1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1103 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index

References are to document numbers

Abrasimov, Pyotr A., 54, 261 Acheson, Dean—Continued Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, Ostpolitik, 143, 146, 149, 150, 155 2 Soviet-U.S. relations, 254 Four Power talks/negotiations on Ackerson, Col. Frederick, 279 Berlin: Adenauer, Konrad, 164, 335 Access/checkpoint issues, 293, 295 Adzhubei, Alexei, 138 Acrimonious discussions between Africa, 335 Soviet-British-French Agnew, Spiro T., 6, 126 ambassadors, 291 Agriculture, 335 Agreement (final), 327, 329 Ahlers, Conrad, 15, 16, 79, 115, 154, 254 Agreement (tentative), 281, 296 Akalovsky, Alexander, 212, 214, 270, 323 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 Albania, 335 Ambassadorial meetings, Allott, Gordon, 196 December 11, 1970, 144 Alphand, Hervé, 153 Ambassadorial meetings, May 25, Alsop, Joseph R., Jr., 22 1971, 242 Anderson, David, 362 Ambassadorial meetings, August Apollo missions: 10-12, 1971, 284, 286, 287 11, 22 Ambassadorial meetings, August 12, 44 16-18, 1971, 293, 295 13, 78 Draft agreement, Soviet, 210, 215, Arabs. See Middle East. 222 Arendt, Walter, 150 Draft agreement, Western, 242 Argentina, 336 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 152, Ash, Roy L., 378 168 Audland, Christopher J., 199 Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 Austria, 372 Kissinger’s assessments, 166 Nixon-Soviet leadership Bahr, Egon, 44, 228 communications, 166 Brandt, no-confidence motion Passport issues, 281, 296 submitted against, 358 Private negotiation channels, 207, Brandt’s review of global affairs, 208, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 255 217, 221, 226, 227 Four Power talks/negotiations on Rush, meetings with, 114, 251, 281 Berlin (see also Bahr-Kohl Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 243, 263 (Michael) parallel negotiations Rush’s assessments, 122, 196 and Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 170 under Four Power talks/ Soviet presence in West Berlin, 250, negotiations on Berlin): 270, 272, 281, 284, 295 Access/checkpoint issues, 188, 210, Paris, assignment to, 230 224, 264, 266, 292 Access/checkpoint issues in Berlin (see Agreement (final), 329, 349 also under Four Power talks/ Agreement (tentative), 271, 274, negotiations on Berlin), 33, 34 275, 277, 308, 313 Acheson, Dean, 133 Ambassadorial meetings, Four Power talks/negotiations on November 17–18, 1970, 137 Berlin, 149 Ambassadorial meetings, May Nixon, meetings with, 140 17–18, 1971, 239, 240 1103 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1104 310-567/B428-S/11005

1104 Index

Bahr, Egon—Continued Bahr, Egon—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Ambassadorial meetings, August Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 222, 381 10–12, 1971, 287 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 230, Assessments conveyed to U.S. State 257, 274 Department, 67 Tactics for the wrap-up Backchannel discussions between ambassadorial meetings, 270 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171, Traffic issues, 182, 183, 264, 265, 266 172, 183, 187 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 36 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 80 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Central Intelligence Agency’s 36, 140 assessments, 87, 146, 150 Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings Draft agreement, Soviet, 215, 224, below): 230, 234, 235 Assessments conveyed to European alliance/unity, 68 Kissinger, 134 Falin, communications with, 210 Brandt’s U.S. trip, 79 Falin, meetings with, 157 Central Intelligence Agency’s Fazio, meetings with, 168 assessments, 146, 150, 164 Federal presence in Berlin, West Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (proposed), 150 German, 174, 224, 243, 248, Gromyko, meetings with, 74, 79, 249, 264, 265, 266 85, 91 Fessenden-Sahm meetings, 154 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 107 Gromyko, meetings with, 59, 68, Kissinger, communications with, 70, 84 85, 102 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 107 Kissinger, meetings with, 76, 108 Kissinger, communications with, Kissinger, meetings with 102, 167, 168, 192, 215, 249, (proposed), 222 264, 265, 275, 308, 349 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Kissinger, meetings with, 224, 226, communications, 146 257 New York Times, coverage of, 151 Kissinger, meetings with Rush, meetings with, 91 (proposed), 222 Rush’s assessments, 92 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 178, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 222 183, 262 Sonnenfeldt’s European trip, 89 Kissinger-Rush communications, Soviet officials, meetings with, 138, 210, 263, 265, 266, 270, 271, 141 274, 277 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 56, Leaking information, 243 97 Legal formula as to status, 226, Soviet-East German relations, 36 228, 235 Soviet-U.S. relations, 330, 331 Linkage between Berlin settlement Soviet-West German relations: and other issues, 83 Brandt upgrades negotiations with National Security Council’s Soviets, 50 assessments, 139 Gromyko, meetings with, 61, 68 Nixon, communications with, 236, Kissinger, communications with, 50 237, 238 Kissinger, meetings with, 36 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 254 Moscow trip (actual), 55 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Moscow trip (proposed), 51 374, 381, 382 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 80, Rush, development of the 108, 243 relationship with, 210 Treaty of Moscow (1970): Rush, meetings with, 97, 141, 229, Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, 251 359 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1105 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1105

Bahr, Egon—Continued Barzel, Rainer—Continued Treaty of Moscow (1970)—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Bundesrat in West Germany votes Berlin: against, 344, 345 Access/checkpoint issues, 219 Dean, communications with, 344 Agreement (final), 328 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Agreement (tentative), 275 assessments by, 354 Assessments conveyed to U.S. State Kissinger, communications with, Department, 69 330, 352 Brandt, meetings with, 275 Kissinger, meetings with, 348, Brandt, rift between Barzel and, 353 188, 189 Kissinger, meetings with Draft agreement, Western, 189 (proposed), 345 Federal presence in Berlin, West Lednev, meetings with, 353 German, 219 Media, statements to the, 348 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 384 Rogers’ trip to Bonn, 365 Kissinger, meetings with, 115, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 345 219 Vietnam linked to, 350 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 141 384 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Rush, meetings with, 179, 220, 251, 359 328 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Nixon, meetings with: assessments by, 354 Four Power talks/negotiations on Kissinger, communications with, Berlin, 218, 220 352 Ostpolitik, 218, 220 Kissinger, meetings with, 348, Rush-Barzel meetings, 220 353 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 338 Kissinger, meetings with Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 338 (proposed), 345 Nixon’s election victory over George Lednev, meetings with, 353 McGovern, 384 Media, statements to the, 348 Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings Nixon-Brandt communications, below): 158 Assessments conveyed to U.S. State Rogers’ trip to Bonn, 365 Department, 69 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, Christian Democratic Union’s 36, 108 concerns, 72 United Nations, German membership Kissinger, meetings with, 115 in the, 373 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt U.S. visit (proposed), controversy communications, 103 over, 28 Nixon, meetings with, 218, 220 Vietnam, 352 Opposition to, 86 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Rush, meetings with, 179 Bundestag, 30, 36 Treaty of Moscow (1970): West-East German relations, 40, 43, Dean, meetings with, 116, 220 369, 371 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Baker, John A., Jr., 147 assessments by, 354 Ball, George, 161 Kissinger, meetings with, 115, Bartholomew, Reginald, 111 219 Barzel, Rainer, 318, 329, 335 Nixon, meetings with, 338 Brandt, attempts to unseat, 86 Soviet Union, trip to the, 338 Brandt, no-confidence motion U.S. assistance, request for, 359, submitted against, 357, 358 362, 363 Elections (1972) between Brandt and, Vietnam linked to, 116, 220, 338, 378, 380, 385 367 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1106 310-567/B428-S/11005

1106 Index

Barzel, Rainer—Continued Berlin—Continued Treaty of Warsaw (1970): Christian Democratic Union/ Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Christian Social Union meeting assessments by, 354 in Berlin, 137 Kissinger, meetings with, 219 Contingency planning on, review of, Nixon, meetings with, 338 34 U.S. assistance, request for, 359, Dobrynin-Rogers meetings, 8 362, 363 Four Power talks accepted, 54 Vietnam linked to, 338, 367 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 17 West-East German relations, 384 Kissinger-Helms communications, 12 Bauer, Leo, 92 Kissinger-Laird communications, 12 Beam, Jacob D., 19, 21, 54, 102, 170 Kissinger-Rogers communications, 12 Belgium, 336 Military traffic (U.S.) over the Berg, Hermann von, 43, 60 Autobahn to and from West Bergsten, C. Fred, 89 Berlin, 12 Beria, Lavrenti, 343 National Security Council’s Berlin (see also Four Power talks/ assessments, 18, 34 negotiations on Berlin; Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 11 Ostpolitik): Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 15, 16 Abrasimov-Lodge meetings, 2 Nixon-Kissinger communications, 26, Access/checkpoint issues, 33, 34 42 Air corridors closed, 121 Nixon-Kosygin communications, 19 Allied probe on Berlin: a status Nixon’s trip to West Berlin, 17 report, 47 Rogers’ assessments, 42 Bundestag convening in West Berlin, Social Democratic Party holding Soviet protests over, 48 meetings in, 148 Bundesversammlung (Federal State Department (U.S.) and White Convention) in West Berlin: House, confusion between, 32 Abrasimov-Lodge meetings, 2 Transitional arrangements, 20 Brandt-Rusk communications, 3 Travel restrictions to, 1 Kiesinger-Tsarapkin meetings, 13 Tripartite aide-mémoire to Soviets, 47 Kissinger-Dobrynin Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the communication, 11 Bundestag, 29, 30, 31, 36 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 48 Western proposal of December 16, Kissinger-Rogers communications, 1969, Soviet response to, 54 4, 5 Bertsch, Herbert, 130 Meeting on March 3, 1969, 17 Big Minh, 23 National Security Council’s Bilderberg Group, 215, 224, 226 assessments, 6, 7 Binder, David, 46, 149, 150, 154 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 15 Birrenbach, Kurt, 189, 220, 338 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Bismarck, Otto von, 161 4, 7 Blumenfeld, Erik, 46 Nixon-Pauls meetings, 5 Boerner, Michael P., 213 Rogers’ assessments, 4 Bonn Convention (1954), 71 Rogers-Dobrynin meetings, 8, 13 Bonn Group: Rusk-Lodge communications, 3 Allied probe on Berlin: a status Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 9 report, 47 Soviet-Chinese military skirmish Berlin, transitional arrangements on, over Chenpao Island, 17 20 Soviet-West German relations, 7 Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, Travel restrictions, 7, 8 4, 7 Tripartite reply on, 10 Four Power talks/negotiations on Voting rights challenged, West Berlin, 170, 173, 199 Berlin’s, 7 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 43 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1107 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1107

Brandt, Willy: Brandt, Willy—Continued Ally of U.S., West Germany as a Four Power talks/negotiations on more independent, 43 Berlin—Continued Barzel, tentative agreement on Berlin Kissinger’s assessments, 158 and meeting with, 275 Letter to the three other powers, 62 Barzel’s attempts to unseat, 86 Linkage between Berlin settlement Berlin, 15, 17 and treaty issues, 333 Brezhnev, meetings with: Nixon, communications with, 70, Chinese-Soviet relations, 335 127, 136, 153, 158, 329 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 330 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 245 Middle East, 335 Nixon’s reply to Brandt’s letter to Nixon, communications with, 331 the three other powers, 64 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Rush, meetings with, 119 331 Rush-Barzel meetings, 179 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Soviet presence in West Berlin, 254, 331 272 Rush-Bahr communications, 331 Stoph, communications with, 66, 70 Soviet-Chinese relations, 335 Stoph, meetings with (proposed), 63 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 331 U.S., trip to the, 80 U.S.–Soviet relations, 330, 331 U.S., trip to the (proposed), 74 Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, Heath, communications with, 146, 3, 13 153 Cancer, throat, 387 Kissinger, meetings with, 257, 373 Chancellor, elected, 38, 39 Middle East, 335 Christian Democratic Union’s Nixon, communications with: attempts to unseat, 86 Brezhnev, meetings with, 331 Coalition policies, new West German, Chinese-U.S. relations, 331 35 Conference on Security and Détente policy, 1 Cooperation in Europe, 44 Elections (1969), West German, 27 European trip, Nixon’s, 127 Elections (1971), West German, 195 Four Power talks/negotiations on Elections (1972) between Barzel and, Berlin, 64, 70, 127, 132, 153, 378, 380, 385 158, 329 European Alliance, 16 Nixon-Gromyko communications, Four Power talks/negotiations on 132 Berlin: Ostpolitik, 112 Agreement (final), 329 Poland, 145, 153 Agreement (tentative), 275, 313 Renunciation-of-force agreements, Allied approach, agreement with, 44 229 Soviet-West German relations, 44, Backchannel discussions between 104, 105, 127, 306, 331 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 187 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 38 Barzel, meetings with, 275 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 104, 105, Barzel, rift between Brandt and, 127, 331 188, 189 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 145, 146, Cabinet session, closed, 96 153, 158 Central Intelligence Agency’s U.S.-Chinese relations, 331 assessments, 87, 146 Nixon, meetings with: East German position, 130 Argentina, 336 Federal presence in Berlin, West Brazil, 336 German, 188, 254 Chinese-U.S. relations, 331, 336 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 219 Cuba, 336 Kissinger-Rush communications, European alliance/unity, 81, 335, 210 336 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1108 310-567/B428-S/11005

