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Appendix 1: NATO and Warsaw Pact Forces in Europe-Data Published by the Two Alliances

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Appendix 1: NATO and Warsaw Pact Forces in Europe-Data Published by the Two Alliances Appendix 1: NATO and Warsaw Pact Forces in Europe-Data Published by the Two Alliances NATO Estimates' WTO Estimate~ Type NATO WTO NATO WTO Personnel 2,213,593' 3,090,000 3,660,200 3,573, I OQd Combat aircraft 3,977• 8,250 7,130 7,876f Total strike aircraft NA NA 4,075 2,7831 Helicopters 2,419h 3,700 5,270 2,785i Tactical missile launchers NA NA 136 1,608 Tanks 16,424i 51,500 30,690 59,47Qk Anti-tank weapons 18,2401 44,200 18,070 11,465m Armored infantry fighting vehicles 4,153" 22,400 46,900 70,330P Artillery 14,458q 43,400 57,060 71,560' Other armored vehicles 35,351' 71,000 Armored vehicle launch bridges 454' 2,550 Air defense systems 10,309" 24,400 Submarines 200 228• Submarines-nuclear powered 76 80 Large surface ships 499 102'" Aircraft-carrying ships 15 2 Aircraft-carrying ships armed with cruise missiles 274 23 Amphibious warfare ships 84 24• Sources: • Conventional Forces in Europe: The Facts, November, 1988. b "Warsaw Pact Releases Figures on Force Strengths," Foreign Broadcast Information Service: Soviet Union, January 30, 1989, pp. 1-8. Notes for Data Published by the Alliances The following explanatory notes may be helpful to explain differences in the data presented by the two alliances caused by differences of definition: ' "Covers full-time military personnel of land forces, including Army personnel who perform ground-based air defence duties. Also included are 325 326 Meeting Gorbachev's Challenge command and general support troops and other ministry of defence troops. Paramilitary forces are excluded." d WTO definition: "Total of armed forces in Europe and adjoining waters." • Includes: F-16, F-4, F-5, NF-5, F-104, F-100, F-18, CF-18, F-Ill, F-35/RF-35, T-2E, A-7/TA-7, A-10, Alphajet, G-91, Buccaneer, Harrier, Jaguar, Mirage Fl/3/5, Tornado, F-15, Mirage 2000, Lightning, RF-4, TR- 1, C-212, PD808, EF-111, EC-130H, DC-8, Sarigue, C-160 Gabriel, RF-5, RF-16, RF-84, Hunter and Canberra for NATO. NATO has 530 combat aircraft in storage. MIG-15, MIG-17, MIG-21, MIG-23, MIG-25, MIG-27, MIG-29, MIG-31, SU-7, SU-15, SU-17, SU-22, SU-24, SU-25, SU-27, YAK-28, YAK-28P, L-29, L-39, IL-28, AN-12, TU-16, TU-22, TU-128 and TU- 22M for WTO. Also included is the TU-22M (Backfire) land-based naval aircraft. Excluded in the figures given are combat-capable training aircraft: 530 for NATO and 5,700 for WTO. r WTO classification: "Combat aircraft of front-line (tactical) Air Force aviation and Air Defense forces and naval aviation." Types include: fighter­ bombers (Buccaneer, Tornado, F-Ill, Mirage 5, F-4, F-15, F-16, F-18, Jaguar, Mirage III, F-104, Mirage 2000, F-100, F-35 Draken, F-5, F-84, and G-91), ground attack aircraft (A-7, A-10, Harrier, and Alphajet), fighters (F-16, Tornado, Mirage 2000, F-4, F-104, Mirage F-1, F-5), Air Defense Forces fighter-interceptors (Lightning), reconnaissance and electronic warfare aircraft (EF-111, RF-4, Tornado, Jaguar, Mirage F-IR, RF-5, Mirage IIIR, RF-16, Nimrod, Orion P-3, G-91, RF-104, RF-84, EC-130, DC-8, Canberra, and Shackleton), naval aviation (A-4, A-6, A-7, F/A-18, Sea Harrier, AV-8, Etendard, Super Etendard, F-4, Tornado, F-104, F-14, Crusader, ASW aircraft, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare planes), and combat support aircraft for NATO. Front-line bombers (Su-24), fighter-bombers (Su-22, Su-76, Su-17, MiG- 27), ground-attack aircraft (Su-25), fighters (MiG-29, MiG-23, MiG-21, Su-27), Air Defense forces fighter interceptors (MiG-31, MiG-25, Su-27, Su-15, Tu-128, Yak-28), reconnaissance and electronic warfare planes (MiG-25, MiG-21, Su-17, Su-24, Yak-28), naval aviation (Tu-16, Tu-22, Tu-142, 11-38, Be-12, Yak-38, Su-17, MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-29, Su-27) forWTO. 8 Includes: bombers, fighter-bombers, ground-attack aircraft within front­ line (tactical) Air Force aviation aircraft and naval aviation aircraft. h Includes: attack helicopters equipped with anti-tank guided missiles and machine guns and assault/transport helicopters. Not included in the given NATO figure are 180 helicopters held in storage. ' WTO definition: "Combat helicopters, including naval." Types include: gunships (Apache, Huey Cobra, Cobra-TOW, Bo-105P, Lynx, Mangusta, and Gazelle), multi-role (Iroquois, Black Hawk, Bo-105M, A1ouette, Lynx, AB-204, AB-205, AB-206 and AB-212), reconnaissance (Kaiowa, Gazelle, Alouette), assault transport and specialized (Puma, EH-IH, and EH-60), Navy helicopters (Sea King, Wessex, Lynx, Super Fre1on, Alouette, AB-212, Sea Cobra, Sea Stallion, Sea Hawk, and Iroquois) for NATO and gunship Appendix I 327 (Mi-24), assault transport (Mi-8), reconnaissance and force adjustment [razvedka i korrektirovka] (Mi-24 and Mi-8}, electronic warfare (Mi-8), and Navy helicopters (Ka-25, Ka-27, Ka-29, and Mi-14) for WTO. i Includes: Challenger, M-1, Leopard I and II, AMX-30, M-60, Chieftain, Centurion, M--47 and M--48 for NATO and T-80, T-72, T--62, T--64, T-55/54 and T-10/IOM for WTO. Not included in the given NATO figure are 5,800 tanks held in storage. k WTO definition: "All types of tanks with which the Warsaw Pact and NATO are equipped." 