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Rapa Nui Journal 2#3 Fall 1988 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 2 Article 1 Issue 3 Rapa Nui Journal, Fall 2988 1988 Rapa Nui Journal 2#3 Fall 1988 Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (1988) "Rapa Nui Journal 2#3 Fall 1988," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 2 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss3/1 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#3 Fall 1988 the premier source for current Easter Island events and scientific studies... Special Conservation and Preservation Issue ................................................................................................................................................... .•• ••·••••• g~6ig~~e~;~~~p .•••·.·.: On Other Islands... THE DESTRUCTION .. ··r;iihti~heflC&er.a[FditOr . .•.•• Hxliritiiv~~tlf~k~{· TROUBLE IN PARADISE WROUGHT .... ··············)(EdiiM>·..······ .. PROBLEMS IN POLYNESIAN ROCK ART BY TOURISM ka~·jJJij~J~~;i·~.~·i~~~~~ CONSERVATION ...••••··•••••• •••• A Preliminary Field Report J. Douglas Porteous • tulti~naliie~s1(ift.;.pUbiish~f •four 9mesaYear£6dheJ)eri~ from the 1988 Lana'i Rock Art Project In my bookThe Modernization o/EasterIsland fifoE those interestediliEaster This year's August-September project to rec­ · Island ari~rolYri~~Ul. ........•............ (porteous 1981), I note that academic interest in ord the rock art of Lana'i, Hawai'i specifically Rapanui has overwhelmingly concentrated upon ti~1~j;JJf6~~~~~7~:~4:n;::· .. focused on those sites most likely to be impacted archaeology and historical anthropology. Few by tourism. Atpresent, there is only a small ten seem interested in the recent history ofthe island, .~6~~:m~~t~{~f~1~~t:ri room hotel operating on the island; however, two or its current social, economic and political prob­ ··p~~lit@?ris;4ij(:i}~jat~rrta> large hotel complexes are scheduled to open next lems. The Pinochetregime, ofcourse, prefers this ... teHiilsare iliVitoo/We cinnot year. emphasis because archaeology is largely free of •.bE!resp(Msibl~fp~~rt#?1i~ited .. Threeofthe island's major rock art sites were ideology. itemsora,nythirigsubiriltted studied and documented. While work was in Yet at least one aspect ofmodem Rapanui is in WithOufadequatereturIl post­ progress, on-going acts of vandalism pointed up Reply:c:()~~ dire need of more research and application. This .age/ln{erriaH0n.al .... the importance ofconservation and preservation. pOsSibIerplea~~end is therefore, a call for research on the destruction pon. If At Luahiwa, one ofLana'i's finest (and most submissions ... ori.. 'inagnefic . wrought by tourism and the search for means to media. (ASCIIfortnat) either . accessible) petroglyph sites, wedocumented many prevent it. ISMor.Macintosh.....•.•... large and complex panels of petroglyphs. Upon All cultural artifacts exposed in the landscape returning to the site two days later, we were are subject to destruction and damage. This can Subscnptionratesf()f4issues: horrified to discover that one panel had been take place in a number of ways: U:S:·$12/ForeignAirrnail $20 vandalized; a petroglyph of a turtle was deeply . U:S. rundsonly;please. pecked on the rock, completely obliterating the • 1 • Natural erosion will inevitably reduce or original ancient figure. impair man-made objects. This might well be ISsN 1040-1385 consideredinevitable, with mitigationprocedures ©Georgia Lee 1988 This incident however was only the latest in a long and unfortunate history regarded as inappropriate (a Celtic approach.) Re­ of petroglyph alteration on placement (as with the limestone carvings in this site. Our study clearly Oxford) or plastification (as with proposals for shows changes made to pet­ the Arches National Monument) should proceed roglyphs that were photo­ with due caution, ifat all. graphed in 1921 by Kenneth • 2 • Quarrying ofancient artifacts has always Emory. Many figures have taken place. TheColosseumandotherRoman and been changed by the addi­ Greek ruins were regarded as quarries by builders tion ofa variety oflines and of the medieval period. The "slates" of Orongo shapes. At the location where were extensively quarried when the Williamson­ Emory notes a simple hull­ Balfour company ruled Rapa Nui. shaped canoe, we docu­ • 3 • Theft is extremely common, and accounts mented a full out rigger with for the contents of most European and North a complete Hawai'ian sail American museums. Werea tithe ofartifacts to be (Figure 1). These deeply returned from such museums, Hangaroa would carved additions were un­ have a museum to be proud of. questionably created with ·4· Archaeology has been known to destroy, Figure 1: Petroglyph recorded at as well as to uncover. Luahiwa site on Lana'i, Hawai'l. Solid great effort and could not ·S· Construction of modem artifacts such as lines show canoe as seen In 1921. have been done hastily. At roads, airports and buildings may often destroy Shaded lines show recent alterations, the moment we can only continued on page 9.. valuable sites. continued on page 10... Rapa Nui Journal • Page 1 • Fa111988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 1 ------------ --..;............... ...z== "";;""-.J.'" Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 3, Art. 1 near its present state as possible, whereas restoration aims to allow ON CONSERVATION the observer to conjure up an image of what its original state is Nicholas Stanley Price, Ph.D. thought to have been. It is often debatable what that original state was, and so the Some of the following reflections appeared in a paper presented responsibility ofthe restorer is a heavy one, in physically imposing at the International Congress on Easter Island in 1984. Various his or her interpretation on cultural material. Restoration should recommendations based on the principles put forward here were therefore be an option requiring careful consideration as to whether made with regard to Rapa Nui in two unpublished reports (Stanley it is justifiable or not Price 1984, 1986). Fundamental to the idea of conservation is respect for the An important distinction, in my view, is that between conserva­ historical and aesthetic integrity of the obj~t. In other words, so tion and restoration. I suggestthat conservation involves measures that objects may retain those values that we ascribe them, no action to reduce the rate of deterioration of cultural property, so that it should be taken that diminishes their historical significance and continues to be available for study and analysis for the foreseeable aesthetic appeal. future. For this reason, all "intervention" on the object for purposes of Restoration, on the other hand, involves re-creating, either par­ scientific research and conservation must be the minimum neces­ tially or wholly, an image of the original state of the object or sary to achieve this end. This means, for example, when non­ building so that it becomes more intelligible to the observer. destructive analysis is not possible, the removal of samples of Various criteria havebeen proposed-and widely agreed upon­ minimal size; it means the testing of alternative treatments on for evaluating conservation measures: similar material of non-cultural origin (never on the original ob­ • 1· that they should constitute the minimum intervention ject); it means, above all, thorough documentation ofevery step in necessary; the process. In short, it requires a strictly scientific methodology. • 2 • that they should be fully documented; Based on a strict scientific methodology and a historical aware­ • 3· that any treatment should be reversible, or at least that it ness of the often conflicting values that are ascribed to cultural should not rule out any different treatment in the future; property, conservation has much to contribute to ensuring a future ·4· that the materials used in conservation becompatible with for the past. the ancient ones; References • 5· that conservation work should be subject to continuous Stanley Price, N.P. 1984. Conservation of the archaeological heritage of inspection and maintenance thereafter. Easter Island (RapaNui). A report prepared for the Centro Nacional de The same criteria should govern restoration, butwith theaddition Restauracion, Santiago, Chile. ICCROM, Rome. ofan important requirement-that the restored areas be viSiBle to -. 1986. Second report on conservation ofthe archaeological heritage of close inspection and recognisable as such. Easter Island (Rapa Nui). A report prepared for the Corporacion Put another way, once it has been decided that certain cultural Nacional Forestal, Santiago, Chile. ICCROM. Rome. material is worth preserving, conservation aims to maintain it in as WORLD MONUMENTS FUND and ardent "Rapanuiphiles." Serving on the Executive Board of the Library Committee are TO HELP RAISE FUNDS Don Sergio Rapu, Provincial Governor ofEaster Island and former student of Dr. Mulloy; Ms. Joan T. Seaver, until recently the Vice FOR WILLIAM MULLOY MEMORIAL President of the Board of Trustees of the excellent Museum of RESEARCH LIBRARY Natural History in Santa Barbara,
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