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CONGRESSIONAL
; PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES QF THE FIUY-THIRD CONGRESS.
SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE. - ' SEN.ATE. ADDRESS OF THE VICE-ERESIDENT. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Senators, 'tleeply impressed with a S.A.TURlY.A.Y, Ma.rch 4, 1893. sense of its responsibilities and of its dignities, I now enter upon Hon. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Vice-President _of the United the discharge of the duties of the high office to wJ:lich I have States, having taken the oath of office at the close of the last been called. regular session of the Fifty-second Congress, took the Qhair. I am not unmindful of the fact that among the occupants of this chair during the one hundred and four years of our consti PRAYER. tutional history have been statesmen eminent alike for their tal Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D., Chaplain to the Senate, offered the ents and for their tireless devotion to public duty. Adams, Jef following prayer: ferson, and Calhoun honored its incumbency during the early 0 Thou, with whom is no variableness or shadow of turning, days of the Republic, while Arthur, Hendricks, and Morton the unchangeable God, whose throne stands forever, and whose have at a later period of our history shed lust.er upon the office dominion ruleth over all; we seek a Father's blessing as we wait of President of the most august deliberatiVe assembly known to at the mercy seat. We bring to Thee our heart homage, God of men. our fathers, thanking Thee fqr our rich heritage of faith and of I assums the duties of the great trust confided to me with no freedom, hallowed bv the toils and tears, the valor and blood feeling of self-confidence, but rather with that of grave distrust and prayers, of our patriotdead. We come with an abiding faith of my ability satisfactorily to meet its requirements. I may be in God, who has led us all through our history,and pray that the pardoned for saying that it shall be my earnest endeavor to dis blessings we so abundantly enjoy may abide upon the family of charge the important duties which lie before me with no less of nations so honorably represented here to-day. Grant that this impa~' tiality and courtesy than of firmness and fidelity. Ear stream of mercy may flow throughout the world, and that all the nestly invoking the cooperation, the forbearance, the charity o! people may have the freedom wherewith Christ makes free. each of its members, I now enter upon my duties as Presiding We look unto Thee for Thy guidance and blessing as we come Officer of the Senate. to these solemnities, and pray that Thy peace may abide upon The Secretary of the Senate will read the proclamation of the Thy servants the President and his Cabinet, upon the President President of the United States convening the Senate in extraor of the Senate, and these Thy servants who to-day lay aside the dinary session. perplexing responsibilities of public office, honored of men and PROCLAMATION. blessed of God. - We commend to Thine especial favor Thy servant, the Presi The Secretary (Mr. ANSON G. McCooK) read the following dent-elect, called for the second time to these high and honor proclamation: able and responsible trusts. 0 God, shield him by Thy power By the President of the United States of Ame1•ica: and let Thy banner over his home, in whlch Thou hast opened Whereas public interest require th<1t the Senate should be convened at 12 a wellspring of joy, ever be love. Gird him with Thy might. o'clock on the 4th day of March next t.o receive such communications as may be made by the Executive: Guide him by Thy counsel. Control his judgment. Make him Now, therefore, I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States, do strong in purpose, and so do Thou direct his Administration hereby proclaim and declare that an extraordinary occasion requires the with those associated with him in official relation\! that the Senate of the United States to convene at the Capitol, in the city of Wash ington, on the 4th day of March next, at 12 o'clocknoon, of which all persons blessing of God may continue more and more upon our Republic, who shall at that time be entitled to act as m :~ mbers of that body are hereby which has ever been prospered of Heaven. required to take notice. Bless, we pray Thee, our Vice-President, the President of the Givan under my hand and the seal of the United States at Washington this 25th day of February, in the year of our Lord 18V3, and of the Independence Senate, and those who'to-day assume for the fir3t time these re of the United States of America the one hundred and seventeenth. sponsibilities. So guide by Thy divine counsel, our Father, that BENJ. HARRISON. in the future, as in the past, the unseen hand may lead us. Bless By the President: WILLIAM It'. WHARTON, all the people of this great nation in their industries, in their Acting Secretary of State. homes, in their churches, in their schools, prospering every right endeavor, delivering us fl·om lawlesaness and vice, and bringing SWEARING IN OF SENATORS. in the reign of peace and righteousness more and more, and The VICE-PRESIDENT. The names of the newly elected among the nations of the world. Senators whose credentials are on file will now be called by the Guide us in the path of duty. Purify our hearts, we pray Thee, Secretary, and they will come forward and receive the oath o! by the indwelling of Thy Spirit. 