DOCSLIB.ORG

20 4 319 322 Nekhaeva & Nekhaev.P65

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Arthropoda Selecta 20(4): 319322 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2011 On the spider fauna of Bolshoy Aynov Island (Barents Sea) (Arachnida: Aranei) Ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ îñòðîâà Áîëüøîé Àéíîâ (Áàðåíöåâî ìîðå) (Arachnida: Aranei) Anna A. Nekhaeva1 & Ivan O. Nekhaev2 À.À. Íåõàåâà1, È.Î. Íåõàåâ2 1 Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071 Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè è ýâîëþöèè ÐÀÍ, Ëåíèíñêèé ïð. 33, Ìîñêâà 119071 Ðîññèÿ. 2 Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirskaya str. 17, Murmansk 183008 Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ìóðìàíñêèé ìîðñêîé áèîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò ÊÍÖ ÐÀÍ, óë. Âëàäèìèðñêàÿ 17, Ìóðìàíñê 183008 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Spiders, Kola Peninsula, tundra, island fauna. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Ïàóêè, Êîëüñêèé ïîëóîñòðîâ, òóíäðà, îñòðîâíàÿ ôàóíà. ABSTRACT. An annotated list of 17 spider species part of Barents Sea. The Island is about 2 km long and of 4 families based on personal collecting from Bolshoy represents a flat plain with the extensive boggy depres- Aynov Island (Varangerfjord, Barents Sea) is presented. sion and numerous lakes in its SE part. Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833 is recorded from The studied area belongs to the Kola subprovince the tundra zone of Kola Peninsula for the first time. of the southern subarctic tundra [Aleksandrova, 1977], which is characterized by poor development of lichen ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Ïðèâåäåí àííîòèðîâàííûé ñïèñîê ïà- and widespread undershrub communities alternated with óêîâ îñòðîâà Áîëüøîé Àéíîâ (Âàðàíãåð-ôüîðä, Áà- swamps, peatbogs and anthropogenic meadows [Be- ðåíöåâî ìîðå), ñîñòàâëåííûé íà îñíîâå ñîáñòâåí- reslina, 1987]. The island has no permanent human íûõ ñáîðîâ, è âêëþ÷àþùèé 17 âèäîâ èç 4 ñåìåéñòâ. population, but rather a seasonal research station and Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833 âïåðâûå îòìå÷åí lighthouse. äëÿ ôàóíû ïàóêîâ òóíäðîâîé çîíû Êîëüñêîãî ï-îâà. The material was collected from 12 localities (Fig. 2) during the period of 26 May 26 June 2008 by Introduction pitfall traps (with 70% ethanol), soil sampling and hand collecting. Details of the collecting localities are Spider fauna of the Kola Peninsula is well docu- as follows: mented by Tanasevitch, Rybalov [2010] and Ta- 1. Meadow near the seashore, with Carex spp., nasevitch, Kamayev [2011], whereas that of coastal Anthriscus silvestris, Angelica archangelica, dried islands is poorly known. Only two spider species grass, woody debris (69°49,964'N, 31°34,059'E); pit- Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) and Pardosa fall traps under drift wood. 2. Meadow with stands of Anthriscus sp. and An- palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) have been recorded by gelica sp. (69°50,087'N, 31°33,807'E); pitfall trap in Fedotov [1912] and Vasilyeva, Nekhaev [2009] from dried grass and woody debris. Bolshoy Aynov Island. Limited information on the spi- 3. Wetland with Salix sp. stands (69°50,149'N, ders of adjacent Arctic territories of Norway was pro- 31°33,810'E); pitfall trap in woody debris and dried vided by Aakra et al. [2000]. grass. This study is based on a small spider collection 4. Undershrub tundra, with Empetrum hermaphro- made by the second author on Bolshoy Aynov Island in ditum near lighthouse (69°50,280' N, 31°33,798' E); 2008. The material is temporally stored in the personal pitfall trap in Polytrichum sp. authors' collection and will be passed in the Zoological 5. Meadow with Anthriscus sp. and Angelica sp., Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow. near bathhouse. 6. Anthropogenic meadow near the lighthouse. Study area, material and methods 7. Microdepression on slope with ferns, Rumex sp. and Empetrum hermaphroditum, near the lighthouse. Bolshoy Aynov Island (Fig. 1) is situated in Varang- 8. A well, from water surface. erfjord, 5 km west of the Sredniy Peninsula, the SW 9. Indoor. 320 A.A. Nekhaeva & I.O. Nekhaev Fig. 1. Geographic location of Bolshoy Aynov Island. Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòîðàñïîëîæåíèå î-âà Áîëüøîé Àéíîâ. 10. Peatbog, among dried grass and young spears (69°50,104' N, 31°34,021' E). 11. Microdepression on slope with ferns, Rumex sp. and Empetrum hermaphroditum. 12. Meadow with Chamaepericlymenum suecicum, Rubus chamaemorus, Rumex sp. and Empetrum hermaphroditum. In the following text, numbers in square brackets correspond to the aforementioned localities. Distribu- tional species patterns follow Tanasevitch, Kamayev [2011]. List of spiders Fam. LINYPHIIDAE (14) Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall, 1841) MATERIAL. 1 $ [1], 69.VI.2008; 2 $$, 1 #, same locality, 1315.VI.2008; 1 $, same locality, 1517.VI.2008; 1 $ [2], 15 17.VI.2008; 1 $, 1 #, same locality, 1720.VI.2008; 1 $ [3], 24 26.VI.2008. RANGE. Holarctic polyzonal. Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) Bolyphantes luteolus. Fedotov, 1912: 461. MATERIAL. 1 $ [1], 2931.V.2008. Fig. 2. Map of Bolshoy Aynov Island with collecting localities. COMMENTS. This is one of the northernmost Ðèñ. 2. Êàðòà î-âà Áîëüøîé Àéíîâ è òî÷êè ñáîðîâ. records of the species. On the spider fauna of Bolshoy Aynov Island (Barents Sea) (Arachnida: Aranei) 321 RANGE. Palaearctic boreo-nemoral. Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833 MATERIAL. 1 $ [8], 15.VI.08. Centromerus arcanus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) COMMENTS. This is one of the northernmost MATERIAL. 1 # [1], 1517.VI.2008; 2 ## [5], 2425.VI.2008. records of the species. COMMENTS. This is the northernmost record of RANGE. Holarctic polyzonal. the species. RANGE. Palaearctic polyzonal. Walckenaeria kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) MATERIAL. 1 $ [8], 15.VI.08; 1 $ [02], 1720.VI.2008. Hilaira herniosa (Thorell, 1875) COMMENTS. This is one of the northernmost MATERIAL. 2 $$, 1 # [2], 31.V2.VI.2008; 1 $ [3], 13 records of the species. 15.VI.2008. RANGE. Palaearctic boreo-nemoral. RANGE. Holarctic boreal. Fam. LYCOSIDAE (1) Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834) MATERIAL. 2 ## [4], 911.VI.2008; 1 #, same, 15 17.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, 1720.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) 2022.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, 2425.VI.2008; 1 # [6], 17 Lycosa tarsalis. Fedotov, 1912: 468. 20.VI.2008; 3 $$, same locality, 2425.VI.2008. Pardosa palustris. Vasilyeva, Nekhaev, 2009: 3334. RANGE. Palaearctic polyzonal. MATERIAL. 1 # [6], 1720.VI.2008; 7 $$, 3 ##, same locality, 2425.VI.2008; 2 $$, 3 ## [3], 2022.VI.2008; 2 ## [4], 2022.VI.2008; 4 $$, 2 ##, same locality, 2425.VI.2008; 1 Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854) $, 6 ## [7], 2425.VI.2008. MATERIAL. 1 $ [2], 911.VI.2008; 1 #, same locality, 17 RANGE. Holarctic polyzonal. 20.VI.2008. COMMENTS. This is the northernmost record of the species. Fam. THERIDIIDAE (1) RANGE. Palaearctic boreo-nemoral. Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851) MATERIAL. 2 $$ [9], 15.VI.08. RANGE. Holarctic. MATERIAL. 1 $ [4], 46.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, 13 15.VI.2008; 1 $, same locality, 1517.VI.2008; 1 $ [6], 17 20.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, 2022.VI.2008; 3 $$, 1 #, same Fam. THOMISIDAE (1) locality, 2425.VI.2008. RANGE. Palaearctic polyzonal. Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846) MATERIAL. 1 # [4], 2425.VI.2008. Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell, 1872) RANGE. Palaearctic polyzonal. MATERIAL. 1 # [1], 69.VI.2008; 1 #, same, 1113.VI.2008; 1 #, same, 1720.VI.2008. RANGE. Holarctic boreal. Discussion Oryphantes angulatus (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1881) The studied material from Bolshoy Aynov Island MATERIAL. 1 # [2], 46.VI.2008; 2 $$, same locality, 13 15.VI.2008; 1 $, 1 #, same locality, 1517.VI.2008; 1 # [6], 24 comprise of 95 adult specimens belonging to 17 spider 25.VI.2008. species of 4 families. Two species, Pardosa palustris COMMENTS. This is one of the northernmost and Bolyphantes luteolus, were earlier recorded from records of the species. the island by Fedotov [1912] and Vasilyeva & Nekhaev RANGE. European boreo-nemoral. [2009]. Savignia frontata is reported for the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula for the first time. Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833 Bolshoy Aynov Island is the northernmost locality of MATERIAL. 1 $ [1], 1315.VI.2008; 1 $, same locality, 15 the known distribution of eight species: B. luteolus, S. 17.VI.2008; 1 # [5], 2425.VI.2008. frontata, Centromerus arcanus, Micrargus herbigra- COMMENTS. This is the northernmost record of dus, Oryphantes angulatus, Semljicola faustus, Walck- the species, which is reported from the coastal zone of enaeria cuspidata and W. kochi. the Kola Peninsula for the first time. The highest species diversity is observed in the RANGE. West Palaearctic polyzonal. locality 2 where six species were found. The largest number of specimens per biotope (28) was recorded in Semljicola faustus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) the locality 4. Yet, representatives of the families MATERIAL. 1 $ [2], 1113.VI.2008. COMMENTS. This is one of the northernmost Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Thomisidae were found in the records of the species. undershrub tundra only, whereas the theridiid Steatoda RANGE. Fennoscandian-Siberian boreal. bipunctata was only found indoor. Due to the limited material studied it is difficult to Tiso aestivus (L. Koch, 1872) provide a detailed chorological analysis. However, the MATERIAL. 1 $ [12], 25.VI.08. structure of spider fauna of the island is similar to those RANGE. Holarctic polyzonal. both of the Kola Peninsula coast [Tanasevitch, Ry- 322 A.A. Nekhaeva & I.O. Nekhaev balov, 2010; Tanasevitch, Kamayev, 2011] and of the References northern Norway coast [Aakra et al., 2000]. The linyphi- ids constitute the majority of species and individuals. Aakra K., Hanssen O., Ødegaard F. 2000. A collection of spiders (Araneae) from palsa bogs in the vicinity of Vardø, northern The spider fauna of Bolshoy Aynov Island consists of Norway // Fauna norv. Vol. 20. P.4347. boreal and polyzonal widespread species, except for Aleksandrova V.D. 1977. [Geobotanical subdivision of the Arctic only O. angulatus having a European range. and Antarctic]. L.: Nauka Publ. 189 p. [in Russian]. Bereslina I.P. 1987. [Plants and waterfowl birds of marine islands of the Kola Subarctic]. L.: Nauka Publ. 200 p. [in Russian]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We are very grateful to Dr Fedotov D.M.
Recommended publications
  • Surface-Active Spiders (Araneae) in Ley and Field Margins