1108 Index

Brandt, Willy—Continued Brandt, Willy—Continued Nixon, meetings with—Continued Ostpolitik—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Stoph, meetings with (proposed), Berlin, 254 63 Global affairs, review of, 255 U.S. position, 123 Middle East, 335 U.S., trip to the, 79, 80 Mutual and balanced force Politburo, dispute within the East reductions in Europe, 335 German, 60 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Pompidou, communications with, 335 146, 153 Ostpolitik, 81, 254 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 44, Soviet-East German relations, 335 50, 96, 113 Soviet-West German relations, 335 Rogers, meetings with, 20, 45 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 81, Rush, meetings with, 39, 119 336 Sonnenfeldt’s European trip, 128 Trade issues/policies, 335 Soviet-West German relations, 44, 50 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 335, 336, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 38, 337 81, 336 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 336, 337 Treaty of Moscow (1970): U.S.-Soviet relations, 335 Brezhnev, meetings with, 331 Vietnam, 336 Heath, communications with, 146 No-confidence motion submitted Kosygin, communications with, 181 against, 357, 358, 371, 372 Nixon, communications with, 104, Non-Proliferation Treaty, 39 105, 127, 331 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Nixon, meetings with, 335, 336, 337 39, 331, 335 No-confidence motion submitted Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings against Brandt, 358 below): Treaty of Warsaw (1970): Acheson’s statements to the Heath, communications with, 153 Washington Post, 143 Kosygin, communications with, 181 Cabinet session, closed, 96 Nixon, communications with, 145, Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 146, 153, 158 Hyland’s assessments, 109 Nixon, meetings with, 336, 337 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115 No-confidence motion submitted Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 against Brandt, 358 Kissinger’s assessments, 74 Pompidou, communications with, Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt 146, 153 communications, 146 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 146 335 Kosygin, communications with, United Nations, German membership 181 in the, 373 National Security Council’s U.S.-Chinese relations, 334 assessments, 111 U.S.-Soviet relations, 334 Nixon, communications with, 112 U.S.-West German relations, 45, 79, Nixon, meetings with, 81, 254 80, 81 Nixon, meetings with (proposed), Vietnam, 336, 367, 368 77, 78, 334 Brazil, 336 Rush, meetings with, 119 Brezhnev, Leonid I., 16, 23, 105, 108, Rush’s assessments, 92 119, 183, 261 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Brandt, meetings with: Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 55, 71, Chinese-Soviet relations, 335 125 Kissinger-Bahr communications, Stoph, communications with, 74, 330 96 Middle East, 335 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1109 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1109

Brezhnev, Leonid I.—Continued Castro, Fidel, 336 Brandt, meetings with—Continued Ceausescu, Nicolae, 23, 132 Nixon-Brandt communications, 331 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 74 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Four Power talks/negotiations on 331 Berlin, 87, 146, 150, 175 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 331 146 Rush-Bahr communications, 331 Ostpolitik, 146, 150, 155, 164 Soviet-Chinese relations, 335 Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 370 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 331 Chenpao Island, 17 U.S.-Soviet relations, 330, 331 China, People’s Republic of: Four Power talks/negotiations on Conference on Security and Berlin, 220, 356 Cooperation in Europe, 372 Kissinger, meetings with: Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 23 Middle East, 373 Soviet Union, relations with, 17, 220, Moscow summit (proposed), 356 335 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, U.S., relations with: 356 Nixon-Brandt communications, 331 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 356 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 336 United Nations, German Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), membership in the, 373 334 Vietnam, 356, 373 Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (see Middle East, 335, 373 also Barzel, Rainer), 1, 2, 27, 30, 35 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Brandt, attempts to unseat, 86 331 Brandt, no-confidence motion Southeast Asia, collective security submitted against, 357 pact for, 23 Christian Social Union, meetings Trade issues/policies, 345 with, 137, 146, 148 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 331, 346, Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 356 Elections (1970), West German, 90 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 346, 356 Elections (1971), West German, 195 United Nations, German membership Elections (1972) between Brandt and in the, 369 Barzel, 378, 380, 385 U.S.-Soviet relations, 330, 331, 335, Ellsworth’s assessments, 97 356, 369 Four Power talks/negotiations on Vietnam, 356, 373 Berlin: Brosio, Manlio G., 128, 336 Barzel’s assessments conveyed to Brower, Charles N., 206, 297, 312, 315, U.S. State Department, 69 316, 317 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115 Brownell, Mary, 149 Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 124 Buchanan, Patrick J., 16 Pravda’s negative editorials on, 181 Bulgaria, 222 Rush-Bahr meetings, 141 Bundesversammlung. See under Berlin. Rush-Barzel meetings, 179 Bureau of Intelligence and Research Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 (INR), 9 Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings Burns, Arthur F., 218, 370 below): Burr, William, 294 Barzel’s assessments, 69, 103 Butterfield, Alexander P., 283, 342, 369, Concerns over, 72, 86, 102 386 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115 Butterworth, Robert, 386 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 115 Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), Caribbean, 335 100 Carstens, Karl, 15, 16, 22, 223 Pravda’s negative editorials on, 181 Cash, Frank E., Jr., 337, 362 Rush’s assessments, 92 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1110 310-567/B428-S/11005

1110 Index

Christian Democratic Union (CDU)— Davis, Jeanne W., 111, 123, 177, 216, 224, Continued 257, 279, 355, 383 Ostpolitik—Continued Dean, Jonathan, 41, 46, 51, 92, 95, 141, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 75 150, 154, 168, 272, 303, 362 Soviets’ desire for Christian Four Power talks/negotiations on Democratic Union’s return to Berlin: power, 181 Access/checkpoint issues, 213 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 89 Agreement (final), 329 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Agreement (tentative), 323 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 Assessments conveyed to Rush, 94 Treaty of Moscow (1970): Assessments conveyed to Sutterlin, Bundesrat in West Germany votes 213 against, 342 Federal presence in Berlin, West Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 360 German, 213 Kissinger-Haig communications, Rush, communications with, 329 318 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 261, 262, Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt 263 communications, 347 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 199 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Sutterlin’s assessments, 191 113 Traffic issues, 213 Nixon-Rush meetings, 337 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Ratification, official, 368 94 Treaty of Warsaw (1970): Ostpolitik: Bundesrat in West Germany votes Treaty of Moscow (1970), 94, 116, against, 342 213, 219, 220, 344 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 360 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 344 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 94 communications, 347 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, Nixon-Rush meetings, 337 94, 344 Position on, 318, 337 De Gaulle, Charles, 14, 22 Ratification, official, 368 Denmark, 219, 343 Clay, Lucius D., 133, 140, 149, 319 Der Spiegel, 161, 348, 372 Cline, Ray S., 79 Dewey, Thomas E., 133, 140 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), Diehl, Günther, 15, 16 335 Die Welt, 46 Common Market, 78, 345 Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 19, 20, 261, 381 Communism, 372 Berlin: Conference on Security and Bundestag convening in West Cooperation in Europe, 44, 336, Berlin, Soviet protests over, 48 341, 349, 372 Bundesversammlung in West Connally, John B., 370 Berlin, 8, 11, 13, 48 Council for Mutual Economic Kissinger, meetings with, 17 Assistance (COMECON), 19, 349 Nixon, meetings with, 11 Court, John, 111 Nixon’s trip to West Berlin, 17 Croatia, 335 Rogers, meetings with, 8 Cromer, Earl of, 375 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 Cuba, 183, 335, 336 Four Power talks/negotiations on Cushman, Gen. Robert E., 111, 126, 279 Berlin: Cyrankiewicz, Józef, 145 Abrasimov’s private negotiation Czechoslovakia, 1, 15, 16, 23, 39, 84, 335 channels, 207, 208, 226 Access/checkpoint issues, 185, 189, Dahrendorf, Ralf, 150 194, 197, 208 Daniels, Col. Elmer R., 6 Agreement (final), 368 Davignon, Etienne, 128 Agreement (tentative), 300, 302, 321 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1111 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1111

Dobrynin, Anatoly F.—Continued Dobrynin, Anatoly F.—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Treaty of Warsaw (1970)—Continued Berlin—Continued Kissinger, meetings with, 350, 360, Backchannel discussions between 368 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 338 Draft agreement, Soviet, 201, 203, Nixon-Kissinger communications, 204, 208, 215 338 Draft agreement, Western, 180 United Nations, German membership Federal presence in Berlin, West in the, 375, 379 German, 180, 194, 197, 208, U.S.-Soviet relations, 294, 346 211, 215, 253 Vietnam, 350 Foreign Ministers meeting, 243 Dohananyi, Klaus von, 80, 81 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 170 Downey, Arthur, 58, 93, 144, 279, 285, Kissinger, communications with, 286, 288 201, 207, 230, 300, 302, 321 Dubridge, Lee A., 80, 81 Kissinger, meetings with, 48, 152, Dubs, Adolph, 8 160, 165, 168, 178, 180, 183, Duckwitz, Georg F., 7, 15, 50, 62, 79, 80, 185, 189, 194, 197, 204, 208, 81, 83 211, 215, 226, 228, 243, 252, Dulles, John F., 87 253, 262, 273, 368, 375, 379 Legal formula as to status, 228, 230 Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 4, 97 Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 332 East Germany. See German Democratic Nixon-Soviet leadership Republic. communications, 160 Eberle, William, D., 370 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Economic issues: 374, 375, 379 Agriculture, 335 Rogers, meetings with, 321 Common Market, 78, 345 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 262 Council for Mutual Economic Soviet offer for confidential Assistance, 19, 349 meetings, 231 European Economic Community, 71, Soviet presence in West Berlin, 252, 354 253 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115 Nixon, meetings with: Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 Four Power talks/negotiations on Monetary stability, international, 14, Berlin, 160 16 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 11 Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), Soviet-U.S. relations, 37 334 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 37 Poland, price increases and worker Vietnam, 37 protests in, 147, 183 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 11, 17 Southeast Asia, future of, 23 Ostpolitik. See Treaty listings below Trade issues/policies: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 37, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 228, 233 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16 Treaty of Moscow (1970): Soviet-West German relations, 345 Kissinger, communications with, Stans’ trip to the Soviet Union, 367 335 Kissinger, meetings with, 350, 360, Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (U.S.), 368 140 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 338 West-East German relations, 40, 49 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Treaty of Rome (1954), 71 338 U.S.-West German relations, 22, 78 Treaty of Warsaw (1970): West-East German relations, 40, 49, Kissinger, communications with, 345 367 Egypt, 335 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1112 310-567/B428-S/11005

1112 Index

Ehmke, Horst, 44, 60, 146 European alliance/unity—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Market expansion, 335 Berlin: Moscow summit (actual), 369 East German position, 130 National Security Council’s Federal presence in Berlin, West assessments, 49, 109, 111 German, 188 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 81, 335, 336 Hillenbrand-Fessenden Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), communications, 154 334 Kissinger, meetings with, 151 Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 332 New York Times, coverage of, 120 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 14, 15, 16, U.S., trip to (actual), 155 23 U.S., trip to (proposed), 150 Nixon-McCloy/Dewey/Clay/ Ostpolitik: Acheson meetings, 140 Bahr’s comments on U.S. views, Nixon’s trip to Europe, 127 164 Ostpolitik, 69, 75 Irwin, meetings with, 120 Rogers’ European trip, 45 Kissinger, meetings with, 151 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 345 Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 124 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 New York Times, coverage of, 151, Treaty of Accession to the European 154, 161 Communities, 343 Rush’s assessments, 92 U.S. position, 110 U.S., trip to (actual), 155 Ewing, Gordon A., 149 U.S., trip to (proposed), 150 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 Falin, Valentin, 138, 141, 146, 157, 214, Eitel, Antonius, 107 217, 226, 228, 234, 303 Eliot, Theodore L., 23, 35, 105, 112, 127, Four Power talks/negotiations on 145, 148, 224, 304, 309, 312, 318, Berlin (see also Rush-Bahr-Falin 347, 357 meetings under Four Power Ellsworth, Robert F., 97, 126 talks/negotiations on Berlin): England. See United Kingdom. Access/checkpoint issues, 210, 264, Eppler, Erhard, 150 266, 292 Erhard, Ludwig, 1, 14 Agreement (final), 329 European alliance/unity (see also Troop Agreement (tentative), 271, 274, (U.S.) commitment in Europe under 275, 277, 281 Military issues): Bahr, meetings with, 157 Barzel’s trip to the Soviet Union, 338 Passport issues, 281 Bilderberg Group, 215 Rush, communications with, 210 Conference on Security and Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 242 Cooperation in Europe, 44, 336, Soviet presence in West Berlin, 270 341, 349, 372 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 243 Declaration of European Communist Treaty of Moscow (1970), 345 (1967), 18 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 345 Economic Commission for Europe, West-East German relations, 343 349 Fazio, Jim, 168, 222 European Economic Community, 71, Federal Convention. See 354 Bundesversammlung under Berlin. Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 68 Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) (see Interdepartmental Group for Europe, also Bahr, Egon; Berlin; Brandt, 278, 383 Willy; Four Power Kiesinger-Rush meetings, 22 talks/negotiations on Berlin; Kissinger-Gromyko meetings, 374 Kiesinger, Kurt G.; Ostpolitik; Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 372 Treaty of Moscow; Treaty of Linkage between Berlin settlement Warsaw), 1 and, 14, 246 Elections (1969), 27 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1113 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1113