0 Lord, pardon what we have office four at a time. been. Sanctify what we are. Order what we shall be. And The Secretary r ead the names of- Thine shall be the glory and ours the eternal salvation, through Nelson W. Aldrich, of the State of Rhode Island. Jesus Christ our Lord, who hath taught us when we pray to say: William V. Allen, of the State of Nebraska. "Our Father Who art inheaven,hallowedbeThyname. Thy William B. Bate, of the State of Tenne see. kingdom come. Thy will be done upou earth. as it is in heaven. Francis M. Cockran, of the State of Missouri. Give us this day our daily bread. Forgive us our trespasses as As their names were called the respective S:ma.tors-electcame we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into forward,and the oath prescribed by law was administered to them. temptation, but deliver us from evil. For Thine is the kingdom, The Secretary called the names of and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen." John W. Daniel, of the State of Virginia. 2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. _M.AROH 4, / Cushman' K. Davis, of the State of Minnesota. Indiana-David Turpie and Daniel W. Voorhees. Charles J. Faulkner. of the State of West Virginia. Iowa--William B. Allison and James F. Wilson. James Z. George, of the State of Mississippi.' Kansas-John Martin and William A. Peffer. As their names were called the respective Senators-elect came Kentuck-y-Joseph C. S. Blackburn and William Lindsay. forward, and the oath prescribed by law was administered to them. Louisiana-Donelson Caffery and Edward D. White. The Secretary called the names of- Maine-William P. Frye and Eugene Hale. Arthur P. Gorm..an, of the State of Maryland. Ma1-ylancl--Charles H. Gibson and Arthur P. Gorman. George Gray, of the State of Delaware. Massach-usetts-George F. Hoar and Henry Cabot Lodge. Eugene Hale, of the State of Maine. Michigan-James McMillan and Francis B. Stockbridge. Joseph R. Hawley, of the State of Connecticut. Minnesota--Cushman K. Davis and William D. Washburn. As their names were called the respective Senators-elect came Mississippi-James Z. George. forward, and the oath prescribed by law was administered to them. ..Missouri-Francis l\L Cqckrell and George G. Vest. The Secretary called the names of- Montana-Thomas C. Power. Henry Cabot Lodge, of the State of Massachusetts. 1Yebra.ska-William V. Allen and Charles F . Manderson. Roger Q. Mills, of the State of Texas. Nevada-John P. Jones and William M. {:;tewart. John L. Mitchell, of the State of Wisconsin. New Hampshi1·e-William E. Chandler and Jacob H. Gallinger. Edward Murphy, jr.,.·of the State of New York. New Jeney-John R. McPherson and James Smith, jr. As their names were called the respective Senators-elect came New Yo1·k-David B. Hill and Edward Murphy, jr. forward, and the oath prescribed bylaw was administered to them. North Carolina-Matt W. Ransom and Zebulon B. Vance. The Secretary called the names of- J~torth Dakota-William N. Roach and Henry C. Hansbrough. Samuel Pasco, of the State of Florida. Ohio--Calvin S. Brice and John Sherman. · Redfield Proctor, of the State oi Vermont. 01·egon-John H. Mitchell. MatthewS. Quay, of the State of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania-James Donald Cameron. William N. Roa.ch, of the State of North Dakota. Rlwdelsland-Nelson W. Aldrich and Nathan F. Dixon. · As their names were called t be respective Senators-elect (with SouthOa1·olina-M. C. Butler and J. L. M. Irby. the exception of Mr. Quay, who was absent) came forward, and SouthDakota-James H. Kyle and R. F. Pettigrew. the oath prescribed by law was administered to them: 7ennessee-William B. Bate and Isham G. Harris. The Secretary called the names of- Texas-Richard Coke and Roger Q. Mills. - John Sherman, of the State of Ohio. Vennont--J us tin S. Morrill and Redfield Proctor. James Smith, jr., of the State of New Jersey. Virginia-John W. Daniel and Eppa Hunton. William M. Stewart, 8f the State of Nevada. Washington-Watson C. Squire. As their names were called, the respective Senators-elect came West Virginia-Johnson N. Camden and Charles J. Faulkner. forward and the oath prescribed by law was administered to them. Wisconsin-John L. Mitchell and William F. Vila-s. The Secretary called the names of- Wyoming-Joseph M. Carey. Francis B. Stockbridge, of the State of Michigan. • INAUGURATION CEREMONIES. David Turpie, of the State of Indiana. The persons entitled to admission on the floor of the Senate Stephen M. White, of the State of California. Chamber having been admitted to the places reserved for them, As their names were called, the respective Senators-elect came the President, Bon. GROVER CLEVELAND, of New York, entered forward and the oath prescribed by law was administered to them. the Senate Chamber accompanied by the late President, BEN SENATOR FROM KANSAS. JAMIN HARRISON and Mr. TELLER, Mr. RANSOM, and Mr. Mc Mr. PEFFER. I present the credentials of John Martin, re PHERSON, members of the Committee of Arrangements, and was cently elected a Senator from Kansas for the term ending March escorted to a seat in front of the Secretary's desk, and the late 3, 1895, and ask that they be read and lie on the table for the President and the members of the committee were seated on present. his right and left. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The credentials will be read. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Sergeant-at-Arms will now The credentials were read and ordered to be filed, as follows: execute the order of the Senate relative to the inaugural cere- monies of the President of the United States. · STATE OF KANSAS, E:cecutive Department. Those in the Senate Chamber proceedea to the platform on the To the Prtsident of the Senate of the United States: central portico of the Capitol in the following order: This is to certify that on the 25th day or January, in the year or our Lord 1893, John Martin was duly elected by the Legislature of Kansas a Senator The marshal of the District of Columbia. and the marshal of to represent said State in the Senate of the United States tor the unexpired the Supreme Court. term of six years commencing the •th day of March, A. D. 1889, and ending The ex-Vice-President. · March 4, 1895, and to fill the vacancy in said term happening by the decease of the Hon. Preston B. Plum1>. The Supreme Court. Witness his excellency, our governor, L. D. Lewelling, and our seal here The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate. unto affixed, at Topeka, this 25th day of January, in the year of our Lord The Committee of Arrangements. 1893, and or the Independence or the United States the one hundred and sev enteenth. The President and the President-elect. (SEAL.) L. D. LEWELLING. The Vice-President and the Secretary of the Senate. Ily the governor: Members of the Senate. R. S. OSBORN, Secretary of State. The Diplomatic Corps. Mr. HOAR. The credentials of Mr. Martin seem to be in due Heads of Departments. . form and to entitle him p·rimajacie to be admitted to a seat in the The Major-General of the Army Commanding, the Admiral of Senate. If there be any question as to his title upon the merits the Navy, and the officers of the Army and Navy who, by name, the Senate can deal with it afterwards. I ask that the oath be have received the thanks of Congress.. · administered to Mr. Martin. Members of the House of Representatives and members-elect, Mr. PEFFER. .Mr. Martin being present, I rose to ask that governors of States, ex-members of the Senate of the United the oath of office be administered to him. States officers of the Senate, and officers of the House of Repre The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator-elect from Kansas will sentatives.1 come forward and take the oath of office. All other persons who have been admitt-ed to the floor of the Mr. Martin was escorted to the Vice-President's desk by Mr. Senate Chambert followed by those who have l:>een admitted to PEFFER, and the oath pl'escribed by law having been adminis the galleries. tered to him, he took his seat in the f?enate. The President-elect delivered the following SENATORS PRESENT. INAUGUP.AL ADDRESS. The Senators-elect having been sworn and taken their seats MY FELLOW-CITIZENS: In obedience to the mandate of my in the S nate, the following Senators were present: countrymen, I am about to dedicate myself to their service under From the State of the sanction of a solemn oath. Deeply moved by the expression Alabama-James L. Pugh. of confidence and personal attachment which has called me to Arkansas-James H. Berry and James K. Jones. this service, I am sure my gratitude can make no better return Oalifm-nia-Stephen M. White. than the pledge I now give before God and these witnesses of Oolo·rado-Henry M. Tellar and Edward 0. Wolcott. unreserved and complete devotion to the interests and welfare Connecticut--Joseph R. Hawley and Orville H. Platt. of those who ha:ve honored me. Delawa·re-George Gray and Anthony Higgins. I deem it fitting on this occasion, while indicating the opinions Florida--Wilkinson Call and Samuel Pasco. I hold concerning public questions ef present importance, to also -. ·;t, ·. Georgia-John B. Gordon. briefly refer to the existence of certain conditions and tendencies ldaho-Fred. T. Dubois and George L. Shoup. among our people which seem to menace the integrity and use lllinois-Shelby M. Cullom and John M. Palmer. fulness of their Government. 1893. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. 3
