The Amami Islands Rules the Amami Islands Rules

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Amami Islands Rules the Amami Islands Rules To enjoy nature of Amami-Oshima, Kikai, Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu,and Yoron Islands You are responsible for your own safety. Enjoy! The Amami Islands Rules The Amami Islands Rules Request from Kenmun, a spirit in Amami's folklore The Amami Islands Rules To enjoy nature of Amami-Oshima, Kikai, Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu,and Yoron Islands Request from Kenmun, a spirit in Amami’s folklore Publisher: Nature Conservation Division, Environment and Forestry Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefecture First edition: March 2012 Second edition: March 2019 10-1, Kamoike-Shinmachi, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture 890-8577 Tel: 099-286-2111 (representative) Editing: Japan Wildlife Research Center Pictures: Futoshi Hamada, Katsuki Oki, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan Wildlife Research Center Design : artpost inc. Illustration: Yuko Horiki Kagoshima Prefecture Contents 2 Introduction 4 Requests from Amami’s spirit, Kenmun 6 Must-see Nature Map 6 Northern Amami-Oshima Island 8 Southern Amami-Oshima Island 10 Kikai Island and Tokunoshima Island 12 Okinoerabu Island and Yoron Island National Park (Marine area) Kikai Island 14 From island to island National Park (Land area) – Amami World Heritage Trail World Heritage nominated property Amami-Oshima Island Forests 16 How to enjoy the forests 18 To protect nature of Amami 20 What you need to know when trekking/ Tokunoshima Island hiking Amami jay 22 What you need to know when driving at night Introduction Sea 24 How to enjoy mangrove forests and sea 26 What you need to know when visiting mangrove forests, The Amami Islands have precious, using canoes and observing sea turtles rich nature and were designated as a 28 What you need to know when sea bathing, diving and snor- Okinoerabu Island National Park in 2017. Amami-Oshima keling Island and Tokunoshima Island are nom- 30 What to wear and bring inated to be inscribed on the World Her- 32 What you need to know when visiting villages itage List along with the northern part Dangerous creatures Yoron Island of Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island. 34 Forests This booklet presents important infor- 36 Sea mation for tourists, in order to preserve 38 Contact in case of questions or nature of the Amami Islands forever. trouble Please respect nature and culture of the Amami Islands and enjoy your trip. Mikyo Area (Tokunoshima Is.) 2 3 Requests from Amami's spirit, Kenmun I'm Kenmun! I'm a spirit who has been living in the Amami Islands Forests, rivers and the sea since old times. of Amami are filled with animals and plants that you People in the islands treat me with have never seen before. awe and respect as "a guardian spir- But if you are too absorbed, it of mountains" and we have been you might get lost. living together in harmony. Nature in the Amami Islands, where There are many local guides I live, is rich and mysterious. who can take you to must-see It is home to many rare animals and sights while respecting the nature of Amami, so please plants such as famous Amami rabbit try to walk with them. which can only be seen here. Please take your time to go around I'm always somewhere in the the islands. nature of Amami. So open your eyes and listen carefully to find me. I'm always waiting for you! My requests to the visitors Don't litter the mountains and the sea, please take your litter with About Kenmun you. And never bring any animals and Kenmun is a spirit that is said to live in the boundaries of plants from other places, because Amami’s nature and people’s lives. It is said to be small like a they often harm native species of child, red-headed , its whole body is covered with hair, and has the Amami Islands and take over extremely long arms and legs. There has always been a story their habitats. of witnessing him since old times. Folklores say that while he loves sumo-wrestling and helps people, sometimes he makes people get lost in the forests and takes out their eyes. 4 5 宇勝海岸 宇勝 寺崎海岸 寺崎 メーラビビーチ 賀義野 がぶろう Sea Palace 賀補呂 黒花海岸 Amami Wreck 品覇海岸 那間 Must-see Nature Map いいまえ Minata Rock 茶花港 瀬名 ウドノス 伊前 木根名 チチヒナ離 海岸 砂美地来館 皆田海岸 Northern Amami-Oshima総合グランド Island増木名 KaneboGentle, Beach beautiful coastlines can be seen 茶花from the center to the north- サンernセット partビーチ of Amami-Oshima茶花海岸 Island. There are subtropical evergreen 船倉海岸 ヨロン島観光協会 古里 broad-leaved forests, rivers with rare与論町役場※ species, and coral reefs. 