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)— Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)— Continued Continued Elections (1970), 133, 135 Soviet Union, relations with— Elections (1971), 195 Continued Elections (1972) between Brandt and Bilateral or Four Power talks, 43, Barzel, 378, 380, 385 44 Elections, Soviet intervention in, 41 Brandt upgrades negotiations with Finland, relations with, 383 Soviets, 50 France, relations with, 16, 57, 355 Bundesversammlung in West German Democratic Republic, Berlin, 7 relations with: Elections (1972) between Brandt Allied probe on Berlin: a status and Barzel, 378, 380 report, 47 Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 61, 68 Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel Kiesinger-Rush meetings, 22 negotiations, 371 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 50 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 36 Brandt, no-confidence motion Lodge’s assessments, 1 submitted against, 357, 358 New York Times, coverage of, 46 Economic issues, 40, 45, 49, 345 Nixon-Brandt communications, 44 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 assessments by, 31 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 23 Hillenbrand-Barzel meetings, 384 Rogers’ European trip, 45 International organizations/status, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 61 40, 41 Trade issues/policies, 40, 345 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 25 Travel restrictions in Berlin, 7 National Security Council’s United Nations, membership in the: assessments, 341, 349, 355, 369 Brandt-Kissinger meetings, 373 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 373 Rogers’ European trip, 45 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 373 Rogers-Gromyko meetings, 25 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 375, Rush’s assessments, 43 379 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 343, National Security Council’s 345, 371, 383 assessments, 340, 341, 355, 369 Soviet position, 24, 343 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Trade issues/policies, 40, 49 374 Treaty between East and West Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 371 Germany, 40, 383, 386, 387 Soviet position, 371 United Nations, German U.S. position, 371 membership in the, 369 U.S., relations with, 15, 22, 23, 44, 45, West German position, 39, 40 46, 78 Greece, relations with, 40 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Nixon’s election victory over George Bundestag, 29, 30, 31, 36 McGovern, 384 Fedorovich, Anatoliy, 375 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 35 Fessenden, Russell, 14, 15, 16, 29, 41, 92, Renunciation-of-force agreements, 93, 94, 168, 207, 213, 304, 306, 312 40 Cash (Frank) replaces, 337 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Four Power talks/negotiations on Social Democratic Party/Free Berlin: Democratic Party coalition, 82 Agreement (tentative), 315, 316 Social Democratic Party holding Hillenbrand, communications with, conference in Berlin, 148 154 Soviet Union, relations with New York Times, coverage of, 120, Bahr’s Moscow trip (actual), 55 149 Bahr’s Moscow trip (proposed), 51 Rogers, communications with, 315 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1114 310-567/B428-S/11005

1114 Index

Fessenden, Russell—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Access/checkpoint issues—Continued Rush, communications with, 95, Comparing tentative agreement 315 with Western draft proposal, Sahm, meetings with, 154 311, 314 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 316 Dean’s assessments, 213 Oder-Neisse Line, 52 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 106, Ostpolitik, 46, 53 216 Assessments conveyed to Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Hillenbrand, 51 283, 285 Barzel’s assessments, 103 Draft agreement, Soviet, 203, 215 Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (proposed), Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 224 150 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 219 Hillenbrand, communications with, Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 189, 154 194, 197, 208 Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 Kissinger-Rush communications, New York Times, coverage of, 149, 280, 282, 290 151, 154, 161 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Sahm, meetings with, 154 communications, 188, 298 Finland, 383 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218 First Annual Report to the Congress on Rogers-Rush communications, 306 United States Foreign Policy for the Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 264, 266 1970s, 76, 128 Soviet position, 292 Firyubin, Nikolai, 10 U.S. position, 292 Flanigan, Peter, 337 Agreement (final): Foster, William C., 14 Ambassadorial meetings, Four Power talks/negotiations on September 3, 1971, 327 Berlin: French position, 329 Abrasimov’s private negotiation Kissinger-Bahr communications, channels: 349 Draft agreement, Soviet, 215 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 368 Kissinger-Dobrynin Kissinger-Rush communications, communication, 207 329 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 208, Linkage between treaty issues and 226 Berlin settlement, 335 Kissinger-Rush communications, Nixon-Brandt communications, 329 207, 210, 211, 212, 214, 217, Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 331, 332 221, 226, 227 Rush-Barzel meetings, 328 Kissinger-Vorontsov meetings, Rush-Dean communications, 329 217 Signing of the, 327, 368, 371 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Soviet position, 349 217 Translation issues, 329 Acceptance of/agreement to have, 54, Agreement (tentative): 65 Acrimonious discussions between Access/checkpoint issues, 185, 187 Soviet-British-French Ambassadorial meetings, May 17– ambassadors, 291 18, 1971, 239 Ambassadorial meetings, August Ambassadorial meetings, August 16–18, 1971, 296 10–12, 1971, 286 Brandt’s approval, 275, 313 Ambassadorial meetings, August Comparing tentative agreement 16–18, 1971, 293, 295 with Western draft proposal, Bahr-Falin communications, 210 303, 311, 314 Bahr-Falin meetings, 157 Fessenden-Brower assessments, 316 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1115 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1115

Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Agreement (tentative)—Continued Backchannel discussions between French position, 277 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171, 172, Kissinger-Bahr communications, 183, 187 308 Bahr-Falin meetings, 157 Kissinger-Dobrynin Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel communication, 300, 302, negotiations, 183 321 Hyland’s assessments, 157 Kissinger-Rogers communications, Kissinger-Rush communications, 304, 309, 319 210, 267 Kissinger-Rush communications, Rush-Barzel meetings, 179 271, 281, 294, 299, 302, 308, Rush’s assessments, 196 320 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 170, Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt 193, 222 communications, 298, 326 Traffic issues, 157 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Bahr leaking information, Nixon- 310 Kissinger discussion about, 243 Nixon-Rush meetings, 324, 325 Bahr’s assessments, 67 Rogers’ assessments, 322 Barzel’s assessments, 69 Rogers-Dobrynin meetings, 321 Bonn/Berlin relationship, 284, 311 Rogers-Fessenden-Brower Brandt and Barzel, rift between, 188, communications, 315 189 Rogers-Rush communications, 297, Brandt-Barzel meetings, 275 301, 303, 306, 307, 312 Brandt-Heath communications, 146, Rush-Abrasimov-Falin-Kvitsinskiy 153 meetings, 281 Brandt-Rush meetings, 119 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 271, 274, Brandt’s agreement with Allied 275, 277 approach, 229 Rush-Fessenden-Brower meetings, Brandt’s closed cabinet session, 96 315 Brandt’s letter to the three other Rush-Haig communications, 318 powers, 62 Soviet position, 323 Brandt’s positive/enthusiastic Soviet presence in West Berlin, 271, greeting by East German people, 296 66 Textual review procedures, 322, Brandt-Stoph communications, 66, 70 323, 325, 326 Brandt-Stoph meetings (proposed), 63 U.S. position, 322 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 80 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 Brezhnev’s speech, 220 Ambassadorial meetings: Central Intelligence Agency’s September 18–19, 1970, 117 assessments, 87, 146, 150 November 17–18, 1970, 137 Christian Democratic December 11, 1970, 144 Union/Christian Social Union January 19, 1971, 170 meeting in Berlin, 137 February 9, 1971, 174 Dean’s assessments, 94, 213 March 9, 1971, 193 Delaying the conclusion of an March 27, 1971, 209 agreement: April 16, 1971, 222 Kissinger-Hillenbrand May 7, 1971, 222 communications, 302 May 17-18, 1971, 239, 240, 242 Kissinger-Mitchell meetings, 317 May 25, 1971, 242 Kissinger-Rogers communications, August 10–12, 1971, 284, 286, 287 304, 309 August 16–18, 1971, 293, 295, 296 Kissinger-Rush communications, September 3, 1971, 327 265, 267 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1116 310-567/B428-S/11005

1116 Index

Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Delaying the conclusion of an Draft agreement, Western—Continued agreement—Continued Rush-Fazio meetings, 168 Kissinger’s explanation, 262 Soviet response, 188 Nixon-Kissinger communications, East German position, 130 265, 309 Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (actual), 155 Rogers-Rush meetings, 317 Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (proposed), 150 Rush-Haig communications, 266 European alliance/unity, 14, 246 Rush’s illness, 326 Federal presence in Berlin, West U.S. position, 271 German, 180 Draft agreement, Soviet: Ambassadorial meetings, August Access/checkpoint issues, 203, 215 10–12, 1971, 284, 286 Ambassadorial meetings, April 16, Ambassadorial meetings, May 1971, 222 17–18, 1971, 239 Bahr’s revisions, 224, 230, 234, 235 Bahr’s draft revisions, 230 British response, 222 Comparing tentative agreement Counterdraft to Western draft, 209 with Western draft proposal, Federal presence in Berlin, West 311 German, 201, 203, 215 Dean’s assessments, 213 French response, 222 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Kissinger-Bahr communications, 283 215 Draft agreement, Soviet, 201, 203, Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 224 215 Kissinger-Dobrynin Draft agreement, Western, 174, communication, 201 242 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 204, Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 224 208, 215 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 219 Kissinger-Rush communications, Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 183, 203, 204, 234 194, 197, 208, 211, 215, 253 Polish support for, 222 Kissinger-Rush communications, Rogers-Rush communications, 210, 267 210 Kissinger’s assessments, 166 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 235 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Rush’s revisions, 204 communications, 184, 188 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 201, Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218 203 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 254 Traffic issues, 201, 230, 235 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 243, 248, U.S. position, 227 249, 264, 265, 266 Wording, compromise attempts on, Study Memorandum (NSC) 136, 229 276 Draft agreement, Western, 170, 173, Fessenden-Sahm meetings, 154 174, 176 Fessenden’s assessments, 95 Barzel’s objections, 189 French position, 83, 242, 246 Comparing tentative agreement Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 59, 68, 70, with Western draft proposal, 84 303, 311, 314 Gromyko-Beam meetings, 170 Federal presence in Berlin, West Gromyko-Seydoux de Clausonne German, 242 meetings, 170 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 180 Hillenbrand-Bahr meetings, 107 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Hillenbrand-Dobrynin meetings, 170 communications, 188 Hillenbrand-Fessenden Revisions by Allied ambassadors, communications, 154 242, 253 Hyland’s assessments, 109, 157 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1117 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1117

Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Kissinger-Bahr communications, 102, Legal formula as to status: 168, 215, 249, 264, 265, 275, 308, Ambassadorial meetings, May 17- 349 18, 1971, 239 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 224, 226, Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 226 227 Kissinger-Dobrynin Kissinger-Bahr meetings (proposed), communications, 230 222 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 228 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115, 219 Kissinger-Rush communications, Kissinger-Birrenbach 227, 228 communications, 189 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Kissinger-Dobrynin communication, 228 201, 207, 230, 300, 302, 321 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 235 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 48, 152, Linkage between Treaties of 160, 165, 168, 178, 180, 183, 185, Moscow/Warsaw and, 93, 101, 189, 194, 197, 204, 208, 211, 215, 246, 332, 333, 335, 336, 350, 352, 226, 228, 243, 252, 253, 262, 273, 354, 367, 368 368, 375, 379 National Security Council’s Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 assessments, 111, 126, 131, 136, Kissinger-Gromyko communications, 139, 216, 279 379 Decision Memorandum 106, 216, Kissinger-Gromyko meetings, 374 225, 256, 260, 270, 298 Kissinger-Hillenbrand Decision Memorandum 125, 283, communications, 302 285 Kissinger-Laird communications, Senior Review Group, February 10, 274 1971, 177 Kissinger-Mitchell meetings, 317 Study Memorandum 111, 49, 153, Kissinger-Rogers communications, 156, 175, 176 304, 309, 319 Study Memorandum 136, 276, 278 Kissinger-Rush communications, 180, New York Times, coverage of, 120, 149, 203, 204, 207, 210, 211, 212, 214, 150 217, 221, 226, 227, 228, 234, 243, Nixon-Bahr communications, 236, 247, 248, 263, 265, 266, 267, 270, 237, 238 271, 274, 277, 280, 281, 282, 290, Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218, 220 294, 299, 302, 308, 320, 329 Nixon-Brandt communications, 64, Kissinger’s assessments: 70, 127, 132, 153, 158, 329 Brandt’s slow pace, 158 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 254 Brandt-Stoph meetings (proposed), Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 160 63 Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 129, 132, Federal presence in Berlin, West 159, 331, 332 German, 166 Nixon-Kissinger communications, 58, Linkage between Berlin settlement 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 217, 228, 249, and other issues, 101 265, 309, 310 Nixon-Soviet leadership Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 186, 245, communication, 159, 160, 253 166 Nixon-McCloy/Dewey/Clay/ Review of policy, request for an Acheson meetings, 140 official, 153 Nixon-Rush meetings, 324, 325, 327 Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 Nixon-Soviet leadership Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt communications, 159, 160, 166 communications, 102, 146, 184, Passport issues: 188, 256, 258, 298, 326 Ambassadorial meetings, August Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 124 16–18, 1971, 296 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1118 310-567/B428-S/11005

1118 Index

Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Passport issues—Continued Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings—Continued Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Rush-Fazio meetings, 168 285 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 274 Gromyko’s objections, 277 Tactics for the wrap-up Kissinger-Rush communications, ambassadorial meetings, 270 290 Traffic issues, 264, 265, 266 Rogers-Rush communications, 306 West-East German relations, 371 Rush-Abrasimov-Falin-Kvitsinskiy Rush-Bahr meetings, 97, 141, 229 meetings, 281 Rush-Barzel meetings, 179, 220, 251, Pravda’s negative editorials on, 181 328 Rights/responsibilities, four power: Rush-Dean communications, 329 British position, 379, 381, 382 Rush-Falin meetings, 270, 281 French position, 379, 381, 382 Rush-Fessenden meetings, 315 Hillenbrand-Barzel meetings, 384 Rush-Haig communications, 266, 318 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 375, Rush-Hillenbrand communications, 379 210 Kissinger-Gromyko Rush-Kvitsinskiy meetings, 281 communications, 379 Rush’s assessments, 122, 196, 197, Kissinger-Gromyko meetings, 374 198, 199, 250 Kissinger-Hyland communications, Scheel’s assessments, 84 382 Senat/East German talks, 193, 223 Sonnenfeldt-Haig communications, Sonnenfeldt-Haig communications, 376 336 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 371, 381 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments: Rogers’ assessments, 73 Ambassadorial meetings, May 25, Rogers-Dobrynin meetings, 321 1971, 242 Rogers-Fessenden communications, Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel 315 negotiations, 170, 193, 222 Rogers-Gromyko meetings, 129 Brandt’s U.S. trip (proposed), 74 Rogers-Hillenbrand meetings, 118 Divergence of views from Western Rogers-Rush communications, 210, powers, 83 288, 289, 297, 301, 303, 306, 307, Kissinger-Bahr meetings 312 (proposed), 222 Rush-Abrasimov meetings, 114, 251, Kissinger-Pauls meetings 270, 281 (proposed), 146 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings: National Security Council’s Access/checkpoint issues, 264, 266 assessments, 125, 256 Agreement (tentative), 271, 274, Rights/responsibilities, four power, 275, 277 371, 381 Draft agreement, Soviet, 235 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 256, Draft of preamble, 261, 264 258, 269 Federal presence in Berlin, West Soviets’ diplomatic activity, 170 German, 264, 265, 266 Status report, 88, 135 Gromyko’s agreement with tactics, Western position, need for a, 65 266 Soviet offer for confidential meetings, Kissinger-Bahr communications, 231 249, 264, 275 Soviet presence in West Berlin: Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 262 Agreement (tentative), 271, 296 Kissinger-Rush communications, Ambassadorial meetings, August 236, 237, 238, 243, 247, 248, 10–12, 1971, 284, 286 263, 265, 266, 270, 271, 274, 277 Ambassadorial meetings, August Legal formula as to status, 235 16–18, 1971, 295, 296 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1119 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1119

Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Soviet presence in West Berlin— Traffic issues—Continued Continued Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 248, 249, Bahr’s draft revisions, 230 264, 265, 266 Bonn Group, 199 Rush-Hillenbrand communications, British position, 269, 272, 295 210 Comparing tentative agreement Rush’s assessments, 196, 198 with Western draft proposal, France (see also Four Power 311 talks/negotiations on Berlin; Decision Memorandum (NSC) 106, Pompidou, Georges), 7 216 Agriculture, 335 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Berlin, 10, 47 285 East Germany, relations with, 16, 57, Decision Memorandum (NSC) 136, 355, 383, 388 278 European Alliance, 14, 246 Draft agreement, Soviet, 201, 203 Four Power talks accepted, 54 Fessenden-Brower assessments, Kiesinger-Rush meetings, 22 316 National Security Council’s review of French position, 272, 295 French-German relations, 57 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 257 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16, 23, Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 252, 45 253 West Germany, relations with, 16, 57, Kissinger-Laird communications, 355 274 Frank, Paul, 96, 120, 146, 303 Kissinger-Rogers communications, Frankfurter Rundschau, 251 274 Freeman, John J., 135 Kissinger-Rush communications, 280 Gandhi, Indira, 23 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Geisel, Gen. Ernesto, 336 communications, 256, 258 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 92, 93, 150, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 254 154 North Atlantic Council, 246 German Democratic Republic (GDR) Rush-Abrasimov-Falin-Kvitsinskiy (see also Abrasimov, Pyotr A.; meetings, 281 Berlin; Four Power Rush-Abrasimov meetings, 270 talks/negotiations on Berlin; Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 274 Ostpolitik), 1 Rush-Falin meetings, 270 Christian Democratic Rush’s assessments, 198, 199, 250 Union/Christian Social Union Rush’s request for authorization to meeting in Berlin, 137 discuss topic, 272 Economic Commission for Europe, Senior Review Group (NSC), 349 August 6, 1971, 279 Federal Republic of Germany, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 269 relations with: Study Memorandum (NSC) 136, Allied probe on Berlin: a status 276, 278 report, 47 U.S. position, 199, 206, 260 Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel Soviets’ diplomatic activity, 170 negotiations, 371 Soviet-West German relations, 63 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 Sutterlin’s assessments, 191 Brandt, no-confidence motion Traffic issues, 148, 157, 162, 182, 183 submitted against, 357, 358 Ambassadorial meetings, May Economic issues, 40, 45, 49, 345 17–18, 1971, 239 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Dean’s assessments, 213 assessments by, 31 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1120 310-567/B428-S/11005

1120 Index

German Democratic Republic (GDR)— German Democratic Republic (GDR)— Continued Continued Federal Republic of Germany, U.S., relations with—Continued relations with—Continued United Nations, membership in Hillenbrand-Barzel meetings, 384 the, 369 International organizations/status, U.S. position, 340, 341 40, 41 Gerstenmaier, Eugen, 2 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 25 Gierek, Edward, 147, 183 National Security Council’s Gomulka, Wladislaw, 145, 147 assessments, 341, 349, 355, 369 Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew J., 34 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16 Gradl, Johann B., 69, 328, 329 Rogers’ European trip, 45 Greece, 40, 336 Rogers-Gromyko meetings, 25 Grewe, Wilhelm G., 128 Rush’s assessments, 43 Gromyko, Andrei, 19, 242, 321 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 343, Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 345, 371, 383 European alliance/unity, 68, 332, 338, Soviet position, 24, 343 374 Trade issues/policies, 40, 49 Four Power talks/negotiations on Treaty between East and West Berlin: Germany, 40, 383, 386, 387 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 United Nations, membership in Bahr, meetings with, 59, 68, 70, 84 the, 369 Beam, meetings with, 170 West German position, 39, 40 Brandt’s letter to three other Finland, relations with, 383 powers, 62 France, relations with, 16, 57, 355, Kissinger, communications with, 379 383, 388 Kissinger, meetings with, 374 India, relations with, 383 Linkage between Berlin settlement Politburo, dispute within the, 60 and treaty issues, 332, 333, 336 Social Democratic Party meeting in Nixon-Soviet leadership Berlin, 148 communications, 166 Soviet Union, relations with (see also Passport issues, 277 Four Power talks/negotiations Rights/responsibilities, four power, on Berlin; Ostpolitik), 1, 36, 335 374, 379 U.K., relations with, 383, 388 Rogers, meetings with, 25, 129 United Nations, membership in the: Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 263, 266 Brandt-Kissinger meetings, 373 Seydoux, meetings with, 170 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 373 Nixon, meetings with: Conference on the Human Four Power talks/negotiations on Environment, 349 Berlin, 129, 132, 159, 331, 332 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 373 Nixon-Brandt communications, 132 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 375, Ostpolitik, 129 379 Ostpolitik: National Security Council’s Bahr, meetings with, 74, 79, 85, 91 assessments, 369 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 79 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Hillenbrand-Bahr meetings, 107 374 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 108 Soviet position, 371 Nixon, meetings with, 129 U.S. position, 371 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 354 U.S., relations with, 371 Sixth Session of the Seventh Supreme Kissinger’s assessments, 388 Soviet in Moscow, speech on National Security Council’s Berlin in, 21 assessments, 340, 341, 355, United Nations, German membership 369 in the, 373, 379 Rogers’ assessments, 340 West-East German relations, 25 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1121 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1121

Gromyko, Andrei—Continued Hillenbrand, Martin J., 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, West German-Soviet relations, 61, 68 43, 70, 81, 95, 188, 206, 260, 288, Guttenberg, Karl T.F., 89 304, 317, 348 Ambassador to Federal Republic of Haig, Alexander M., Jr., 6, 12, 18, 92, 97, Germany, appointment as, 337 126, 148, 162, 168, 230, 262, 304, Bahr’s U.S. visit (proposed), 312, 339 controversy over, 28 Berlin, 32, 47, 54 Berlin, 34 Brandt, no-confidence motion Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 submitted against, 358 East German-U.S. relations, 340, 355 East German-U.S. relations, 341 European alliance/unity, 49, 111 Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin, 58 Berlin: Agreement (tentative), 318 Ambassadorial meetings, Ambassadorial meetings, August November 17–18, 1970, 137 10–12, 1971, 284 Ambassadorial meetings, May Backchannel discussions between 17–18, 1971, 239, 240 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171 Bahr, meetings with, 107 Delaying the conclusion of an Barzel, meetings with, 384 agreement, 265, 266, 267 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 80 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Central Intelligence Agency’s 376 assessments, 146 Rush, communications with, 318, Decision Memorandum (NSC) 106, 326 216 Sonnenfeldt, communications with, Delaying the conclusion of an 376 agreement, 302 Soviet offer for confidential Dobrynin, meetings with, 170 meetings, 231 Fessenden, communications with, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 154 Ostpolitik, 55, 318, 345 Kissinger, communications with, Renunciation-of-force agreements, 302 56 Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, National Security Council’s 233 assessments, 175, 177, 278, 279 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the New York Times, coverage of, 149 Bundestag, 29 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Haldeman, H.R., 243, 302, 309, 317, 319, 376, 379, 382, 384 325, 337, 366, 378 Rogers, meetings with, 118 Hallstein, Walter, 128, 220, 383 Rush, communications with, 210 Halperin, David, 257 Rush’s assessments, 122 Harkort, Günther, 50 Senior Review Group (NSC), Harriman, W. Averell, 363 August 6, 1971, 279 Hassell, Kai-Uwe von, 7 Study Memorandum (NSC) 136, Healy, Denis, 335 278 Hearst’s (William R.) newspapers, 176, Sutterlin’s assessments, 191 181 Traffic issues, 210 Heath, Edward, 115, 145, 146, 153 French-German relations, 57 Heck, Bruno, 86, 179, 328, 329 Ostpolitik, 53 Heinemann, Gustav W., 17, 36, 368 Acheson’s statements to the Helms, Richard, 6, 12, 138, 285, 355, Washington Post, 143 373, 387 Bahr, meetings with, 107 Henderson, Nicholas, 382 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 79 Heubl, Franz, 372 Christian Democratic Union’s Heubner, Lee, 255 concerns, 72 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1122 310-567/B428-S/11005

1122 Index

Hillenbrand, Martin J.—Continued Israel (see also Middle East), 164, 335 Ostpolitik—Continued Italy, 372 Fessenden, communications with, Izvestia, 138, 353 154 Fessenden’s assessments, 51 Jackling, Roger W., 67, 272, 287, 291, Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 292, 329 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Japan, 23 communications, 146 Jedrychowski, Stefan, 137 National Security Council’s Johnpoll, Alexander C., 3, 20 assessments, 126 Johnson, Lyndon B., 14, 23, 69 New York Times, coverage of, 149 Johnson, U. Alexis, 34, 111, 118, 312, 355 Poland, 79, 147, 183 Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 6, 12 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 107, 343, Jurich, Anthony, 80, 81 362, 367 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 362 Karamessines, Thomas H., 146, 147 United Nations, German membership Kennedy, David M., 15, 126 in the, 371 Kennedy, Paul A., 16 Vietnam, 367 Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 111, 126, 146, West-East German relations, 384 150, 279, 337, 341 Hirschfeld, Thomas J., 111 Kevorkov, Venacheslav, 138 Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939), 1 Khrushchev, Nikita, 87, 138 Holzapfel, Hans, 14, 15, 16 Kiesinger, Kurt G., 69, 115 Honecker, Erich, 7, 60, 222, 232, 335, Berlin, 1 345 Bundesversammlung, 4, 13, 15 Hot line between Washington and Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 Bonn, 23, 44 Lodge, meetings with, 1 Hughes, Gen. James D., 228, 273 Nixon, meetings with: Hughes, Thomas L., 9 Bundesversammlung, 15 Hungary, 45 China, 23 Hupka, Herbert, 343 Czechoslovakia, Soviet invasion of, Hyland, William G., 18, 26, 35, 74, 106, 16 107, 111, 174, 279 East-West relations, 16 European alliance/unity, 109 Elections (1969), West German, 23 Four Power talks/negotiations on European alliance/unity, 14, 15, 16, Berlin, 114 22, 23 Ambassadorial meetings, French-German relations, 16 September 18–19, 1970, 117 Hot line between Washington and Assessments conveyed to Bonn, 23 Kissinger, 109, 157 Liberalization process, Soviets and Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel the, 16 negotiations, 157 Mediterranean, Soviet presence in Nixon-Soviet leadership the, 16 communications, 159 Middle East, 16 Rights/responsibilities, four power, Monetary stability, international, 382 14, 16 Ostpolitik, 109, 124 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 14 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 109 15, 16 India, 23, 335, 383 Oder-Neisse Line, 23 Indonesia, 336 Reunification, German, 16 International Olympic Committee Romania, 23 (IOC), 40 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 16, Irwin, John, 120, 126, 147, 177, 276, 297, 22, 23 304, 333 Trade issues/policies, 16 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1123 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1123

Kiesinger, Kurt G.—Continued Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Nixon, meetings with—Continued Brandt’s throat cancer, 387 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Brezhnev, meetings with: Europe, 16 Middle East, 373 U.S.-Soviet relations, 23 Moscow summit (proposed), 356 U.S.-West German relations, 15, 23 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Vietnam, 23 356 West German-Soviet relations, 22, Treaty of Moscow (1970), 356 23 United Nations, German Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 14 membership in the, 373 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Vietnam, 356, 373 15, 16 Bundesversammlung in West Ostpolitik, 170 Berlin: Rush, meetings with, 22 Change location, accused of trying Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 to, 2, 5 Tsarapkin, meetings with, 13 Dobrynin, communications with, 11 Vietnam, 23 Dobrynin, meetings with, 48 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the National Security Council’s Bundestag, 29 assessments, 6, 7 Kissinger, Henry A., 46, 79, 80, 105, 106, Nixon, communications with, 4, 7 113, 118, 127, 145, 148, 219, 330, Rogers, communications with, 4, 5 338, 339, 351, 381 Rogers’ assessments, 4 Bahr’s U.S. visit (proposed), Rogers-Dobrynin meetings, 8, 13 controversy over, 28 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 9 Berlin: Soviet-West German relations, 7 Access/checkpoint issues, 33 Tsarapkin, communications with, Allied probe on Berlin: a status 13 report, 47 Chinese-U.S. relations, 334 Contingency planning, review of, Christian Democratic 34 Union/Christian Social Union Dobrynin, meetings with, 17 meeting in Berlin, 137 Helms, communications with, 12 Coalition policies, new West German, Laird, communications with, 12 35 Military traffic (U.S.) over the Conference on Security and Autobahn to and from West Cooperation in Europe, 372 Berlin, 12 East German-U.S. relations, 340, 341, National Security Council’s 355, 388 assessments, 18 Economic issues, 370 Nixon, communications with, 26, Elections (1969), West German, 27 42 Elections (1971), West German, 195 Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 11 European alliance/unity, 109, 111, Nixon’s trip to West Berlin, 17 372, 374 Rogers, communications with, 12 Four Power talks/negotiations on Rogers’ assessments, 42 Berlin: Soviet response to Western proposal Abrasimov’s private negotiation of December 16, 1969, 54 channels, 207, 208, 210, 211, State Department (U.S.) and White 212, 214, 217, 221, 226, 227 House, confusion between, 32 Access/checkpoint issues, 185, 188, Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25, 37 189, 194, 197, 208, 219, 224, Brandt, meetings with, 257, 373 280, 282, 290, 292, 298 Brandt, no-confidence motion Acrimonious discussions between submitted against, 357, 358 Soviet-British-French Brandt elected as Chancellor, 38, 39 ambassadors, 291 Brandt’s review of global affairs, 255 Agreement (final), 329, 349, 368 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1124 310-567/B428-S/11005