    Surface-Active Spiders (Araneae) in Ley and Field Margins

    Norw. J. Entomol. 51, 57–66. 2004 Surface-active spiders (Araneae) in ley and field margins Reidun Pommeresche Pommeresche, R. 2004. Surface-active spiders (Araneae) in ley and field margins. Norw. J. Entomol. 51, 57-66. Surface-active spiders were sampled from a ley and two adjacent field margins on a dairy farm in western Norway, using pitfall traps from April to June 2001. Altogether, 1153 specimens, represent- ing 33 species, were found. In total, 10 species were found in the ley, 16 species in the edge of the ley, 22 species in the field margin “ley/forest” and 16 species in the field margin “ley/stream”. Erigone atra, Bathyphantes gracilis, Savignia frontata and Collinsia inerrans were the most abun- dant species in the ley. C. inerrans was not found in the field margins. This species is previously recorded only a few times in Norway. Diplocephalus latifrons, Tapinocyba insecta, Dicymbium tibiale, Bathyphantes nigrinus and Diplostyla concolor were most abundant in the field margin “ley/ forest”. D. latifrons, D. tibiale and Pardosa amentata were most abundant in the field margin “ley/ stream”, followed by E. atra and B. gracilis. The present results were compared to results from ley and pasture on another farm in the region, recorded in 2000. A Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA) of the data sets showed that the spider fauna from the leys were more similar, independent of location, than the fauna in ley and field margins on the same locality. The interactions between cultivated fields and field margins according to spider species composition, dominance pattern and habitat preferences are discussed.
  • A Summary List of Fossil Spiders

