DOCSLIB.ORG

Building North Carolina's Offshore Wind Supply Chain the Roadmap for Leveraging Manufacturing and Infrastructure Advantages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Building North Carolina's Offshore Wind Supply Chain the Roadmap for Leveraging Manufacturing and Infrastructure Advantages Building North Carolina's Offshore Wind Supply Chain The roadmap for leveraging manufacturing and infrastructure advantages March 2021Subtitle Copyright This report and its content is copyright of BVG Associates LLC - © BVG Associates 2021. All rights are reserved. Disclaimer This document is intended for the sole use of the Client who has entered into a written agreement with BVG Associates LLP (referred to as “BVGA”). To the extent permitted by law, BVGA assumes no responsibility whether in contract, tort including without limitation negligence, or otherwise howsoever, to third parties (being persons other than the Client) and BVGA shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever suffered by virtue of any act, omission or default (whether arising by negligence or otherwise) by BVGA or any of its employees, subcontractors or agents. A Circulation Classification permitting the Client to redistribute this document shall not thereby imply that BVGA has any liability to any recipient other than the Client. This document is protected by copyright and may only be reproduced and circulated in accordance with the Circulation Classification and associated conditions stipulated in this document and/or in BVGA’s written agreement with the Client. No part of this document may be disclosed in any public offering memorandum, prospectus or stock exchange listing, circular or announcement without the express and prior written consent of BVGA. Except to the extent that checking or verification of information or data is expressly agreed within the written scope of its services, BVGA shall not be responsible in any way in connection with erroneous information or data provided to it by the Client or any third party, or for the effects of any such erroneous information or data whether or not contained or referred to in this document. The views expressed in this report are those of BVG Associates. The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views of North Carolina Department of Commerce. Front cover images, from top to bottom, courtesy of: SGRE (nacelle factory in Cuxhaven, Germany), SGRE (blade factory in Hull, UK), Sif (monopile plant in Maasvlakte, Netherlands) and Green Port Hull (construction base port at Hull, UK). Document history Revision Description Circulation classification Authored Checked Approved Date 1 For client Unrestricted Mike Blanch MJB AGS 16 Feb 2021 Andy Strowbridge Andy Geissbuehler Thomas J. White Steve Kalland Isaac Panzarella Richard Baldwin Rebekah Nagy Joe Hines North Carolina Offshore Wind Supply Chain Registry North Carolina Department of Commerce encourages companies (both inside and outside North Carolina) to join its publicly available supply chain registry by completing a 10-minute survey: https://www.nccommerce.com/business/key-industries-north-carolina/energy/offshore-wind-industry. 2 Building North Carolina's Offshore Wind Supply Chain Executive summary North Carolina leadership 2. Leverage existing manufacturing strength – build upon North Carolina’s manufacturing strengths and “Offshore wind development combined with our strong nation-leading economic conditions for component solar capacity will bring more high paying, clean energy manufacturing to supply the offshore wind market jobs to North Carolina while we continue to ramp up our along the East Coast and beyond. fight against climate change,” said North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper. “This bipartisan [SMART-POWER] agreement 3. Build momentum for a strong pipeline of with neighboring states allows us to leverage our combined windfarms – accelerate the offshore wind opportunity economic power and ideas to achieve cost effective by driving North Carolina’s offshore wind targets and success.”1 new windfarm developments to match the significant electricity consumption of the Southeast and mid- As part of a coordinated approach by North Carolina (NC) Atlantic states, to maximize economic, decarbonization state economic, energy and environmental leadership,2 the and environmental benefit. North Carolina Department of Commerce (NCDOC) commissioned this strategic study to maximize the Offshore wind is delivering globally economic benefit in NC from offshore wind. The study: • Offshore wind levelized cost of energy (LCOE) • Characterizes the offshore wind opportunity for North reduction continues apace. Auction prices have more Carolinians than halved from projects installed in 2018 to those due to be installed in 2023. A further 30% reduction is • Assesses the North Carolina advantages in existing expected between projects installed in 2023 and those assets and business potential in 2030 • Provides engagement and development tools to help • The global market has grown on average by 24% each build partnerships between developers and suppliers year since 20133 with regional companies interested in diversifying into offshore wind • Over 5 GW was installed globally in 2020, bringing the total installations to over 32 GW3 • Reviews existing, and identifies gaps in, business incentives and policies to enhance the already good • Over 8 GW is forecast to be installed