1124 Index

Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Agreement (tentative), 271, 274, Dobrynin, communications with, 275, 277, 281, 294, 298, 299, 201, 207, 230, 300, 302, 321 300, 302, 304, 308, 309, 310, Dobrynin, meetings with, 48, 152, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326 160, 165, 168, 178, 180, 183, Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 185, 189, 194, 197, 204, 208, Ambassadorial meetings, 211, 215, 226, 228, 243, 252, November 17–18, 1970, 137 253, 262, 273, 375, 379 Ambassadorial meetings, January Draft agreement, Soviet, 201, 203, 19, 1971, 170 204, 208, 210, 215, 224, 234, 235 Ambassadorial meetings, February Draft agreement, Western, 170, 180, 9, 1971, 174 188, 189 Ambassadorial meetings, March 27, Draft of preamble, 261 1971, 209 Ehmke, meetings with, 151 Ambassadorial meetings, May 7, Federal presence in Berlin, West 1971, 222 German, 174, 180, 183, 184, Ambassadorial meetings, August 188, 194, 197, 208, 210, 211, 10–12, 1971, 284, 287 215, 219, 224, 253, 267 Assessments conveyed to Nixon, Gromyko, communications with, 63, 66, 101, 153, 158 379 Backchannel discussions between Gromyko, meetings with, 374 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171, Hillenbrand, communications with, 172, 183, 187 302 Bahr, communications with, 102, Hyland’s assessments, 109, 157 168, 215, 249, 264, 265, 275, Laird, communications with, 274 308, 349 Legal formula as to status, 226, Bahr, meetings with, 224, 226, 247 227, 228, 230 Bahr, meetings with (proposed), Linkage between Berlin settlement 222 and treaty issues, 93, 332, 333 Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel Mitchell, meetings with, 317 negotiations, 210, 267 National Security Council’s Bahr leaking information, 243 assessments, 131, 136, 139, 156, Barzel, meetings with, 115, 219 175, 177, 216, 225, 278, 279, Berlin, 63 283, 285 Birrenbach, communications with, New York Times, coverage of, 149 189 Nixon, communications with, 58, Brandt and Barzel, rift between, 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 217, 228, 249, 189 265, 309, 310 Brandt’s closed cabinet session, 96 Nixon, meetings with, 186, 243, Brandt’s letter to three other 245, 253 powers, 62 Nixon-Bahr communications, 236, Brandt-Stoph talks (proposed), 63 237, 238 Comparing tentative agreement Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218 with Western draft proposal, Nixon-Brandt communications, 153 311, 314 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 254 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 106, Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 129 216, 225 Nixon-Rush meetings, 324, 325 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Nixon-Soviet leadership 283, 285 communications, 159, 160, 166 Delaying the conclusion of an Nixon’s reply to Brandt’s letter to agreement, 262, 265, 267, 302, the three other powers, 64 304, 309, 317 Passport issues, 281, 290 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1125 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1125

Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Middle East, 372 Berlin—Continued Nixon, meetings with, 186, 243, 245, Pauls, meetings with (proposed), 253 146 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 81 Polish-West German relations (see Nixon-Pauls meetings, 5 also Treaty of Warsaw below), Non-Proliferation Treaty, 17, 36 63 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Rights/responsibilities, four power, 36, 100 374, 375, 379, 381, 382 Oder-Neisse Line, 52, 63, 74 Rogers, communications with, 274, Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings 304, 309, 319 below): Rogers’ assessments, 73 Acheson’s statements to the Rogers-Gromyko meetings, 129 Washington Post, 143, 146 Rush, communications with, 180, Assessments conveyed to Nixon, 203, 204, 207, 210, 211, 212, 101 214, 217, 221, 227, 228, 234, Bahr, communications with, 85, 102 236, 237, 243, 248, 263, 265, Bahr, meetings with, 76, 108 266, 267, 270, 271, 274, 277, Bahr, meetings with (proposed), 222 280, 281, 282, 290, 294, 299, Bahr’s assessments, 134 302, 308, 320, 329 Barzel, meetings with, 115 Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 236, 237, Brandt-Stoph communications, 74, 238, 243, 247, 248, 249, 262, 96 263, 264, 265, 266, 270, 271, Central Intelligence Agency’s 274, 275, 277 assessments, 146 Rush-Haig communications, 266 Common Market, 78 Rush’s assessments, 196, 198 Ehmke, meetings with, 151 Schmidt, meetings with, 370 Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (proposed), Senior Review Group (NSC), 150 February 10, 1971, 177 Ellsworth’s assessments, 97 Senior Review Group (NSC), Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 74 August 6, 1971, 279 Hyland’s assessments, 109 Sonnenfeldt, communications with, McCloy, meetings with, 133 102, 146, 184, 188, 298, 326 National Security Council’s Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 65, 74, assessments, 111, 126, 131, 136 83, 88, 125, 135, 146, 170, 193, New York Times, coverage of, 149 222, 242, 248, 256, 269, 371, 381 Nixon, communications with, 71, Soviet offer for confidential 78, 140 meetings, 231 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 252, Nixon-Brandt communications, 112 253, 256, 257, 258, 269, 274, 280 Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), Soviet-West German relations, 63 77 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), 159 99, 100 Strauss, meetings with, 124 Nixon-Schroeder meetings, 125 Study Memorandum (NSC) 136, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 278 100 Sutterlin’s assessments, 191 Offset and budget support, 78 Traffic issues, 162, 182, 183 Poland, price increases and worker Vorontsov, meetings with, 217 protests in, 147 West German-East German Sonnenfeldt, communications with, relations, 63 102, 146 French-German relations, 57 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 55, 71, Korea, 6 75, 88, 125, 150 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1126 310-567/B428-S/11005

1126 Index

Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Kissinger, Henry A.—Continued Ostpolitik—Continued Treaty of Moscow (1970)—Continued Sonnenfeldt’s European trip, 89 Opposition leaders drop objections Strauss, communications with, 102 to, 368 Strauss, meetings with, 124, 146 Pauls, meetings with, 365 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 56 Ratification, final, 368 Romania, trip to, 23 Rush, communications with, 366 Schmidt, meetings with, 370 Schmidt, meetings with, 370 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 89, 128 Sonnenfeldt, communications with, Soviet-U.S. relations (see also 102, 103, 146, 347 Brezhnev, meetings with above), Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 345, 354 37, 152 Strauss, meetings with, 124, 146 Bahr, communications with, 330 Vietnam linked to, 350, 354, 367, Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 330, 331 368 Moscow summit (proposed), 273, Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 137, 163, 294, 346, 368 339 Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), Bahr, communications with, 352 334 Bahr, meetings with, 348, 353 Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 37 Bahr, meetings with (proposed), Rush, communications with, 280 345 Soviet-West German relations, 36, 44, Barzel, meetings with, 115, 219 50, 68 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 159 359, 363 Bahr, meetings with, 108 Dobrynin, communications with, National Security Council’s 367 assessments, 111 Dobrynin, meetings with, 360, 368 Nixon, communications with, 78 Lednev, meetings with, 353 Nixon, meetings with, 243 Nixon, communications with, 338, Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 37, 228 352 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 23 Nixon, meetings with, 354, 368 Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), Opposition leaders drop objections 100 to, 368 Rush, communications with, 241 Ratification, final, 368 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 104 Rush, communications with, 366 Bahr, communications with, 330, Sonnenfeldt, communications with, 352 347 Bahr, meetings with, 348, 353 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 354 Bahr, meetings with (proposed), Vietnam linked to, 350, 354, 367, 345 368 Bahr-Lednev meetings, 353 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, Barzel, meetings with, 115, 219 36, 78, 108 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Ulbricht’s resignation, 232 359, 363 United Nations, German membership Brezhnev, meetings with, 356 in the, 371, 373, 375, 379 Bundesrat in West Germany votes Vietnam, 350, 352, 354, 356, 365, 370, against, 345 373 Dobrynin, communications with, Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the 367 Bundestag, 29, 31, 36 Dobrynin, meetings with, 350, 360, West-East German relations, 25, 343, 368 383, 386 Haig, communications with, 318 Klein, David, 114, 207, 212, 213, 293, Nixon, communications with, 113, 295, 301, 323, 327 338, 352 Klosson, Michael, 24 Nixon, meetings with, 354, 368 Knowles, Richard T., 279 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1127 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1127

Kohl, Michael (see also Bahr-Kohl Meyer, Cord, Jr., 150 (Michael) parallel negotiations Middelmann, Helmut, 79 under Four Power Middle East, 6, 115, 171 talks/negotiations on Berlin), 115, Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 335 344, 358, 371 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 373 Konnerer, Hermann, 115 Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 372 Korea, 6 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 Kornienko, Georgi M., 10 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16 Kosygin Alexei N., 89, 105, 170, 331, 335 Military issues (see also Non- Berlin, 19 Proliferation Treaty; North Atlantic Ostpolitik, 108, 113, 146, 181 Treaty Organization; Treaty of Kozyrev, Semen P., 21, 47, 54 Moscow; Treaty of Warsaw): Kraemer, Fritz, 13, 170 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 Kreisky, Bruno, 372 Ballistic missiles, 23, 360 Kusterer, Hermann, 23 Greece, West Germany building Kuznetsov, Vasili V., 19 submarines for, 40 Kvitsinskiy, Yuli A., 207, 261, 263, 267, Military traffic (US) over the 272, 281, 295, 323, 329 Autobahn to and from West Berlin, 12 Lahn, Lothar, 79 Nixon Doctrine, 128 Lahusen, Carl, 80, 81 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 39, Laird, Melvin R., 6, 12, 45, 80, 81, 337 137 Four Power talks/negotiations on Brandt’s closed cabinet session, 96 Berlin, 126, 149, 225, 274, 285 Brandt upgrades negotiations with Ostpolitik, 30, 149, 161 Soviets, 50 Laos, 171 Christian Democratic Union’s Leber, Georg, 150, 370 attempts to unseat Brandt, 86 Lednev, Valery, 138, 353, 354 Declaration of European Lee, Vice Adm. John M., 111 Communist (1967), 18 Legislation, U.S.: Kissinger-Bahr communications, 56 Mansfield Resolution, 240 Nixon-Brandt communications, 44 Trade Expansion Act of 1962, 140 Rush-Bahr meetings, 97 Lesh, Donald R., 7, 12 Rush’s assessments, 43 Liechtenstein, 107 Sonnenfeldt’s European trip, 89 Lincoln, George A., 6, 57, 126 Treaty, Brandt and Kosygin sign a, Livingston, Robert G., 345, 370, 371 113 Lodge, Henry C., 1, 2, 3 West German position, 40 Lord, Winston, 115, 127, 132, 385 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe: Luebke, Heinrich, 17 Dean’s assessments, 94 Lustig, René, 329 Hyland’s assessments, 109 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 108 Mansfield, Michael, 16, 240 Mansfield Resolution, 240 Marx, Werner, 328, 329 Mutual and balanced force McCloskey, Robert, 368 reductions, 16, 78, 109, 110, McCloy, John J., 133, 140, 149, 319, 338, 240, 331, 335, 336, 337 363 National Security Council’s McConnell, Gen. John P., 6 assessments, 36, 111, 126 McDonough, Col. Joseph C., 6 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 McGovern, George, 370, 384 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16 McManis, Dave, 43, 68, 168 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Mediterranean, Soviet presence in the, 78 16 Nixon-Rush meetings, 337 Mendershausen, Horst, 213 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Messmer, Pierre, 370 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1128 310-567/B428-S/11005