叶 大金久 キ ャンプ場 〒 ゆ ん ぬ・ Yoron Airport 幸名波 ユンヌ楽園 Cape Kasarizaki 源手名 あーどぅる焼窯元 Kagoshima City 屋舎 Yoron Station Yoron Town 尾道遊歩道 Yoron Port 辻宮 出毛 Oganeku Beach/ 百合ヶ浜 OkinoerabuTanegashima Island Island 供利 Cape Gamouzaki Park 伊伝 朝戸 Yurigahama Beach グラスボート (WadomariYakushima port) フ Islandンチュ崎 按司根津栄 立長 〒 神社 Cycads Community Tokunoshima,Okinoerabu, Basho Community Cape Ayamaru Park Yoron and Okinawa Islands Kagoshima City, Kikai Island 伊波 西区 Okinawa Island い ば Amami Islands 城 ぐすく Saigo Nanshu Amami City Folk Heritage Museum ハキビナ海岸 Residence Remains Amami-Oshima Island (6-9P) 与論民俗村 Kakeroma 屋川 東区 Amami Nature Island (8P) Kikai Island (10P)Southern Cross Center 赤崎鍾乳洞 Observation Forest Amami City Amami Museum 赤崎 Yoro Island Ruins of YoronKohama CastleCampsite Tomori Beach Uke Island Ohama Seaside Park Tatsugo Town Kotohira Shrine ハミゴー アマンジョー Ushuku Shell Mound Park Tokunoshima Island (11P) Akasaki Park Kurasaki Beach 太陽が丘総合運動公園 Yunnu Taikenkan Amami(Learning Seaside MuseumHall) 前浜海岸 Ose Beach Okinoerabu Island (12P) 自然観察の森入口 与論十五夜踊り Akasaki Beach Yoron Island (13P) Okinawa Island Naze New Port Amami Airport りゅうがく館 Isson Tanaka’s Last Residence Amami Park あまみ大島観光物産連盟 ケンムン村 Tebiro Beach Amami City Local Market and Rest Area Ogamiyama Park Legend Municipal border Amami City Trunk road Major road Kinsakubaru Forest Sub-major road Other road River Coral reef Authentic Amami-Oshima Tsumugi Textile Park Triangulation station, spot elevation Tunnel Municipal office Airport Port Post office Roads in the mountains are narrow. 6 Be careful not to run off the road. 7.
Recommended publications
  • Genetic Lineage of the Amami Islanders Inferred from Classical Genetic Markers
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.18.440379; this version posted April 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Genetic lineage of the Amami islanders inferred from classical genetic markers Yuri Nishikawa and Takafumi Ishida Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence: Yuri Nishikawa, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. E-mail address: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.18.440379; this version posted April 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract The peopling of mainland Japan and Okinawa has been gradually unveiled in the recent years, but previous anthropological studies dealing people in the Amami islands, located between mainland Japan and Okinawa, were less informative because of the lack of genetic data. In this study, we collected DNAs from 104 subjects in two of the Amami islands, Amami-Oshima island and Kikai island, and analyzed the D-loop region of mtDNA, four Y-STRs and four autosomal nonsynonymous SNPs to clarify the genetic structure of the Amami islanders comparing with peoples in Okinawa, mainland Japan and other regions in East Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration of the Native Species to Amami Oshima Island
    alien species in Amami Oshima Island In addition to the Small Indian mongoose, many other alien species (e.g., feral cats, feral goats, black rats and the Lanceleaf tickseed) have become established on Amami Oshima. Please be sure never to leave behind alien species in the wild nor let them escape. Feral cat Feral goat Black rat Lanceleaf tickseed ● Alien species of Amami Islands HP http://kyushu.env.go.jp/naha/wildlife/data/130902aa.pdf We ask for your cooperation in The mongoose eradication project activity of Amami Mongoose Busters in Amami Oshima The Amami Mongoose Busters, which was formed in 2005, has continued its efforts to eradicate mongooses with the support of people in the island and researchers. We ask for your continued onservation of a precious understanding and support of the mongoose control project as C well as the Amami Mongoose Busters. ecosystem in ■ Amami Mongoose Busters Blog http://amb.amamin.jp/ ■ Amami Mongoose Busters Facebook Amami Oshima Island https://www.facebook.com/amamimongoosebusters March 2014 Amami Wildlife Conservation Center, Published by: Ministry of the Environment, Japan Naha Nature Conservation Office, 551 Koshinohata, Ongachi, Yamato-son, Oshima-gun, Ministry of the Environment, Japan Kagoshima 894-3104 TEL:+81-997-55-8620 Okinawa Tsukansha Building 4F, 5-21 Yamashita-cho, Japan Wildlife Research Center, Naha-shi, Okinawa 900-0027 Amami Ooshima Division (Amami Mongoose Busters) 1385-2 Naze, Uragami,Amami-City, Kagoshima 894-0008 TEL:+81-997-58-4013 Edited by : Japan Wildlife Research Center FOR ALL THE LIFE ON EARTH Design : artpost inc. Photos : Mamoru Tsuneda, Teruho Abe, Yoshihito Goto, Kazuki Yamamuro, Biodiversity Ryuta Yoshihara, Japan Wildlife Research Center Animals and plants Habu snake Protobothrops flavoviridis This poisonous snake is found on Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, Okinawa in Amami Oshima Island Island, and other several neighboring small islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Amami Island Religion - Historical Dynamics of the Islanders’ Spirit - Megumi TAKARABE and Akira NISHIMURA
