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36 Rising India Index.Indd 687 8/28/08 12:37:01 PM 688 Index

36 Rising India Index.Indd 687 8/28/08 12:37:01 PM 688 Index

INDEX

A Alien Control Officers Abe, Shinzo, 146 Philippines, 527 Abdul Kalam (President), 86, 313, 314 All-Malaya Hindu Conference, 461 Abdullah Badawi, 342, 441 Amanah Saham Nasional, 342, 343 academics Amar Emporium, 533 , 43 Ambani, Mukesh, 136 accounting and audit areas Amco, 533 under-representation, 327 American Civil War, 30 Acharya, Amitav, 158 American colonialism Adi Dravidar , 457–59 Philippines, 500 adivasi labour, 18 Amedeo Corporation, 180 Aditha Birla Group, 136, 240 Amul ice cream, 183 Africa slave trade Anand Pur Durbar, 245 involvement of banians, 23 Andamans, 14 Agamic, 458, 459 , 241 Agamic gods, 467 Angkor Wat, 88, 288, 294 Agamic temples, 459 Anholt, Simon, 130 Agencia Bocolod, 533 annual earnings Agencia Zee, 533 Indian males in Malaysia, 340 Agreement on Confidence Building anti-Chinese opposition Measures (CBM), 196 trade unions, from, 10 agriculture anti-Pol Pot forces, 94 Malaysia, 348 APTECH, 198, 201 Ahmad Fairuz Sheikh Abdul Halim Aptech -Ascent Network (Chief Justice), 390 Solutions, 517 Air Services Agreement Arakan, 14 Brunei and India, 172 Bangladeshi migrants, 53 Aiyar, Pallavi, 202 Arasaratnam, 13 alibata arc of advantage, 105 Filipino alphabet, 500 Archaelogical Survey of India, 294

687

36 Rising India Index.indd 687 8/28/08 12:37:01 PM 688 Index

Armani, 131 Asian Relations Conference (ARC), 92 Arumugam, M., 247 Asiatic foreigners Arthasastra, 158, 195 Cambodia, 289 , 679 Association of Southeast Asian ASEAN Nations, see ASEAN economic ties with India, 76 A.T. Kearney, FDI Confidence Index, imports from, 76 111 India’s FTA with, 84 Atma Jyoti, 247, 248 ASEAN Development Fund, 97 August International Trade Co, 199 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), 118 Aurobindo Pharma, 198 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), 95 ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Chinese labour migration policy, 10 Cooperation, 78 destination for skilled migrants, 39 ASEAN+3, 118, 126 white convict heritage, 17 ASEAN-10, 125 Ayodhya, King of, 304 ASEAN-India Car Rally, 115 Aysha Mosque, 184 ASEAN-India Consultations on ayurveda, 137 Agriculture, 99 Ayuthaya, 91 ASEAN-India Cooperation Fund, 97 Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament, 395 ASEAN-India FTA, 76 ASEAN-India Science and Technology B Fund, 97 Bacolod ASEAN-India Summit (2004), 115 Indian Economic Association, 533 ASEAN-India Working Group on Bacolod Airport, 543 Health and Pharmaceuticals, 99 Bacolod City ASEAN-India Working Group on commercial establishments, 534 Science and Technology, 99 Bahai ASEAN-India Working Group on Indonesia, 234 Transport & Infrastructure, 99 Bahasa Malaysia, 339, 345 Ashenfelter, Orley, 353 performance in, 347 Asia-Pacific century, 75 Bahrain Asia-Pacific region, 74 Indian migrants in, 21 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Bajaj, 133 (APEC), 118 Bajaj Auto Limited, 139 Asian Cooperation Dialogue, 100 Bajaj, Sanjiv, 139 Asian Development Bank (ADB), 502, Bali Summit, 125 522 Bamar language, 59 Asian Economic Community (AEC), Bandar Seri Begawan Indian 101, 105, 116, 124, 125, 313 Association (BSBIA), 186 Asian financial crisis non-aligned conference, 3 effect on Malaysia, 331 Bandung Conference, 93 Asian Institute of Management Bangkok, 54, 60 Makati, 502 Tamil Hindu migrants, 61

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Bangkok Tamil Muslim Association, 61 bilateral trade Bangladesh, 95 India-Korea, 307 migrants from, 53 Binjai, 231 Bani Chams, 291 Birlas, 296 bankers, 60 Bismi Trading, 183 Indonesia, 230 Bohai Bay Economic Rim, 199 Bao Forum, 77 Bohol, 99 Barbers, Robert, 523 Bohras, 54 Barisan Nasional, 63, 359, 378, 443 Bombay Merchant’s Association, 238 coalition system of government, 360 Bombay 5–6 composition, 474 Manila, 502 structure, 361 Bong Ho-Kim, 304 Barooh, Smita, 630 Bose, Subhas Chandra, 58, 147, 456, Barwani, Ram, 239 552, 555–58, 682 Basu, Subho, 18 legacy, 557 Batavia, 13 priests, 67 Batey, Ian, 130 Brand India, 132 , 66, 468 Brandt, William, 74 Bay of Initiative for Mutli- Britain Sectoral Technical and Economic occupation of Burma, 50 Cooperation (BIMSTEC), 95, 107 occupation of India, 50 BIMSTEC Summit, 670 British Company, 14 Becker, Gary, 320, 339, 345 , 12 Belait Indian Association, 186 British Guiana, 12 Benkulu, 14 British Indian Steam Navigation Bhagwan Mahavir Swami Jain Temple, Company, 33 271 British national dish, 22 Bharat Forge, 138 British West Indies, 12 Bharatha Natyam, 637, 638 Brunei, see Brunei Darussalam Bharatiya Janata Brunei Darussalam, 54, 99, 171–90 Bhawani, Ramesh Jiwatan, 181 arrivals from South Asia, 175 Berlin wall bilateral political relations with collapse of, 94 India, 172 support for, 82 Brunei Shell Petroleum Company, Best Department Store, 533 187 Beyer, Otley, 522 Durga temples, 185 bhakti devotionalism, 468 economic position of South Indians, controversial modes, 469 177–84 Bharati Ladies Club, 505 foreign born South Asian Bhaskars Academy of Dance, 642 population, 176 Bihar Gurkhas, 179 farmers, 53 healthcare policy, 181 Saran district, 19 Hindu Cremation Board, 187

36 Rising India Index.indd 689 8/28/08 12:37:01 PM 690 Index

Indian Chamber of Commerce, Burma Delta 183, 186, 187 British annexation of, 52 Indian population, 173 Burundi, 450 labour laws, 179 study of ethnic violence in, 449 Malay Islamic Monarchy, 188 Busan National University Students Melayu--Beraja, 58 Association, 312 occupation by Britain, 50 business consultants population, 171–77 Indonesia, 230 population by racial group, 174 Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), Public Works Department, 189 499, 513–14 Report on the Census of Population Business Week, 207, 212 (1972), 172 society and identity, 184–87 C Brunei Darussalam Indian Chamber of California Commerce, 186 anti-Chinese policy, 9 Brunei , 58 Cambodia, 99, 293–95 Brunei Investment Agency, 172 census (1937), 289 Brunei-Muara District, 183 Gorakhpuris, 293 Bruneiasation policy, 180 Indian businesses in, 293 Indian pharmaceutical companies, conversion into, 62 294 Bulgari, 131 Cambridge University, 556 bumiputras, 319, 320 Canada initial public offerings reserved for, Chinese labour migration policy, 342 10 pro-growth policies (1980s), 330 Canton, 196 rights, 446 Cape archives under-representation in certain research in, 13 sectors, 327 Capiz, 531 Burma, 12 Caribbean Arakan province, 33 indentured migration, 16 befriending foreign governments, 80 Caribbean nations, 4 Citizenship Law, 334 caste system, 21 demand for Indian convicts, 16 Caucus of Foreign Chambers of diversity of Indian business groups, Commerce, 503 34 Centre for Urban and Development Indian migration flow, 32 Studies, 289 percentage of population as Indians, Centres for English Language Training, 33 in CLMV countries, 98 pre-war economy, 52 Ceylon, 12, 13, 67 rice industry, 33–35 Ceylon , 163 tension between Rohingyas and Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 18 Rakhine, 34 Champa, 91