    A Summary List of Fossil Spiders

    A summary list of fossil spiders compiled by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin) Suggested citation: Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2010. A summary list of fossil spiders. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Last udated: 10.12.2009 INTRODUCTION Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet’s Bibliographia Araneorum and are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet’s time there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the spider fossil record and numerous new taxa have been described. As part of a larger project to catalog the diversity of fossil arachnids and their relatives, our aim here is to offer a summary list of the known fossil spiders in their current systematic position; as a first step towards the eventual goal of combining fossil and Recent data within a single arachnological resource. To integrate our data as smoothly as possible with standards used for living spiders, our list follows the names and sequence of families adopted in the Catalog. For this reason some of the family groupings proposed in Wunderlich’s (2004, 2008) monographs of amber and copal spiders are not reflected here, and we encourage the reader to consult these studies for details and alternative opinions. Extinct families have been inserted in the position which we hope best reflects their probable affinities. Genus and species names were compiled from established lists and cross-referenced against the primary literature.
  • SRS News 66.Pub

    SRS News 66.Pub

    www.britishspiders.org.uk S.R.S. News. No. 66 In Newsl. Br. arachnol. Soc. 117 Spider Recording Scheme News March 2010, No. 66 Editor: Peter Harvey; [email protected]@britishspiders.org.uk My thanks to those who have contributed to this issue. S.R.S. News No. 67 will be published in July 2010. Please send contributions by the end of May at the latest to Peter Harvey, 32 Lodge Lane, GRAYS, Essex, RM16 2YP; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Editorial Hillyard noted that it had been recorded at Edinburgh. This was not mapped, but probably refers to a record from As usual I am very grateful to all the contributors who have provided articles for this issue. Please keep the Lothian Wildlife Information Centre ‘Secret Garden providing articles. Survey’. The species was found in Haddington, to the Work on a Spider Recording Scheme website was east of Edinburgh and south of the Firth of Forth in delayed by hiccups in the OPAL grant process and the October 1995 (pers. comm. Bob Saville). These records timeslot originally set aside for the work has had to be appear on the National Biodiversity Network Gateway. reorganised. Work should now be completed by the end of D. ramosus is generally synanthropic and is common May this year. in gardens where it can be beaten from hedges and trees, As always many thanks are due to those Area especially conifers. However many peoples’ first Organisers, MapMate users and other recorders who have experience of this species will be of seeing it spread- provided their records to the scheme during 2009 and eagled on a wall (especially if the wall is whitewashed – early this year.
  • Yorkshire Union Yorkshire Union the Naturalist Vol

