The Bolshevik Party in Conflict the Left Communist
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Colloquium Paper January 12, 1984 STALINISM VERSUS
Colloquium Paper January 12, 1984 STALINISM VERSUS BOLSHEVISM? A Reconsideration by Robert C. Tucker Princeton University with comment by Peter Reddaway London School of Economics and Political Science Fellows Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Draft paper not for publication or quotation without written permission from the authors. STALINISM VERSUS BOLSHEVISM? A Reconsideration Although not of ten openly debated~ the issue I propose to address is probably the deepest and most divisive in Soviet studies. There is good ground for Stephen Cohen's characterization of it as a "quintessential his torical and interpretive question"! because it transcends most of the others and has to do with the whole of Russia's historical development since the Bolshevik Revolution. He formulates it as the question of the relationship "between Bolshevism and Stalinism.'' Since the very existence of something properly called Stalinism is at issue here, I prefer a somewhat different mode of formulation. There are two (and curiously, only two) basically opposed positions on the course of development that Soviet Russia took starting around 1929 when Stalin, having ousted his opponents on the Left and the Right, achieved primacy, although not yet autocratic primacy, within the Soviet regime. The first position, Which may be seen as the orthodox one, sees that course of development as the fulfillment, under new conditions, of Lenin's Bolshevism. All the main actions taken by the Soviet regime under Stalin's leadership were, in other words, the fulfillment of what had been prefigured in Leninism (as Lenin's Bolshevism came to be called after Lenin died). -
(Боровских)\Maket 6 2017 История
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ www.volsu.ru DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2017.6.10 UDC 94(47).084.3 Submitted: 05.09.2017 LBC 63.3(2) Accepted: 26.09.2017 THE DON COSSACKS AT THE POLISH FRONT IN 1919 Andrey V. Venkov Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation Abstract. During the civil war in the Don region in early 1919, a considerable part of the Cossacks of the white Don army lost faith in the regime of General Krasnov and went home. But they found themselves on the territory affected by the policy of “decossackization”. When the white troops began the offensive again, the Bolsheviks decided to mobilize these Cossacks, before the whites would mobilize them. The mobilization was covered by the authority of F. K. Mironov, a very famous red Cossack, former Cossack officer, who commanded the Soviet Belarusian-Lithuanian army. More than 5 thousand people were mobilized. The part of mobilized Cossacks was sent to the Belarusian-Lithuanian army, where they created two Cossack regiments. However, F. K. Mironov got a new appointment by that time. The Cossacks remaining in the ranks of the Belarusian-Lithuanian army, were in unusual and difficult conditions. During the fighting they were in Jewish settlements. When the Poles began their offensive, the most efficient part of the mobilized Cossacks gathered in the 1st regiment, went over to the Polish side. The 2nd Cossack regiment was disarmed by the Soviet command and sent to Saransk available to F. K. Mironov. The Don corps, generated by F. -
'Left-Wing' Communism: an Infantile Disorder
Resistance Marxist Library ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder V. I. Lenin 2 ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder Acknowledgement: “The Communist Parties and Parliamentarism” © Pluto Press, London; reprinted by permission. Resistance Books 1999 ISBN 0909196 88 5 Published by Resistance Books, resistancebooks.com Contents Introduction by Doug Lorimer................................................................ 5 I. A popular exposition of Bolshevik strategy & tactics...................................... 5 II. The origin & development of Bolshevism...................................................... 6 III. Parliamentary democracy & the proletarian revolution................................. 8 IV. The German Revolution and the German communists............................... 10 V. Marxism & the working-class vanguard........................................................ 13 VI. Winning over the vanguard & winning over the masses.............................. 18 VII. Mass action & tactical compromises............................................................. 20 VIII. Mass action & the united-front tactic............................................................ 23 I. In What Sense We Can Speak of the International Significance of the Russian Revolution .........................27 II. An Essential Condition of the Bolsheviks’ Success ...... 30 III. The Principal Stages in the History of Bolshevism ....... 33 IV. The Struggle Against Which Enemies Within the Working-Class Movement Helped Bolshevism Develop, Gain -
Rus Sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920