36 Rising India Index.indd 690 8/28/08 12:37:01 PM Index 691

Champa kingdoms, 288 Catholicism, 6 Chandra, Amit, 137 large presence, 8 Chandru Punjabi, 181 migrants living in kongsis, 337 Changzhou Wujin NatSteel Company Chinese diaspora, 6 Limited, 139 Chinese merchants Chatterjee, Indrani, 14 regional trading, 6 chawl, 223 Chinese migrants Chettiar middle class, 456 profile, 9 Chettiars, 52 wider range of occupations, 35 CLMV countries, 288 Chinese migration Vietnam, 289 difference from Indian, 35 Chiang Mai, 99 Chinese overseas, 6 Chiang Mai Initiative, 118 Chinoy, Sujan R., 201 chicken tikka masala, 22 Choi Jung-il, 308 Chidambaram (Foreign Minister), Chola Kingdom, 549 131 Choson Dynasty, 305 China, 102, 195–206 civil wars, 9 spread of, 91 dismantling of bureaucracy, 5 Chulia merchants, 28 economic success, 5 Chung King Mansion, 208 economic zones, 199 Citigroup, 180 growth performance, 75 citizenship Indian communities in, 196 issue of, 58 main locations of Indians, 200 civil service modernization drive, 10 Malaysia, 382 Most-Favoured Nation Agreement civil society with India, 197 Malaysia, 367–69 performance of economy, 4 Clapham Junction, 552 policy towards oversea Chinese, Clinton, Bill 81 visit to India, 151 relations with India, historical Coedes, George (Professor), 89, 549 perspective, 4 Cold War, 3 return of Indians from, 199–201 1960s, 148 special economic zones, 199 end of, 72, 149 China National Tourism Cold War Equation Administration, 201 obstacle to greater integration, 153 China-ASEAN bilateral trade, 76 Colonial Office, 554 Chindia, 201, 212–13 Committee on Talent and Chindia-connection Recruitment (STAR), 40 study by analysts, 212 Commonwealth countries Chinese sizeable Indian presence, 80 contractors, 337 Comprehensive Economic Cooperation economic profile, 8 Agreement (CECA), 100

36 Rising India Index.indd 691 8/28/08 12:37:02 PM 692 Index

Article 7.11, 42 Malaysian Malaysia concept, 371 Singapore, 41 Democratic People’s Republic of Comprehensive Economic Partnership Korea, 301 Agreement (CEPA), 114, 152 see also North Korea Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Deng Xiaoping, 5 (CTBT), 149 China’s modernization drive, 10 computable general equilibrium Department of Foreign Affairs (CGE), 124 Philippines, 519 Confederation of Indian Industries Devi Mandir, 245 (CII), 133, 136 Dhanabalan, Suppiah, 560 Congress Party of India, 74, 82, 359 Dialogue Partner with ASEAN, 95 construction workers, Singapore, 42 Diamond Shopping Centre, 33 Contact Singapore, 42 Doi Moi contract labour, 36 Vietnam, 291 Convention on the Rights of the domestic workers Child, 412 Singapore, 42 Coromandel Hong Kong, 213–14 traders from, 52 double tax deductions, Singapore, 41 Council of Scientific and Industrial Dr ’s Laboratories, 198, 201 Research, 82 Dravidian ideologies, 460 Cultural Exchange Programme, 312 Dravidian movement, 58 Cyberjaya, 451 Dravidian movement-based organizations, 64 D DRB-Hicom Berhad, 140 Da Nang DTSi Technology, 139 museums, 89 dual citizenship scheme, India, 82 Daewoo, 138 Durga temples, Brunei, 185 Dalat, 291 Dutch cape Danang, 291 slaves, 1 Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, 308 Dutch Guiana, 12 Day of the Persons of Indian Origin Dutch planters (PIO), 46 Javanese labour, 54 Declaration on “East Asia Energy Security”, 101 E Deepavali, 66, 185 e-chaupal, 207 celebration in Jakarta, 247 East Africa, 12 celebration in Kobe, 271 East Asia Manila, 505 arrival and settlement of Indians, Medan, 246 49–55 Delhi Asian Relations Conference, 93 community formations among Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, 104 Indians, 49–70 Delima Jaya Complex, Brunei, 184 economic engagement with India, Democratic Action Party, 370 107–29

36 Rising India Index.indd 692 8/28/08 12:37:02 PM Index 693

economic reforms, 110–13 understanding nature of, 89–90 Embassy of India uniqueness of relations, 87–88 Beijing, 198 settlement of Indians, 69 India’s engagement with, 87–106 East Asian economic crisis, 118 Asian Relations Conference, 92 impact on Singapore, 584 bilateral intiatives and East Asian market, 131 possibilities, 99–101 East Asian traders content, 90 settling in South Asia, 91 India-ASEAN Engagement, East Bengal, 33 115–16 East India Company, 551 Indians in, 46–47 Singapore, 563 Look East Policy, 114–16 East Malaysia, 350 macroeconomic outlook, 108–10 Eastern Federation, 92–93 movement of Indians in, 27–70 Ecole Francaise d’Extreme Orient regional integration, 113–14 (EFEO), 89 India’s outward direct investment, Economic Council of Indonesia and 123 India (ECII), 247 interactions with, 157–65 economic growth, Singapore, 64 percentage share of India’s trade, economic integration 120 growing, 111 trade with India, 119 Economic Partnership Agreement East Asia Summit (EAS), 78, 101, (EPA), 152 102, 125 economic stimulus, 74–76 effect on temple architecture, 91 Edogawa enlargement of Look East Policy, Indian residents, 262 101 education enlargement of, 93–94 role in economic growth and equitable evolution of India-ASEAN relations, distribution of income, 350 94–95 Singapore, 585–94 Fifth India-ASEAN Summit, Education and Research Association 97–98 for Consumers, Malaysia, 393 First, 151 Eighth Malaysian Plan, 331 impact of colonialism, 91–92 electronic goods manufacturers, 60 impact on languages, 90–91 emigration Look East Policy, 95–97 promotion of national development, major role players, 90–91 27 observations from personal Employees Provident Fund, Malaysia, experiences, 88–89 348, 349, 350 proposal for an Eastern Federation, employment 92–93 Malaysia, 322, 323 recent initiatives, 98–99 English Daily, 215 silk route, 91 English education spice route, 91 demand for, 266

36 Rising India Index.indd 693 8/28/08 12:37:02 PM 694 Index

English language Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive use in Brunei, 177 Economic and Trade Cooperation Entrepreneurial Development Centre, (CETC), 198 294 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Entrepreneurship Development China, flows in, 111 Centres, 98 India, 82 Eonmeun, 306 Korea-India relations, 307 Essel Packaging, 198 Foreign Minister’s Meeting, 149 ethnic affiliation, 60 foreign policy, Indian, 82 ethnic identity Foreign Service Institute, New Delhi, retention of, 60 98 ethnic rioting Framework Agreement for Malaysia, 439–41 Comprehensive Economic (EU), 313 Cooperation, 76, 115 exchange rates, 223 Framework Agreement on Establishing expatriates a FTA, 100 Malaysia, 44 French Caribbean, 12 negritude movement, 17 F Flag International, 138 Far Eastern Economic Reivew, 292 Frankel, Francine, 137 farmers, Bihar, 53 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Federal Constitution Thailand and India, 670 Article 121(1A), 395 Fu Guo, 195 official religion, 395 Fiji, 6, 12 G girmit, 17 Galfar, 180 Indian community, 83 Galleria YMRM, 182 Indian migration, 17 Gandhi, Indira, 148 Filipino alphabet Gandhi Institute of Business and alibata, 500 Technology, 239 Filipino First Policy, 501 Gandhi International School, Jakarta, Filipino Indian Chamber of 250 Commerce (FICC), 501, 503 Gandhi Memorial International School delegation’s visit to India, 518 (GMIS), 238 Filipino-Chinese Chamber of Gandhi, Rajiv Commerce and Industries, 503 visit to China, 196 Filipino-Indian Fellowship, 507 Gandhi Sewa Loka (Gandhi Service financial contribution Centre), 238 for independence movement, 80 Gandhi, Sonia, 72, 84 financiers Gandhian independence movement, 58 Indonesia, 230 gangsterism, 441 Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, Garuda, 245 197 Geeta Ashram, 677

36 Rising India Index.indd 694 8/28/08 12:37:02 PM Index 695

General Labour Importation Scheme growth, 84 (GLIS), 219 Malaysia, 322 Genomal family Group of Concerned Indians (GCI), Sindhi migrants to Manila, 501 370, 373 George Yeo, 78 Gujarati businessmen, 288 Germany, division of, 85 Gujarati-Marwari Society, 679 Gertner, David, 142 Gujerati Jains, Kobe, 274 Gini coefficient, 580 Gujerati merchants, 28 Girard, Michel, 130 East Africa, 13 Glamour Sports Company, 181 Gukmeun, 306 global integration, 111 Gulf countries, 81 global marriage network, 273–75 oil rich, 81 Global Organization for the People of Gulf States, taxi drivers in, 13 Indian Origin (GOPIO), 46 Gupta, Amit, 160 Global Partnership in the New Asian Gurkhas, Myanmar, in, 53 Era, 104 Guru Nanak, 245 Global Steelworks International Inc, Guru Nanak Darbar, 271 516 gurudwaras, 538–39 globalization, 623 India-Thai Chamber of Commerce, impact on requirement of new 67 skills, 574 Guthrie, 377 GMIS Bali Branch, 239 Gwidani, Ajit, 544 , 91 Gwidani brothers, 531 presence of Portugal, 54 Godrej, 292 H Goh Chok Tong, 628 halal food shops Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, 17 Tokyo, 261 Gold Standard Cooking Oil, 183 Hangeul alphabetical system, 306 Golden Era of Japan-India similarity to Tamil, 307 Relationship, 155 Hankuk University, 311 Goldman Sach Hanover Fair Exhibition BRICs study, 110 Germany, 134 Gopal, Ram, 636 Harilelas Gramsci, 368 Hong Kong, 212 Great Alloniers Trading Corporation, Harrisons & Crosfield, 377 425 haute couture, 159 Great Depression, 553 Hathiramani, 521 end of kangani-assisted recruitment, health professionals, 43 36 health issues Great Kanto Earthquake, 270 Indians in Malaysia, 340 theory, 564 hedge-fund operators Greater South Africa, 13 Indonesia, 230 Gross Domestic Product Hemant Trivedi, 141