    Yorkshire Union Yorkshire Union the Naturalist Vol

    Volume 137 Number 1079 April 2012 Yorkshire Union Yorkshire Union The Naturalist Vol. 137 No. 1079 April 2012 Contents Editorial p1 Dr Roger Key: President of the YNU, 2011-2012 p2 I only wanted to watch the birds John Wint p3 Yorkshire’s Dark Bordered Beauty David Baker p11 On the recent appearance of the Black-bellied Angler in the central North Sea D.E. Whittaker p16 Composition of social groups of Long-finned Pilot Whales which stranded on the Holderness and Lincolnshire coasts in 1982 and 1985 Colin A. Howes p21 Historical notes on the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union’s first Marine Biology Committee Colin A. Howes p26 Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae parasitic on birds in Yorkshire Barry Nattress p29 A study of the parasitoids of the Horse-chestnut Leaf-miner in a Yorkshire garden Derek Parkinson p34 Greater Wax Moth in Yorkshire* Colin A. Howes p38 Spiders of Rodley Nature Reserve* Richard Wilson p42 A selection of interesting plant galls seen in Yorkshire in 2011 John Newbould p48 Botanical Report for 2011 Phyl Abbott p51 Spider recording in Watsonian Yorkshire during 2011 Richard Wilson p56 Obituaries - Eric Thompson, Donald Henry Smith, Michael J.A. Thompson p67 YNU Excursion Circulars 2012 p72 The Naturalist guide to consistency p77 Calendar of Events 2012 p78 Erratum: p33 Book reviews: p50, 63-65 Letters to the Editors: p15, 60 YNU Notices: p62 An asterisk* indicates a peer-reviewed paper Front cover: Feather mite Analges mucronatus m. Compare this with the quill mites illustrated on p31. Photo: B.Nattress Back cover: Dark-bordered Beauty moths Epione vespertaria (Upper: male, Lower: female).
  • Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Org Divers Evol (2010) 10:297–310 Author's personal copy DOI 10.1007/s13127-010-0023-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Progress in erigonine spider phylogeny—the Savignia-group is not monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Holger Frick & Wolfgang Nentwig & Christian Kropf Received: 1 December 2009 /Accepted: 16 March 2010 /Published online: 11 June 2010 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2010 Abstract We present the most inclusive study on the Savignia frontata, and two representatives each of Erigonella, higher-level phylogeny of erigonine spiders, including Dicymbium and Araeoncus combine to form a monophyletic about 30% of all erigonine genera. By expanding the clade. previously most comprehensive analysis (Miller and Hormiga Cladistics 20:385–442, 2004) we tested the robustness of its Keywords Phylogeny. Morphology . Complex genital results to the addition of closely related taxa, and also the organs . Dwarf spiders . Erigoninae monophyly of the Savignia-group defined by Millidge (Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 4:1–60, 1977). The character matrix was expanded by adding 18 Introduction newly scored species in 15 genera, and also includes all species scored by other authors. This adds up to 98 species Linyphiidae are the second most diverse spider family in in 91 erigonine genera plus 13 outgroup taxa. The the world and the most diverse in the northern hemisphere, parsimony analysis led to eight fully resolved most including 4359 species in 576 genera (Platnick 2010). The parsimonious trees (L=1084). The topology concerning systematics of Linyphiidae struggles with a tremendous the taxa basal to the ‘distal erigonines’ remained amount of genera with ambiguous genus delimitations. A unchanged, and the latter clade still shares 67% of all morphological phylogeny at genus level is therefore nodes with the original analysis.
  • ZOOTAXA 109: 1-8 (2002) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) ZOOTAXA 109 Copyright © 2002 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)

    ZOOTAXA 109: 1-8 (2002) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) ZOOTAXA 109 Copyright © 2002 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)

    ZOOTAXA 109: 1-8 (2002) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 109 Copyright © 2002 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new Savignia from Cretan caves (Araneae: Linyphiidae) JAN BOSSELAERS & HANS HENDERICKX ”Dochterland”, R. novarumlaan 2, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium. [email protected] and Hemelrijkstraat 4, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [email protected] Abstract Savignia naniplopi sp. nov. is described from one male and nine female specimens collected in two adjacent limestone caves in Crete. The taxonomy of the Savignia group of species and the relation- ships of the new species are discussed. Key words: Arachnida, Araneae, Linyphiidae, Savignia, new species, Greece, Crete, cave, troglo- biont Introduction Blackwall (1833) created the genus Savignia Blackwall, 1833 in order to accomodate the peculiar linyphiid spider Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833. Many authors (Simon 1926; Wiehle 1960; Millidge 1977; Roberts 1987; Eskov 1988, 1991; Heimer & Nentwig 1991) have since spelled the genus name as Savignya but, in spite of the fact that Blackwall ded- icated the genus to the entomologist and arachnologist Jules-César Savigny, the original orthography is now used (Platnick 2002). In a later publication, Blackwall (1864: 318) transferred Savignia frontata to Walckenaeria with the following argument: ”This spider, on which the genus Savignia was founded, was supposed, when discovered, to have only six eyes. Since then it has been found to possess an additional pair of visual organs, diffi- cult to be discerned, situated towards the front of the apex of its conical cephalic promi- nence; consequently it had to be removed from the tribe Senoculina, in which a place had been assigned to it, to the genus Walckenaëra, with the spiders of which genus it is con- nected by marked relations of affinity.” Hull (1909) returned Walckenaeria frontata to Sav- ignia.
  • Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Org Divers Evol (2010) 10:297–310 Author's personal copy DOI 10.1007/s13127-010-0023-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Progress in erigonine spider phylogeny—the Savignia-group is not monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Holger Frick & Wolfgang Nentwig & Christian Kropf Received: 1 December 2009 /Accepted: 16 March 2010 /Published online: 11 June 2010 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2010 Abstract We present the most inclusive study on the Savignia frontata, and two representatives each of Erigonella, higher-level phylogeny of erigonine spiders, including Dicymbium and Araeoncus combine to form a monophyletic about 30% of all erigonine genera. By expanding the clade. previously most comprehensive analysis (Miller and Hormiga Cladistics 20:385–442, 2004) we tested the robustness of its Keywords Phylogeny. Morphology . Complex genital results to the addition of closely related taxa, and also the organs . Dwarf spiders . Erigoninae monophyly of the Savignia-group defined by Millidge (Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 4:1–60, 1977). The character matrix was expanded by adding 18 Introduction newly scored species in 15 genera, and also includes all species scored by other authors. This adds up to 98 species Linyphiidae are the second most diverse spider family in in 91 erigonine genera plus 13 outgroup taxa. The the world and the most diverse in the northern hemisphere, parsimony analysis led to eight fully resolved most including 4359 species in 576 genera (Platnick 2010). The parsimonious trees (L=1084). The topology concerning systematics of Linyphiidae struggles with a tremendous the taxa basal to the ‘distal erigonines’ remained amount of genera with ambiguous genus delimitations. A unchanged, and the latter clade still shares 67% of all morphological phylogeny at genus level is therefore nodes with the original analysis.
  • Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Progress in Erigonine Spider Phylogeny—The Savignia-Group Is Not Monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