globally in 2021, business climate and further develop the workforce, rising to over 30 GW per year by 2030,3 and and • Growth is occurring across multiple regions and • Reviews the Morehead City and Wilmington ports plus countries, and over 300 GW is forecast to be installed other key state infrastructure, including the Carolina by the end of 2030.3 Connector Intermodal Facility being built in Rocky The scale of the US offshore wind opportunity Mount. State-driven offshore wind targets have exceeded 28 GW4 Strategic positioning for offshore wind to date and are expected to result in 41 GW of cumulative North Carolina’s strategic position in offshore wind should installed capacity by end of 2035. Already 9 GW of projects be to: are well on track with offtake agreements, with ongoing solicitations enabling an additional 6 GW to follow by end 1. Strengthen anchor companies – build upon the 2021. strong base of major manufacturing companies already established in North Carolina, and attract The larger this market becomes, the more the supply chain additional ones, to grow and anchor the industrial base will be established on the East Coast. and enable an acceleration effect on the wider supply The rapidly developing economic opportunity will well chain. exceed $100 billion for windfarm development and construction alone (CAPEX), not even accounting for the 1 Memorandum of Understanding Among Maryland, North Carolina 2 Office of the Governor, Department of Commerce (NCDOC), and Virginia to create the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic Regional Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). Transformative Partnership for Offshore Wind Energy Resources (SMART-POWER) 3 BVGA analysis. https://files.nc.gov/governor/documents/files/SMART-POWER- MOU_FINAL.pdf, last accessed February 2021. 4 A watt (W) is a measure of power (energy per second), and there are 1 billion watts in 1 GW. The capacity of large power plants or of many power plants are typically measured in GWs. 3 30 years of operations and maintenance local economic • Manufacturing employs over 470,000 workers in the benefit (OPEX). state in 10,250 manufacturing companies.7 Of the states that have made commitments for offshore • The weekly wages in manufacturing place it 7th among wind capacity, Rhode Island’s 1.03 GW is proportionately the state’s 19 industrial sectors. Manufacturing wages the biggest and enough to generate about 68% of its 2019 are higher on average than healthcare and social electricity consumption. New York’s 9 GW is the largest in assistance, transportation and construction, and absolute terms and is enough to generate about 30% of its 2019 electricity consumption. • The governors of Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia forming, in 2020, the Southeast and Mid- By way of comparison, the UK has a 40 GW offshore wind Atlantic Regional Transformative Partnership for target by end of 2030; this will generate the equivalent of Offshore Wind Energy Resources (SMART-POWER).8 65% of its 2019 electricity consumption.5 This recognizes that working together, these three Manufacturing is North Carolina’s edge states can make the region the natural choice for the offshore wind supply chain. North Carolina wishes to use its existing strength in quality manufacturing and its enduring manufacturing-friendly North Carolina’s infrastructure and policies support environment that exceeds that of any east coast state to offshore wind supply the physical supply chain and project-specific This report further evaluates North Carolina’s position in marine activities: key areas that include business climate, workforce, infrastructure and location. North Carolina recognizes that • Supply of major components, lower-level components, it has a number of key competitive advantages specific to and materials to the whole of the east coast market, the offshore wind supply chain that include: including for turbines, and • Pro-business climate • Supply of port-based and operations and maintenance services to wind farms off North Carolina, Maryland, • Strategic geographic location Virginia, South Carolina and potentially other states. • Relatively large electricity consumption (9% of east The strengths of North Carolina include: coast states’ electricity) and growing demand for • Ranking 1st among east coast states and 5th in the renewable energy nation in the value of its manufacturing sector’s Gross • Relatively low CO2 electricity footprint Domestic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meridian Wind Project Hyde County, South Dakota Application to The
    Meridian Wind Project Hyde County, South Dakota Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission for a Facility Permit April 23, 2020 MERIDIAN WIND PROJECT, LLC 3760 State Street, Suite 200 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Applicant: Meridian Wind Project, LLC Address: 3760 State Street, Suite 200 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Authorized Representative: Casey Willis, Senior Advisor, Project Development Signature: Phone: 805-569-6185 Email: [email protected] Application for Facility Permit Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Overview .............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Names of Participants (Administrative Rules of South Dakota [ARSD] 20:10:22:06) ...................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Name of Owner and Manager (ARSD 20:10:22:07) ........................................ 1-2 1.4 Facility Permit Application Content and Organization .................................... 1-2 1.4.1 Completeness ChecK ........................................................................ 1-3 2.0 PURPOSE OF, AND DEMAND FOR, THE WIND ENERGY FACILITY (ARSD 20:10:22:08, 20:10:22:10) ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Renewable Power Demand ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Wind Energy