36 Rising India Index.indd 695 8/28/08 12:37:03 PM 696 Index

High Level Conference, 125 , 210–11 Highlands & Lowlands, 377 Race Discrimination Bill, 212 Hilton International, 136 Recognizance Reporting Office, 208 Society of Korea, 312 , 211–12 Hindu Chinmaya Organization , 211–12 Singapore, 631 smuggling of people into, 222 Hindu Rights Action Force, 387 wages in household work, 217 Malaysia, 386 Hong Kong Immigration Department, Hindu Temple 208 Happy Valley, 211 Hong Kong Kiu Bo Bo, 218 Hindu temples Hong Tou A-San, 196 demolition of, 391 Hsuan-Tan, 195 Hindu Welfare Board (HWA), 186 Hsuan-Tsang, 204, 205 Hindu-Buddhist traditions of Hu Jintao, 103, 206 kingship, 28 Human Development Index, 72 , 67 Human Rights Action Force adaptation, 470 (Hindraf), 391 Agamic forms, 470 Human Rights Committee, 387 origins, 457–59 Human Rights Watch, exodus of , 60 Rohingyas, 34 Jakarta, 234 Hunmin jeongeum, 306 Lever Limited, 136 Hussaimiya, B.A. (Assoc. Prof.), 189 Hindustan Times, 155 Hussain Syed Shaznawaz, 140 HIV, India, in, 72 Hyogo Prefecture, 256, 263 Ho Chi Minh City, 290 Hyundai, 308 Hoi An, 91 Holi I celebration in Jakarta, 247 IAEA, 154 Hong Kong, 49 ICT professionals Chindia, 212–13 Indonesia, 230 exchange rates, 223 Iloilo City, 530, 538 Harilela Foundation, 212 immigration policy, Singapore, 41 historical overview of Indians in, imports, from Singapore, 40 209–13 Incredible India website, 103 Immigration Department and indentured migration, 16–18 Labour Department, 219 Independence League of India, 682 Indian domestic workers, 213–18 India Indian Domestic Workers advantages, 562–63 Association, 214 ASEAN dialogue partner, 563 Indian overstayers, 222 bureaucracy, 5 Indian restaurant workers, 218–21 capitalization on technology, 40 Indian traders, 50 Congress Party, 82 investors, as, 6 dual citizenship, 82

36 Rising India Index.indd 696 8/28/08 12:37:03 PM Index 697

economic partner of Singapore, 40 science and technology economic engagement with East infrastructure, 112 Asia, 107–29 tourism literature in Chinese economic profile, 102 language, 103 economic reforms, 72 trade with East Asian countries, 119 economic ties with ASEAN, 76 Trade and Transit Treaty, 114 external relations, 84 traditional friendship with FDI inflows from East Asia, 121–22 Cambodia, 295 foreign policy, 82 underdevelopment, 161 foreign policy redirection, 73–74 India Club, 283 Gross Domestic Product, 73, 109 Jakarta, 247 HIV population, 72 India Republic Day imports from ASEAN, 76 celebration in Kobe, 271 independence, 474 India rising phenomenon, 84 influence on , 158 see also Raising India interest in Asia, 4 India Brand Equity Foundation Korean investments in, 309 (IBEF), 133, 136 lack of organisation, 161 India Incorporated, 137 long-term strategic thinking about India-ASEAN Car Rally, 96 Asia, 4 India-ASEAN Comprehensive Most-Favoured Nation Agreement Economic Cooperation with China, 197 Framework Agreement, 96 National Association of Software India-ASEAN cooperation, 73 and Service Companies India-ASEAN engagement, 77 (NASCOM), 42 India-ASEAN FTA, 96 National Democratic Alliance, 82 India-ASEAN interactions, 79 National Sample Survey (NSS), India-ASEAN Summit 109 Fifth, 97 outward direct investment to East Third, 98 Asia, 123 India-Brunei Joint Committee outward orientation, 75 Meeting, 173 percentage share of trade with East India-China Friendship Year, 103 Asia, 120 India-China FTA policy of non-alignment, 93 feasibility of, 117 qualified people leaving, 81 India-China Regional Trading relations with China, 102–105 Arrangement, 103 historical perspective, 4–6 India-China Year of Friendship relations with Japan, 102–105, through Tourism, 103 116–18 India-Indonesia Strategic Dialogue, relations with South Korea, 102–105, 79 117 India-Japan Economic Partnership relations with USSR, 73 Agreement, 104 relations with Soviet Union, 3 India-Japan relations, 116–17

36 Rising India Index.indd 697 8/28/08 12:37:03 PM 698 Index

India-Myanmar-Thailand Highway, Indian Community in Beijing (ICB), 96, 99 201 India-Philippines relations Indian Community of Edogawa (ICE), agricultural cooperation, 517 262 defence cooperation, 517 Indian convict diaspora, 14–15 pharmaceutical cooperation, 518 Indian Council of Cultural Relations, tourism cooperation, 517 312 India-ROK Cultural Cooperation Indian Council of World Affairs Agreement, 310 (ICWA), 92 India-South Korean relations, 117 Indian cultural environment, India-Southeast Asian relations, 77 preference for, 266 India-Taiwan relations, 651–66 Indian diaspora constrained political relations, networks, 279 660 refashioning of identity, 38–40 economic incentives, 653, 654 Indian Diaspora Award economic interactions and links, Malaysia, 46 653 Indian Diaspora Day, 388 economic security, 656–57 Indian domestic workers future trends, 663–64 diminished lives and opportunities, Indian labour as facilitators, 657 215–16 investment obstacles, 659 Hong Kong, 213–18 limitations, 661 Indian Economic Association, 527 pragmatism, 662–63 Indian Emporium, 533 trends in bilateral trade, 653–55 Indian government India-Vietnam relations, 287 encouragement of emigration, 27 Indian Associations, 503–507 Indian High Commission, 511 Indian bureaucracy, 8 Suva, 83 Indian Chamber of Commerce Indian identity (INCHAM), 292 Myanmar, 494 Indian Chamber of Commerce, 504 Indian immigration Brunei, 183 modern period of, 49 Philippines, 501 Indian Immigration Committee, 51 Singapore, 553 Indian Immigration Fund, 36 Indian Chamber of Commerce Japan Indian Independence League, 556 (ICCJ), 270, 271 Indian independence movement, 55 Indian Christians, 64 Indian Institute of Technology, 160 Indian Civil Service (ICS), 5 Indian knowledge workers, 40 Indian communities, 8–9 Indian labour force assimilation into indigenous in plantations, 36 communities, 59 Indian labour migrants Manila, 502–503 assisted labour, 52 performance in Malaysian economy, Indian Ladies Club 324 Manila, 505

36 Rising India Index.indd 698 8/28/08 12:37:04 PM Index 699

Indian mercantile activity, 14 Indian slave trade, 13 Indian Merchants Association, 312 Indian slaves Korea, 311 role of, 13 Indian middle class, 446 Indian Southeast Asians Malaysia, 40 integration into societies, 65 Indian migrant labour Indian Space Research Organization colonial period, 487 (ISRO), 100 first wave, 487 Indian sub-continent mass exodus, 488–89 diversity of human flows from, second wave, 488 56–57 Indian migration human flow from, 55 Burma, 33–35 new wave of human flow, 68 East Asia, 27–70 Indian traders historical background, 30–38 Hong Kong, 50 flow of, 6 Indian Women in Korea, 312 large scale, 459 Indian Women’s Association, 247, Manila, 499 248, 312 prior to 16th Century, 28 Indian workforce skilled, 27 Malaysia, 325 socio-economic background, 259 Indian-, 164 Tokyo, 260 Indian Progressive Front (IPF), 365–67 Southeast Asia, 30 Indians unregulated, 34 adjustments, 65–67 Indian migration flows, 32 Burma, in, 30, 31, 33 Indian Muslims Cambodia, in, 293 Laos, 295 changes in occupational profile in Malaysia, 64 Malaysia, 328 Indian mutiny, 554 CLMV countries, 287–97 (INA), 147, colonial diaspora, 12–26 453 diminished lives and opportunities, Indian National Congress, 556 215–16 Indian nationalism enhanced lives, 216–17 wartime politics, 470 historical background, 288–96 Indians Overseas, 278 historical overview, 209, 209–13 Indian Penal Code, 553 Hong Kong, in, 207–23 Indian policymakers, 5 impact of rising India, 296–97 Indian Progressive Front (IPF), 359 indigenous ethnic groups, 63 Indian Revenue Service (IRS), 5 Indonesia, in, 229–52 Indian restaurants Kobe, 270–71 Shanghai, in, 199 composition, 270–71 Indian settlers locations in Korea, 303 history of, 162 Malaysia’s workforce, 326 Indian slave diaspora, 13 Manila, 499–524

