Introduction 11. I Have Approached This Subject in Greater Detail in J. D
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NOTES Introduction 11. I have approached this subject in greater detail in J. D. White, Karl Marx and the Intellectual Origins of Dialectical Materialism (Basingstoke and London, 1996). 12. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 38, p. 180. 13. K. Marx, Grundrisse, translated by M. Nicolaus (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 408. 14. N. I. Ziber, Teoriia tsennosti i kapitala D. Rikardo v sviazi s pozdneishimi dopolneniiami i raz"iasneniiami. Opyt kritiko-ekonomicheskogo issledovaniia (Kiev, 1871). 15. N. G. Chernyshevskii, ‘Dopolnenie i primechaniia na pervuiu knigu politicheskoi ekonomii Dzhon Stiuarta Millia’, Sochineniia N. Chernyshevskogo, Vol. 3 (Geneva, 1869); ‘Ocherki iz politicheskoi ekonomii (po Milliu)’, Sochineniia N. Chernyshevskogo, Vol. 4 (Geneva, 1870). Reprinted in N. G. Chernyshevskii, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy, Vol. IX (Moscow, 1949). 16. Arkhiv K. Marksa i F. Engel'sa, Vols XI–XVI. 17. M. M. Kovalevskii, Obshchinnoe zemlevladenie, prichiny, khod i posledstviia ego razlozheniia (Moscow, 1879). 18. Marx to the editorial board of Otechestvennye zapiski, November 1877, in Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works, Vol. 24, pp. 196–201. 19. Marx to Zasulich, 8 March 1881, in Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works, Vol. 24, pp. 346–73. 10. It was published in the journal Vestnik Narodnoi Voli, no. 5 (1886). 11. D. Riazanov, ‘V Zasulich i K. Marks’, Arkhiv K. Marksa i F. Engel'sa, Vol. 1 (1924), pp. 269–86. 12. N. F. Daniel'son, ‘Ocherki nashego poreformennogo obshch- estvennogo khoziaistva’, Slovo, no. 10 (October 1880), pp. 77–143. 13. N. F. Daniel'son, Ocherki nashego poreformennogo obshchestvennogo khozi- aistva (St Petersburg, 1893). 14. V. V. Vorontsov, Sud'by kapitalizma v Rossii (St Petersburg, 1882). 15. Institut marksizma–leninizma pri TsK KPSS, Russkie knigi v bibliotekakh K. Marksa i F. Engel'sa (Moscow, 1979), p. 42. 16. Stepniak, The Russian Storm-Cloud (London, 1886), p. 154. 17. G. V. Plekhanov, Sotsializm i politicheskaia bor'ba (Geneva, 1883). 203 204 Notes 18. L. Tikhomirov, ‘Chto nam zhdat' ot revoliutsii?’, Vestnik Narodnoi Voli, no. 2 (1884). 19. G. V. Plekhanov, Nashi raznoglasiia (Geneva, 1885). 20. G. V. Plekhanov, Selected Philosophical Works, Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1961), p. 73. 21. N. K. Mikhailovskii, Sochineniia, Vol. 7 (St Petersburg, 1909), p. 731. 22. Ibid., p. 683. 23. G. V. Plekhanov, K voprosu o razvitii monisticheskogo vzgliada na istoriiu. Otvet gg. Mikhailovskomu, Kareevu i komp (St Petersburg, 1895). For com- mercial considerations the date on the title page was given as 1895 and not as 1894. 24. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 1, pp. 133–332. 1 The Making of a Revolutionary 11. A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Vospominaniia ob Aleksandre Il'iche Ul'ianove’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., edited by A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova (Moscow and Leningrad, 1927), p. 36. 12. M. G. Shtein, Ulianovy i Leniny: Tainy rodoslovnoi i psevdonima (St Petersburg, 1997), pp. 144–8. 13. Shtein, Ulianovy i Leniny, p. 149. 