    Planning for Wind Energy Suzanne Rynne, AICP , Larry Flowers, Eric Lantz, and Erica Heller, AICP , Editors American Planning Association Planning Advisory Service Report Number 566 Planning for Wind Energy is the result of a collaborative part- search intern at APA; Kirstin Kuenzi is a research intern at nership among the American Planning Association (APA), APA; Joe MacDonald, aicp, was program development se- the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the nior associate at APA; Ann F. Dillemuth, aicp, is a research American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), and Clarion associate and co-editor of PAS Memo at APA. Associates. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department The authors thank the many other individuals who con- of Energy under award number DE-EE0000717, as part of tributed to or supported this project, particularly the plan- the 20% Wind by 2030: Overcoming the Challenges funding ners, elected officials, and other stakeholders from case- opportunity. study communities who participated in interviews, shared The report was developed under the auspices of the Green documents and images, and reviewed drafts of the case Communities Research Center, one of APA’s National studies. Special thanks also goes to the project partners Centers for Planning. The Center engages in research, policy, who reviewed the entire report and provided thoughtful outreach, and education that advance green communities edits and comments, as well as the scoping symposium through planning. For more information, visit www.plan- participants who worked with APA and project partners to ning.org/nationalcenters/green/index.htm. APA’s National develop the outline for the report: James Andrews, utilities Centers for Planning conduct policy-relevant research and specialist at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission; education involving community health, natural and man- Jennifer Banks, offshore wind and siting specialist at AWEA; made hazards, and green communities.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment
    U.S. Offshore Wind Power Economic Impact Assessment Issue Date | March 2020 Prepared By American Wind Energy Association Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Current Status of U.S. Offshore Wind .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Lessons from Land-based Wind ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Announced Investments in Domestic Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Input Assumptions ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Modeling Tool ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Navantia Corporate Executive Board
    Navantia Corporate Executive Board Executive Chairwoman Board of Directors Internal Audit Mª Ángeles Trigo Quiroga Susana de Sarriá Sopeña General Counsel and Strategy Secretary of the Board Javier Romero Yacobi Miguel Orozco Giménez Technology Center Human Resources M. Ángel Recamán Rivas Fernando Ramírez Ruiz Commercial & Business Corporate Development Juan Ramón Lueje Álvarez Sofía Honrubia Checa Administration & Engineering and Product Finance & Processes Development Operations and Luis J. Romero Sánchez Francisco Vílchez Business Units Rodríguez Gonzalo Mateo‐Guerrero Alcázar Bay of Cádiz Cartagena Ferrol Estuary Systems Shiprepairs Navantia Australia Shipyard Shipyard Shipyard Agustín Álvarez Alfredo Gordo Donato Martínez Pablo López Díez Rafael Suárez Pérez Álvaro Vela Parodi Blanco Álvarez Pérez de Rojas CONFIDENCIAL[*(Confidencial Comercial)*][*(Confidencial Comercial)*] COMERCIAL CONFIDENCIAL 25 de julio de 2018 0 BUSINESS DIVISIONS. MAIN FUNCTIONS Operations and Business Units. Responsible for managing the company's six main business units: Cartagena Shipyard, Ferrol Estuary Shipyard and Bay of Cadiz Shipyard, Systems and Repairs Business Units and Navantia Australia. It will mainly integrate the functions of the previous Directions of Programs, Industrial and Systems and the Engineering and Procurement activities related to these operations and businesses. For the development of its responsibilities, it will have two specific support functions: "Planning and Monitoring" and "Coordination of Operations Procurement“ Engineering and Product & Processes Development. It will be responsible for the functions of Conceptual Engineering, Strategic Relationships with suppliers, Corporate Procurements, and Corporate Quality, enhancing their integration and synergies for the development and improvement of competitive products and services. It will lead the PUMA project, the standardization plans and the homogenization of engineering processes in collaboration with the Technical Design Authorities Business Development & Commercial.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Powering America Fy08 Activities Summary
