In America, Why Does Proportional Voting Have to Attack Political Parties?
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Biographies BIOGRAPHIES 327
Biographies BIOGRAPHIES 327 ALDRICH, John Herbert Articles 1. “A method of scaling with applications to the 1968 and 1972 U.S. presidential elections.” American Political Born Science Review, 11(March):1977 (with Richard September 24, 1947, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA McKelvey). Current Position 2. “The dilemma of a paretian liberal: some consequences Pfizer-Pratt University Professor of Political Science, Duke of Sen’s theorem,” and “Liberal games: further thoughts University, Durham, North Carolina, 1997–. on social choice and game theory.” Public Choice, 30(Summer):1977. Degrees 3. “Electoral choice in 1972: a test of some theorems of B.A., Allegheny College, 1969; M.A., Ph.D., University of the spatial model of electoral competition.” Journal of Rochester, 1971, 1975. Mathematical Sociology, 5:1977. 4. “A dynamic model of presidential nomination Offices and Honors campaigns.” American Political Science Review, Co-Editor, American Journal of Political Science, 14(September):1980. 1985–1988 (with John L. Sullivan). 5. “A spatial model with party activists: implications for President, Southern Political Science Association, electoral dynamics,” and “rejoinder.” Public Choice, 1988–1989. 41:1983. Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral 6. “A downsian spatial model with party activism.” Sciences, 1989–1990. American Political Science Review, 17(December):1983. Fellow, Bellagio Center, 2002. 7. “Southern parties in state and nation.” Journal of Heinz Eulau Award (best article in the American Political Politics, August:2000. Science Review), 1990 (with Eugene Borgida and John L. 8. “Challenges to the American two-party system: Sullivan). evidence from the 1968, 1980, 1992, and 1996 presi- Gladys Kammerer Award (best book on U.S. -
Split Ticket Voting in Mixed Member Proportional Systems: the Hypothetical Case of the Netherlands Gschwend, Thomas; Kolk, Henk Van Der
www.ssoar.info Split ticket voting in mixed member proportional systems: the hypothetical case of the Netherlands Gschwend, Thomas; Kolk, Henk van der Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: SSG Sozialwissenschaften, USB Köln Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Gschwend, T., & Kolk, H. v. d. (2006). Split ticket voting in mixed member proportional systems: the hypothetical case of the Netherlands. Acta Politica, 41(2), 163-179. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-257925 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. -
Učinci Personalizacije Izbornih Sustava Na Političke Stranke
Učinci personalizacije izbornih sustava na političke stranke Vujović, Zlatko Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Political Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet političkih znanosti Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:114:008971 Rights / Prava: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-07 Repository / Repozitorij: FPSZG repository - master's thesis of students of political science and journalism / postgraduate specialist studies / disertations Fakultet političkih znanosti Zlatko Vujović Učinci personalizacije izbornih sustava na političke stranke: sustavi stranačkih lista s preferencijskim glasovanjem DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2018. godina Fakultet političkih znanosti Zlatko Vujović Učinci personalizacije izbornih sustava na političke stranke: sustavi stranačkih lista s preferencijskim glasovanjem DOKTORSKI RAD Mentorica: prof. dr. sc. Mirjana Kasapović Zagreb, 2018. godina Faculty of Political Science Zlatko Vujović Impact of personalisation of Electoral Systems on Political Parties: List Proportional Systems with Preferential Voting DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Supervisor(s): prof. dr. sc. Mirjana Kasapović Zagreb, 2018 year 1 Informacija o mentorici Mentorica: prof. dr. sci. Mirjana Kasapović Mirjana Kasapović, profesorica komparativne politike na Fakultetu političkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Objavila je deset znanstvenih monografija - pet samostalnih i pet u suautorstvu s jednim ili dva autora - te oko 80 radova u znanstvenim časopisima i drugim znanstvenim publikacijama u Hrvatskoj, Njemačkoj, Velikoj Britaniji, SAD-u, Poljskoj, Mađarskoj, Bugarskoj i drugim zemljama. Za dvije knjige —Bosna i Hercegovina – Podijeljeno društvo i nestabilna država (2005) i Politički sustav i politika Izraela (2010) — dobila je državne nagrade za znanost. Napisala je brojne publicističke i stručne radove. -
The Electoral College System for the Election of the President of the United States on Trial
California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2003 The electoral college system for the election of the President of the United States on trial Evelyn Hartzell Latham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Latham, Evelyn Hartzell, "The electoral college system for the election of the President of the United States on trial" (2003). Theses Digitization Project. 2192. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES ON TRIAL A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in - Social Sciences by Evelyn Hartzell Latham March 2003 THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES ON TRIAL A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Evelyn Hartzell Latham March 2003 Approved by: ABSTRACT The Electoral College system for selection of the chief executive of the United States has been described as undemocratic, archaic, complex, ambiguous, indirect, and dangerous, by the American Bar Association. Other noted scholars, politicians and political scientists have made numerous attempts to amend the Constitution to any number of revision plans, notably the proportional plan, the district plan, and currently, the direct vote plan. -