14. A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Kratkaia biografiia Il'i Nikolaevicha Ul'ian- ova’, in I. N. Ul'ianov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Moscow, 1989), p. 47. 15. Z. Trofimov, Otets Il'icha (Saratov, 1981), pp. 9–14; Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Kratkaia biografiia Il'i Nikolaevicha Ul'ianova’, p. 47. 16. Shtein, Ulianovy i Leniny, pp. 40–2. 17. Ibid., pp. 43–6. 18. Ibid., p. 87. 19. V. Arnol’d, Sem'ia Ul'ianovykh v Samare (Kuibyshev, 1979), pp. 7–8. 10. Shtein, Ulianovy i Leniny, pp. 80–1. 11. Ibid., p. 84. 12. Ibid., p. 89. 13. Ibid., pp. 92–111. 14. Trofimov, Otets Il'icha, pp. 18–50. 15. Ibid., p. 38. 16. Ibid., pp. 101–3; Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Vospominaniia ob Aleksandre Il'iche Ul'ianove’, p. 55. 17. Trofimov, Otets Il'icha, pp. 111–13. 18. The Unknown Lenin from the secret archive, edited by R. Pipes and D. Brandenberger, translated by C. A. Fitzpatrick (New Haven, Conn., 1996), p. 119. 19. Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Vospominaniia ob Aleksandre Il'iche Ul'ianove’, pp. 63–84. 20. Ibid., p. 79; Semen Khlebnikov, ‘Vospominaniia ob A. I. Ul'ianove 1886–87’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., p. 262. Notes 205 21. J. D. White, ‘ “No, we won’t go that way; that is not the way to take”: The Place of Aleksandr Ul'ianov in the Development of Social- Democracy in Russia’, Revolutionary Russia, Vol. 11, no. 2 (December 1998), pp. 86–9. 22. B. Lelewel, ‘Przyczynek do dziejo´w udziauu polako´w w rosyjskim ruchu rewolucyjnym (1886–1890)’, Niepodleglos´c´, no. 10 (1934), p. 140. 23. M. Brusnev, ‘Vozniknovenie pervykh sotsial-demokraticheskikh orga- nizatsii’, Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, no. 2 (14) (1923), p. 17. 24. L. Aksel'rod-Ortodoks, ‘Iz moikh vospominanii’, Katorga i ssylka, no. 63 (1930), p. 33. 25. Ibid., p. 27. 26. Ibid., p. 33. 27. I. N. Chebotarev, ‘Vospominaniia ob Aleksandre Il'iche Ul'ianove i peterburgskom studenchestve 1883–87 gg’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., p. 241. 28. V. V. Bartenev, ‘Vospominaniia peterburzhtsa o vtoroi polovine 80-kh gg. Vyderzhki’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., pp. 22–3. 29. ‘Programma terroristicheskoi fraktsii partii "Narodnaia Volia" ’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., p. 377. 30. A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Vospominaniia ob Aleksandre Il'iche Ul'ianove’, p. 106. 31. S. A. Nikonov, ‘Zhizn' studenchestva i revoliutsionnaia rabota kontsa 80-kh godov’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., pp. 150–1. 32. I. D. Lukashevich, ‘Vospominaniia o dele 1 marta 1887 goda’, Byloe, no. 2 (24) (1917), p. 121. 33. Bartenev, ‘Vospominaniia peterburzhtsa o vtoroi polovine 80-kh gg. Vyderzhki’, p. 27; Lukashevich, ‘Vospominaniia o dele 1 marta 1887 goda’, p. 129. 34. Bartenev, ‘Vospominaniia peterburzhtsa o vtoroi polovine 80-kh gg. Vyderzhki’, p. 29; Lelewel, ‘Przyczynek do dziejo´w udziauu polako´w w rosyjskim ruchu rewolucyjnym (1886–1890)’, pp. 138–9. 35. E. Sponti, ‘Kratkaia avtobiografiia’, in Na zare rabochego dvizheniia v Moskve (Moscow, 1932), p. 97. 36. Z. Lukawski, Polacy w rosyjskim ruchu socjaldemokratycznym w latach 1883–1893 (Cracow, 1970), pp. 68–9. 37. K. Zalewski, ‘Isz socializmo istorijos Lietuvoje’, Socialdemokratas, no. 6/8 (1916), pp. 45–8. 38. Ibid., p. 46; Aksel'rod-Ortodoks, ‘Iz moikh vospominanii’, p. 37. 