Rus sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920 —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd i 8/19/11 8:37 PM JEWISH CULTURE AND CONTEXTS Published in association with the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania David B. Ruderman, Series Editor Advisory Board Richard I. Cohen Moshe Idel Alan Mintz Deborah Dash Moore Ada Rapoport- Albert Michael D. Swartz A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher. -1— 0— +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd ii 8/19/11 8:37 PM Rus sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920 Oleg Budnitskii Translated by Timothy J. Portice university of pennsylvania press philadelphia —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd iii 8/19/11 8:37 PM Originally published as Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi i belymi, 1917– 1920 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005) Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation. Copyright © 2012 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104- 4112 www .upenn .edu/ pennpress Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -1— Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data 0— ISBN 978- 0- 8122- 4364- 2 +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd iv 8/19/11 8:37 PM In memory of my father, Vitaly Danilovich Budnitskii (1930– 1990) —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd v 8/19/11 8:37 PM -1— 0— +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd vi 8/19/11 8:37 PM contents List of Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1. -
RAN in Southern Russian in 1918-20 Issue 3 April 2018
SEMAPHORE SEA POWER CENTRE - AUSTRALIA ISSUE 03, 2018 THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA 1918 - 1920 The guns on the Western front had fallen silent and the Black Sea. Yarra was later used to move a cargo of Armistice had been signed but in Eastern Europe there ammunition, petrol and two motor cycles to Sevastopol for was no peace. In Russia the civil war between the use by British personnel ashore. Imperial ‘White’ Government and the Bolshevik ‘Reds” Warrego arrived at Constantinople on 1 December 1918 was dragging on into its second year and soon the RAN and was also briefly attached to the British forces would also become involved. operating in the Black Sea. Huon entered the Dardanelles When the war ended there were seven Australian on the 3rd of December and arrived at Sevastopol on the warships serving in the Mediterranean. These were the 7th. Her ships company noted that German soldiers were destroyers HMA Ships Huon, Parramatta, Swan, Torrens, being employed to provide security in the area in case of Warrego and Yarra and the light cruiser HMAS Brisbane. Bolshevik attack. She sailed on 9 December and Additionally some RAN officers were attached to ships of proceeded east to the port of Theodesia (Fedoesia) where the Royal Navy serving in the region. she went alongside on the 10th as a show of force. Huon departed Theodesia the next day and returned to On 12 November 1918, the day after the Armistice was Sevastopol, on 12 December, where she took the signed; Parramatta, Torrens and Yarra steamed through captured German submarine UC 37 in tow and took her to the Dardanelles and began operations in the Sea of Constantinople. -
Places in Moscow That Have to Be Visited
Places in Moscow which have to be visited Оглавление SHOPPING CENTERS 3 GUM 3 TSUM 3 AVIAPARK 4 EVROPEISKY 4 AFIMALL CITY 4 MOSCOW PARKS. 5 GORKY CENTRAL PARK OF CULTURE AND LEISURE 5 TSARITSYNO MUSEUM-RESERVE 5 SOKOLNIKI PARK 6 MUZEON PARK OF ARTS 6 MUSEUMS 7 THE STATE DARWIN MUSEUM 7 THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM 9 THE BASEL’S CATHERDRAL 10 MUSEUM OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812 11 MUSEUM OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, MOSCOW 12 THE STATE TRETYAKOV GALLERY 12 THE TRETYAKOV GALLERY ON KRYMSKY VAL 13 PRIVATE PHOTOGRAPHING IN THE GALLERY 14 ENGINEERING BUILDING AT LAVRUSHINSKY LANE, 12 15 PUSHKINS STATE MESEUM OF FINE ARTS 16 THE MUSEUM OF COSMONAUTICS 17 TOUR GROUPS 17 TOLSTOY HOUSE MUSEUM MOSCOW 18 Shopping centers GUM (pronounced [ˈɡum], an abbreviation of Russian: Глáвный универсáльный магазин, tr. Glávnyj Universáĺnyj Magazín literally "main universal store") With the façade extending for 242 m. along the eastern side of Red Square, the Upper Trading Rows (GUM) were built between 1890 and 1893 by Alexander Pomerantsev (responsible for architecture) and Vladimir Shukhov (responsible for engineering). The trapezoidal building features a combination of elements of Russian medieval architecture and a steel framework and glass roof, a similar style to the great 19th-century railway stations of London. William Craft Brumfield described the GUM building as "a tribute both to Shukhov's design and to the technical proficiency of Russian architecture toward the end of the 19th century”. The glass-roofed design made the building unique at the time of construction. The roof, the diameter of which is 14 m., looks light, but it is a firm construction made of more than 50,000 metal pods (about 819 short tons (743 t), capable of supporting snowfall accumulation. -
Cossacks in the Service of the Third Reich