    KAWAI, K., TERADA, R. and KUWAHARA, S. (eds): The Islands of Kagoshima Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, 15 March 2013 Chapter 3 Amami Island Religion - Historical Dynamics of the Islanders’ Spirit - Megumi TAKARABE and Akira NISHIMURA 1. Introduction into “aman’yu” (Amami period),” “aji’yu” (Lords enerally speaking, Japan’s indigenous Shinto period), “nahan’yu” (Ryukyu kingdom period), Gand exogenous Buddhism represent the ma- “yamaton’yu” (Shimadzu controlling period) and jority religions in Japan. These religions have been “america’yu” (American controlling period). Re- recognized as the spiritual pillars of the Japanese. cords are only available from the Naha period on- When compared with the history of religion in Ja- wards and it was the Ryukyu-dominated Amami Is- pan, “Amami Island religion” can be considered lands that welcomed the first unified regime. There unique for its history as well as for its distant loca- are two theories concerning this period, one that it tion from mainland Japan. This is because the reli- began in 1266 (SAKAGUCHI 1921, NOBORI 1949) and gious culture which has existed in various parts of one that it began in 1440 (Richo Jitsuroku). The the Amami Islands comprise a long-standing spiri- latter theory is currently the prevailing view. Ac- tual pillar of the islanders. In other words, the Ama- cordingly, the Amami Islands in the Naha period mi Islands have enjoyed a religious culture of the are said to have lasted for approximately 170 years Ryukyu legacy rather than that of mainland Japan. from 1440 to 1609. This religious culture informs the spiritual base of During the Naha period and the reign of the the Amami Islands today.
    [Show full text]
  • Border-Crossers and Resistance to US Military Rule in the Ryukyus, 1945-1953
    Volume 6 | Issue 9 | Article ID 2906 | Sep 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Border-Crossers and Resistance to US Military Rule in the Ryukyus, 1945-1953 Matthew R. Augustine Border-Crossers and Resistance to US main island groups. Trade barriers with Japan Military Rule in the Ryukyus, 1945-1953 were relaxed in 1950, but the San Francisco Peace Treaty signed in 1951 reaffirmed that Matthew R. Augustine the Ryukyus would remain under US military rule, divided from Japan. By this time, the Sixty-six years after Japan’s annexation of the increasing cross-border interconnections former Ryukyu Kingdom in 1879, in the waning between residents in the Ryukyus and months of the Asia-Pacific War, the American Okinawan and Amamian residents in Japan had military partitioned the Ryukyu Islands from already given rise to an organized movement Japan. The replacement of Okinawa Prefecture calling for reversion to Japanese sovereignty. by US military rule in the Ryukyus from 1945 had profound implications, for residents of the How did the establishment of the military occupied islands. A major repercussion of the government and new postwar borders actually military government’s separation of theaffect the movement of residents within and Ryukyus was the enforced isolation of the four outside of the Ryukyu Islands? Conversely, to main island groups from occupied Japan. The what extent did the resistance of residents in Ryukyuan-Japanese border severed long- the Ryukyus and their effort to overcome their standing administrative and economic links, division and isolation influence the military while restrictive border controls prohibited free government’s border controls and related travel and interaction between the two sides.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bird's Eye View of Okinawa