1128 Index

Mills, Wilbur D., 140 National Security Council (NSC)— Mischnick, Wolfgang, 358 Continued Mitchell, John N., 111, 168, 171, 317, Meetings—Continued 329, 337 Senior Review Group, April 5, Mitchell, Martha, 329 1971, 216 Mitterrand, Francois, 372 Senior Review Group, August 6, Moersch, Karl, 154 1971, 279, 283 Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 111, 126, 285 Senior Review Group, April 26, Morris, Brewster H., 2, 122, 191, 260 1972, 355 Morse, John, 111 Senior Review Group, September Mosbacher, Emil, Jr., 5, 79, 254 25, 1972, 383 Muromcew, Cyril, 214 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 6, 18 Muskie, Edmund S., 146, 150 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 36, 89, 126 National Security Council (NSC): Ostpolitik, 45, 49, 71, 111, 125, 126, Action Memorandums: 131, 136, 139, 156 109, 34 Rogers’ European trip, 45 Berlin, 18, 34 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 111, Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, 176 6, 7 Study Memorandums: Decision Memorandums: 83, 49, 109, 111, 126 91, 131, 136, 146, 150, 156, 175, 176, 84, 36, 89 303 111, 49, 153, 156, 175, 176, 191 106, 216, 225, 256, 260, 270, 298, 136, 276, 278 303, 304, 306, 315, 316 146, 340, 341, 355, 383 125, 283, 285, 315, 316 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, 136, 278 36, 111, 126 East German-U.S. relations, 340, 341, Vietnam, 366 355, 369 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the European alliance/unity, 49, 109, 111 Bundestag, 29 Four Power talks/negotiations on West-East German relations, 341, 349, Berlin, 111, 125, 126, 131, 136, 355, 369 139, 176, 216, 279 Nelson, James C., 79 Decision Memorandum 106, 216, Neo-Nazi activities, 196, 243 225, 256, 260, 270, 298 Netherlands, 336 Decision Memorandum 125, 283, Neues Deutschland, 7, 329 285 Newlin, William, 80, 81 Decision Memorandum 136, 278 New York Times, 46, 120, 149, 150, 151, Senior Review Group, February 10, 154, 161, 358 1971, 177 Nguyen Van Thieu, 23 Senior Review Group, August 6, Nine-Power Conference (1954), 68 1971, 279 Nixon, Richard M., 269, 300 Study Memorandum 111, 49, 153, Bahr’s U.S. visit (proposed), 156, 175, 176 controversy over, 28 Study Memorandum 136, 276, Barzel, meetings with: 278 Four Power talks/negotiations on French-German relations, 57, 355 Berlin, 218, 220 Meetings: Ostpolitik, 218, 220 February 4, 1969, 6 Rush-Barzel meetings, 220 Interdepartmental Group on Treaty of Moscow (1970), 338 Europe, 278, 355, 383 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 338 Senior Review Group, 386 Berlin: Senior Review Group, February 10, Access/checkpoint issues, 33 1971, 176, 177, 191 Dobrynin, meetings with, 11 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1129 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1129

Nixon, Richard M.—Continued Nixon, Richard M.—Continued Berlin—Continued Brandt, meetings with—Continued Kissinger, communications with, Soviet-U.S. relations, 335 26, 42 Soviet-West German relations, Kosygin, communications with, 335 19 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 81, Military traffic (US) over the 336 Autobahn to and from West Trade issues/policies, 335 Berlin, 12 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 335, 336, Rogers’ assessments, 42 337 Trip to West Berlin, 17 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 336, 337 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 37 Vietnam, 336 Brandt, communications with: Brandt, no-confidence motion Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 331 submitted against, 357, 358 Chinese-U.S. relations, 331 Brandt elected as Chancellor, 38, 39 Conference on Security and Brandt’s throat cancer, 387 Cooperation in Europe, 44 Bundesversammlung in West Berlin: European trip, Nixon’s, 127 Kiesinger, meetings with, 15 Four Power talks/negotiations on Kissinger, communications with, 4, Berlin, 64, 70, 127, 132, 153, 7 158, 329 National Security Council’s Gromyko, communications with, assessments, 6, 7 132 Pauls, meetings with, 5 Ostpolitik, 112 Rogers’ assessments, 4 Renunciation-of-force agreements, Rogers-Dobrynin meetings, 8 44 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 9 Soviet-West German relations, 44 Soviet-West German relations, 7 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Travel restrictions to West Berlin, 38 East German, 7 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 104, 105, West German position, 13 127, 331 Chinese-U.S. relations, 334, 336 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 145, 146, Christian Democratic Union, 90 153, 158 Dobrynin, meetings with: Brandt, meetings with: Four Power talks/negotiations on Argentina, 336 Berlin, 160 Brazil, 336 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 11 Chinese-U.S. relations, 331, 336 Soviet-U.S. relations, 37 Cuba, 336 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 37 European alliance/unity, 81, 335, Vietnam, 37 336 East German-U.S. relations, 369, 388 Four Power talks/negotiations on Economic issues, 334, 335, 370 Berlin, 254 Elections (1969), West German, 27 Global affairs, Brandt’s review of, Elections (1971), West German, 195 255 Election victory over George Middle East, 335 McGovern, 384 Mutual and balanced force Europe, trip to, 127, 128 reductions in Europe, 335, European alliance/unity, 15, 16, 23, 337 45, 81, 140, 332, 334, 335, 336 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Four Power talks/negotiations on 39, 331, 335 Berlin: Ostpolitik, 81, 254 Abrasimov’s private negotiation Poland, 145, 153 channels, 207, 217 Soviet-East German relations, Agreement (final), 329, 331, 332, 335 368 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1130 310-567/B428-S/11005

1130 Index

Nixon, Richard M.—Continued Nixon, Richard M.—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Gromyko, meetings with—Continued Berlin—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Agreement (tentative), 294, 310, Berlin, 129, 132, 159, 331, 332 322, 324, 325 Ostpolitik, 129 Bahr, communications with, 236, Kiesinger, meetings with: 237, 238 Bundesversammlung in West Bahr leaking information, 243 Berlin, 15 Brandt, communications with, 70, China, 23 127, 132, 153, 158, 329 Czechoslovakia, Soviet invasion of, Brandt’s closed cabinet session, 16 96 East-West relations, 16 Brandt’s letter to the three other Elections (1969), West German, powers, 62, 64 23 Brandt-Stoph communications, 66 European alliance/unity, 14, 15, 16, Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, 23 283 French-German relations, 16 Delaying the conclusion of an Hot line between Washington and agreement, 265, 309 Bonn, 23 Dobrynin, meetings with, 160 Liberalization process, Soviets and Federal presence in Berlin, West the, 16 German, 218, 254 Mediterranean, Soviet presence in Kissinger, communications with, the, 16 58, 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 217, 228, Middle East, 16 249, 265, 309, 310 Monetary stability, international, Kissinger, meetings with, 186, 245, 14, 16 253 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 14 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 257 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 183 15, 16 Kissinger’s assessments, 63, 101, Oder-Neisse Line, 23 153, 158, 166 Reunification, German, 16 Legal formula as to status, 228 Romania, 23 Linkage between Berlin settlement Soviet-U.S. relations, 23 and treaty issues, 336 Soviet-West German relations, 23 McCloy/Dewey/Clay/Acheson, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 16, meetings with, 140 23 National Security Council’s Trade issues/policies, 16 assessments, 126, 283 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Reply to Brandt’s letter to three Europe, 16 other powers, 64 Vietnam, 23 Rogers’ assessments, 73 West German-U.S. relations, 15, 23 Rush, meetings with, 324, 325, Kissinger, meetings with, 186, 243, 327 245, 253 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 65, 74, Kosygin, communications with, 19 88, 125 Lodge’s assessments of Soviet- Soviet leadership, communications German relations, 1 with, 159, 160, 166 Lodge transferred to Vietnam, 2 Soviet offer for confidential McCloy/Dewey/Clay/Acheson, meetings, 231 meetings with, 140 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 254, McGovern, election victory over, 272 384 French-German relations, 57 Middle East, 16, 335 Gromyko, meetings with: Nixon Doctrine, 128 European alliance/unity, 332 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 11, 14, 19 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1131 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1131

Nixon, Richard M.—Continued Nixon, Richard M.—Continued North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Treaty of Moscow (1970)—Continued 5, 15, 16, 100, 125, 335 Brezhnev, communications with, Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings 346 below): Kissinger, communications with, Barzel, meetings with, 218, 220 113, 338, 352 Brandt, communications with, 112 Kissinger, meetings with, 354, 368 Brandt, meetings with, 81, 254 Rush, meetings with, 337 Brandt, meetings with (proposed), Vietnam linked to, 350, 352, 354, 77, 78, 334 367 Central Intelligence Agency’s Treaty of Warsaw (1970): assessments, 146 Brandt, communications with, 145, Gromyko, meetings with, 129 146, 153, 158 Kissinger, communications with, Brandt, meetings with, 336, 337 71, 78, 140 Brezhnev, communications with, Kissinger’s assessments, 63, 74, 101 346 National Security Council’s Kissinger, communications with, assessments, 126 137, 338, 352 Pompidou, meetings with, 57 Kissinger, meetings with, 354, 368 Rogers, communications with, 99 Vietnam linked to, 350, 352, 354, Rogers’s assessments, 65 367 Scheel, meetings with (proposed), Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, 99, 100 16, 78, 335, 337 Schroeder, meetings with, 125 Ulbricht’s resignation, 232 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 71, 88 Vietnam, 23, 37, 336, 354, 365, 366, West German-U.S. relations, 46 367, 368 Pauls, meetings with, 5 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Renunciation-of-force agreements, 44 Bundestag, 31 Rogers’s European trip, 45 West-East German relations, 386 Rush, meetings with, 324, 325, 327, Noebel, Hans, 79, 80, 81 337 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): Schroeder, meetings with, 125 Brandt’s assessments, 39 Southeast Asia, trip to, 16 Coalition policies, new West German, Soviet-U.S. relations: 35 Brandt, meetings with (proposed), Dobrynin-Kissinger meetings, 17 334 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 36 Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 331 National Security Council’s Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356 assessments, 6, 18 Dobrynin, meetings with, 37 Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 11 Moscow summit (actual), 369 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 14 Moscow summit (proposed), 294, Nixon-Kosygin communications, 19 336, 364, 368 Soviet-West German relations, 7 Rogers, communications with, 364 Norden, Albert, 60 Soviet-West German relations, 44, 50 North Atlantic Council (NAC), 246, 331, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 16, 349 23, 37, 38, 78, 81, 100, 243, 336 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Strauss, meetings with, 124, 335, 345 (NATO): Trade issues/policies, 16, 335 Allied probe on Berlin: a status Treaty of Moscow (1970): report, 47 Barzel, meetings with, 338 Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 331 Brandt, communications with, 104, Brandt-Rush meetings, 39 105, 127, 331 Burden of maintaining, sharing the: Brandt, meetings with, 335, 336, National Security Council’s 337 assessments, 126 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1132 310-567/B428-S/11005

1132 Index

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Ostpolitik—Continued (NATO)—Continued Central Intelligence Agency’s Burden of maintaining, sharing the— assessments, 46, 150, 155, 164 Continued Christian Democratic Union’s Nixon’s statements, 125 concerns, 72, 86, 102 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Common Market, 78 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 125 Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 Dean’s assessments, 94, 213, 344 Central Intelligence Agency’s Ehmke’s U.S. trip (actual), 155 assessments, 146 Ehmke’s U.S. trip (proposed), 150 Dean’s assessments, 94 Ellsworth’s assessments, 97 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 36 Fessenden-Sahm meetings, 154 Lodge’s assessments, 1 Fessenden’s assessments, 51 National Security Council’s Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 74, 79, 85, 91 assessments, 36, 89, 126 Hillenbrand-Bahr meetings, 107 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 Hillenbrand-Fessenden Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 15, 16 communications, 154 Nixon-Pauls meetings, 5 Hillenbrand’s assessments, 53 Ostpolitik: Hyland’s assessments, 109 Christian Democratic Union’s Irwin-Ehmke meetings, 120 concerns, 72 Kiesinger’s attacks on, 170 Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 85, Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 76 102 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 76, 108 communications, 146 Kissinger-Bahr meetings (proposed), Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), 222 100 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115 U.S. position, 123 Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 Rush-Bahr meetings, 142 Kissinger-McCloy meetings, 133 Norway, 343 Kissinger’s assessments, 63, 74, 101 NSC. See National Security Council. Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Nutter, G. Warren, 79 communications, 102, 146 Kissinger-Strauss communications, Obst, Harry, 23 102 Oder-Neisse Line. See under Poland. Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 124, 146 Olympic Games, 365, 372 Laird-Schmidt meetings, 161 Oncken, Dirk, 46, 52 Linkage between Berlin settlement Osterheld, Horst, 15, 16, 29 and, 93, 101, 246, 332, 333, 335, Ostpolitik (see also Oder-Neisse Line 336 under Poland; Treaty of Moscow; National Security Council’s Treaty of Warsaw): assessments, 45, 49, 71, 111, 125, Acheson’s statements to the 126, 131, 136, 139, 156 Washington Post, 143, 146, 150, New York Times, coverage of, 46, 149, 155 150, 151, 154, 161 Bahr’s assessments, 134, 164 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 218, 220 Bahr-Soviet officials, meetings Nixon-Brandt communications, 112 between, 138, 141 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 81, 254 Barzel’s assessments, 69, 86, 103, Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), 179 77, 78, 334 Brandt-Rush meetings, 119 Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 129 Brandt’s closed cabinet session, 96 Nixon-Kissinger communications, 71, Brandt-Stoph communications, 74, 96 78, 142 Brandt-Stoph meetings (proposed), 63 Nixon-Pompidou meetings, 57 Brandt’s U.S. trip, 79, 80 Nixon-Rogers communications, 99 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1133 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1133

Ostpolitik—Continued Pauls, Rolf F.—Continued Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), Ostpolitik—Continued 99, 100 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Nixon-Schroeder meetings, 125 communications, 146 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), 100 100 Opposition camps, 150 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 338, 348, Poland, price increases and worker 365 protests in, 147, 183 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 338, 348, Pompidou’s trip to Bonn, 91 365 Pravda’s negative editorials on, 181 Pedersen, Richard F., 15, 16, 49 Recognition of East Germany, legal, Podgorny, Nicolai V., 19 71, 128, 133, 213 Poland (see also Treaty of Warsaw), 16, Rogers’ assessments, 65 45, 49, 79 Rogers-Hillenbrand meetings, 118 Democratization, growing tendency Rogers-Scheel meetings, 100 of, 183 Rogers-Schmidt meetings, 79 Four Power talks/negotiations on Rogers’ trip to Europe, 45, 365 Berlin, 63, 222 Rush-Bahr meetings, 91 Gierek replaces Gomulka as leader, Rush-Barzel meetings, 179, 220 147 Rush’s assessments, 92 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 183 Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 Kissinger-Michalowski meetings, 52 Schmidt-Rogers meetings, 79 Oder-Neisse Line, 35, 52, 137 Social Democratic Party’s opposition Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 85 to, 150 Kissinger’s assessments, 63, 74 Sonnenfeldt-Guttenberg meetings, Nixon-Brandt communications, 89 145, 153 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 55, 71, 75, Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 23 88, 125, 150, 223, 345 Price increases, worker protests Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 89, 128 against, 147, 183 Soviets’ souring on, reports of, 174 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 44 Threats to, internal, 92 Riots and purge, 166 U.S. position, 123, 362 Washington Special Action Group, 147 U.S.-West German relations, 45, 46 Political issues (see also Berlin; Christian Warsaw Pact countries, debate within Democratic Union; Four Power the, 63 talks/negotiations; Ostpolitik; Washington Post, coverage of, 143, Renunciation-of-force agreements 146, 150, 155 under Military issues): West German position, 59 Ally of U.S., West Germany as a Packard, David, 111, 279 more independent, 43 Pakistan, 255, 335 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25, 37, Pauls, Rolf F., 15, 16, 20, 79, 80, 81, 107, 43, 44 108, 151, 348, 351, 370 Brandt, no-confidence motion Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, submitted against, 357, 358 5 Brandt elected as Chancellor, 38, 39 Four Power talks/negotiations on Bundestag convening in West Berlin, Berlin, 146, 224 Soviet protests over, 48 Nixon, meetings with, 5 Christian Social Union, 128, 137, 146, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 5 148, 328, 342, 380, 385 Ostpolitik: Coalition policies, new West German, Acheson’s statements to the 35, 82 Washington Post, 143, 146 Elections (1969), West German, 23, 27 Bahr’s comments on U.S. views, Elections (1970) in Hesse and 164 Bavaria, state, 133, 135 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1134 310-567/B428-S/11005

