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Terminologia Medicală În Limba Română: Evoluţie Şi Tendinţe

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Terminologia Medicală În Limba Română: Evoluţie Şi Tendinţe MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CULTURII ȘI CERCETĂRII INSTITUTUL DE FILOLOGIE Cu titlu de manuscris C.Z.U.: 811.135.1’276.6:61(043.2) MINCU EUGENIA TERMINOLOGIA MEDICALĂ ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ: EVOLUŢIE ŞI TENDINŢE 621.04 - Lexicologie și lexicografie; terminologie şi limbaje specializate; traductologie (în limba română) Teză de doctor habilitat în filologie Consultant ştiinţific: Bahnaru Vasile, doctor habilitat în filologie, prof. univ. Autor: Mincu Eugenia Chişinău, 2018 1 © MINCU EUGENIA, 2018 2 CUPRINS ADNOTARE (în română, engleză, rusă) ..................................................................................... 6 LISTA DE ABREVIERI ............................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCERE ......................................................................................................................... 10 1. LIMBĂ, LIMBAJ, TERMINOLOGIE ................................................................................. 20 1.1. „Cunoaşterea lucrurilor” – axa limbajului specializat ........................................................ 20 1.2. Terminologia în structura limbii. Modelarea terminologiei medicale ................................ 23 1.3. Ontologia şi terminologia medicală .................................................................................... 28 1.4. Unităţile terminologice şi conceptul ................................................................................... 31 1.5. Unităţile terminologice în tridimensionalitatea limbii ........................................................ 37 1.5.1. Delimitarea statutului elementelor terminologice în sistemul morfematic al limbii .... 43 1.5.2. Variaţia, variabilitatea şi elementele terminologice/ afixoidele ................................... 50 1.6. Concluzii la capitolul 1 ....................................................................................................... 56 2. TERMINOLOGIA NAŢIONALĂ VERSUS TERMINOLOGIA INTERNAŢIONALĂ 58 2.1. Dimensiunile naţionalul și internaţional în procesul de formare a terminologiei medicale ................................................................................................................................................... 58 2.2. Unităţile terminologice și corpusul medical ....................................................................... 60 2.2.1. Criterii de clasificare a termenilor medicali ................................................................. 62 2.2.2. Criterii de clasificare a elementelor terminologice.................................................. 68 2.3. Terminologia medicală internaţională în retrospectivă................................................... 74 2.3.1. Din istoria terminologiei medicale. Anatomie și clinică ......................................... 74 2.3.2. Din istoria terminologiei medicale. Farmacie ......................................................... 76 2.4. Continuitatea limbilor savante în terminologia medicală ............................................... 77 2.5. Terminologia medicală românească în retrospectivă ...................................................... 81 2.5.1. Începuturile terminologiei medicale româneşti (anatomie, clinică, farmacie). Elemente de terminologie medicală la cronicarii moldoveni (Grigore Ureche, Miron Costin, Ion Neculce) ................................................................................................................................. 81 2.5.2. Dimitrie Cantemir – fondatorul terminologiei ştiinţifice medicale româneşti ............. 84 2.5.3. Stabilirea terminologiei medicale româneşti ................................................................ 92 2.5.4. Despre sistemul terminologic medical românesc ......................................................... 93 2.6. Interferenţe naţional și internaţional în terminologia medicală românească ..................... 96 2.7. Concluzii la capitolul 2 .................................................................................................. 101 3. FUNDAMENTE GRECO-LATINE ÎN TERMINOLOGIA MEDICALĂ. DUBLETELE GRECO-LATINE ...................................................................................................................... 103 3 3.1. Analiza celor mai repezentative dublete greco-latine în terminologia medicală .............. 104 3.1.1. Valorile existenţiale în terminologia medicală: dubletele < lat. vita, ae, f şi < gr. bios „viaţă”; < lat. mors, mortis, f/ mortuus, a, um şi < gr. thanatos/ nekros „moarte, mort” ..... 104 3.1.2. Dubletul < lat. vas, is, n și < gr. angion, itis „vas” în corpusul terminologic medical Componenta latină a dubletului vas, is, n „vas” ................................................................... 112 3.1.3. Inima în terminologia medicală – dubletele < lat. anima, ae, f şi < gr. psykhe „suflet”; < lat. cor, cordis, n şi < gr. kardia „inimă” .......................................................................... 121 3.1.4. Dubletul < lat. sanguis, inis, m și < gr. haima, haimatos „sânge” în terminologia medicală ............................................................................................................................... 129 3.1.5.Dubletele < lat. digitus, i, m și < gr. dactylus, i, m „deget” ; < lat. manus, us, f și < gr. kheir, ros „mână” ..................................................................................................................... 139 3.2. Concluzii la capitolul 3 ..................................................................................................... 142 4. NUMELE, CALITATEA ŞI ACŢIUNEA ÎN TERMINOLOGIA MEDICALĂ ............ 144 4.1. Substantivul sau staticul în terminologia medicală ........................................................... 144 4.1.1. Eponimele în terminologia medicală.......................................................................... 149 4.1.2. Termenii eponimici medicali de origine mitologică .................................................. 149 4.1.3. Surse de formare a termenilor-substantiv în terminologia medicală.......................... 151 4.2. Adjectivul în terminologia medicală ................................................................................. 153 4.3. Verbul sau dinamicul în terminologia medicală ............................................................... 158 4.4. Abrevierile utilizate în medicină ....................................................................................... 161 4.4.1. Criterii de clasificare a abrevierilor în domeniul medicinei ....................................... 162 4.4.2. Abrevierea – deficiență a terminologiei medicale...................................................... 163 4.5. Afixele și formarea terminologiei medicale ..................................................................... 163 4.5.1. Prefixele în terminologia medicală ............................................................................ 164 4.5.2.Sufixele în terminologia medicală............................................................................... 167 4.6. Matricea terminogenică a inventarului terminologic în medicină .................................... 168 4.7. Concluzii la capitolul 4 ..................................................................................................... 169 5. FENOMENE SEMANTICE ÎN TERMINOLOGIA MEDICALĂ .................................. 171 5.1. Sinonimia în terminologia medicală ................................................................................. 171 5.1.1. Sinonimele denotative şi sinonimele semnificative ................................................... 173 5.1.2. Etiologia sinonimiei în terminologia medicală .......................................................... 174 5.1.3. Terminologia „externă” şi terminologia „internă” în procesul de stabilire a relațiilor de sinonimie .............................................................................................................................. 176 5.1.4. Sinonimia „savantă” ................................................................................................... 177 5.1.5. Serii sinonimice în medicină ...................................................................................... 179 4 5.1.6. Sinonimie sau pseudosinonimie ................................................................................. 181 5.2. Antonimia în terminologia medicală ................................................................................ 181 5.3. Omonimia în terminologia medicală ................................................................................ 184 5.3.1. Etiologia stabilirii relaţiilor de omonimie în terminologia medicală ......................... 187 5.4. Paronimia în terminologia medicală ................................................................................. 189 5.5. Hiponimia şi hiperonimia în terminologia medicală ........................................................ 192 5.6. Concluzii la capitolul 5 ..................................................................................................... 193 6. METAFORA ÎN TERMINOLOGIA MEDICALĂ ........................................................... 195 6.1. Metafora şi neologia ......................................................................................................... 195 6.2. (De)Nominaţia metaforică şi termenii medicali ............................................................... 196 6.2.1. Metaforizarea în terminologia anatomică .................................................................
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