    A Bird’s Eye View of Okinawa by HIH Princess Takamado, Honorary President ne of the most beautiful of the many O“must visit” places in Japan is the Ryukyu Archipelago. These islands are an absolute treasure trove of cultural, scenic and environmental discoveries, and the local people are known for their warmth and welcoming nature. Ikebana International is delighted to be able to host the 2017 World Convention in Okinawa, and I look forward to welcoming those of you who will be joining us then. 13 Kagoshima Kagoshima pref. Those who are interested in flowers are generally interested in the environment. In many cultures, flowers and birds go together, and so, Osumi Islands Tanega too, in my case. As well as being the Honorary President of Ikebana International, I am also the Yaku Honorary President of BirdLife International, a worldwide conservation partnership based in Cambridge, UK, and representing approximately 120 countries or territories. In this article, I Tokara Islands would like introduce to you some of the birds of Okinawa Island as well as the other islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago and, in so doing, to give you Amami a sense of the rich ecosystem of the area. Amami Islands Kikaiga One Archipelago, Six Island Tokuno Groups The Ryukyu Archipelago is a chain of islands Okinawa pref. Okino Erabu that stretches southwest in an arc from Kyushu (Nansei-shoto) to Chinese Taiwan. Also called the Nansei Islands, the archipelago consists of over 100 islands. Administratively, the island groups of Kume Okinawa Naha Osumi, Tokara and Amami are part of Kagoshima Prefecture, whilst the island groups Ryukyu Archipelago of Okinawa, Sakishima (consisting of Miyako Okinawa Islands and Yaeyama Islands), Yonaguni and Daito are part of Okinawa Prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Enjoy the Forests Many of the Creatures of Amami Cannot Be Seen Easily, However
    Forests in high islands Thick forests in the high islands are home to large fern plants such as flying spider-monkey tree ferns, and you can enjoy the atmosphere of subtropical forests. The observatories on Mt. Yuwandake and Mt. Yui in Amami-Oshima Island offer a panoramic view of their crowns. How to enjoy the forests Many of the creatures of Amami cannot be seen easily, however, certified guides would Tokunoshima spiny rat help you discover them to fully enjoy Amami's forests. Mt.Yuwandake(Amami-Oshima Is.) Forests in low islands Features of Amami’s forests Forests in the low islands can be easily accessed via the access roads Amami's forests are home to many animals and plants that can only be by rental cars, etc. You can enjoy the landscapes of the islands from found there, which is the major reason for nomination to be inscribed as Hyakunodai in Kikai Island, walking trails on Mt. Oyama in Okinoerabu a World Heritage property. Island, and hills around the Yoron Castle Ruins in Yoron Island. There are two types of the forests: the forests covering the ridges of mountainous islands, called “high islands”, such as Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima Islands; and the forests on flat islands made of uplifted coral reefs, called “low islands”, such as Kikai, Okinoerabu and Yoron Islands. Kikai Is. Yoron Is. 16 17 To protect nature of Amami Areas that require special attention for protection Thanks to the wonderful nature and culture, the Amami Islands were designated as the Amamigunto National Park in 2017. Please respect the following rules in the National Park and en- ■ Kinsakubaru Forest, Amami-Oshima Island joy nature of Amami.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Plan of the Amami Island Group Sustainable Tourism
    Master Plan of the Amami Island Group Sustainable Tourism 1. Beginning 1.1 Background “The Master Plan for sustainable tourism in the Amami Island Group (hereinafter called “The Master Plan”) is a policy to actively promote “the sustainable utilization of tourism” in the Amami Island Group. Promoting local sustainable tourism associated with the preservation of the natural environment in a planned and consistent manner, utilizing local resources. The aim is the preservation and succession of environmental culture1, and the promotion of the local economy and society. (1) Why promote sustainable tourism? Sustainable tourism seeks the sustainability of society, economy and environment, and is a new style of tourism expecting to replace mass-tourism.2 Mass-tourism is a phenomenon in which tourism used to be limited to the rich, but has spread more widely to other economic classes3, and has recently been referred to as the “mass tourism phenomenon”4. Mass-tourism, which brings a large number of people has been giving great impact to tourism sites and their surroundings. This has caused the destruction of the natural environment, local communities and their traditions, and also troubles of inappropriate tourist facilities, in which the lack of manners and ignorance of the tourist was highlighted. In reflection of these problems, new modes of thought “Alternative tourism” and “Appropriate tourism” were generated in the 1980s, instead of mass-tourism. Based on the principle of “sustainable utilization of local resources" and “coexistence with nature”, new local community development in the Amami Island Group aims toward the realization of a sustainably fulfilled local community.