36 Rising India Index.indd 699 8/28/08 12:37:04 PM 700 Index

marginalization of, 8 Infosys, 112, 132, 133, 198, 201 migration to Singapore, 562 Institutes of Higher Learning (IHL), nature of, 55–58 42 newer identities, 65 Institute Teknology Negara, 429 places of gathering in Tokyo, 260–63 inter-ethnic marriages, 61 restaurant workers, 218–21 Muslim, 65 source of data and methodology, Internal Security Act 209 Malaysia, 392 success, 221 International Control Commission trends in Tokyo, 266 (ICC), 93 unskilled labour, Malaysia, 336 International Covenant on Civil and Indira Ghandhi, 5 Political, 412 Indo-German Business Summit, 135 International Covenant on Economic, Indo-Korean Association, 312 Social and Cultural Rights, 412 Indo-Malay community, 15 International Labour Office, 27 Indo-Myanmar cooperation International Organization for growth, 492–93 Migration (IOM), 27 Indo-Phil Textiles, 516 International Ramayana Conference, Indo-U.S. Civilian Nuclear 678 Cooperation Deal, 154 International Rice Research Institute Indonesia, 58, 100, 229–52 (IRRI), 522 Bandung, 3 International Sanskrit Conference, economic position of Indians, 686 237–42 intra-ethnic assimilation, 67 ICT professionals, 230 Islam Indians, social organization and Malaysia, 461–66 identity formation, 242–49 official religion, 461 population and settlement, 230–36 spread of, 91 rising expectations of Indians, 236, Islam Hadhari, 465 236–37 Islamic Administration Bill, 477 social organizations and identity, Islamic Affairs Department, 386 242–49 Islamic faith Indonesia Tamil Mandram, 248 expansion of, 476 Indonesian Chamber of Commerce, insurance experts 247 Indonesia, 230 Indonesian Population Census, 231 Islamic universalistic values, 464 Indophile, 147 Islamization, 464 IndUS Enterpreneurs (TiE), 45 IT companies, 75 Industrial Credit and Investment IT consultants Corporation, 133 United States, 13 information technology sector, 499 IT enterprises information technology workers, Edogawa ward, 259 Malaysia, 43 IT Industry Forum, 97

36 Rising India Index.indd 700 8/28/08 12:37:04 PM Index 701

IT professionals University, 204, 311 Kuala Lumpur, 83 Jawi Pekan, 15 ITC’s e-commerce, 207 Jayakumar, Shunmugam, 560 Jayakumar V., 182 J Jet Airways, 133 Jaffna Tamils, 67, 163 Jethnani, Shyam R., 251 , 246 Jeyaretnam, Joshua Benjamin, 560 Indonesia, 234 Jiangling Motor Corporation Group Jakarta, 229 (JMCG), 138 distribution of Hindus, 236 Jiangsu Province, 199 ethnic groups, 235 Jindal Stainless Ltd, 199 Hindus, 234 Jiribam, 96 Indians in, 62 Joint Declaration on Cooperation population and ethnic diversity, 234 in Combating International Pasar Baru, 61 Terrorism and other Jamaica, 12 Transnational Crimes, 79 Jamia Muslim Mosque, 291 Joint Study Group, 103, 117 Jamu , 239 JPRI Group of companies, 182 Japan, 104, 255–67 Justice Party, 460 composition of Indians, 258–59 J.V. Media Ecological Industries, 517 distribution of Indians by region, 257 experience of nation-building, 85 K halal food shops, 261 Kalistan movement, 243 high labour costs, 275 Kaifu (Prime Minister), 149 income of Indian migrants, 260 Kalam (President), 117 increase of Indians, 256 Kanoria Chemicals and Industries, Indian population in, 256 198 influx of Indians, 258–59 Kaliamman (Durga Amman) Temple occupation of Indian migrants, 260 Tangerang, 245 Japan External Trade Organization Kalistan movement, 60 (JETRO), 135, 152 Kampung Jaya Murni, 442 Japan-India relations, 146–56 Kampung Medan, 438, 440 global partnership, 150–51 Kampung Semarak, 440 improvements, 149–50 kangany migration, 17 obstacles, 148 kangany recruiter, 18 retrospect, 147–48 kangany-assisted recruitment, 36 sea change, 154–55 emigration of families, 37 strategic partnership, 151–53 kangany Japan-U.S.-India-Australia dialogue, 153 definition, 471 Japanese Overseas Development kangany system, 456, 457, 458 Assistance, 150 Karah parshad, 265 Jawaharlal Nehru Cultural Centre Karo Bataks, 60 (JNCC), 247, 249 Kashmir, 91

36 Rising India Index.indd 701 8/28/08 12:37:04 PM 702 Index

kavadi nature of Indian community, 272 definition of, 480 survey of Indians in, 280–82 Kaveas (Datuk), 367 Kobe-Osaka area KCP Group, 292 study of ethnic groups, 270 Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, 312 Kofu Keonard, Karen, 21 Yamannashi prefecture, 263 , 91 Kofu city, 259 Kerala Association, 641 Koizumi (Prime Minister), 116, 152 Keynesian economics, 6 kongsis, 337 Kewal Department Store, 533 Korea Khalsa Diwan, 208, 211, 506 background, 301–303 Khalsa English School, loss of, 244 education, 311 Khalsa School, 238 Hangeul, 306 Khadi, 141 Indians in, 301–15 Khanna, Ajay, 134 Indian community in, 311–12 Kinta Kellas Tamil School, 418 Indian Merchants Association, 311 Khmer Rouge, 293 Indians in, 301–309 Khmer Rouge War Crimes Tribunal, investments in India, 309 99 locations of Indians, 303 Kim-Hae Kim , 304 Korea Foundation, 311 King, Martin Luther, 159 Korea Tamilnanbargal, 312 Kingdom of Champa, 291 Korea-India relations, 304–309 Kirloskars, 295 Agreement on Cooperation in Kirtan, 265 Science & Technology, 310 Kishi (Prime Minister), 155 Agreement on the setting up of Kissinger, Henry, 563 Joint Committees, 310 Klang Valley, 451 Agreement on Trade Promotion, Kobe Economic and Technological brides from India, 279 Cooperation, 309 high cost living, 275 Bilateral Investment Promotion/ Indian, enduring ties with India, Protection Agreement (BIPA), 277–78 310 Indian community, 269–83 bilateral trade, 307–309 composition, 270–71 bilateral treaties and agreements, history, 269–70 309–11 Indian women in, 274 common vision, 312–14 Indian women’s career, 272–73 Convention on Double Taxation Indians Avoidance, 310 education of children, 278 Cultural Exchange Programme, 312 education and religious activities, education, 311 273 historical background, 304–307 relations with India, 276–77 important bilateral agreements, mobility of Indians, 275–76 309–11

36 Rising India Index.indd 702 8/28/08 12:37:05 PM Index 703

India-ROK Air Services Agreement, Laos 310 LG, 308 MoU on cooperation in the field of Indians in, 295–96 Telecommunication, 310 pharmaceutical companies, 296 MoU on Science and Technology, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, 199, 201 310 lascars, 12, 14, 19 science and technology, 310–11 Lee Hsien Loong, 77, 621 Tourism Cooperation Agreement, announcement on Indian 310 professionals, 625 Treaty on Extradition, 310 Lhasa, 196 Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance Liaoning Province, 199 in Criminal Matters, 310 life expectancy Korea-India Club, 312 Indian males in Malaysia, 340 Korea-India Society, 312 Line of Actual Control Korean alphabet, 306 India-China border, 196 Korean War, 301 L.N. Mittal, 240 Kotler, Philip, 142 Lok Sabha, 659 Krishna Temple, 311 Look East Policy, 73–75, 79, 82, 114 Kshatriyas, 288 effect on Singapore, 563 Kuala Lumpur, 66 Lord Krishna, 245 East Asia Summit (EAS), 101 Lotus Club, 636 Indian IT professionals, 83 Luang Prabang, 91 Kumarjeeva, 195 Lupin Laboratories, 198 kumpee ke naukur, 24 Kwangju Institute of Science and M Technology, 312 Madrasi, 51 Madura, 442 L Mahabharata, 500 labour brokers, 31 Maharashtra, Ratnagiri, 19 labour circulation practice, 36 Mahathir Mohamad, 74, 447 Labour Force Survey Report, 352 nationalist development discourse, labour migrants 449 colonial Indian, 18–20 setting of bumiputra equity target, labour migration 342 colonial economies, 16 Mahatma Gandhi School, 239 colonial trans-Asian, 24 Mahasivarathiri, 246 unassisted, 52 Buddhism, 304, 305 labour migration streams, 14 Mahindra & Mahindra, 138, 140 labour protectionism, 10 Maika Holdings, 427–28, 431 Lakshamana, Haresh, 239 maistry system, 33 Langar, 265 labour contractor, 33 Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 295 Maju Institute for Educational National Data Centre, 100 Development, 429