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces ISSN: 2544-7122 (print), 2545-0719 (online) 2020, Volume 52, Number 1(195), Pages 87-102 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0263 Original article Cossacks in the service of the Third Reich Adam Szymanowicz Faculty of Security Sciences, General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw, Poland, e-mail: adam.szymanowicz @awl.edu.pl INFORMATIONS ABSTRACT Article history: The origins of Cossacs probably date back to the 15th and 16th centuries. Cos- Submited: 21 October 2018 sacks appeared both in the south-eastern areas under the authority of the Accepted: 10 September 2019 Commonwealth and in the south-west of Moscow. They played a significant role in the history of our country, fighting together with the Crown and Lithu- Published: 16 March 2020 anian armies in the wars against the Tatars, Turks, Moscow and Sweden. How- ever, they also caused uprisings which seriously weakened the Commonwealth. In the 16th century, Cossack troops in the service of the rulers of Moscow were formed, used for conquests made by this country. Cossacks also suppressed uprisings and rebellions against tsarist authorities. During the civil war in Rus- sia, a significant part of them sympathized with the Whites. After the Bolshe- vik occupation of the Cossack territories, there was repression compared by Lenin to the Vendée genocide during the French Revolution. Persecution also took place there during the collectivization and the Great Terror. Many Cossacks emigrated. Some of them in Germany, where they later be- gan cooperation with the Nazis, especially after the Third Reich’s aggression against the USSR. -
Introduction 11. I Have Approached This Subject in Greater Detail in J. D
NOTES Introduction 11. I have approached this subject in greater detail in J. D. White, Karl Marx and the Intellectual Origins of Dialectical Materialism (Basingstoke and London, 1996). 12. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 38, p. 180. 13. K. Marx, Grundrisse, translated by M. Nicolaus (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 408. 14. N. I. Ziber, Teoriia tsennosti i kapitala D. Rikardo v sviazi s pozdneishimi dopolneniiami i raz"iasneniiami. Opyt kritiko-ekonomicheskogo issledovaniia (Kiev, 1871). 15. N. G. Chernyshevskii, ‘Dopolnenie i primechaniia na pervuiu knigu politicheskoi ekonomii Dzhon Stiuarta Millia’, Sochineniia N. Chernyshevskogo, Vol. 3 (Geneva, 1869); ‘Ocherki iz politicheskoi ekonomii (po Milliu)’, Sochineniia N. Chernyshevskogo, Vol. 4 (Geneva, 1870). Reprinted in N. G. Chernyshevskii, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy, Vol. IX (Moscow, 1949). 16. Arkhiv K. Marksa i F. Engel'sa, Vols XI–XVI. 17. M. M. Kovalevskii, Obshchinnoe zemlevladenie, prichiny, khod i posledstviia ego razlozheniia (Moscow, 1879). 18. Marx to the editorial board of Otechestvennye zapiski, November 1877, in Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works, Vol. 24, pp. 196–201. 19. Marx to Zasulich, 8 March 1881, in Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works, Vol. 24, pp. 346–73. 10. It was published in the journal Vestnik Narodnoi Voli, no. 5 (1886). 11. D. Riazanov, ‘V Zasulich i K. Marks’, Arkhiv K. Marksa i F. Engel'sa, Vol. 1 (1924), pp. 269–86. 12. N. F. Daniel'son, ‘Ocherki nashego poreformennogo obshch- estvennogo khoziaistva’, Slovo, no. 10 (October 1880), pp. 77–143. 13. N. F. Daniel'son, Ocherki nashego poreformennogo obshchestvennogo khozi- aistva (St Petersburg, 1893). 14. V. V. Vorontsov, Sud'by kapitalizma v Rossii (St Petersburg, 1882). -
Prime Residential Real Estate Market Moscow
The total transactions The supply volume cost exceeded shortened to 2,1 thousand 110 bln rubles apartments and flats PRIME RESIDENTIAL REAL knightfrank.com/research ESTATE MARKET MOSCOW 2020 PRIME RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE MARKET. MOSCOW Key findings Shift of the traditional leading Acceleration of price growth in the Khamovniki district from the leading context of supply volume shortage: 890 positions in the demand structure thousand rubles / sq. m (+10% in the rating. The district of Dorogomilovo Andrey Solovyev annual dynamics). became the most popular location Director of City Sale Department, Stable growth of share of supply with among the buyers. Knight Frank finishing was supported by increase The total transactions cost exceeded 110 of demand for units ready for living; bln rubles, having renewed the record more than 60% transactions were in rate of the previous year. this format. The historically record-high level of buying activity may be considered to be one of the key events at the elite housing market. Key indicators. Dynamics The growth of number of incoming calls/ requests for accommodation acquirement was recorded even during the severe Supply Deluxe Dynamics* Premium Dynamics* restrictive measures; however, during those ‘quarantine’ months only part of them was Total supply, pcs. 480 -38% 1,640 -11% converted to transactions. Several factors Average price, thousand became the main reasons for the records. 1,362 +18% 696 +15% rub./sq m First of all, square meters always remain a stable currency in the context of high volatility Average area, sq m 160 +6% 115 +3% of the financial markets, and many customers Average price, mln rub. -
Moscow Reserved and Allocated Names Registration Policy