    Org Divers Evol (2010) 10:297–310 DOI 10.1007/s13127-010-0023-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Progress in erigonine spider phylogeny—the Savignia-group is not monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Holger Frick & Wolfgang Nentwig & Christian Kropf Received: 1 December 2009 /Accepted: 16 March 2010 /Published online: 11 June 2010 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2010 Abstract We present the most inclusive study on the Savignia frontata, and two representatives each of Erigonella, higher-level phylogeny of erigonine spiders, including Dicymbium and Araeoncus combine to form a monophyletic about 30% of all erigonine genera. By expanding the clade. previously most comprehensive analysis (Miller and Hormiga Cladistics 20:385–442, 2004) we tested the robustness of its Keywords Phylogeny. Morphology . Complex genital results to the addition of closely related taxa, and also the organs . Dwarf spiders . Erigoninae monophyly of the Savignia-group defined by Millidge (Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 4:1–60, 1977). The character matrix was expanded by adding 18 Introduction newly scored species in 15 genera, and also includes all species scored by other authors. This adds up to 98 species Linyphiidae are the second most diverse spider family in in 91 erigonine genera plus 13 outgroup taxa. The the world and the most diverse in the northern hemisphere, parsimony analysis led to eight fully resolved most including 4359 species in 576 genera (Platnick 2010). The parsimonious trees (L=1084). The topology concerning systematics of Linyphiidae struggles with a tremendous the taxa basal to the ‘distal erigonines’ remained amount of genera with ambiguous genus delimitations. A unchanged, and the latter clade still shares 67% of all morphological phylogeny at genus level is therefore nodes with the original analysis.
  • A Little Learning Is a Dangerous Thing – on the Usefulness of Barcode Data for Genus-Level Taxonomy

    A Little Learning Is a Dangerous Thing – on the Usefulness of Barcode Data for Genus-Level Taxonomy

    Ecologica Montenegrina 22: 40-49 (2019) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em A little learning is a dangerous thing – on the usefulness of barcode data for genus-level taxonomy RAINER BREITLING Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20 June 2019│ Accepted by V. Pešić: 30 July 2019 │ Published online: 1 August 2019. Over the last 40 years, the analysis of molecular genetic markers has become a generally accepted and largely uncontroversial component of the taxonomist’s tool kit. In an early review of the field, one of its pioneers, John C. Avise, stated that the only valid reasons not to employ molecular genetic markers are the considerable training required and the high monetary costs involved (Avise 1994:15). The wide availability of easy-to-use online tools for molecular phylogenetic analysis, the predominance of (DNA) sequence-based markers, which are particularly straightforward to analyse, and the gradual acceptance of the foundations of molecular genetics as part of a rounded general education have largely addressed the first impediment. Rapidly accumulating, freely available public datasets of molecular marker information are now promising to overcome the second barrier, bringing affordable molecular marker information within easy reach of any taxonomists with an internet connection. In particular, sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI), collected in vast numbers as molecular ―barcodes‖ for rapid species identification and biodiversity assessments (Hebert et al. 2003; Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007), could be an unprecedented resource in this respect. In a recent publication in this journal (Breitling 2019a), I presented evidence that publicly available DNA barcode sequences can form a highly valuable source of complementary information to supplement morphological data and help resolve controversial taxonomic issues at the genus level.
  • Higher Level Phylogenetics of Erigonine Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)