36 Rising India Index.indd 703 8/28/08 12:37:05 PM 704 Index

Majujaya, 431 agamicization, 466, 467 Malacca, 13, 14 Amanah Saham Nasional, 342, 343 Malay extremism, 439, 446 apathy of Indian middle class, 416 Asian financial crisis, effect of, 331 requirement in Brunei, 184 Article 11 gatherings, 465 Malay hegemony Bahasa Malaysia, 345 Malay Peninsula bumiputras, 312, 320 impact of Indian kingdoms on, 550 change in wage rates, 344 Malay-Islamic nationalism, 447 changes in occupational profile of Malay-Muslims Indians, 328 fear regarding integrity of Islam, 479 changes in workforce, 326 Malaya, 12 Chinese, historical advantage, 356, break down of Indian migrants, 38 357 British divide-and-rule policy, 38 Chinese economic performance, 325 Chinese migration under credit-ticket Chinese migrants, 337 system, 35 civil service, 382 exporter of tin and rubber, 31 civil society, 367–69 independence, 38 communal politics, 380–81 Indian Emigration Act, 37 community action programmes, 348 Indian Immigration Committee composition of civil service, 383 (IIC), 36 conference of ulamas, 385 Indian labour for plantations, 36 cooperative movements, 426–27 Indian migration, 32, 376, 377 Council of Islamic Jurists, 394 Indian women migration, 36, 37 counter-hegemonic representations, kangani-assisted recruitment, 36, 37 369–71 labour recruitment, 456 Credit Guarantee Corporation population by racial group (1911–47), (CGC), 341 37 criminal activities, 372 rubber industry, 35–38 cultural and religious role of Indians in, 35–38 marginalization of Indians, strategic gateway to Pacific, 31 384–86 Malayalees, 64 death in police custody, 380 Malayan Communist Party, 558 Democratic Action Party (DAP), Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army, 370 558 demolition of Hindu temples, 391 Malayization descendants of convicts, 15 Tamil Hindus, 63 desecration of Hindu temples, 476 Malays, 63 Deepavali, 66 boosting of equity in NEP, 357 dilemma of converts, 389, 390 bumiputras, 63 disatisfaction with government government-sponsored, 438 policies, 389 requirement for marriage, 6 distribution of household income Malaysia, 6, 100, 319–54, 358, 359 and race, 423

36 Rising India Index.indd 704 8/28/08 12:37:05 PM Index 705

distribution of Indians in rural and HICOM, 434 urban areas, 378 Hindu Rights Action Force, 386 Dravidianism, 460 Hinduism, 460 economic performance of Malays, caste system, 459–60 325 origins, 457–59 economic self-help, 424–25 household income, 330 economy Immigration Act, 44 dramatic transformation, 321 impact of freer imports of unskilled trends for Indian population, labour, 336–38 321–31 impact of government policies, Education, Welfare and Research 331–36 Foundation (EWRF), 429 incidence of poverty by ethnic educational attainment, 321 group, 335 educational attainment of labour income of Chinese households, 331 force, 324, 332 increased township development, effects of ethnic preference policies, 377 381–82 Indian businessmen with political Employees Provident Fund (EPF), patronage, 382 343, 349 Indian economic performance, employment by occupations, 322 319–354 employment of semi-skilled and Indian economic position, 422–24 unskilled workers, 44 Indian households, 351 ethnic clashes, 436 Indian involvement in agriculture, ethnic groups and occupations, 326 348 ethnic identity, 65 Indian labour ethnic violence, 387 academics, 43 ethnicity, 461–66 health professionals, 43 expatriates, 44, 45 skilled professionals, 43 factors causing under-investment in Indian leadership, 380–81 human capital, 338–40 Indian population, 55 factors guiding economic well Indian SMEs, 341, 342 being, 349 Indian unemployment, 344 Federal Constitution, 385, 413 Indian workforce, 325 article, 160, 385, 418 Indian middle class, 40 Federal Institute of Technology Indian migration, 43–46 (FIT), 339 Indian resurgence, 456–81 foreign contract workers, 44 Indians gross domestic product, 322 causes of marginalization, 377 health, 340–41 condition of marginality, 376–80 Group of Concerned Indians move from plantations to urban (GCI), 370, 373 areas, 357 Handbook of Rubber Statistics, 393 plantation oriented culture, 472 health of human capital, 340 socio-economic data, 376

36 Rising India Index.indd 705 8/28/08 12:37:05 PM 706 Index

Indians towards Vision 2020, politics of Malay hegemony, 358–59 375–97 politics of representation, 359 insecurity among Malays, 447 population census (2000), 457 Internal Security Act, 392 post-war Hindu renewal, 460–61 Islam, 461–66 predominantly Malay bureaucracy, Islamic Affairs Department, 386 379 Islamic radicalism, 462 priorities for action, 341–46 issue of religious conversion, 386 improving economic well-being, IT professionals, 395 343–46 Kerling incident, 466 increasing equity stake, 342–43 ketuanan Melayu, 373, 389 increasing participation in key issues, 331–41 business ventrues, 341–42 labour force by highest educational Private Higher Education Act, 420 certificate obtained, 333 pro-growth policies (1980s), 330 Labour Force Survey Report, 351 problems with troubled youths, 347 labour recruitment, 44 Public Works Department, 386 life expectancy, 352 racial riots (1969), 372 major occupational groups, 323 recent demonstrations, 396 Malays, governmental push, 357 registered professionals, 329, 330 mean monthly household income relations between ethnic groupings, by ethnic and income groups, 449 334 relative performance of Indian mean monthly income, 324 community, 346 Memorandum on National Culture, right to mother tongue education, 394 411 mother tongue education, 365 riots, 439–41 National Education policy, 413 role of UMNO, 358 National Electricity Board, 386 Royal Commission to Enhance the National Language Act, 413 Operation and Management non-governmental organizations, 369 of the Royal Malaysian Police occupation by Britain, 50 Force, 394 occupational structure of Sanskritization, 466–67 population, 321 self-help and education, 428–29 offering of permanent residency, 45 social contract, 384 other religious groups, 472 skilled workers, 44 Parti Keadilan, 370 socio economic self-help, 422–35 Pas Lawatan Kerja Sementara, 44 socio-economic profile of Indians, Pas Penggajian, 44 356–58 pegawai dagang, 44 syariah courts, 386, 478, 479 pekerja asing, 44 Tamil school education, 65, 345, pluralistic societies, 63 399–421 politics on Indian representation, as against National Schools, 355–74 403–406

36 Rising India Index.indd 706 8/28/08 12:37:06 PM Index 707

discussion on results, 406 setting up of Special Purpose Entity, ethnic politics, 406–409 342 falling number of students, 403 structural problems, 363 future of, 415–17 structure, 361 history and status, 401–402 Malaysian Standard Classifications of right to education, 409 Occupations, 325 studies on, 402–403 Malaysianization of executive vital statistics, 400 positions, 381 , 467–70 Maldives, 77 Tamilization, 470 males total population, 393 average earnings, 340 trends in Indian economic Malhotra, Manish, 141 performance, 321–31 mandalas under-investment of human capital overlapping, 550 by Indians, 338 Mandalay-Yangon railway, 96 unemployment, 353 Mandela, Nelson, 159 Universities and College Act, 462 Manila, 60 university intakes, 325 Indian Associations, 503–507 unrestricted import of unskilled Indian community, 499–524 labour, 337 business activities, 507–12 upliftment of Malay community, business process outsourcing, 346 513–14 Vision 2020, 375–97 gender roles, 507–12 Vision Schools, 362 restaurants, 512, 513 Waterworks Department, 386 Indian community in, 499–524 Yayasan Strategik Sosial (YSS), 400 historical background, 500–12 youth alienation, 379 Mahatma Gandhi International Malaysia Plans School, 514, 515 allocations for Tamil schools, 408 Saturday Lunch Group, 504 Malaysiakini, 441 Martinez, Patricia, 479 Malaysian Consultative Council Manickavasagam, 430 of Buddhism, Christianity, manufacturing, 8 Hinduism and , 464 role in India’s economy, 73 Malaysian Hindu Sangam, 480 manufacturing industry Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), 46, Singapore, 42 341, 356, 359–60, 373, 445 Manusmriti, 158, 195 Annual General Assemblies, Mao Zedong, 10 discussion on Tamil schools, death of, 5 406 Maran, Musoli, 198 caste politics, eruption of, 473 non-effectiveness of, 364 worship of, 66 political disadvantages, 364 Mariamman Temple, 291 relations with UMNO, 362 Singapore, 22