1134 Index

Political issues—Continued Rogers, William P.—Continued Elections (1971), West German, 195 Brandt, no-confidence motion Elections (1972) between Brandt and submitted against, 357, 358 Barzel, 378, 380, 385 Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, Free Democratic Party, 27, 30, 31, 35, 4, 6, 8, 13 55, 82, 92, 116, 347 Christian Democratic Union, 90 National Democratic Party, 1, 2, 27 Coalition policies, new West German, Politburo, dispute within the East 35 German, 60 East German-U.S. relations, 340, 341, Social Democratic Party, 27, 29, 30, 388 31, 35, 55, 77, 82, 116, 148, 150, European alliance/unity, 15, 45, 336 195, 347, 372, 385 Four Power talks/negotiations on Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Berlin, 64 Bundestag, 29, 30, 31, 36 Access/checkpoint issues, 306 West German Communist Party, 380 Agreement (tentative), 297, 299, Pompidou, Georges, 45 301, 303, 304, 306, 307, 309, Bonn, trip to, 264 312, 315, 316, 319, 321, 322, Brandt, communications with, 153 325, 326 European alliance/unity, 22, 335 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 Four Power talks/negotiations on Assessments conveyed to Nixon, Berlin, 119, 146, 153 73 Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 80 Market expansion, European, 335 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 106, Nixon, meetings with, 57 216, 225 Ostpolitik, 57, 91, 146, 153 Decision Memorandum (NSC) 125, Potsdam Agreement (1945), 63, 74, 79 285 Prague Conference (1972), 349 Delaying the conclusion of an Pravda, 181 agreement, 304, 309, 317 Protocol on Termination of the Dobrynin, meetings with, 321 Occupation Regime in Germany Draft agreement, Soviet, 210 (1954), 68, 76 Fessenden, communications with, Puhan, Alfred, 3, 5 315 German politicians visiting Quick, 372 Washington, 342 Gromyko, meetings with, 25, 129 Rapallo Treaty (1922), 1 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 118 Renunciation-of-force agreements. See Kissinger, communications with, under Military issues. 274, 304, 309, 319 Richardson, Elliot L., 23, 28, 32, 47, 54, Linkage between Berlin settlement 58, 79, 80, 81 and treaty issues, 246, 336 “Risks of Nuclear Proliferation: New National Security Council’s Directions in Arms Control and assessments, 126, 216, 225, 285 Disarmament” (Foster), 14 Nixon-Brandt communications, 70 Robert, Horst-Krafft, 79 Nixon-Gromyko meetings, 332 Roberts, Chalmers, 150 Nixon-Soviet leadership Roberts, Gen. Francis J., 279 communications, 166 Rodman, Peter, 353 Passport issues, 306 Rogers, William P., 6, 16, 20, 23, 29, 81, Rights/responsibilities, four power, 276 374 Bahr’s U.S. visit (proposed), Rush, communications with, 210, controversy over, 28 288, 289, 297, 301, 303, 306, Berlin, 12, 42, 47 307, 312 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 25 Rush, meetings with, 317 Brandt, meetings with, 20, 45 Scheel’s assessments, 84 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1135 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1135

Rogers, William P.—Continued Rush, Kenneth—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin—Continued Berlin—Continued Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 65 Acrimonious discussions between Soviet presence in West Berlin, 199, Soviet-British-French 206, 260, 272, 274 ambassadors, 291 Mediterranean, Soviet presence in Agreement (final), 328, 329 the, 16 Agreement (tentative), 271, 274, Ostpolitik, 45 275, 277, 281, 294, 296, 297, Acheson’s statements to the 299, 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, Washington Post, 143 308, 312, 313, 315, 318, 320, Assessments conveyed to Nixon, 324, 325, 326 65 Air corridors to Berlin closed, 121 Brandt’s U.S. trip, 79 Ambassadorial meetings, Bundesrat in West Germany votes December 11, 1970, 144 against, 342 Ambassadorial meetings, January Europe, trip to, 45, 365 19, 1971, 170 German politicians visiting Ambassadorial meetings, February Washington, 342 9, 1971, 174 Hillenbrand, meetings with, 118 Ambassadorial meetings, August Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 10-12, 1971, 284, 286 Nixon, communications with, 99 Ambassadorial meetings, August Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), 16-18, 1971, 295 99 Assessments conveyed to Scheel, meetings with, 100 Kissinger, 196, 198 Schmidt, meetings with, 79 Assessments conveyed to U.S. State Treaty of Moscow (1970), 65, 104, Department, 122, 199 105, 113, 362 Backchannel discussions between Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 362 Kissinger/Rush/Bahr, 171, Soviet-U.S. relations, 21, 364, 365 172, 183, 187 United Nations, German membership Bahr, meetings with, 97, 141, 229 in the, 371 Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel West-East German relations, 25, 35 negotiations, 210, 267 West German-U.S. relations, 45 Bahr-Rush relationship, Romania, 16, 23, 67, 132, 335, 336 development of the, 210 Ruete, Hans, 15, 16, 20 Bahr’s assessments, 67 Rush, Kenneth, 79, 80, 81, 213, 351, 355 Barzel, meetings with, 179, 220, Ally of U.S., West Germany as a 251, 328 more independent, 43 Barzel’s assessments conveyed to Berlin, 47 U.S. State Department, 69 Brandt, meetings with, 39, 119 Brandt, meetings with, 119 Brandt, no-confidence motion Brandt’s agreement with Allied submitted against, 358 approach, 229 Four Power talks/negotiations on Comparing tentative agreement Berlin (see also Rush-Bahr-Falin with Western draft proposal, meetings under Four Power 314 talks/negotiations on Berlin), 59 Dean, communications with, 329 Abrasimov, meetings with, 114, Dean’s assessments, 194 251, 281 Delaying the conclusion of an Abrasimov’s private negotiation agreement, 265, 266, 267, 317 channels, 207, 210, 211, 212, Draft agreement, Soviet, 201, 203, 214, 217, 221, 226, 227 204, 210, 222, 229, 230, 234, 235 Access/checkpoint issues, 264, 266, Draft agreement, Western, 173, 180 280, 282, 290, 295, 306 Draft of preamble, 261, 264 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1136 310-567/B428-S/11005

1136 Index

Rush, Kenneth—Continued Rush, Kenneth—Continued Four Power talks/negotiations on Ostpolitik—Continued Berlin—Continued Bahr, meetings with, 91 East German position, 130 Bahr-Soviet officials, meetings Fazio, meetings with, 168 between, 141 Federal presence in Berlin, West Barzel, meetings with, 179, 220 German, 183, 210, 241, 248, Barzel’s assessments, 69 249, 265, 266, 267 Brandt, meetings with, 119 Fessenden, meetings with, 315 Christian Democratic Union’s Fessenden’s assessments, 95 concerns, 72, 86 Haig, communications with, 266, Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 318 Dean’s assessments, 94 Kissinger, communications with, Hillenbrand’s assessments, 53 180, 203, 204, 207, 210, 211, National Security Council’s 212, 214, 217, 221, 227, 228, assessments, 126 234, 236, 237, 238, 243, 247, Strauss, meetings with, 82 248, 263, 265, 266, 267, 270, Politburo, dispute within the East 271, 274, 277, 280, 281, 282, German, 60 290, 294, 299, 302, 308, 320, 329 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 43, Kissinger-Bahr communications, 97 264, 275 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 178, Soviet-U.S. relations, 331 180, 183, 211, 262 Soviet-West German relations, 22, 68 Legal formula as to status, 227, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 22, 228, 235 241, 243 National Security Council’s Treaty of Moscow (1970): assessments, 126 Barzel, meetings with, 220, 251 Nixon, meetings with, 324, 325, 327 Dean’s assessments, 94 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 245, 253 Kissinger, communications with, 366 Nixon-Soviet leadership Nixon, meetings with, 337 communications, 166 Washington Special Action Group, Passport issues, 281, 290, 306 report to the, 348 Revisions to Soviet Draft Treaty of Warsaw (1970): agreement, 204 Barzel, meetings with, 251 Rogers, communications with, 210, Kissinger, communications with, 288, 289, 297, 301, 303, 306, 366 307, 312 Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, Rogers, meetings with, 317 82 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 198, Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the 199, 250, 258, 270, 272, 274, Bundestag, 30 280, 284, 296 West-East German relations, 31, 40, Tactics for the wrap-up 43 ambassadorial meetings, Rusk, Dean, 3, 254 270 Traffic issues, 198, 210, 265, 266 Sahm, Ulrich, 2, 51, 146, 151, 154, 161, Kiesinger, meetings with, 22 335 Nixon, meetings with, 324, 325, 327, Samuels, Nathaniel, 80, 81 337 Sauvagnargues, Jean, 191, 207, 222, 229, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 264, 272, 291 39, 82, 142 Scandinavia, 336 Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings Scheel, Walter, 43, 45, 68, 146, 315 below), 46 European alliance/unity, 336 Assessments conveyed to U.S. State Four Power talks/negotiations on Department, 92 Berlin, 84, 137 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1137 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1137

Scheel, Walter—Continued Sonnenfeldt, Helmut—Continued Ostpolitik: Four Power talks/negotiations on Kissinger-Strauss communications, Berlin—Continued 102 Agreement (tentative), 298, 326 Nixon, meetings with (proposed), Ambassadorial meetings, 99, 100 November 17–18, 1970, 137 Rogers, meetings with, 100 Ambassadorial meetings, February Rogers-Hillenbrand meetings, 118 9, 1971, 174 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 106, 354 Ambassadorial meetings, March 9, Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 137, 354 1971, 193 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 100 Ambassadorial meetings, March 27, Schiller, Karl, 370 1971, 209 Schiller, Wolf D., 79, 80, 81, 150 Ambassadorial meetings, May 7, Schmidt, Helmut, 30, 39, 80, 81, 334, 1971, 222 335 Assessments conveyed to Economic issues, 370 Kissinger, 83, 125, 135, 146, Ostpolitik, 30, 79, 161, 370 170, 193, 222, 242, 256, 258, Schmitt-Vockenhausen, Hermann, 150 269, 371, 381 Schroeder, Gerhard, 6, 69, 89, 115, 125, Assessments conveyed to Nixon, 146, 170, 329, 342, 358 65, 74, 88, 125 Schultz, George P., 370 Bahr-Kohl (Michael) parallel Schumann, Maurice, 84, 119, 242 negotiations, 170, 193, 222 Schütz, Klaus, 2, 115, 150, 154, 161, 170, Brandt and Barzel, rift between, 187 189 Schwarzmann, Hans, 79 Central Intelligence Agency’s Selden, Armistead, 279 assessments, 150 Semenov, Vladimir S., 7, 24, 233 Comparing tentative agreement Seydoux de Clausonne, Roger, 10, 170 with Western draft proposal, Shultz, George, 126 311 Siemens, 17 Draft agreement, Western, 173, 188, Singh, Swaran, 255 242 Skoug, Kenneth N., Jr., 32, 93, 107, 123, Federal presence in Berlin, West 297, 306, 315 German, 174, 184, 188 Sloss, Leon, 111 Kissinger, communications with, Smith, Gerard, 79, 108, 233 102, 146, 184, 188, 256, 258, Smith, K. Wayne, 111 298, 326 Soames, Christopher, 14 Kissinger-Bahr meetings Socialism, 372 (proposed), 222 Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 4, 7, 14, 15, 16, 18, Linkage between Berlin settlement 26, 29, 36, 58, 70, 80, 81, 95, 101, and treaty issues, 83, 93, 332, 111, 126, 206, 224, 257, 278, 348, 372 333 Berlin, 34, 54 National Security Council’s Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, assessments, 131, 136, 139, 176, 9 216 Christian Democratic Union, 90 Nixon-Brandt communications, 153 Coalition policies, new West German, Pravda’s negative editorials on, 181 35 Rights/responsibilities, four power, East German-U.S. relations, 371 371, 376, 381, 382 Elections (1972) between Brandt and Soviet presence in West Berlin, 256, Barzel, 380 258, 269 European alliance/unity, 128, 345 Study Memorandum (NSC) 111, 176 Four Power talks/negotiations on Traffic issues, 162 Berlin, 64 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Access/checkpoint issues, 188, 298 125, 128 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1138 310-567/B428-S/11005

