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The Driftnet Fishery in the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno Area Off Southeast Florida

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The Driftnet Fishery in the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno Area Off Southeast Florida The Driftnet Fishery in the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno Area off Southeast Florida H. CHARLES SCHAEFER, LYMAN E. BARGER, and HERMAN E. KUMPF mackerel fishery, observations on the method of commercial fishing for king Introduction driftnet fishery were made by the Na­ mackerel in the study area has been A commercial driftnet fishery for tional Marine Fisheries Service handline (trolling), which dates back king mackerel, Scomberomorus ca­ (NMFS) from May through September to at least the tum of the century (Aus­ valla, in the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno 1987. tin et al., 1978). The use of run-around area off the east coast of Florida ex­ Trips were made during the 5 days gillnets spread to the Florida Keys in panded from 1985 through 1987. The before and after the new moon of each the early 1970's and was later adapted use of driftnets (gillnets that are not month. Every boat captain that was to the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno area in anchored) in the king mackerel fishery contacted agreed to carry an observer, the late 1970's. Boats using this gear has concerned traditional handline and during the course of the study, had average landings of 8,000-10,000 trollers, as well as recreational and trips were made at least once aboard pounds per successful trip with catches conservation groups. To gain a better each of the boats that fished driftnets as high as 30,000-35,000 pounds understanding of this fishery and to full time in the area. Thirty-eight ob­ (Austin et aI., 1978). Several purse­ provide the South Atlantic and Gulf of server trips were made. These repre­ seine boats fished for king mackerel Mexico Fishery Management Councils sented 5.2 percent of the total recorded and Spanish mackerel, S. maculatus, with information to manage the king trips (731) made by driftnetters in from 1983 to 1986 in the study area. 1987. In addition to observations at The highest catch of king mackerel at sea, dock interviews were conducted; that time was 56,650 pounds (Fable information collected during dock and Nakamura, 1986). interviews was consistent with that Both purse seines and run-around ABSTRACT-From May through Sep­ tember 1987, observations were made on collected by shi pboard observers. gillnets are only feasible when fish are 38 trips in the driftnet fishery off the Fort There was no indication that observed tightly schooled, which normally hap­ Pierce-Port Salerno area off southeast trips fished in different areas or in a pens only in January, February, and Florida. Of the number and weight offish different manner than unobserved March in the study area. Environ­ landed on observed trips, 91.6 percent consisted of king mackerel, Scombero­ trips. Cooperation of fishermen with mental conditions may prolong this morus cavalla, the targeted species. Over observers was excellent throughout the condition into April, as was the case in 33 species offishes were observed among study. 1988, when successful purse seine and the discarded by-catch. The most fre­ run-around gillnet sets were made. quently occurring species in the discards Description of the Fishery While the use of king mackerel was little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, driftnets by a few small boats can be which made up 67.0 percent by number of History the discarded by-catch. Total landings for traced back to at least the early 1960's all commercial gear from Saint Lucie and The use of power-assisted encircling on a very limited and seasonal basis in Martin counties (the counties of the study (run-around) gillnets and spotter the study area, their use by larger area) increased 516, 741 pounds from 1986 to 1987. In 1986, 55 percent of the catch planes for king mackerel started in the power-assisted gillnet boats (hi­ was from handline and 45 percent from Naples, Florida area around 1963 rollers) did not start until the early driftnet landings. In 1987. 