Session 2: Weaving BBB Principle into Reconstruction and Recovery

Overview of Japanese Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery in

Mr. Ichiro Kobayashi, Project Leader, JICA RRNE Project

1/50 Table of Contents 1. Overview of JICA Projects 2. Housing 3. School 4. Cultural Heritage 5. Other Infrastructure & Livelihood Recovery 6. Understanding Disaster Risk 7. Plan Formulation 8. Conclusion and Way Forward

2/50

1. Overview of JICA Projects

3/50 Basic Strategy of JICA

BBB Concept

Recovery of damaged houses, schools, infrastructure, livelihood Gorkha Resilient Earthquake Nepal Disaster Risk Analysis

2015 Present Future JICA’s unique contribution: Parallel implementation of recovery projects and disaster risk analysis for DRR actions to reduce future vulnerability. 4/50 Timeline

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Housing

School Hospital, Bridge

Water Supply Recovery

Small-scale Infra.

Livelihood KV Risk Assessment KV Resilience Plan

Rehabilitation and Risk Analysis Analysis Risk & DRR Action DRR & Recovery Plan

5/50 Location Map of JICA Projects

Source: Survey Department, Made by JICA Project Team 6/50 Financial Input

Amount Target Modality (Mill USD) Housing Loan 96 School Loan 112 Cultural Heritage Counterpart Fund 3 Hospital, Bridge, Grant 32 Water Supply Others 31 Total 275

Source: JICA 7/50 2. Housing Reconstruction

Providing financial assistance is USD 96 million in two districts Technical support for establishment of standard housing design including structural analysis ‒ Housing Catalogue ‒ Minimum Requirements Handbook, Guidebook and Video for safe houses Training for masons, engineers and house owners

8/50 Structural Calculation and Analysis

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) Static & FEM (Finite Element Method) were conducted and results were applied to the model design in the catalogue. 9/50 Design Catalogue Vol.1 reconstruction of earthquake resistant houses Contributed to DUDBC’s publication of Design Catalogue Vol.1:  SMC: Stone masonry in cement mortar  BMC: Brick masonry in cement mortar JICA Model  SMM: Stone masonry in mud mortar  BMM: Brick masonry in mud mortar

SMC-1.1 SMC-2.1

Source: DUDBC

BMC-1.2 BMC-2.1

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) Available at: http://www.dudbc.gov.np/download/cat/13 (Since Nov. 2015) 10/50 Minimum Requirements

MRs is simplified requirements for constructing safer house. These are guided by NBC* 202 and NBC 203, which are based on NBC 105 seismic design code. *NBC: Nepal National Building Code

For masonry For RC structure structure

12,000 copies of brochures distributed

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE), NRA 11/50 Handbook, Guidebook and Video

Technical handbook Guidebook for Technical video for for masons house owners masonry structures

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) These booklet were used in training since 2015. -More than 3,000 masons were trained and more than 6,000 house owners had training by JICA 12/50 TPIS- Target Area of Transitional Project Implementation ERP Support for Emergency Reconstruction Projects

Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team Primary Area: Gorkha and Sindhupalchowk Targets: Approx. 52,00013 /50HH TPIS- Training for Masons, Engineers and House OwnersERP  Accomplishment till 16th April 2017 • Technical document Housing catalog, Minimum requirement, Inspection guide line and Manual, Correction/Exception manual • 7days Mason Training: 72 times (2,157 masons) • 1day Refresher Training: 49 times (1,404 masons) • 1day House Owner Training :143 times (6,518 person) • Training of Trainers for MOUD-CLPIU engineers 19 times (493 engineers) • Inspection Training for MOUD-CLPIU engineers 15 times (401 engineers)

Source: JICA Project Team 14/50 TPIS- 最新の研修実施実績を次ページのものと統合した Training for Masons, Engineers and House OwnersERP 形で記載下さい。研修の様子のわかる写真も添え て下さい。 Upcoming activitiesも「これが目玉だ」と思えるもの を２，３点、このスライドに記載下さい。