While every American citizen must contemplate with the ut- , One mode of the misappropriation of public funds is avoided tnost pride and enthusiasm the growth and expansion. of our when ap:pointments to office, instead of being the rewards of par country, the sufficiency of our institutions to stand against the tisan activity, are awarded to those whose efficiency promises a rudest shooks of violence, the wonderful thriftand enterprise of fair ~eturn of work for the compensation paid to them. To se our people, and the demonstrated superiority of our free govern cure the fitness and competency of appointees to office, and to ment, it behooves us to constantly watch for every symptom of remove from political action the demoralizing madness for spoils, insidious infirmity that threatens our national vigor. civil-service reform has found a place in our public policy and The stron~ man who in the confidence of sturdy health courts laws. The benefits already gained through this instrumentality the sternest activitiesof life andrejoicesin thehardihoodofcon and the further usefulness it promises, entitle it to the hearty stant labor may still have lurking near his vitals the unheeded support and encouragement of all who desire to see our public disease that dooms him to sudden collapse. service well performed or who hope for the elevation of political It can not be doubted that our stupendous achievements .as a sentiment and the purification of political methods. . -people and our country's robust strength have given rise to a The existence of immenseaggregationsof kindred enterprises heedlessness of those laws governing our national health, which .and combinations of business interests, formed for the purpose of -we can no more evade than human life can escape the laws. of limiting production and fixing prices, is inconsistent with the God and nature. fair field which ought to be open to every independent activity. Manifestly nothing is more vital to our supremacy as a nation Legitimate strife in business should not be su:perseded by an en and to the beneficent purposes of our Go-vernment than a sound forced concession to the demands of combinatiOns that have the and stable currency. Its .exposure to degradation should at once power to destroy; nor should the people to be served lose the Q.rouse to adivity the most enlightened statesmanship; and the benefit of cheapness which usually results from wholesome com danger of depreciation in the purchasing power of the wages petition. These aggregations and combinationsfrequently con J>aid to toil should furnish the strongestincentivetopromptand stitute conspiracies against the interests of the people, and in all conservative precaution. their phases they are unnatural and opposed to our American In dealing with our present embarrassing situation as related sense of fairness. To the extent that they can be rea-ched and to-this subject we will be wise if we temper our confidence and restrained by Federal power, the General Government should faith in our national strength and resources with the frank con relieve our citizens from their interference and exactions. cession that even these will not permit us to defy with.impunity Loyalty to the principles upon which our Government rests the inexorable laws of finance and trade. At the same time, in positively demands that the equality before the law which it our efforts to adjust differences of opinion, we should be free from guarantees to every citiz'en sh·ould be justly and in good faith intolerance or passion, and our judgments should be unmoved conceded in all parts of the land. The enjoyment of this right by alluring phrases and unvexed by selfish interests. ' follows the badge of citizenship whert:~ver found, and, unim I am confident that such an approach to the subject will result paired by race or color, it appeals for recognition to American in prudent and effective remedial legislation. In the mean time, manliness and fairness. so far as the executive branch of the Government can intervene, Our relations with the Indians located within our borders im none of the powers with which it is invested will be withheld pose upon us r esponsibilities we can not escape. Humanity and when their exercise is deemed necessary to maintain our na consistency require us to treat them with forbearance, and in tional credit or avert financial disaster. our dealings with them to honestly and considerately regard Closely related to the exaggerated confidence in our country's their rights and interests. Every effort should be made to lead greatness which tends to a disregard of the rules of national them, through the paths of civilization and education, to self safety, another danger confronts us not less serious. I refer to supporting and independent citizenship. In the mean time, as tb.e prevalence of a popular disposition to expect from the opera the nation's wards they should be promptly defended against the tion of the Government especial and direct individual advan cupidity of designing men and shielded from every iutl.uence or tages. temptation that retards their advancement. The verdict of our voters, which condemned the injustice of The people of the United