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan and a Geography of Islands
    Japan and a geography of islands Royle, S. (2016). Japan and a geography of islands. South Pacific Studies, 37(1), 1-28. http://cpi.kagoshima- u.ac.jp/publications/southpacificstudies/archivespst.html#SPS 37.1 Published in: South Pacific Studies Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2017 KURCPI This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:29. Sep. 2021 South Pacific Studies Vol.37, No.1, 2016 Japan and A Geography of Islands Royle Stephen A.1,2 1: Visiting Professor (September 2015-March 2016), Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580 Japan 2: Emeritus Professor of Island Geography, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article takes the author’s 2001 book, A Geography of Islands: Small Island Insularity and extracts from it a series of generalisations in both physical and human geography as applied to islands.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Background of Postwar English Teaching in Japan 戦後
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE A Study on the Background of Postwar English Teaching in Japan The Case of Amami Islands Under the Rule of GHQ Yuko TOMINAGA 戦後日本の英語教育事情 GHQ 統治下の奄美諸島の場合 富永 裕子 Abstract The objective of this paper is to detect useful clues for improving current English education based on an examination of postwar English language teaching in Japan, focusing specifically on the Amami Islands in Kyushu under US military rule of General Headquarters, the Supreme Commander for the Allied powers (GHQ)i. This paper is based on the first interview with five women conducted by the author in 2013. The information from the women who experienced English teaching and learning just after WWII was re-analyzed while talking into account the administration and education offered at that time. Their valuable experiences shed light on the current problems facing English teaching and offer useful clues for materials, methods, and procedures of class development. These are the essential components of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and action-oriented teaching, which recent classroom practice is meant to incorporate. This paper would indicate that history has many examples of educational reform; however, by looking back on the past, we can discover new answers for the current situation. キーワード:戦後英語教育、米軍統治、指導教材、行動主義、コミュニケーション指導 Keywords: postwar English teaching, US military rule of GHQ, materials, action-oriented, CLT 1. Introduction In recent years, the focus of English teaching methods in school education has been CLT(Communicative Language Teaching) rather than the GTM(Grammar Translation Method), and as you can see from the introduction of foreign language activities in public elementary schools starting in 2011, Japanese English education researchers have continued to discuss what kind of teaching systems and methods are effective in the Japanese EFL(English as a foreign language) setting, focusing on the “use of English” as one of the goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reefs of Japan
    Amami Archipelago (Map 6-1-3) 笠利半島東海岸海中公園 6-1-3 Kasari hanto higasi kaigan MP 6-1-3-① Province: Kagoshima Prefecture Location: ca. 400 km southwest off Kagoshima City, including Amami Oshima (Is.), Kikaijima (Is.), Tokunoshima (Is.) and Okinoerabujima (Is.) and Yoron Is. Air temperature: 21.5˚C (annual average, in Naze City) Seawater temperature: 24.5˚C (annual average, at north off Naze) Precipitation: 2,913.5 mm (annual average, in Naze) Total area of coral communities: 5951.2 ha Total length of reef edge: 420.3 笠利半島 km Protected areas: Amami Gunto Quasi-National Park: centering on coastal areas of Amami Oshima, Kasari Peninsula Kikaijima, Tokunoshima and Okinoerabujima and Yoron Is.; Marine Park Zone: 2 zones in Amami Oshima, 1 zone in Kakeroma Island, 1 zone in Tokunoshima, and 1 zone in Yoron Island. Kikaijima (Is.) 