36 Rising India Index.indd 707 8/28/08 12:37:06 PM 708 Index

Marimuthu, Srinivasan, 240, 241, Mirror Theatre, 642 242 Mittal Steel, 133 Marimuthu, T., 402 mlecchas, 204 marine industry Mody, H.N., 210 Singapore, 42 Mohammed Yunus (Haji), Bismi marriages Trading, 183 arranged, 61 Mohan, C. Raja, 203 inter-ethnic, 61, 65 Mohamed Nazri Aziz, 396 Mascarene Islands, 13 moneylending Mauritius, 6, 12, 13, 14 Western Visayas, 535, 536 South Asia culture in diaspora, 22 Mouat, F.J., 22 May 13 Incident, 462 moral contribution, 80 Maytag, 138 Mori (Prime Minister), 150 Medan, 62 Morning Market Bataks, 249 Vientiane, 295 Medan city, 249 Mukherjee, Pranab, 137, 153 economic position of Indians, 237 Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA), 140 ethnic groups, 222, 233 multinational companies, outsourcing Sikh families, 234 of work to India, 40 Sikhs, 250 multinational enterprises (MNEs), Tamil community, 242 111 Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC), Murpuri migration, studies of, 19 95, 115 Murugan, 66 mergers and acquisitions (M&A), 131, Murugan pilgrimage, 468 138 Murugan temple, 66 Merkel, Angela, 135 Muslim inter-ethnic marriages, 65 Merrill Lynch, 137 Muslims Merry Maidens’ Club, 505 Vietnam, 289 Methani, Shyam, 238 mutineer sepoys, 13 Middle East, 3 Muto, Tomoji, 155 migrant , 12 Myanmar, 59, 91 migrant workers assimilation with local communities, India, 18 58 migration, 6–7 Buddhists, 496 indentured, 16–18 colonial period, 487 migration process culture, 486 North Sumatra, 237 demonetization, 489 mining economic position of Indians, organization through communal 492 kongsi, 35 enterprise nationalization, 489 Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, ethnic Indian population, 489–91 80 Foreigner Registration Act, 495 Mirador Mansion, 208 geo-strategic significance, 485–86

36 Rising India Index.indd 708 8/28/08 12:37:06 PM Index 709

Hindu population, 495 National Sample Survey (NSS), 109 Hindu population by state, 490 National Union of Plantation Workers identification with India, 494–95 (NUPW), Malaysia, 378, 425 independence of, 53 Nattukottai Chettiar, 246 India SME Exhibition, 493 Navarathiri, 61 Indians living in, 53, 485–96 Nazir Ahmad, 182 land holding, 491 Nazmi Textiles, 182 mass exodus, 488, 489 Negros Occidental, 531, 533 migrant labour, 487 commercial establishments, 534 national races, 486, 487 Nehru, Pandit Jawaharlal, 5, 92, 159 need for proper census, 495 Discovery of India, 93 oil and gas, 493 Neo-Confucianism, 305 people-to-people contact, 495 Nepalese second wave, 488 Vietnam, 53 self-help endeavours, 494 New Economic Policy (NEP), 319, self-help programmes, 495 425, 433, 462 boosting of Malay equity, 357 N effects, 381–83 Nagarajan, S. (Dr), 452 Indian self-help groups, 425 Nagoya, 49 New Delhi, 71 Indian traders, 50 New Golden Era of Japan-India Nagrjuna Group, 292 Relationship, 155 Naicker, E.V. Ramasami, 460 New India Assurance Co. Ltd, 684 , C.V. Devan, 559 new industrialized economies (NIEs), names 148 Sanskrit origin, of, 106 Nico J. Horan, 239 Nalanda NIIT, 113, 198, 201, 294 monks of, 204 NIIT Asia Pacific, 627 Narayana Pillay, 551 NIIT-Mind Stream Ltd, 517 Narayanan, Sri K.R., 197 Ninth Malaysia Plan, 331, 352, 387 Natal, 12 Nishan-sahib, 264 Nath, Kamal, 134, 135 non-aligned conference nation-building Bandung, 3 Japanese experience, 85 non-governmental organizations National Association of Software (NGOs) and Service Companies Group of Concerned Indians, 370 (NASSCOM), 213, 514 Malaysia, 369 National Democratic Alliance non-proliferation treaty (NPT), 148 India, 82 non-resident Indians (NRIs), 68, 82 national education policy remittances to India, 82 Singapore, 64 Nordhaus (Professor), 340 National Land Finance Cooperative North American Free Trade Area Society (LFCS), 424 (NAFTA), 105, 124, 313

36 Rising India Index.indd 709 8/28/08 12:37:07 PM 710 Index

North Korea palm oil overall economic performance, import from ASEAN, 76 302 Pan African e-Network, 314 North Sumatra, 62, 65, 229 Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Indian population and settlement, Unions (PMFTU), 559 230 Pandit Samin, 251 Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Pandithan, 365, 366, 367 77 Pangor Group, 240 NUS Centre for the Arts, 643 Pangunni Uthiram, 66 Nye, Joseph, 157, 160, 162 Parisada Hindu Dharma, 246 Parsi Agyari, 196 O Parsis Oberoi, 136 Hong Kong, in, 210–11 occupational structure Parti Keadilan, Malaysia, 370 workers in Malaysia, 321 Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS), 371, Ode to Indian Working Class, 392 385, 463 Offshore Location Attractiveness Parvasi Bhartiya Divas, 46 Index, 112 Pasar Baru Ogilvy & Mather, 130 Jakarta, 237 Ohmae, Kenichi, 132 Pasar Baru Sikh Gurudwara, 243 Okachi-machi, 262, 266 Patra, Benudhar, 564, 567 Olins, Wally, 130 Pearl River Delta, 199 Oman Pekalongan, 241 Indian migrants in, 21 Pematang Siantar, 231 Onam festival, 185 Penang, 14 One China policy, 661 People’s Action Party (PAP) opium trade vying for allegiance of Indians, 559 abolition of, 210 Persons of Indian Origin (PIO), 68, Oriental Club, 283 82, 502 Overseas Chinese Affairs, 4 Persian Gulf, new labour markets of, 21 Overseas Citizenship of India, 82, philanthropists 521, 524 Parsis in Hong Kong, 210 Philippine Chambers of Commerce P and Industries, 503 Pacific War, 270 Philippine Indian Seva Foundation, 506 Pact of Mutual Investment Promotion Philippine International Trading and Protection (PMIPP), 198 Corporation, 516 Pagan temples, 91 Philippines, 59, 60, 100 Pakistan Alien Control Officers, 527 war with India, 77 bilateral arrangements with India, Pal, Radha Binod, 147 517 Palani, 442 Bollywood on TV, 514 Pali, 90 Chinese mestizos, 538

36 Rising India Index.indd 710 8/28/08 12:37:07 PM Index 711

colonisation of, 500 Public Service Commission Department of Foreign Affairs, Committee to Attract Talent Foreign Service Circular on scheme, 620 New Guidelines to Facilitate Public Works Department, 180 the Entry of Indian Nationals Puchong, 436, 437 Hired by Philippine-Based Puerto Rico, 130 Companies, 519 Pundit Samin, 246, 247 India community, visa issues, 518 Pune and Asian Institute of Indian population, 55, 531 Management, 517 Native Resident Indians (NRI), Punjab 526 textile merchants, 52 mestizo families, 7 Punjabi Police and the Bureau of Gopi, 248 Immigration and Deportation, Punjabi, Chandru, 188 510 Punjabi, Jawahar, 239 Retail Trade Liberalization Act, 510 Punjabi Sikhs rise of Indian investments, 515–520 Kobe, 274 Spanish colonial government, 6 , Manila, 501, 502 Western Visayas see Western Visayas Puranas, 474 Philippines India Business FICC’s project, 504 Q Philippines National Steel Qatar Corporation, 516 Indian migrants in, 21 Phnom Penh, 88, 89 Pohumal Brothers, 501, 523, 531 R Police Watch, 387 racial riots, 441 political considerations, 77 Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 271 Political Guiding Principles for the Radha Soami Satsang, 245, 507 Settlement of the Boundary Raffles Question, 197 arrival in Singapore, 551 Pondichery, 54 East India Company, 563 Porter, Michael, 133 Rakhine Portugal, Goa, 54 tension with Rohingyas, 34 poverty Rajaratnam, Sinnathamby, 560 Malaysia, 335 Rajiv Charitable Trust, 183 reduction of, 109 Ram Punjabi, 239 , 388 Ramasamy, P., 452 Presidency College, 555 Ramesh, Jairam, 132, 203 Privy Council of Indonesia, 238 Ranbaxy Limited, 198, 202 Provisional Government of Free India, Rangoon, 52 58 Rao, Narashima, 74, 94 Provisional Revolutionary Government visit to China, 196 of South Vietnam, 289 Ravindran Drama Troupe, 641