78 percent was (Beaumariage, 1973). The traditional 1980's. Nets used in 1980-81 were from driftnet and 22 percent from handline made of lighter webbing (#6) and landings. A comparison of lengths from were not as deep (120 meshes) as those recreational and commercial landings H. Charles Schaefer is with the Economics and showed recreationally caughtfish to be, on Statistics Office, Southeast Fisheries Center, used at present. Only a few boats were the average, smaller. No marine mam­ National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, involved and landings were inconsis­ mals. birds, or turtles were entangled in 19100 S.E. Federal Hwy., Tequesta. FL 33469. tent. At least one of the nets used then the net on observed trips. Data on cost of Lyman E. Barger and Herman E. Kumpf are with the Panama City Laboratory. Southeast was 3,000 yards long. Fishermen re­ nets. fuel, and supplies plus the distribu­ Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Ser­ ported a few good trips, up to 7,700 tion of earnings among the crew were ob­ vice, NOAA, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, tainedfor five driftnet boats. Panama City, FL 32408. pounds on one occasion, but had con- 44 Marine Fisheries Review Table 1.-King mackerel driftnet boats that fished during the 1987 season off the Fort Pierce-Port Salerno area of Florida showing length of boat (feet), length of nets (yards) at start and at end 01 the season, participation, pounds 01 king mackerel (KM) landed, number 01 trips, and home port. Ne! length Boa! When KM No. Boat length Start End fished catch trips Home port A 40 2,800 4,500 Apr.-Sept. 124.449 80 Port Salerno B 50 4,000 5,500 Apr.-Sept. 121,064 68 Fort Pierce C 48 2,800 4,500 Apr.-Sept. 118,029 85 Port Salerno 0 50 2,700 3.700 Apr.-Sept. 98.108 77 Fort Salerno E 48 3,000 3.000 Apr.-Sept. 79,783 77 Fort Pierce F 46 2,700 3,000 Apr.-Sept. 79,231 83 Fort Pierce G 34 2,300 3,000 Apr.-Sept. 47,628 79 Port Salerno H 47 2,400 2,800 June-Sept. 43,441 64 Fort Pierce I 48 Unknown Apr.-Sept. 32,024 39 Fort Pierce • J 30 2,000 2,000 Aug.-Sept. 6,899 18 Fort Pierce K 37 1,500 1,500 JUly-Aug. 6,831 20 Port Salerno " L 50 Unknown Sept. 10,249 25 Fort Pierce " M 32 1,000 1,000 May-Sept. 3,330 16 Port Saierno - Fort Pierce'., "••• " .. ,.. Totals 771,066 731 SAINT LUCIE :~'-' COUNTY '. _,; AGi"SOUTHEAST&. tinual mending problems, which they blamed on sharks passing through the net. • From 1980 to 1984 king mackerel • driftnet effort did not increase sub­ MARTIN ." COUNTY stantially. The number of boats, the number of trips, and total landings per year were lower than in the last several years. In the summer of 1985, a renewed interest in driftnetting by a few Port Salerno gillnet boats occurred. Land­ ings remained inconsistent, but fish­ ernlen became more proficient in using Figure I.-The fishing grounds in the Fort Pierce (Saint the gear. They fished heavily around Lucie County)-Port Salerno (Martin County) area of south­ the new moon, when the nights were east Florida. A = southeast grounds and B = unnamed grounds to the northeast of Fort Pierce. the darkest. They also learned to stay away from areas where sharks were concentrated and the water was too deep for effective fishing. direct relationship between length of Fort Pierce Inlet (B, Fig. I). Boats In 1986 the number of driftnet boats net and catch. must set their nets 3 miles offshore in increased to seven. Fishermen were Net length, labor, and boat space the Exclusive Economic Zone, since using new and stronger nets, which are the main limiting factors to the driftnetting for king mackerel is pro­ they dipped in black net coating that amount of net that can be feasibly set hibited in Florida waters_ Driftnet sets helped to strengthen the net, as well as by one boat. At least one boat, on are usually made in 45-65 feet of water decrease visibility to fish. The average occasion, has reportedly set as much over sand bottoms with no noticeable length of net was 2,500-3,000 yards. as 7,000 yards of net. This fishery has obstructions to hang up the net. Fisher­ Boats fished on a regular basis from yet to draw any boats from outside the men avoid fishing directly offshore of April through September. Catch rates study area. inlets because of higher boat traffic, improved and fishermen reported less and because these areas often have Fishing Area problems with sharks, possibly due to high concentrations of sharks. a developing shark fishery in the same During the 1987 season, the Port Vessels area. Salerno boats fished in the Southeast In 1987 the number of king mack­ Grounds (A, Fig. I), centered between In 1987, the period covered by this erel driftnet boats increased to 13, Saint Lucie and Fort Pierce Inlets off report, 13 vessels were engaged in the eight of which fished full time (Table Jensen Beach. The Fort Pierce boats driftnet fishery in the Fort Pierce-Port I). The average length of net increased fished this same area, as well as the Salerno area_ This number includes to ~3,000 yards. Fishermen realized a unnamed grounds to the northeast of five boats that did not fish full time for 51(1), 1989 45 hazard to the net. All king mackerel driftnetting takes place at night. The amount of moon­ light is considered to have a direct ef­ fect on catch rates.
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