States have decreed that on this day maintaining protection for protection'B sake, enjoins upon the the control of their Government in its legislative and executive pedple's servants the duty of exposing and destroying the brood branches shall be given to a political party pledged in the most of kindred evils which are the unwholesome progeny of pater positive terms to the accomplishment of tariff reform.. They nalism. This is the bane of republican institutions and the con have thus determined in favor of a more just and equitable sys stant peril of our Government by the people. It degrades to the tem of Federal taxation. T he agents they have chosen·to carry purposes of wily craft the plan of rule our fathers established out their purposes ara bound by their promises, not less than by and bequeathed to us as an object of our love and veneration. It the command of their masters, to devote themselves unremit perverts the patriotic sentiment of our countrymen, and tempts tingly to this service. them to pitiful calculation of the sordid gain to be derived from While there should be no surrender of principle, our task must their Government'B maintenance. It undermines the self-reli be undertaken wisely and without heedless vindictiveness. Our ance of our people, and substitutes in its place dependence upon mission is not punishment, but the rectification of wrongs. If, governmental favoritism. It stifles the spirit of true Ameri in lifting burdens from the daily life of our people, we reduce canism and stupefies every ennobling trait of American citizen inordinate and unequal advantages too long enjoyed, this is but ship. a necessary incident of our return to right and justice. If we The lessons of paternalism ought to be unlearned and the bet exact from unwilling minds acquiescence in the theory of an ter lesson taught, that while the people should patriotically and honest distribution of the fund of the governmental beneficence cheerfully support~heir Government, its functions do not include treasured up for all, we but insist upon a principle which under the support of the people. lies our free institutions. When we tear aside the delusions and The acceptance of this principle leads to a refusal of bounties misconceptions which have blinded our countrymen to their con and subsidies, which burden the labor and thrift of a portion of dition under vicious tariff laws, we but show them how far they our citizens, to aid ill-advised or languishing enterprises in which have been led away from the pathsofcontentmentandprosperity. they have no concern. It leads also to a challenge of wild and When we proclaim that the necessity for revenue to support the r eckless pension expenditure, which overleaps the bounds of Government furnishes the only justification for taxing the peo grateful recognition of patriotic service and prostitutes to vicious ple, we announce a truth so plain that its denial would seem to uses the people's prompt and generous impulse to aid those dis indicate the extent to which judgment may he influenced by abled in their country's defense. familiarity with perversions of the taxing power; and when we Every thoughtful American must realize the importance of seek to reinstate the self-confidence and business enterprise of checking at its beginning any tendency in public or private sta our citizens, by discrediting an abject dependence upon govern tion to regard frugality and economy as virtues which we may mental favor, we strive to stimulate those elements of American safely outgrow. The toleration of this idea results in the waste character which suppor t the hope of Amedcan achievement. of the people's money by their chosen servants, and encourages .Anxiety for the redemption of the pledges which my party has prodigality and extravagance in the home life of our country made, and solicitude for the complete justification of the trust men. the people have reposed in us, constrain me to remind those with Under our scheme of government the waste of public nioney is whom I am to cooperate that we can succeed in doing the work a crime against the citizen; and the contempt of our people for which has been especially set before us only by the most sincere, economy and frugality in their personal affairs aeplorably saps harmonious, and disinterested effort. Even if insuperable ob the strength and sturdiness of our natiDnal character. stacles and opposition prevent the consummation of our task, we It is a plain dictate of honesty and good go-vernment that pub shall hardly be excused; and if failure can be traced to our fa.ult lic expenditures should be limited by public necessity, and that o.r neglect, we may be sure the people will hold us to a swift and this should be measured by the rules of strict economy; and it is exacting accountability. . equally clear that frugality among the people·is the best guar The oath I now take to preserve, protect, and defend the Con anty of a contented and strong support of free institutiollS. stitution -of the United States, not only impressively defines th