    WIND POWERING AMERICA FY08 ACTIVITIES SUMMARY Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Dear Wind Powering America Colleague, We are pleased to present the Wind Powering America FY08 Activities Summary, which reflects the accomplishments of our state Wind Working Groups, our programs at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and our partner organizations. The national WPA team remains a leading force for moving wind energy forward in the United States. At the beginning of 2008, there were more than 16,500 megawatts (MW) of wind power installed across the United States, with an additional 7,000 MW projected by year end, bringing the U.S. installed capacity to more than 23,000 MW by the end of 2008. When our partnership was launched in 2000, there were 2,500 MW of installed wind capacity in the United States. At that time, only four states had more than 100 MW of installed wind capacity. Twenty-two states now have more than 100 MW installed, compared to 17 at the end of 2007. We anticipate that four or five additional states will join the 100-MW club in 2009, and by the end of the decade, more than 30 states will have passed the 100-MW milestone. WPA celebrates the 100-MW milestones because the first 100 megawatts are always the most difficult and lead to significant experience, recognition of the wind energy’s benefits, and expansion of the vision of a more economically and environmentally secure and sustainable future. Of course, the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 report (developed by AWEA, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and other stakeholders) indicates that 44 states may be in the 100-MW club by 2030, and 33 states will have more than 1,000 MW installed (at the end of 2008, there were six states in that category).
    [Show full text]
  • Australia's Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise
    AUSTRALIA’S NAVAL SHIPBUILDING ENTERPRISE Preparing for the 21st Century JOHN BIRKLER JOHN F. SCHANK MARK V. ARENA EDWARD G. KEATING JOEL B. PREDD JAMES BLACK IRINA DANESCU DAN JENKINS JAMES G. KALLIMANI GORDON T. LEE ROGER LOUGH ROBERT MURPHY DAVID NICHOLLS GIACOMO PERSI PAOLI DEBORAH PEETZ BRIAN PERKINSON JERRY M. SOLLINGER SHANE TIERNEY OBAID YOUNOSSI C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1093 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9029-4 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Australian government will produce a new Defence White Paper in 2015 that will outline Australia’s strategic defense objectives and how those objectives will be achieved.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Offshore Energy Development Law and Policy Review and Recommendations
    E N V I R O N M E N T A L L A W I N S T I T U T E Virginia Offshore Energy Development Law and Policy Review and Recommendations Prepared by Environmental Law Institute® for the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program December 2008 VIRGINIA OFFSHORE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT LAW AND POLICY REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS Prepared by Environmental Law Institute for the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program #NA07NOS4190178 #NA06NOS4190241 December 22, 2008 Table of Contents I. Introduction……………………………………………………………...1 Virginia Energy Policies and Legislation……………………………………....1 Summary of Results……………………………………………………………..3 II. Offshore Energy Development & Impacts………………………........4 Natural Gas/Oil Development on the OCS…………………………………….4 Offshore Wind Energy Facilities…………………………………………….....6 Offshore Wave Energy Facilities……………………………………………...14 III. Federal Jurisdiction………………………………………,…………21 IV. State Laws Relevant to Offshore Energy Spatial Location……......31 Massachusetts Oceans Act of 2008…………………………………………….31 California: Ocean Protection Act and Marine Life Protection Act…………34 Rhode Island: Ocean Special Area Management Plan……………………….38 Oregon: Territorial Sea Plan.……..…………………………………………...41 Other States……………………………………………………………………..43 V. State Regulatory Laws Related to Offshore Energy Projects………45 Massachusetts…………………………………………………………………..45 North Carolina………………………………………………………………….51 Delaware...………………………………………………………………………56 Texas…………………………………………………………………………….60 Oregon…………………………………………………………………………...62 Washington……...………………………………………………………………66 VI. Virginia
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Shipyard Visits Public Report
    Foreign Shipyard Visits Final Report Singapore and South Korea – April, 2011 Italy and Spain – May, 2011 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited July 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 4 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 6 4. APPROACH AND FOCUS AREAS ......................................................................................................... 11 5. KEY OBSERVATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 13 6. PROPOSED ACTIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... 16 7. APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................... 7.1 Report of Team Observations – Asian Shipyard Visit................................................................. 17 7.2 Report of Team Observations – European Shipyard Visit .......................................................... 29 7.3 Overview of the Asian and European Shipyards Visited ............................................................ 38 7.4
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Wind Farm Data September 2008 Yih-Huei Wan