1138 Index

Sonnenfeldt, Helmut—Continued Sonnenfeldt, Helmut—Continued Oder-Neisse Line, 52 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 339 Ostpolitik (see also Treaty listings Assessments conveyed to below), 46, 74 Kissinger, 163, 345, 354 Acheson’s statements to the Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Washington Post, 146 359 Assessments conveyed to Kissinger, communications with, Kissinger, 55, 75, 125, 150, 223, 347 345 Kissinger-Bahr meetings Assessments conveyed to Nixon, (proposed), 345 71, 88 Kissinger-Pauls meetings, 365 Bahr’s assessments, 134 Opposition leaders drop objections Barzel’s assessments, 103 to, 368 Central Intelligence Agency’s Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe, assessments, 150 128 Ehmke’s trip to U.S. (proposed), United Nations, German membership 150 in the, 371 Europe, trip to, 89, 128 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 85 Bundestag, 29 Guttenberg, meetings with, 89 West-East German relations, 343, 345, Kissinger, communications with, 371, 383 102, 146 Southeast Asia (see also China; Kissinger-Bahr communications, Vietnam), 67 102 Soviet Union (see also Abrasimov, Pyotr Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 76 A.; Brezhnev, Leonid I.; Dobrynin, Kissinger-Bahr meetings Anatoly F.; Four Power (proposed), 222 talks/negotiations on Berlin; Kissinger-Ehmke meetings, 151 Gromyko, Andrei; Ostpolitik): National Security Council’s Barzel’s trip to, 338 assessments, 131, 136 Berlin: New York Times, coverage of, 161 Access/checkpoint issues, 33 Opposition camps, 150 Allied probe on Berlin: a status Poland, price increases and worker report, 47 protests in, 147 Bundestag convening in West Pravda’s negative editorials on, Berlin, Soviet protests over, 48 181 Bundesversammlung in West Soviets’ souring on, reports of, 174 Berlin, 4, 7 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 56, Kissinger’s assessments, 26 89 National Security Council’s Soviet-West German relations, 44, 61 assessments, 18 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 113, 318, Nixon-Kissinger communications, 339 42 Assessments conveyed to Rogers’ assessments, 42 Kissinger, 345, 354 Settlement, suggestion of a, 19 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Tripartite aide mémoire to Soviets, 359 47 Bundesrat in West Germany votes Western proposal of December 16, against, 345 1969, response to, 54 Europe, trip to, 128 Bilateral or Four Power talks, 43, 44 Kissinger, communications with, China, relations with, 17, 220, 335 102, 103, 146, 347 European alliance/unity, 338 Kissinger-Bahr meetings Federal Republic of Germany, (proposed), 345 relations with: Kissinger-Pauls meetings, 365 Bahr’s Moscow trip (actual), 55 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1139 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1139

Soviet Union—Continued Soviet Union—Continued Federal Republic of Germany, U.S., relations with—Continued relations with—Continued Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 Bahr’s Moscow trip (proposed), 51 Nixon-Brandt meetings (proposed), Bilateral or Four Power talks, 43, 44 334 Brandt upgrades negotiations with Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 37 Soviets, 50 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 23 Bundesversammlung in West Nixon-McCloy/Dewey/Clay/ Berlin, 7 Acheson meetings, 140 Elections (1972) between Brandt Nixon-Rogers communications, 364 and Barzel, 378, 380 Rogers’ trip to Bonn, 365 Gromyko-Bahr meetings, 61, 68 Rusk-Acheson communications, Kiesinger-Rush meetings, 22 254 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 50 Vietnam, 367, 368 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 36 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Lodge’s assessments, 1 Bundestag, 29 New York Times, coverage of, 46 West-East German relations, 31, 41, Nixon-Brandt communications, 44 43, 343 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335 Spiro, Herbert J., 118 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 23 Spreti, Karl G. von, 78 Rogers’ European trip, 45 Staden, Berndt von, 128 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 61 Stans, Maurice H., 16, 335 Trade issues/policies, 40, 345 Starke, 86 Travel restrictions in Berlin, 7 Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 52, 374, 375 German Democratic Republic, Stoltenberg, Gerhard, 115, 219, 344 relations with (see also Four Stoph, Willi, 7, 51, 187 Power talks/negotiations on Four Power talks/negotiations on Berlin; Ostpolitik), 36, 335 Berlin, 63, 66, 70, 130 Mediterranean, the, 16 Ostpolitik, 74, 96 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 15, 16, 23 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), Poland, price increases and worker 9, 123 protests in, 147 Brandt’s trip to U.S., 80 Renunciation-of-force agreements, 39, Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356 40, 43, 56, 96 Dean’s assessments, 94 Social Democratic Party meeting in European alliance/unity, 110 Berlin, 148 Haig-Dobrynin meetings, 233 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 336 Kiesinger-Rush meetings, 22 Toon’s assessments, 11 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 108 Trade issues/policies, 335 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 228 United Nations, German membership Kissinger-Rush communications, 241 in the, 371 Kissinger’s assessments, 159 U.S., relations with: National Security Council’s Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 152, 331 assessments, 111, 176 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356 Nixon-Brandt communications, 38 Kissinger-Bahr communications, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 81, 336 330 Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 37 Kissinger-Rush communications, Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 16, 23 280 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Moscow summit (actual), 369 78 Moscow summit (proposed), 273, Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 243 294, 336, 364, 365, 368 Nixon-Scheel meetings (proposed), Mutual and balanced force 100 reductions in Europe, 78, 109, Rush-Bahr-Falin meetings, 243 110, 331, 335, 336 Semenov’s initiative, 233 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1140 310-567/B428-S/11005

1140 Index

Strauss, Franz J., 22, 69, 82, 102, 354 Treaty of Moscow (1970): Brandt, no-confidence motion Bahr-Lednev meetings, 353 submitted against, 358 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Conference on Security and 359, 362, 363 Cooperation in Europe, 372 Brandt, no-confidence motion Elections (1972) between Brandt and submitted against, 358 Barzel, 378 Brandt-Brezhnev meetings, 331 European alliance/unity, 372 Brandt-Heath communications, 146 Four Power talks/negotiations on Brandt-Kosygin communications, 181 Berlin, 124 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356 Middle East, 372 Bundesrat in West Germany votes Nixon, meetings with, 124, 335, 345 against, 339, 342, 343, 344, 345 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Christian Democratic Union’s 82 position, 318, 337 Ostpolitik: Dean-Bahr communications, 344 Dean-Barzel meetings, 116 Dean-Barzel meetings, 116, 220 Kissinger, meetings with, 124, Dean’s assessments, 94, 213, 344 146 Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt assessments by, 354 communications, 146 German politicians visiting Rush, meetings with, 82 Washington, 342 Rush’s assessments, 92 Hillenbrand-Bahr meetings, 107 Treaty of Moscow (1970), 124, 146, Hillenbrand’s assessments, 343, 362 368 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 330, Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 368 352 Sudan, 335 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 348, 353 Sutterlin, James S., 32, 40, 46, 47, 70, 79, Kissinger-Bahr meetings (proposed), 80, 81, 94, 95, 114, 116, 123, 154, 345 206, 210, 224, 257, 260, 276, 288, Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115, 219 312, 317, 362 Kissinger-Dobrynin communication, Four Power talks/negotiations on 367 Berlin: Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 350, Ambassadorial meetings, 360, 368 September 18–19, 1970, 117 Kissinger-Lednev meetings, 353 Ambassadorial meetings, Kissinger-Pauls meetings, 365 November 17–18, 1970, 137 Kissinger-Rush communications, 366 Dean’s assessments, 191, 213, Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 344 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Senior Review Group (NSC), communications, 102, 103, 146, August 6, 1971, 279 347 Soviet presence in West Berlin, 191, Kissinger-Strauss meetings, 124, 146 258 Linkage between Berlin settlement Ostpolitik, 77 and, 93, 101, 246, 332, 333, 335, Treaty of Moscow (1970), 344 336, 350, 352, 354, 367, 368 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 344 Media reports, 348 Swank, Emory C., 10, 25 Moscow summit (proposed), 364 Switzerland, 107 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 338 Syria, 335 Nixon-Brandt communications, 104, 105, 127, 331 Thomas, Joseph J., 79, 80, 81 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 335, 336 Time magazine, 146 Nixon-Brezhnev communications, Tito, Josip B., 127, 335 346 Toon, Malcolm, 11 Nixon-Kissinger communications, Tran Van Dong, 23 113, 338, 352 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1141 310-567/B428-S/11005

Index 1141

Treaty of Moscow (1970)—Continued Treaty of Warsaw (1970)—Continued Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 368 Kissinger-Rush communications, 366 Nixon-Rush meetings, 337 Kissinger-Sonnenfeldt Opposition leaders drop objections communications, 347 to, 368 Linkage between Berlin settlement Ratification, official, 368 and, 93, 101, 246, 332, 333, 335, Rogers’ assessments, 65 336, 350, 352, 354, 367, 368 Rogers-Hillenbrand meetings, 118 Media reports, 348 Rogers’ trip to Bonn, 365 Moscow summit (proposed), 364 Rush-Barzel meetings, 220, 251 Nixon-Barzel meetings, 338 Scheel’s assessments, 106 Nixon-Brandt communications, 145, Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 345, 354 146, 153, 158 Sonnenfeldt’s trip to Europe, 128 Nixon-Brandt meetings, 336, 337 Soviet position, 345 Nixon-Brezhnev communications, U.S. position, 362 346 Vietnam linked to, 350, 352, 354, 367, Nixon-Kissinger communications, 368 338, 352 Treaty of Rome (1954), 71, 128 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 354, 368 Treaty of Warsaw (1970), 137, 141 Opposition leaders drop objections Bahr-Lednev meetings, 353 to, 368 Bahr’s assessments, 141 Ratification, official, 368 Barzel’s request for U.S. assistance, Rogers’ trip to Bonn, 365 359, 362, 363 Rush-Barzel meetings, 251 Brandt, no-confidence motion Rush-Strauss meetings, 82 submitted against, 358 Sonnenfeldt’s assessments, 163, 345, Brandt-Heath communications, 153 354 Brandt-Kosygin communications, Soviet position, 345 146, 181 U.S. position, 362 Brandt-Pompidou communications, Vietnam linked to, 350, 352, 354, 367, 146, 153 368 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356 Trebesch, Rear Adm. Herbert, 79 Bundesrat in West Germany votes Troop (U.S.) commitment in Europe. See against, 339, 342, 345 under Military issues. Central Intelligence Agency’s Tsarapkin, Semen K., 7, 13, 43, 146, 181 assessments, 146 Christian Democratic Union’s Ulbricht, Walter, 13, 17, 62, 76, 115, 139, position, 337 222, 232, 234, 335 Dean’s assessments, 344 United Kingdom (see also Four Power Embassy (U.S.) in Germany, talks/negotiations; Ostpolitik), 7 assessments by, 354 Berlin, 47 German politicians visiting Bundesversammlung in West Berlin, Washington, 342 10 Hillenbrand’s assessments, 362 Caribbean, the, 335 Kissinger-Bahr communications, 352 European Economic Community, 354 Kissinger-Bahr meetings, 348, 353 German Democratic Republic, Kissinger-Bahr meetings (proposed), relations with, 383, 388 345 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 14 Kissinger-Barzel meetings, 115, 219 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Kissinger-Dobrynin communication, Bundestag, 29 367 United Nations (see also under Federal Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 350, Republic of Germany; German 360, 368 Democratic Republic), 25, 117, 219, Kissinger-Lednev meetings, 353 335 Kissinger-Pauls meetings, 365 Ussuri River, 17 References are to document numbers 1325_INDEX 11/30/07 1:16 PM Page 1142 310-567/B428-S/11005

1142 Index

Vasev, V.M., 10 Wagner, Leo, 328, 329 Vietnam, 255 Walters, Maj. Gen. Vernon, 57 Brezhnev-Kissinger meetings, 356, Warsaw Pact countries, 44, 349 373 Washington Post, 143, 146, 150, 155 Hanoi bombed/Haiphong harbor Washington Special Action Group mined, 367, 368 (WSAG), 34, 147, 151, 348 Kissinger-Schmidt meetings, 370 Watts, William, 70 Lodge transferred to, 2 Weber, Heinz, 15, 16, 80, 81 National Security Council’s Wehmeyer, Donald D., 213 assessments, 366 Wehner, Herbert, 82, 150, 154, 220, 251, Nixon-Brandt meetings, 336 358 Nixon-Dobrynin meetings, 37 Weizsäcker, Carl F. von, 39, 342 Nixon-Kiesinger meetings, 23 Well, Guther van, 7, 40, 64, 142, 257 Nixon-Kissinger communications, 365 Welles, Benjamin, 149 North Vietnamese invasion, 366 Welt am Sontag, 128 Paris Peace Talks, 2 Western European Union (WEU), 14, Treaty of Moscow (1970): 40 Brandt’s concern over U.S. West Germany. See Federal Republic of bombing of Hanoi/mining Germany. harbor at Haiphong, 367, 368 Westpolitik, 45 Hillenbrand disputes link between, Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 12 367 Wickam, Col. John, 111 Kissinger-Bahr communications, Wienand, Karl, 150 352 Wilson, Harold, 7, 10 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 350 Wischnewski, Hans-Jürgen, 29, 335 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 354 World Health Organization (WHO), Treaty of Warsaw (1970): 345, 349 Brandt’s concern over U.S. Wright, Marshall, 111 bombing of Hanoi/mining harbor at Haiphong, 367, 368 Yakubovsky, Ivan, 7, 9 Kissinger-Bahr communications, Young, David, 159 352 Young Socialists, 150 Kissinger-Dobrynin meetings, 350 Yugoslavia, 16, 335 Nixon-Kissinger meetings, 354 Vinogradov, Vladimir, 10 Zhukov, Yury, 121, 124 Volcker, Paul A., 16, 79, 80, 81 Ziegler, Ronald, 2, 15, 16, 76, 254, 368 Vorontsov, Yuli M., 159, 160, 174, 181, Zorin, Valerian A., 170, 230 217, 251 Voting rights of Berlin deputies in the Bundestag, 29, 30, 31, 36

References are to document numbers