Фонд содействия развитию технологий и инфраструктуры интернет Введено в действие: 01 декабря 2014 г. Версия документа: 1.0 .MOSCOW RESERVED AND ALLOCATED NAMES REGISTRATION POLICY This .MOSCOW Reserved and Allocated Names Registration Policy ("Policy") sets forth the terms, conditions, procedure and time frame for registration of reserved and allocated second-level domain names in the .MOSCOW top-level domain. Terms and definitions used in this Policy: Registration Key is a coded character set, which is an integral part of any registration application for a reserved domain name. Registration Key will be given to the User in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. If a registration application does not contain a Registration Key, a reserved domain name will not be registered. Reserved domain name (reserved domain) is a second-level domain name in the top-level domain .MOSCOW that is reserved in accordance with the .MOSCOW Reservation Policy published on the website of the Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development in the section "Documents" at: http://en.faitid.org/projects/moscow/documents. Allocated domain name (allocated domain) is a reserved domain whose Registration Key was given to the User in accordance with this Policy. An allocated domain remains a reserved domain until it becomes registered. Other terms used herein are defined in the Terms and Definitions Used for the Registration of Second-Level Domain Names in .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА published on the website of the Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development at the section "Policies" at: http://en.faitid.org/projects/moscow/documents. -
Class Struggles in USSR, First Period:1917-1923
$18.95 Class Struggles in the USSR: First Period 1917-1923 by Charles Bettelheim Translated by Brian Pearce Charles Bettelheim's new book is the first volume of what promises to be a work of enormous importance for the world revolution- ary socialist movement. Two further volumes, dealing respectively with the period 1924-1953 and the years since 1953, are to follow. The immediate point of departure for Class Struggles in the USSR was the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. Those who consider them- selves Marxists, Bettelheim argues, cannot be content to "condemn" or "regret" political acts: it is also necessary to explain them. In the case of the invasion of Czechoslovakia, Bettelheim deemed it all the more necessary not to limit himself to regrets, since what is at stake is nothing less than what the Soviet Union has become today. Perhaps the central theme of this work, recurring again and again, is the nature and pervasiveness throughout most of Soviet his- tory of the "rigidified Marxism" with which, in Bettelheim's view, "it is necessary to break if historical and dialectical materialism are to regain their true revolutionary character." In this connection he lays particular emphasis on erroneous notions regarding the founda- tions of class relations, the role of productive forces, and the withering away of the state. It is Bettelheim's thesis that in the case of Russia the revolutionary forces were too weak and too lacking in understanding based on Class struggles in the USSR 1 Class struggles in the USSR by Charles Bettelheim Translated by Brian Pearce First period: 1917–1923 Monthly Review Press New York and London From Marx to Mao M L Digital Reprints 2016 www.marx2mao.com Copyright © 1976 by Monthly Review Press All rights reserved Originally published as Les luttes de classes en URSS, copyright © 1974 by Maspero/Seuil, Paris France. -
The Origins of Bogdanov's Vision of Proletarian Culture
The Cultural Hegemony of the Proletariat: The Origins of Bogdanov’s Vision of Proletarian Culture Jutta Scherrer Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales Paris The great debates of the early twenties on Proletkul’t (proietarskaia kul’tura) as an autonomous mass organization and on proletarian culture as a ’pure’ product of workers in the most advanced sectors of industry, debates in which Lenin intervened with all the authority of the one res- ponsible for the ’construction of socialism’, are relatively well known. Both Soviet literature and western historiography have made important con- .tributions to this subject in recent years. Much less is known however about the historical origins of the concept and, let it be said, about the vision of a proletarian culture. The first organization of Proletkul’t saw the light of day on the eve of the October Revolution; but the underlying idea of what in a few years was to become a mass movement, with as many members as the Communist Party in 1920-1921, traced its origins to the previous century. It was in the eighties of the nineteenth century, well before the establishment of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDWP), that some young members of the intelligentsia made their debut as militant socialists by teaching the basic tenets of Marxism in workers’ study circles. They thus anticipated by a few years Lenin’s dictum that ’political class consciousness can be brought to the workers only from the outside’, that is to say, by the ’revolutionary vanguard’, the intelligentsia. In fact they were to embrace with enthusiasm the text in which he expounded, in 1902, the fundamentals of Bolshevism: What is to be Done? These were the group formed around Aleksandr’ Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (1873-1928) and Anatolii Vasil’evich Lunacharskii (1875-1933), to be joined by the economists V.A.