    Technical Report Summary Report of Wind NREL/TP-500-44348 Farm Data May 2009 September 2008 Yih-huei Wan Technical Report Summary Report of Wind NREL/TP-500-44348 Farm Data May 2009 September 2008 Yih-huei Wan Prepared under Task No. WER8.5001 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Market Report & Insights 2020
    RAMPION OFFSHORE WIND FARM — COURTESY OF ATKINS THE BUSINESS NETWORK FOR OFFSHORE WIND U.S. OFFSHORE WIND MARKET REPORT & INSIGHTS 2020 MEMBERS ONLY The Business Network for Offshore Wind’s2020 U.S. Offshore Wind Market and Insights offers an analysis of federal and state government activity to better understand how it may affect your business planning and the industry holistically. The federal government has turned its attention to the burgeoning industry to offer more regulation. Congress and federal agencies beyond the Department of Interior’s Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management and U.S. Department of Energy are now affecting how the offshore wind industry will operate into the future. This report also discusses how some of the challenges facing offshore wind are being addressed. The health and safety of workers – whether onshore or offshore – are a paramount tenet within the industry. Particular- ly at this time, the offshore industry remains proactive in its response to the coronavirus epidemic, having put in place telework directives, eliminating unnecessary travel, and following government guidelines. As a result of these protocols, Europe has reported minimal disruptions to the supply chains and the 15 offshore wind projects in the U.S., remain in the planning and development stages. It is too soon to know exactly how the global COVID-19 epidemic disruption will affect the U.S. offshore wind in- dustry. Our main concern centers around the economic hardship a long-term shutdown and recession would place on secondary and tertiary U.S. suppliers. It is important to point out, however, that there is almost 10GWs of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Contracts for Offshore Wind Energy Generation
    D.P.U. 21-40 Responses to the Department’s First Set of Information Requests Attachment DPU 1-12 Page 1 of 156 H.O.: Alice Davey February 23, 2021 Patrick Woodcock Commissioner Department of Energy Resources 100 Cambridge St. Suite 1020, Boston, MA 02114 Subject: 1600 MW Offshore Wind RFP The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined Environmental Justice as follows: “Environmental justice (EJ) is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies”. In other words, Environmental Justice is racial justice. As currently drafted, the 1600 MW Offshore Wind RFP fails to make support of environmental justice an important element of the RFP selection criteria, thus leaving the opportunity for the project to have a profound environmental and economic impact on the Commonwealth’s too numerous environmental justice communities to the good will of project developers. We can and must do better. This is the largest such project in the Commonwealth’s history and represents a capital investment of between $4-5B. The workers and companies engaged in this solicitation have a leg up to become the leaders of tomorrow’s offshore wind industry. Your Administration projects that half of Massachusetts’ energy may come from offshore wind by 2050. This solicitation represents just the beginning of what will be tens of billions of dollars’ worth of economic activity and tens of thousands of jobs in the decades ahead. Choices made today set the course for industry growth and workforce development for the years to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Vessel Requirements for the U.S. Offshore Wind Sector
    Assessment of Vessel Requirements for the U.S. Offshore Wind Sector Prepared for the Department of Energy as subtopic 5.2 of the U.S. Offshore Wind: Removing Market Barriers Grant Opportunity 24th September 2013 Disclaimer This Report is being disseminated by the Department of Energy. As such, the document was prepared in compliance with Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106-554) and information quality guidelines issued by the Department of Energy. Though this Report does not constitute “influential” information, as that term is defined in DOE’s information quality guidelines or the Office of Management and Budget's Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review (Bulletin), the study was reviewed both internally and externally prior to publication. For purposes of external review, the study and this final Report benefited from the advice and comments of offshore wind industry stakeholders. A series of project-specific workshops at which study findings were presented for critical review included qualified representatives from private corporations, national laboratories, and universities. Acknowledgements Preparing a report of this scope represented a year-long effort with the assistance of many people from government, the consulting sector, the offshore wind industry and our own consortium members. We would like to thank our friends and colleagues at Navigant and Garrad Hassan for their collaboration and input into our thinking and modeling. We would especially like to thank the team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) who prepared many of the detailed, technical analyses which underpinned much of our own subsequent modeling.
    [Show full text]