1 Includes vehicle mounted and non-vehicle mounted anti-tank guided missile launchers, anti-tank guns and recoilless rifles. Armored fighting vehicles and helicopters whose primary purpose is not anti-tank but which are equipped with anti-tank guided missiles are also covered. Not included in the figure are NATO's 2,700 anti-tank weapons held in storage. m WTO defines this category as: "Antitank missile complexes." Includes: "ATGM combat vehicles of frontline, army, divisional, and regimental echelon and portable systems of the battalion echelon" for WTO and "systems similar in terms of designation and characteristics" for NATO. • Includes: Marder, AMX-IOP, M-2 (Bradley) and YPR-765 (25 mm) for NATO and BMP-1/2 and BMDI for WTO. Not included in the given NATO figure are 575 AIFV held in storage. P WTO definition: "Infantry combat vehicles and armored transports"; includes "infantry combat vehicles, armored personnel carriers, combat assault vehicles, combat reconnaissance patrol vehicles, and combat reconnaissance vehicles," yet excludes light tanks from this category. q Includes: artillery, mortars, and multiple rocket launchers with tubes of 100 mm and above. Not included in the given figure are 2,870 artillery pieces held in storage. ' WTO includes much smaller armaments in the definition of this category: "Rocket propelled salvo-fired systems, field pieces (75 mm and above), and mortars (50 mm and above)." ' Includes: light tanks, armored personnel carriers, armored command vehicles and military support carriers that are not covered in the preceding category. Not included in the given figure are 7,560 Armored Vehicles held in storage. ' Includes assault bridges mounted as an integrated system on armored carriers. Not included in the given figure are 160 Armored Vehicle Launch Bridges held in storage. " Includes anti-aircraft artillery and fixed and mobile surface-to-air missiles. Not included in the given figure are 770 Air Defense Systems held in storage. v Excludes submarines armed with strategic ballistic missiles. w Includes aircraft carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, amphibious warfare ships with a displacement of 1,200 tons and over. • Includes those with a displacement of 1,200 tons and over. Appendix II: NATO and Warsaw Pact Forces in Europe-Data Published by the International Institute of Strategic Studies NATO guidelines Area (NGA)" Jaruzelski Aretf Atlantic to Urals Global NAT()< WP NAT()< WP NAT()< WP NAT()< WP w N 00 I. Land/Air Manpower (000) Total active ground forcesd 786 995 803 1,137 2,340 2,143 3,197 2,744 Total ground force reserves• 1,167 1,030 1,222 1,157 4,543 4,239 5,710 5,340 Divisionsr Manned in peacetime' 291 491 311 58 105! 1011 125 1271 Manned on mobilization of reservesh 101 12 121 14 36 113 54! 158 Total war mobilized 40! 611 44! 72 1411 2141 179! 2851 Ground Force Equipment; Main battle tanks 12,800 18,800 13,000 21,300 22,200 53,000 33,600 68,900 MICVi 4,400 8,700 4,400 9,800 6,200 23,600 9,900 31,400 Artillery (incl MRL)k 3,100 11,100 3,500 12,200 10,600 36,000 17,000 48,700 Mor (120 mm and over) 1,100 2,100 1,200 2,400 2,900 8,300 2,900 11,700 ATGW, ground-based' 6,200 2,650 6,300 3,100 11,000 13,700 28,300 22,400 AA gunsm 3,100 2,200 3,200 2,400 9,000 ll,OOO 9,900 14,100 SAMm 1,100 2,600 1,200 3,000 2,400 12,400 3,400 15,500 Armed heln 516 545 516 635 864 1,220 3,208 2,105 Land Combat Aircrafto BombersP 84 225 84 225 350 888 489 1,020 FGA/CAS 978 915 1,017 1,005 2,865 2,330 4,895 3,180 Air defencejfightersq 309 1,422 347 1,737 1,178 4,432 2,861 5,755 European/ Atlantic waters Global NATO WP NATO WP 2. Maritime Naval Forces Submarines' 206 190 241 272 Carriers' 15 2 22 4 Battleships/cruisers' 23 24 46 36 Destroyers/frigates' 327 193 435 257 Amphibious' 69 84 107 117 Naval Air" Bombers 286 400 433 899 Attack 188 } 290 Air defence/fighter 161 } 347 ASW fixed-wing ac 232 137 700 219 ASW hel 349 274 704 387 w N\0 Source: The International Institute of Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1988-1989 (London: IISS, 1988) pp.
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