39. N. Michta and Jan Sobczak, ‘Stanislaw Trusiewicz (Kazimierz Zalewski)’, Z pola walki, no. 1 (69) (1975), pp. 111–14; Walentyna Najdus, SDKPiL a SDPRR 1893–1907 (Wroclaw, 1973), pp. 73–7. 40. Iu. Martov, Zapiski sotsial-demokrata (Berlin, 1922), p. 233. 41. L. Trotsky, The Young Lenin, translated by Max Eastman (Harmondsworth, 1974), p. 138. 206 Notes 42. V. V. Kashkadamova, ‘Vospominaniia’, in Aleksandr Il'ich Ul'ianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g., p. 274. 43. V. Alekseev and A. Shver, Sem'ia Ul'ianovykh v Simbirske (1869–1887), edited by A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova (Moscow and Leningrad, 1925), p. 64. 44. Molodye gody V.I. Lenina po vospominaniiam sovremennikov i dokumentam (Moscow, 1958), p. 236. 45. Ibid., pp. 249–52. 46. G. E. Khait, ‘V kazanskom kruzhke’, Novyi mir, no. 4 (1958), pp. 189–93 (pp. 189–91). 47. Molodye gody V.I. Lenina, p. 266. 48. N. Valentinov, Encounters with Lenin, translated by Paul Rosta and Brian Pearce (London, 1968), p. 66. 49. Lenin–Krupskaia–Ulianovy perepiska (1883–1900), edited by Iu. A. Akhapkin and K. F. Bogdanova (Moscow, 1981), pp. 46–52; Sem'ia Ul'ianovykh (Moscow, 1982), p. 284; Brusnev, ‘Vozniknovenie pervykh sotsial-demokraticheskikh organizatsii’, p. 23. 50. Molodye gody V.I. Lenina, p. 310. 51. Institut marksizma-leninizma pri TsK KPSS, Vladimir Il'ich Lenin: Biograficheskaia khronika 1870–1924, 1, 1870–1905 (Moscow, 1970), p. 63. 52. Molodye gody V.I. Lenina, pp. 342–6. 53. N. K. Mikhailovskii, Polnie sobranie sochinenii, Vol. 7 (St Petersburg, 1909), pp. 727–33. 54. D. I. Ul'ianov, ‘V Alakaevke’, in Vospominaniia o Vladimire Il'iche Lenine, Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1968), p. 102. 55. N. Fedoseev, Stat'i i pis'ma (Moscow, 1958), p. 174. 56. A. I. Ul'ianova-Elizarova, ‘Vospominaniia ob Il'iche’, in Vospominaniia o Vladimire Il'iche Lenine, Vol. 1 (Moscow, 1968), p. 38; G. M. Krzhizhanovskii, ‘Myslitel' i revoliutsioner’, in Vospominaniia o Vladimire Il'iche Lenine, Vol. 4 (Moscow, 1969), p. 14; R. Pipes, Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885–1897 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), pp. 44–5. 57. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 1, pp. 79–125. 58. Lenin, CW 1, pp. 139–59. 59. Lenin, CW 1, p. 192. 60. K. Marx, Capital, Vol. 1, translated by B. Fowkes (Harmondsworth, 1979), p. 91. 61. P. Struve, Kriticheskie zametki ob ekonomicheskom razvitii Rossii (St Petersburg, 1894), p. 44. 62. Ibid., p. 46. 63. ‘Doklad po delu o voznikshikh v Sankt Peterburge v 1894 i 1895 gg. prestupnykh kruzhkakh lits imenuiushchikh sebia sotsial- demokratami’, in N. Lenin, Sobranie sochinenii, 1, Pervye shagi rabochego dvizheniia 1893–1900, 1st edn, edited by L. B. Kamenev (Moscow, n.d.), pp. 520–1. 64. Sponti, ‘Kratkaia avtobiografiia’, p. 99. Notes 207 65. Institut marksizma–leninizma pri TsK KPSS, Biograficheskaia khronika 1, pp. 100–5. 66. ‘Doklad po delu’, p. 578. 67. Ivan Vasil'evich Babushkin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1951), pp. 80–4. 2 A Party of a New Type · · 11. A. Ozóg, Zycie trudne i szczet´liwe.s O Nadiezdie Krupskiej (Warsaw, 1971), pp. 89–96. 12. Institut marksizma–leninizma pri TsK KPSS, Vladimir Il'ich Lenin: Bio- graficheskaia khronika 1870–1924, 1, 1870–1905 (Moscow, 1970), p. 115. 13. V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 3, p. 25. 14. M.