36 Rising India Index.indd 711 8/28/08 12:37:07 PM 712 Index

Ravsons, 533 St. Andrew’s Cathedral, 22 real estate management, 270 Sabah, 52 recruiting agent Sabha, Rajya, 132 Burma, 33 Sai Baba, 245 Raymer, Steve, 635 Saigon Reliance Industries, 136 after communist victory, 289 Reliance Infocomm, 138 building of temples by Chettiars, religion, role of, 21 288 Republic of Korea, 301 salwar Kameez, 141 GDP per capita, 302 Samsung, 308 Gross National Income, 302 Sanskrit, 90, 500 Retail Trade Liberalization Act, 510 Sanskrit Studies Centre, 678 Reunion, 12, 13 Sanskritization migration to, 17 process of, 66 Riau Islands Santhiram, R., 402 influence of Indian kingdoms, 550 Sapru, Tej Bahadur, 92 rice, 30 Sarawak, 54 from Carolina, 30 sardar recruiter, 18 production cycle, 33 Sarkar, Tanika, 18 Rice Institute Saturday Lunch Group Vietnam, 292 Manila, 504 Rising India, 7–8, 28, 72, 255 Satya Sai Baba Centre, 311 global economy, in, 39 Satya Sai Baba Foundation, 245 impact on Indian communities, Satyam, 132, 201 296–97 Saudi Arabia, Indian migrants in, 21 impact on migrants and Philippines, Sectoral Dialogue Partnership, 95 539 security considerations, 77 Indians in CLMV countries, 287–97 Sedane River, 245 Rising India Conference, 283 Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh, 208 Ritu Beri, 141 SEI-Capability Maturity Models, 112 Rohingyas sepoys, 14 exodus from Burma, 34 Sekolah Gandhi Nasional, 239 Roll, Martin, 131 self help Rouse, Cecilia, 353 Malaysia, 422–35 Royal Brunei Airlines (RBA), 172 self-help movements, 429 rubber, 30 Semarang, 241 ruler-ruled relationship Seminar on e-Learning, 99 India-East Asia relations, 87 Sen, Amartya, 159 Rye, Ajit , 522 Sen Du, 195 Senivasan, Marimuthu, 229 S Seoul Sangam, 312 SAARC Preferential Trading service industry Arrangement (SAPTA), 113, 114 Singapore, 42

36 Rising India Index.indd 712 8/28/08 12:37:07 PM Index 713

service sectors Singapore, 14, 40–43, 100 rising growth, 110 Action Committee on Indian Shandong Province, 199 Education (ACIE), 561, 604, Shanghai, 49 617 Indian communities, 196 report, 604–605 Indian restaurants, 199 response to report, 605 Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 77 Annual Report of the Inland Shanghai India Business Association Revenue Department, 581 (SHIBA), 196 Approved International Trader Shankar, Sharada, 636 (AIT), 628 Shankar, Uday, 636 arts administration, 645 Shenzhen Daily Newspaper, 206 arrival of Raffles, 551 shipping and merchant services, 30 attract foreign talent, 620 Shiv Mandir attracting foreign talent, 619–34 Tanjong Priok, 244 banking facilities to NRIs and PIO, show salary, 223 628 Sihanouk (King), 293 Bergson-Samuelson formulation, 580 Sikh Bazar prints, Tokyo, 265 buildings built by Indian convicts, Sikh community, Tokyo, 263–66 22 Sikh population celebration of Hindu festivals, 631 Medan, 234 Comprehensive Economic Sikhism, 60 Cooperation Agreement Sikhs, 60, 64 (CECA), 628 Hong Kong, 211–12 Chettiars, 553 Manila, 501 construction workers, 42 Silpakorn University, 678 Deepavali, 66 Silay City, 531 Dependent’s pass, 625 Silk Road route, 305 distribution of aged population by Siljptjao, 91 , 593 Simalungan Bataks, 63 distribution of working persons by Sime Darby, 377 industry, 577 Simpang Renggam Rehabilitation domestic workers, 42 Centre, 393 double tax deductions, 41 Sind early Indian diaspora, cultural textile merchants, 52 legacy, 636 Sindhi Hindu, 283 economic partner with India, 40 Sindhi merchants, 55 economically active population, 574 Sindhi migration, 20 education, 585–94 Sindhi Women’s Club, 505 admission criteria, 589 Sindhis, 60, 64 educational attainment of selected education sector, 238 age groups, 594 Indonesia, 231 emigration of Indian professionals, Manila, 501 622

36 Rising India Index.indd 713 8/28/08 12:37:08 PM 714 Index

employment pass scheme, 625, 639 Indian migrants enrolment at different faculties, employment of, 43 590 profile of, 586 era of knowledge based economy, Indian music, 639–41 620 Indian Orchestra, 639 ethnic groups, differences narrowed, Indian population, 55 574 Indian performing arts scene, ethnic identity, 65 635–47 funding for the arts, 643–44 Indian professionals, 625–26 global gateway, as, 626 factors of attractions, 626–29 Government House, 22 Indian students enrolled in headquarters of Provisional universities, 579 Government Free India, 58 Indian Women’s Association, 631 Hindu Chinmaya Organization, inequalities, 580–85 631 labour, 573–80 hybrid performing arts, 641–42 , 630 immigration policy, 41, 584, 586 main ethnic populations, 569 impact of Indians, 549 manufacturing industry, 42 income distribution, 582 Mariamman Temple, 22 incomes, 573–80 marine services, 42 independence, 558–61 median incomes, 578 Indian arts institutions, 642–43 MENDAKI Indian Chamber of Commerce, self-help group for Malays, 616 553 migrants, 64 Indian classical dance, 636–39 Ministry of Manpower, 41 Indian community, 568–99 migration policies, 581 demographics, 570–73 Mustafa Centre, 630 development issues, 595–98 National Arts Council, 643, 644 developmental ethos, 597–598 National Music Competition, 643 diversity, 568–70 need for continuous monitoring, economic activity, 575 599 educational statistics, 606 new Indians, 629–32 effort at development, 598 non-resident Indians (NRI), 596 future plans, 632 occupation by Britain, 50 need for leadership, 595 occupational distribution, 576 population size, 572 Overseas Graduate Recruitment role, 595–97 Scheme, 620 Indian diaspora Pass regime, 41 performing arts, 646 People’s Action Party (PAP), 559 Indian expatriates percentage of students with at least enclaves, 630 5 ‘O’Level, 607 Indian fine arts Persons of Indian Origin, 596 audience, 644 pluralistic societies, 63

36 Rising India Index.indd 714 8/28/08 12:37:08 PM Index 715

population programmes for primary and highest qualification attained, secondary schools, 610 587 rationale for formation, 603–605 population by ethnic groups, 573 strategy, 607–15 population census (1871), 568 Singapore Indian Fine Arts Society public housing, 64 (SIFAS), 637 St. Andrew’s Cathedral, 22 Singaporean identity, 163 selected demographic and social Singh, Chota (Dr), 636 indicators, 571 Singh, Dinesh, 94 Serangoon Road, 630 Singh, Gill Mohindepaul, 218 service industries, 42 Singh, Gobind, 267 size of foreign labour, 42 Singh, Gulraj, 244, 250 social welfare of Indians, 583 Singh, K. Natwar, 314 and Cultural Singh, Mohinder, 251 Society, 598 Singh, Pritam, 250 Tamil theatre, 641 Singh, Manmohan, 75, 102, 135, temple festivals, 644 146 transient nature of Indian Fifth India-ASEAN Summit, 97 population, 596 visit to Japan, 147, 155 unemployment rates, 575 Singh, Mohan, 72 university enrolment, 590, 591 Singh, Mohinder, 181, 188, 243 university graduates by field of Sino-India relations, 196–97 study, 592 Sino-Indian border war (1962), 71 work permit holders, 42 Sipalay City, 533 -Neptune Orient sirdar Lines scholarships, 627 role of, 20 Singapore Free Press, 16 SISTIC, 645 Singapore Information Technology Sitaldas, Ram, 504 Federation (SITF), 42 slave trade, 13 Singapore Indian Development smuggling Association (SINDA), 595, 598, people, 222 602–18 Snackees, 533 bringing about attitudinal changes, social contract 608, 609 Malaysia, 384 concept of self-help, 603 software industry, development of, 7 early intervention programmes, 610 Sondhi affair, 236 enrolment in tuition programmes, South Africa, 4 609 historians, 13 impact, educational improvement, South Asia 606–607 definition of, 255 impact of tuition programmes, 611 South Asian Association for Regional mobilizing volunteers, 612 Cooperation (SAARC), 113 niche programming, 609, 610 South Asian culture in diaspora, 22

