La Voie Maritime Du Saint-Laurent Cinquante Ans Et L’Avenir À Nos Portes

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La Voie Maritime Du Saint-Laurent Cinquante Ans Et L’Avenir À Nos Portes d’arcy jenish la voie maritime du saint-laurent Cinquante ans et l’avenir à nos portes Traduit de l’anglais par michel gaulin © 2009 corporation de gestion de la voie maritime du saint-laurent Aucun extrait de cette publication ne peut être Catalogage avant publication reproduit, sauvegardé dans un système de de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada recherche documentaire ou transmis par quelque procédé que ce soit sans le consentement jenish, d’arcy, 1952– préalable écrit de l’éditeur ou l’obtention d’une La Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent: cinquante licence de The Canadian Copyright Licensing ans et l'avenir à nos portes/D'Arcy Jenish; Agency (Access Copyright). traduction de Michel Gaulin. Traduction de: The St. Lawrence Seaway. penumbra press, éditeurs Comprend un index. Bo x 940 | Manotick, on | Canada isbn 97 8-1-897323-85-4 k4m 1a8 | www.penumbrapress.ca 1. Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent—Histoire. i. Gaulin, Michel ii. Titre. fc2763.2.j46 2009 386.5’09714 C2009-900896-3 La Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent | Table des matières Avant-propos, R ichard Corfe 9 1 La Voie maritime aujourd’hui 13 2 Promesse tenue, 1959–1969 29 3 Croissance et optimisme, 1969–1979 45 4 Des années difficiles, 1980–1992 62 5 Un nouveau départ, 1992–2002 79 6 La Voie maritime: l’avenir 98 Index 113 La Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent | Avant-propos J’étais bien loin de penser, quand je me suis joint à l’Administration de la voie maritime du Saint- Laurent, en 1983, que j’occuperais la présidence de l’organisme au moment où il célébrerait son cinquantième anniversaire! Quand j’ai été embauché, la Voie maritime amorçait un changement de direction. Elle avait mis en veilleuse ses objectifs de croissance pour se concentrer sur le maintien de ses acquis, modification de stratégie suscitée par la conjoncture économique difficile du début des années 1980. En tant qu’ingénieur en mécanique, mes antécédents se situaient du côté de la maintenance. Ma première responsabilité consista à mettre sur pied un programme d’optimisation des ressources qui permettrait de tirer le maximum de chaque dollar consacré au maintien du réseau. Cette initiative survenait au moment opportun, puisqu’au cours des trente mois qui allaient suivre, la Voie maritime aurait à affronter les conséquences de deux défaillances majeures d’infrastructure, l’une au pont de Valleyfield, sur la section Montréal-lac Richard Corfe, président de la Corporation de Gestion Ontario, l’autre à l’écluse 7 du canal Welland. de la Voie Maritime du Saint-Laurent. Ces «événements émotivement significatifs» pour En matière d’entretien du réseau, j’ai eu l’occasion la Voie maritime nous amenèrent à dire «plus de «prêcher par l’exemple», quand, vers la fin des jamais». Ils fournirent l’impulsion nécessaire à une années 1980, j’ai été muté au canal Welland comme remise en état, à mi-vie, de nos installations grâce, directeur de l’ingénierie et de la maintenance. J’ai notamment, au programme de réhabilitation du occupé par la suite le poste de vice-président canal Welland et à la mise sur pied d’un système adjoint pour la région Niagara, puis celui de vice- complet de gestion de l’infrastructure qui, compte président, Ingénierie, pour l’ensemble du réseau. tenu du vieillissement du réseau, nous a bien servis. Puis vint la commercialisation! Depuis plus de vingt ans maintenant, nous avons réussi à respecter l’engagement que nous avions Au cours des années récentes, j’ai souvent eu pris d’éviter des défaillances majeures, et nous l’occasion de parler du chemin que nous avons exploitons de façon coutumière l’ensemble du parcouru depuis notre statut de société d’État réseau à plus de 99 pour cent de disponibilité. Les modèle, à celui d’une corporation «sans but recherches se poursuivent, toutefois, en vue de lucratif» parfaitement rodée. En tant que société trouver le financement adéquat pour maintenir ce d’État, nous étions tournés sur nous-mêmes pour record enviable. faire en sorte de nous aligner sur des pratiques Avant-propos | 9 exemplaires dans tous les aspects de notre eu pour effet de faire mieux connaître le réseau exploitation, et d’avoir en place des systèmes Grands Lacs-Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent, tandis adéquats de gestion environnementale. que nos initiatives en matière de développement des marchés ont attiré un nouvel achalandage et En tant qu’organisme commercialisé, nous avons dû contribué à une diversification des cargaisons. Les adopter une approche axée sur l’extérieur, soit les occasions en ce sens abondent, dans le sillage de la besoins directs et immédiats de nos clients, qui récente Étude des Grands Lacs et