摺子崎 Surikozaki 摺子崎海中公園 Surikozaki MP 6-1-3-② 0 10km Naze City 6-1-3-④ 奄 美 大 島 Amami Oshima (Is.) 0 5km Okinoerabu Is. 6-1-3-③ 瀬戸内海中公園 Setouchi MP Setouchi Town 嘉徳海岸 0 5km Katoku Beach 大島海峡 Oshima Strait 6-1-3-① Tokunoshima (Is.) 6-1-3-② 黒崎 Kakeroma Is. 6-1-3-⑤ Kurosaki 6-1-3-③ 与論島海中公園 Yoronto MP 6-1-3-④ 6-1-3-⑤ 亀徳 Yoron Is. Kametoku 安脚場 Ankyaba Yorojima (Is.) 0 5km 亀徳海中公園 Ukejima (Is.) Kametoku MP 0 5km 06 Coral Reefs of Japan Consequently, sea-level change and crustal movement Amami Archipelago during the Quaternary and the developmental history of (Maps 6-1-3-①~⑤) the coral reefs in this area are relatively well understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Economic Vulnerability Indices of Environmental Disasters in Small Island Regions
    Developing economic vulnerability indices of environmental disasters in small island regions Luky Adrianto 1 and Yoshiaki Matsuda Department of Marine Social Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata 4-50-20, Kagoshima City 890-0056, Japan Received 1 November 2001; revised 1 March 2002; accepted 1 March 2002. Available online 3 June 2002. Abstract We apply the gross island products (GIP) approach to assess the economic vulnerability of islands region to environmental disasters. In this study, two types of environmental disasters, sea level rise and natural disasters (typhoon, heavy rain and others), are identified and assessed. By using the case of Amami Islands of Japan, the results show that the economic loss related to environmental disasters is relatively small, ranging from 0.17% to 2.27% of the GIP. The results of vulnerability analysis indicate that, in terms of GIP-based value, Kikaijima is the most vulnerable island with the composite vulnerability index (CVI) of 0.737. However, in terms of per capita-based value, Okinoerabujima has the highest vulnerability with CVI of 0.910. We also found that these islands have relatively high income per capita, which may convey the impression of their strong economy (high resilience). However, the economies of such islands are highly exposed to the impacts of environmental disasters. Author Keywords: Economic vulnerability index; Environmental disasters; Small islands region; Amami Islands Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Vulnerability indices and small island sustainable development 3. Methodological issues—a case study approach 4. Model application: results and discussions for the case of Amami Islands, Japan 4.1. Amami Islands: the economics and environments 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Plural Forms in Yoron-Ryukyuan and Address Nouns in Ryukyuan Languages
    Plural Forms in Yoron-Ryukyuan and Address Nouns in Ryukyuan Languages NOBUKO KIBE, HAJIME OSHIMA, AND MASAHIRO YAMADA National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics 1 Introduction 1.1 Plural Marking in Standard Japanese and Yoron-Ryukyuan Standard Japanese has a plural marker -tatɕi that attaches to human nouns and yields an associative plural interpretation. This plural marker may attach to pronouns (1a), proper nouns (1b) or kinship terms (1c) but it cannot attach to non-human nouns (1d), (1e) (see Nakanishi and Tomioka (2014) for the semantic interpretation of NP-tatɕi). (1) a. anata-tatɕi 2SG-ASSOCPL ‘a group of people represented by the addressee’ Japanese/Korean Linguistics 25. Edited by Shin Fukuda, Mary Shin Kim, and Mee-Jeong Park. Copyright © 2018, CSLI Publications 1 NOBUKO KIBE, HAJIME OSHIMA AND MASAHIRO YAMADA b. Nagano-san-tatɕi Nagano-ADDR-ASSOCPL ‘a group of people represented by “Nagano-san”’ c. obasan-tatɕi aunt-ASSOCPL ‘a group of people represented by “aunt”’ d. *neko-tatɕi cat-ASSOCPL ‘a group of individuals represented by “cat”’ e. *hana-tatɕi flower-ASSOCPL ‘a group of individuals represneted by “flower”’ In Yoron-Ryukyuan too, there is also an associative plural marker -taa that attaches to human nouns like Standard Japanese -tatɕi. The lexical accent, realized as a transitional pitch rise between moras, is marked by “[“ following Uwano’s (1999) convention. (2) a. ʔu[ɾee-taa ‘2SG-AssocPL’ b. Nagano-[san-taa ‘Nagano-ADDR-ASSOCPL’ c. [ɸuba-taa ‘aunt-ASSOCPL’ d. *mjaŋ[ka-taa ‘cat-ASSOCPL’ e. *pa[na-taa ‘flower-ASSOCPL’ In addition to associative plural, Yoron also exhibits a specialized expression for additive plural, which is likewise realized by -taa.
    [Show full text]