Source: JICA Project Team(TPIS) After the training, many houses have vertical members and bands in their construction site. 15/50 TPIS- Transitional Project Implementation Support ERP for Emergency Reconstruction Projects  Planed upcoming activities • Technical document Structure manual such as Timber, Hybrid, Steel • 2day Refresher Training: 8 times (240 masons) • Correction/Exception Training for Masons :As Needed • Inspection Training for MOUD-CLPIU engineers 80 times (400 engineers x 4 times)

Source: JICA Project Team 16/50 TPIS- Transitional Project Implementation Support ERP for Emergency Reconstruction Projects  Planed Upcoming activities CBRC* Workshop and Support: 32 Mobile Mason Supervision:4 times VDCs CBRC: Community based reconstruction committee Support house owners and workers involved for Motivate CBRC activities to reconstruction through direct accelerate reconstruction of earthquake resilient houses by the supervision by the mobile mutual support among community masons make compliant peoples. houses.

Source: JICA Project Team(TPIS) 17/50

3. School Reconstruction Providing financial assistance in USD 112 million for 300 schools Technical support -Guideline -Type Design

18/50 Valley Resilient Plan Seismic Resistant Building Guidelines of School

Developed two volumes of Guidelines with CLPIU and ADB: 1. Guidelines for Developing Type Designs for School Buildings in Nepal 2. Interim Structural Design Criteria for Type Design of School Buildings 60 Types of Design

Academic Block Practical Block

Source : Prepared by JICA and ADB for DOE Multipurpose Hall Toilet Combine

19/50 Outline of School Reconstruction Loan

. Target: approx. 283 Schools in Gorkha, Dhading, Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Lalitpur and Makwanpur 1st Batch: 83 schools, ongoing 2nd Batch: 67 schools, to be started in July, 2017 3rd Batch: 133 schools, to be started in Nov, 2017 . School Reconstruction Principle:  Basic Secondary Public Schools  Complete School with Classrooms, Laboratory, Library, Computer Room, Music & Drawing Room, Toilet, Water Reservoir Tank and Fences  Reinforced Concrete Frame  Environmental Friendly  Child, Gender and Disabled (CGD) Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team friendly 20/50

Construction Progress

After EQ As of April 2017

To be completed in 2017 Shree Kalidevi higher secondary school PYUTAR, LALITPUR (Total No. of Students: 354)

Source: JICA Project Team(ESRP) 21/50

4. Cultural Heritage

22/50 Dispatch of Experts for Rehabiltation of Cultural Heritages Main Target Temples - Aganche Mandir, Hanuman Dhoka - Shiva Temple, Hanuman Dhoka - Degu Talle Temple, Patan Durbar Square JICA is the sole agency of dispatching experts to DOA The experts provide technical advices to DOA for the rehabilitation of the above mentioned temples and sustainable heritage management.

Shiva Temple Aganche Mandir Degu Talle Source:23 RTPM/50

5. Other Infrastructure and Livelihood Recovery Health Facility Transport and Water Supply Public Services Livelihood Recovery

24/50 Health Facility

Bir Hospital (Kathmandu) Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Area: 3,119m2 Hospital (Kathmandu) Area: 5,046m2

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE)25/50 Transport and Water Supply Facility Securing Access to Barpak Water Supply Recovery by Bridge Construction for Chautara

Thalkharka Actual Layout Majhuwa CC Water Source

Thalkharka CC

Holche CC Chitre CC 21.8 km

Syaule Junction

Legend

Collection Chamber (CC) Pressure Breaking Chamber

Water Treatment Plant

Reservoir

Thalkharka Line

Majhuwa Line

Holche Line Chautara WTP

0 1 2 3km • Renewal of pipeline totally 21.8 km long 5 Bridges, totally 289 meter long • Applied seismic resistant pipe material To be completed in September 2018 • 5952 beneficiaries

