project Hydrology Reservoir Discharge (cfs) The MFP diverts water from the Middle 400 Fork American River, Rubicon River, Duncan Creek and North and South Fork Long Canyon 0 creeks for power generation and water supply. t v c n b r r y n ul g p Oc No De Ja Fe Ma Ap Ma Ju J Au Se These diversions alter natural flows in the rivers Project diversions and reservoirs modify flows in the Middle and streams downstream of MFP facilities. Two Fork and Rubicon rivers. These effects are most evident categories of river reaches result from the operation of immediately downstream of Project facilities. the MFP-bypass and peaking reaches. A bypass reach is a segment of a river or stream downstream of a diversion during the spring runoff season are typically captured in facility or reservoir where Project operations result in the larger reservoirs (French Meadows and Hell Hole). the diversion of a portion of the water from that reach. Currently, high flows in these river reaches generally only Bypass reaches associated with the MFP include: the occur when the reservoirs are spilling. Under current Middle Fork American River between French Meadows MFP operations these high flows primarily occur in the Dam and Ralston Afterbay; the Rubicon River between wettest years and are of shorter duration and magnitude Hell Hole Dam and Ralston Afterbay; Duncan Creek than natural flows. However, during the summer and between the diversion dam and its confluence with fall season, flows in these rivers are typically equal to or the Middle Fork American River; and the North slightly higher than under natural conditions as water and South Forks of Long Canyon Creek and the is released from storage to meet minimum instream mainstem of Long Canyon Creek from the diversion flow requirements mandated in the FERC License. dams to the confluence with the Rubicon River. In the smaller stream bypass reaches (Duncan, North In the bypass reaches, operations of the MFP produce and South Fork Long Canyon, and Long Canyon creeks) two general patterns of flow alteration from unimpaired flows typically are altered only during the winter/spring (natural) patterns, depending on the size of the streams. season. During these seasons, a portion of the flow is In the large river bypass reaches (Middle Fork American diverted for storage and power generation during most River and Rubicon River) flows are altered all year long. water year types. Therefore, flows in the streams are Flows are typically reduced and more stable during the typically much lower and more stable (less variation in winter/spring season as water is diverted into storage or flow volume) than natural flows. The exception occurs for power generation. High flows in the large river bypass during wet water years, when high flows during winter reaches that naturally occurred during storm events and storm events or spring runoff often exceed the capacity 1 M I dd L E F O R K A M E R I C A N R IVER PROJECT demand and is not operated 24 hours per day (except 140 Small Stream in the wettest of water years) leading to considerable 120 Bypass Reach River Flow daily and within-daily flow fluctuations in the reach. 100 Downstream of Small Diversions 80 Water Quality 60 MFP operations have also altered the temperature Discharge (cfs) 40 regimes in the large bypass and peaking reaches, especially 20 during the summer and early fall. In particular, the storage of cool water in French Meadows and Hell 0 Hole reservoirs during the spring runoff period and its ct v c n b ar r ay n ul g p O No De Ja Fe M Ap M Ju J Au Se subsequent release from low-level outlets throughout Streamflow with MFP the summer and fall have substantially reduced water Streamflow without MFP temperatures in the upper reaches of the Middle Fork Diversions at Duncan Creek and North and South Fork Long Canyon creeks are operated seasonally and primarily reduce American and Rubicon rivers by as much as 22-25°F spring flows. (from low 70’s to high 40’s). Although substantial thermal warming occurs in these bypass reaches during of the diversion facilities, which result in a large portion the summer as a result of high ambient temperatures of the flow passing downstream. During the summer/fall and low flows, the magnitude of warming is similar season, the diversions are not operated because of low to pre-Project conditions since minimum instream inflow. Therefore, natural flow entering the diversion flow releases are currently equal to or slightly higher facilities are passed downstream into the bypass reaches. than under unimpaired conditions. Mean daily water temperatures in the lower portions of these bypass reaches The MFP has a single peaking reach, which extends currently exceed 72-77°F during the warmest part of the from Oxbow Powerhouse to the high-water mark of year. Stream temperatures in the smaller bypass reaches Folsom Reservoir. In this reach, flows fluctuate during the summer and fall are unaffected by the MFP, substantially to meet power demands or to support because water is not diverted during this time period. whitewater recreation. MFP operations also cause summer and fall instream Operations of the MFP also result in considerable daily temperature in the upper portions of the Middle Fork fluctuations in flow in the peaking reach between the American River below Middle Fork Interbay and in minimum flow requirement (75 cfs) and the capacity of the peaking reach downstream of Ralston Afterbay the Oxbow Powerhouse (approximately 1,080 cfs). The (Oxbow Powerhouse) to be substantially cooler than powerhouse is typically operated to follow daily power natural conditions. This temperature reduction is caused by the release of water into these reaches from Project 3200 facilities (Middle Fork Interbay and Ralston Afterbay Peaking via Oxbow Powerhouse) that receive the majority of 2400 Reach water from the cool depths of Hell Hole Reservoir. River Flow Downstream While limited water quality information is 1600 of Oxbow available for waters directly affected by the MFP, Powerouse the existing data does not identify any widespread, Discharge (cfs) 800 persistent water quality issues.