de la Voie constituaient la véritable raison d’être de notre maritime du Saint-Laurent et de la stratégie de la nouveau statut. Puis, au fur et à mesure que la Porte continentale et du Corridor de commerce corporation atteignait sa vitesse de croisière, Ontario-Québec. démontrait sa valeur et réussissait à accroître son rôle dans l’industrie du transport maritime, nous en La corporation s’est donné pour mission d’assurer sommes venus progressivement à nous regarder de un avenir durable pour le réseau en accroissant au l’extérieur. Dans le cadre de cette démarche, nous maximum son utilisation, ce qui aura pour effet nous sommes penchés non seulement sur les d’accroître les effets bénéfiques qui en besoins directs de notre clientèle, mais sur ceux découleront pour les deux pays impliqués. En également de toutes les parties concernées et même temps, nous avons mis sur pied des nous avons élaboré une approche de «viabilité» initiatives destinées à minimiser les impacts que fondée sur l’intégration à nos activités courantes l’utilisation du réseau peut avoir sur d’autres que d’une politique de responsabilité sociale nous et pour gérer les coûts de façon à assurer un d’entreprise. juste équilibre de rendement à toutes les parties intéressées, y compris les populations du Canada La corporation s’est donné pour mission d’assurer un et des États-Unis par l’entremise de leurs avenir durable pour le réseau en accroissant au gouvernements respectifs. maximum son utilisation, ce qui aura pour e◊et d’accroître les e◊ets bénéfiques qui en découleront Dans ce contexte, avec une infrastructure en bon pour les deux pays impliqués. état sur laquelle asseoir l’avenir—et le financement nécessaire pour l’y maintenir—nous comptons sur Cette approche nous a amenés à reconnaître que la technologie moderne pour tirer du réseau des nous sommes l’un des usagers d’une richesse bénéfices maximums. partagée—le fleuve Saint-Laurent et les Grands Lacs—et que, alors que le transport maritime est Tout au long de l’histoire de la Voie maritime, essentiel à l’activité économique et à la l’innovation et le recours à des technologies compétitivité de bon nombre de nos industries, il nouvelles ont fait en sorte que son infrastructure nous faut forger avec d’autres intervenants des soit en mesure de répondre aux besoins du jour en liens de concertation si nous voulons assurer notre matière de transport. Cet état d’esprit persiste au succès et, sur la longue durée, notre viabilité. moment où nous célébrons notre cinquantième anniversaire. Les premiers systèmes de gestion du Si l’on jette un regard sur l’avenir, l’on peut dire que trafic ont évolué depuis les débuts et continuent à la Voie maritime a le vent dans les voiles. Nos le faire. Il y a cinq ans, la Voie maritime est devenue activités de marketing à la grandeur du réseau et la première voie navigable au monde à mettre en notre promotion de la marque Autoroute H2O ont service un système d’identification automatique 10 | jenish · La Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent (SIA), et des améliorations survenues depuis ont fait en sorte que le réseau reste à la fine pointe de la technologie. Au moment même où nous nous penchons sur l’avenir, nous sommes en passe de modifier l’ensemble de notre processus d’exploitation grâce à la mise en place de transits «mains libres». L’infrastructure de la Voie maritime du Saint- Laurent, construite dans les années 1950, et le canal Welland, en exploitation depuis 1932, ont été le fondement sur lequel le succès de l’entreprise a été édifié. Mais la Voie maritime n’aurait pu connaître ce succès si ce n’avait été de ses employés. Génération après génération, la Voie maritime a été bien servie par ses travailleurs—depuis ceux qui ont bâti le réseau, jusqu’à ceux qui en assurent l’exploitation et l’entretien, en passant par ceux qui œuvrent dans l’ombre pour assurer le support nécessaire à ses diverses activités. Ce livre leur est dédié, travailleurs et travailleuses, aussi bien anciens qu’actuels, au moment ou, ensemble, nous nous engageons dans un avenir qui s’annonce passionnant. —richard corfe Avant-propos | 11 1 | La Voie maritime aujourd’hui « Quiconque a fait l’expérience de la vie à bord d’un navire des Grands Lacs est en mesure d’apprécier le travail qui s’y accomplit, la compétence des membres de l’équipage et les défis auxquels ils font face. » wayne smith Premier vice-président, Affaires commerciales, Algoma Central Vêtu de façon décontractée dans une chemisette blanche et un pantalon court bleu marine, chaussé de sandales Birkenstock, le capitaine Werner Draenger apparaît bien reposé au moment où il remonte l’escalier conduisant de la cabine du commandant à la passerelle du NM Algomarine. Il s’arrête un instant à son poste, au-dessus de la proue du navire, et balaie du regard les eaux vert grisâtre du fleuve Saint-Laurent, quelque quarante pieds sous lui.
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