36 Rising India Index.indd 715 8/28/08 12:37:08 PM 716 Index

South Asian Muslims Straits Settlements Office, 5 mosque in Laos, 296 Strategic and Cooperative Partnership, studies of Muslim families, 19 103 South Asian diaspora, 20–23 Subrahmanyam, K., 564 South Asian workers Subramanyam Swami, 291 modern-day migrations, 21 Suez Canal, 31 South China Morning Post, 215, 222 Sultan Hassanah Bolkiah, 172 South Korea Sultan’s Birthday Celebrations broadband users, 313 Committee, 182 Long-term Cooperative Partnership Sun Yat-sen, 4 for Peace and Prosperity, 104 Sundar Raman, 248 see also Republic of Korea Suva, 83 South Korean Satellite (KITSAT-3), Suzuki, 258 310 Southeast Asia T colonization of, 50 TAFE College, 432 effect of India’s rise, 71–86 Seremban, 432 expansion of primary products, 30 Tagore, Rabrindranath, 147, 307 Indianization, 288 Tagore Society of Korea, 312 sports goods specialists, 60 Tahkus, 533 trade with, 3 Taipei Economic and Cultural Centre, Southern NatSteel (Xiamen), 139 653 Southern Steel Berhad, 138 Taiwan, 651–66 Soviet Union bilateral trade with India, 653 relations with India, 3 Democratic Progressive Party Spanish colonisation (DPP), 660 Philippines, 500 desire for industrial cooperation, Special Conference on Indonesia, 93 655–56 Special Economic Zones, 152, 155, economic security, 656, 657 199 future export to India, 654 , 77 investor, as, 6 role of plantation Tamils, 19 Neihu Science Park, 657 Sri Mariamman Temple, 61, 246, politcal attachement to investment, 676 660 Sri Ram, 245 political attachment to investment, Sri Sathya Sai Baba, 283 660 Sri Thandayuthapani Temple, 251 search for economic interactions, Empire, 549 653 State Bank of India, 198 Taiwan Solidarity Union, 660 stateless Indians, 68 Talreja, Max, 504 steamship subsidy, 51 Taman Lindungan Jaya, 440 Straits of Malacca, 549, 551 Taman Medan, 441 piracy, 79 Tamanthi hydel project, 96, 493

36 Rising India Index.indd 716 8/28/08 12:37:08 PM Index 717

Tamil Telegu migrants, 31 influencing Filipino alphabet, 500 Telegus, 64 Tamil Hindu Calendar, 246 Telemetry Tracking Section, 100 Tamil ideologies, 460 Tenasserim, 14 Tamil Immigration Fund, 36 Teo Chee Hean, 79 Tamil language terrorist threats preservation of, 67 combating, 85 similarity to Hangeul, 306 Texmaco Jaya Group, 239, 241 Tamil migrants rise of, 240 domination of labour flows, 31 Texmaco School, 239 Tamil Muslims textile merchants, 52, 60, 270 marriage to Malay Sumatran Thadayuthapani Temple, 291 women, 62 Thai Indian Internal Security Council, 677 chettiar moneylenders, 52 Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge, 677 Tamil schools Thai-India Cultural and Economic Malaysia, 65, 345 Cooperation Association, 677 Tamil theatre Thailand, 59, 60 Singapore, 641–42 adoption of Thai names, 7 Tamils, 63 Hindu festivals, 681 conversion to Christianity, 62 Indian population in, 54 Medan, in, 242 Indians in, 669–86 predominant community, 177 integration, 675–83 Tamu-Kalymo-Kalewa, 96 migration, 61 Tanah Melayu, 462, 465 Nepalese, 675 ideology of, 475 population, 670–72 Tanjong Priok, 243, 251 problems, 683, 684 Tanjung Balai, 231 significant groups, 672–75 tariff rates, India, 111 problems faced by Indians, 683–84 Tata, 132 Pujabis, 673 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), 201, retention of cultural identities, 61 213 Sindhis, 674 Tata Corporate, 136 Sri Mariamman Temple, 673 Tata Exports, 198 Tamils, 672, 673 Tata Information Technology Co Ltd, tourist arrivals, 671 199 Thammasat University, 677 Tata Motors, 118, 140 Thaipusam, 66, 246, 247 Tata Precision, 138 Thaipusam, 467–70 taxi drivers importance of, 469 Gulf States, 13 Thandayuthapani Temple, 246 TCS, 112 Thapan, Anita, 506, 508 Tebing Tinggi, 231 Thapar Institute of Technology, 517 Telegu Association of South Korea, 312 Tharoor, Shashi, 160, 162

36 Rising India Index.indd 717 8/28/08 12:37:09 PM 718 Index

Thatcher, Margaret, 10 U The Argumentative Indian, 159 UMNO General Assembly, 437 The Encyclopaedia of the Indian UN Security Council, 149 Diaspora, 163 UNDP Human Development Report The Hindu, 202 (2004), 417, 421 The Hindu Samaj, 677 unemployment The India Club, 270 Indians in Malaysia, 344 The Khalsa School, 239 UNESCO, 414–15 The Mahabharata, 195 UNESCO Convention against The Sindhi Directory Discrimination in Education, Jakarta, 234 412 The Sindhu House Unilever, 132 Jakarta, 238 United Arab Emirates, Indian migrants The Star, 442 in, 21 Theemithi, 66 United Kingdom, anti-Chinese Themithi, 246 opposition, 10 Tibet Autonomous Region, 197 United Malay National Organization Ticketcharge, 645 (UMNO), 355, 356, 463 tin, 30 annual meetings of, 353 Tokyo, 255–67 close relations with MIC, 362 economic profile of Indians, 259–60 Islamization move, 385 gathering places for Indians, 260–63 Malay agenda, 388 Indian residents, 262 role of, 358 influx of Indians, 258 structure of party, 361 Indian traders, 50 Security Council, trends among Indians, 266 Indonesia’s aspirations, 231 Tokyo Guru Nanak Darbar, 263, 264 United States Tominaga anti-Chinese bashing, 9 research on ethnic groups, 270 Chinese labour migration policy, 10 Torrent Group, 198 Democrats, 10 trans-regional relations, 78 IT consultants, 13 transnational Universal Declaration of Human definition, 267 Rights, 412 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation Universal Declaration of Linguistic (TAC), 95 Rights, 412 Trinidad, 12 Universal School South Asian culture in diaspora, 22 Indonesia, 239 Trisakti Group of Consultants, 248 University of Hong Kong, 210 Tsim Sha Tsui, 208 unskilled labourers Tsubakitani, 283 plight of, 86 tsunami, 153 unskilled workers see unskilled labour Turkish Consul Urdu speakers, 63, 179 Rangoon, 555 U.S. Air Force War College, 160

36 Rising India Index.indd 718 8/28/08 12:37:09 PM Index 719

U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 78 West India, 6 U.S. FDA-approved pharma plants, West Malaysia, 350 112 Western Visayas USF-HICOM (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, commerce and community relations, 140 536–38 USSR host region, 527 relations with India, 73 prospects, 541–42 Uthayakumar, P., 452 Indian communities, 525–46 Utusan Malaysia, 440 sources of data for research, 526–32 V Indian population, 532 Vaghul, Narayan, 133 magnates of migration, 531–33 Vajpayee (Prime Minister), 117, 150 migrant network, 530 Varma, Pavan, 162 migrants and marketing marks, Vaswani, Suresh, 238, 251 532 Vellu, Samy, 46, 360, 362, 406–407, migration to, 527–30 432, 444 mobile communications, 540 Verges, Francoise, 20 mobile market, 533–35 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited, 138 moneylending, 535, 536 Vientiane, 295 textile merchants, 530 Vietnam, 91 Western World, 3 Doi Moi, 291 Western-style education Indians, 289–93 Indian children in Kobe, 278 reunification of, 287 Willford, Andrew, 375 subject in schools, 291 Wipro, 112, 132, 136, 201 World Bank, 292 Workshop on Information Security, Vietnam War, 564 99 Vietnam-India Chamber of World Economic Forum (WEF), 134 Commerce, 297 women migrants, 36 Vietnam-India joint ventures, 292 Women’s Charter, 65 Vijayakumar, 190 work permit holders Singapore, 42 W World Bank, 27 Swamil Vivekanda, 147 world depression Wang Gungwu (Prof.), 11, 71, 157 effect of, 34 WAPCOS, 294 World Punjabi Organization (Thailand wartime politics Chapter), 677 Indian independence, 461 World Trade Organization (WTO), Wat Phu, 91 198 Webber, 448 , 553 Wen Jibao, 196 World War II visit to China, 202 labour migration, disruption to, 52 visit to India, 198 Wuxi Jingyang Metal Products, 139

36 Rising India Index.indd 719 8/28/08 12:37:09 PM 720 Index

X Yellow Peril, 9 Xi Yu, 195 , 137 Xiang Bao, 624 classes, 187 Yomiuri-Shinbun, 150 Y Younge, Gary, 476 Yangon youths Tamil migrants, 53 problems with, 347 Yangtze River Delta, 199 Yayasan Pendidikan Satya Sai Baba Z Indonesia, 245, 247, 248 Zai Asia Nikkei-Seizogyo no Keihiejittai, Yokohama, 266 156

36 Rising India Index.indd 720 8/28/08 12:37:09 PM

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