Source: Shangri-La Design Pvt. Ltd. , Survey Department Government of Nepal• To be completed in June 2018 26/50 Resuming Public Services RRNE Reconstruction of VDC Office Sin Reconstruction of dhu Gor (QIP-05) Police Office(QIP-04) kha

Thokarpa, Sindhupalchok Palungtar, Gorkha Reconstruction of DADO Office Reconstruction of Agriculture Facility (QIP-06) (QIP-07) Sin Sin dhu dhu

Bhotechaur Sindhupalchok

Chautara, Sindhupalchok

Resuming Public Services in a More Resilient Form

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) 27/50 Support for Women and the Vulnerable RRNE

Reconstruction of Women Establishment and Strengthening of Women’s Cooperative (QIP-18) Children Office Sin dhu (QIP-02) Gor kha

Formulation of Ward level Committees

Trainings on cooperative establishment Chautara, Sindhupalchok process Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) Strengthening the Foundation for Women and Vulnerable 28/50 Support for Livelihood Recovery RRNE

Gor Sin kha dhu Improvement of maize farming Gor Goat farming(QIP-19) practice for poor farmers (QIP-21) kha

Gor Sin Improvement Vegetable kha dhu Farming practices for women’s groups (QIP-20)

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE)

Livelihood Recovery and Improvement 29/50

6. Understanding Disaster Risk Seismic Risk Assessment of Digital Geo-Information Map Landslide Hazard Map in Gorkha and Sindhupalchok

30/50 Seismic Risk Assessment of KV  Selection of Scenario EQ

KV

Scenario Earthquakes Verification Earthquakes Far-Mid Western Western Nepal Central Nepal Gorkha Eq. Model 1934 Eq. Model Nepal Eq. Model Eq. Model South Eq. Model Magnitude 8.6 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.3 Type AdoptedReverse asReverse Scenario Reverse Reverse Reverse Source: Seismicity: ANSS Composite Earthquake Catalogue, USGS EQ for Risk Assessment and DMG Catalogue, compiled by JICA Project31 Team/50 Seismic Risk Assessment of KV  Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) Case CNS-2 2015 Gorkha EQ Estimated for verification 250 - 600

• The scenario EQ is stronger than 2015 EQ. • Mid-south of KV (a part of , Chandragiri, Godawari and Mahalaxmi) is particularly subject to strong ground motion. Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team 32/50

Seismic Risk Assessment of KV  Estimated Damage Buildings School

Bridge Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team • More damage expected against the scenario EQ than 2015 EQ. • Urgent reinforcement for existing bldg., infrastructure required. 33/50

Seismic Risk Assessment of KV Human Death Casualty Estimated Casualty (Case CNS-2) Weekend Daytime 15,526 Weekday Daytime 19,954 Night 22,179 Earthquake Occurrence Scenes

Death Distribution Death Ratio Distribution Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team 34/50

DRRM Plan for KV municipalities Result of Risk Assessment

Setting Target Value for DRR

Formulation of Disaster Risk Reduction December 2017 and Management Plan (DRRMP)

Formulation of Standard Operation Disaster Risk Reduction Procedure (SOP) September 2017

Break down Emergency for prompt Response and effective Emergency Recovery/ Response Reconstruction

Source: JICA Project Team(ERAKV) 35/50 Partnership with Academia Integrated Research on Great Earthquakes and Disaster Mitigation in Nepal Himalaya

Department of Mines and Geology & University of Tokyo

• More in-depth study on the earthquake mechanisms in Nepal Himalaya • Seismic hazard assessment, EQ observation system and education/policy implication to be delivered. • Project period: Aug. 2016 – Jul. 2021

Source:SATREPS 36/50 Formulation of Digital Geo-Information Maps RRNE

Digital Geo-information Status (Work Completed)

[Gorkha, Sindhupalchok] • Satellite Imagery (Before Earthquake/SPOT/1.5mResolution) • Landslide Identification Approx. 7,200 polygons • Digital Elevation Model (DEM) > Contour line Creation > Disaster damage on 3D view