    Higher Level Phylogenetics of Erigonine Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)

    * Higher Level Phylogenetics of Erigonine Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae) GUSTAVO HORMIGA m I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 609 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
  • The Epigeic Spider Fauna of Single-Row Hedges in a Danish Agricultural Landscape

    The Epigeic Spider Fauna of Single-Row Hedges in a Danish Agricultural Landscape

    237 European Arachnology 2000 (S. Toft & N. Scharff eds.), pp. 237-242. © Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 2002. ISBN 87 7934 001 6 (Proceedings of the 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Århus 17-22 July 2000) The epigeic spider fauna of single-row hedges in a Danish agricultural landscape SØREN TOFT1 & GABOR L. LÖVEI2 1Department of Zoology, University of Aarhus, Building 135, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark ([email protected]) 2Danish Institute of Agricultural Science, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Department of Crop Protection, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark ([email protected]) Abstract To characterise arthropod biodiversity supported by one type of non-cultivated habitat patches in a cultivated Danish landscape, ground-active arthropods were collected by pitfall traps in three single-row hedgerow types near Bjerringbro, central Jutland, Denmark. Three each of hawthorn (Crategus monogyna), rowan (Sorbus intermedia), or white spruce (Picea glauca) hedgerows were sampled twice yearly, in early (June) and late summer (late August) using 20 pitfall traps per habitat patch (10 in centre, 10 at edge). A total of 71 spider species were identified among 1422 individu- als: 33 species (515 individuals) were found in hawthorn hedges, 52 species (653 individuals) in rowan, and 48 species (254 individuals) in spruce. Principal Component Analysis clearly separated the spider assemblages by tree species of the hedge. There was no difference between edge and central traps neither at the assemblage nor at the species level. Most species captured were char- acteristic of non-cultivated land (Diplostyla concolor, Diplocephalus latifrons, Oxyptila praticola, Zelotes pusillus), or associated with more permanent grassland rather than cultivated crops (Pardosa prati- vaga, Pachygnatha degeeri).
  • Quantifying Biodiversity in Farmland and Detecting Its Drivers

    Quantifying Biodiversity in Farmland and Detecting Its Drivers

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Quantifying biodiversity in farmland and detecting its drivers Lüscher, Gisela Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-107522 Dissertation Originally published at: Lüscher, Gisela. Quantifying biodiversity in farmland and detecting its drivers. 2014, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Quantifying Biodiversity in Farmland and Detecting its Drivers Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Gisela Lüscher von Turbenthal ZH Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. Andrew Hector (Vorsitz) Dr. Philippe Jeanneret (Leitung der Dissertation) Dr. Manuel K. Schneider (Leitung der Dissertation) Dr. Lindsay A. Turnbull Zürich, 2014 CONTENTS CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 SUMMARY 13 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 17 CHAPTER 1 21 Responses of Plants, Earthworms, Spiders and Bees to Geographic Location, Agricultural Management and Surrounding Landscape in European Arable Fields CHAPTER 2 59 Which Factors Structure Bee, Spider, Earthworm and Plant Communities in European Grasslands? SYNTHESIS OF CHAPTER 1 AND 2 115 Comparison of Species Diversity in European Arable and Grassland Fields CHAPTER 3 127 Gains to Species Diversity in Organically Farmed Fields are not Propagated at the Farm Level CHAPTER 4 161 Appropriate Metrics to Inform Farmers about Species Diversity GENERAL DISCUSSION 187 REFERENCES 191 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 205 CURRICULUM VITAE 209 1 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION GENERAL INTRODUCTION Biodiversity in farmland is an essential public good. However, it is hard to measure biodiversity and to assess the detailed consequences of agricultural production on it.