[Kathmandu Valley] [Project Area 14 Districts] (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Part of Lalitpur) • Existing Topographic map data • Satellite Imagery (After • Satellite Imagery (After Earthquake/SPOT/1.5mResolution) Earthquake/SPOT/1.5mResoluti • Reconstruction Support Map on) Scale: 1/10,000, 1/5,000 • Landslide Identification Approx. 10,000 sites Source: Source: © 2015CNES – Distribution Airbus DS, made by JICA Study Team 37/50 Reconstruction Support Map for KV RRNE 1/10,000 1/5,000 Target Area Kathmandu Valley Bhaktapur/Lalitpur/Kathmandu/ Area 721km2 121km2

1/5,000

1/10,000 Sample of 1/10,000 map Airbus DS 2015, made by JICA Study38 Team/50 Landslide Hazard Map (Sindhupalchok) RRNE

Enlargement of Hazard Map (Tatopani)

Featured Factors: Slope angle, Slope direction, Distance from epicenter, Distance from faults Enlargement of Hazard Map (Barhabise) Source: NTT DATA, RESTEC Included ©JAXA 39/50 Landslide Hazard Map RRNE (Gorkha)

Enlargement of Hazard Map (Laprak) Workshop on Hazard Map Utilization January 22 - February 2, 2017 Workshop on Hazard Map Preparation February 28 - March 10, 2017

Source: JICA Project Team Source: NTT DATA, RESTEC Included ©JAXA 40/50

7. Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan Kathmandu Valley Resilient Plan (KVRP) Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan (RRP) for Gorkha and Sindhupalchok District Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Plan for Lalitpur/Bhaktapur/Budhanilkantha Municipality

41/50 Basic Principles of KV Resilience Plan RRNERRNE

i. Prevent human loss by ii. Avoid fatal damage to any means. Building land important functions for and society maintaining administration, resilient to social and economic systems large scale natural iii. Mitigate damage to disasters under property of the citizenry the concept of iv. Achieve swift recovery and public facilities. BBB. and reconstruction.

Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE) 42/50 KVRP: Emergency Transportation Network

Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team 43/50

KVRP: Distribution of Evacuation Space RRNE

Source: Survey Department Nepal, made by JICA Project Team 44/50

Overview of RRPs in Sindhupalchowk/Gorkha RRNE

Sindhupalchowk District Vision Gorkha District Vision “ Safe, Prosperous and Beautiful “Beautiful, Equitable and Sindhupalchowk” Prosperous Gorkha through Agriculture, Tourism and Resilient Infrastructure”

 Planning Period : 2016- 2026 (10 years)  Basic Policy  Recovery of Daily Lives Housing Reconstruction, Restoration of Public Services ( Administration, Health, Education and Social Welfare), Livelihood Restoration of Vulnerable population  Building Resilient District Structure Utilization of Hazard Map, Restoration of Resilient Infrastructure, Establishment of DRR System  Recovery and Development of Regional Economy Restoration of Agriculture, Restoration of Tourism, Restoration of Cottage and Small Industries Source: JICA Project Team(RRNE)45 /50 RRP: Utilization of Landslide Hazard Map RRNE Landslide Hazard Assessment and Identification of Hazard Area Evaluation of Land Use / Settlement Area

Source: NTT DATA, RESTEC Included ©JAXA 46/50

8. Conclusion and Way Forward

47/50 Conclusion and Way Forward Since immediately after the earthquake, JICA has implemented a diverse range of BBB recovery projects firmly based on scientific analysis. The ongoing recovery efforts need to reduce Nepal’s social, economic and physical vulnerability to disasters, so that the future disasters will not be caused by the same vulnerability. Therefore, the current process of BBB-based recovery should contribute to more comprehensive longer-term DRR measures at all levels.

48/50 Build Back Better Source: JICA Project Team

Thank you for your attention! 49/50