Sorting and the Split-Ticket: Evidence from Presidential and Subpresidential Elections
Polit Behav (2016) 38:337–354 DOI 10.1007/s11109-015-9315-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Sorting and the Split-Ticket: Evidence from Presidential and Subpresidential Elections 1 2 Nicholas T. Davis • Lilliana Mason Published online: 28 August 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract Although prior research demonstrates that strong partisans are less likely to cast a split-ticket, recent scholarly work hints that partisan-ideological sorting— the matching of an individual’s partisan and ideological identities—may play a comparatively stronger role in shaping this voting behavior. Simply, if a high degree of congruence between identities underscores psychological orientations that pre- vent association with an out-group, then highly-sorted voters should be less likely to cross-party lines within the voting booth. Using the 1972–2012 ANES Time-Series and 2010 CCES surveys, we provide evidence that demonstrates that a high degree of partisan-ideological sorting produces the strongest negative effect on split-ticket voting among a variety of alternative explanations at both the national and subna- tional levels. We then supplement these analyses with 1992–1996 ANES panel data to demonstrate how changes in sorting over time affect this voting behavior. Our results indicate that although an increase in partisan strength alone is insufficient to reduce an individual’s propensity to cast a split-ticket, an increase in identity sorting over time has a strong negative effect on split-ticket voting. We conclude with a brief discussion about the consequences of identity convergence; namely, that sorting fosters a unique form of electoral ‘‘polarization.’’ Keywords Sorting Á Ticket-splitting Á Electoral polarization Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11109-015-9315-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. -
On the Origins of Electoral Systems and Political Parties: the Role of Elections in Multi-Member Districts
Electoral Studies 26 (2007) 262e273 www.elsevier.com/locate/electstud On the origins of electoral systems and political parties: The role of elections in multi-member districts Josep M. Colomerà University Pompeu Fabra-Economics, Higher Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Ramon Trias Fargas 25, 08005 Barcelona, Spain Abstract The old, under-studied electoral system composed of multi-member districts, open ballot and plurality rule is presented in this article as the most remote scene of the origin of both political parties and new electoral systems. A survey of the uses of this set of electoral rules in different parts of the world during remote and recent periods shows its widespread use. A model of voting by this electoral system demonstrates that, while it can produce citizens’ consensual representation, it also provides incentives for potential leaders to form factional or partisan candidacies. Famous negative reactions to the emergence of factions and political parties during the 18th and 19th centuries are reinterpreted in this context. Many electoral rules and procedures invented since the second half of the 19th centurydincluding the Australian ballot, single-member districts, limited ballot, and proportional rep- resentation rulesdderived from the search to reduce the effects of the ‘originating’ multi-member district system in favor of a single party sweep. The general relations between political parties and electoral systems are restated to account for the foun- dational stage here discussed. Ó 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Political parties; Electoral systems; Multimember districts 1. Introduction process in elected legislatures that embody incentives to form enduring voting coalitions (Schwartz, 1989; Al- Political parties and electoral systems have been an- drich, 1995). -
1953 Chapter 9
125 NATIONAL ELEOTIONS 9.04 CHAPTER 9. ELECTION OF SENATOR S AND REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS, AND ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT. 9.01 Election of representative in congress. I9 . 05 Presidential electors; certificate of 9.02 Election of United States senator. election. 9.04 Presidential electors; election. 9.06 Meeting of presidential electors. 9.01 Election of representative in congress. A representative in the congress of the United States shall be chosen in each of the congTessional districts into which the state is 01' shall be divided, at the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight and every two years thereafter. 9.02 Election of United States senator. (1) A senator in the congress of the United States shall be chosen at the general election in the year one thousand nine hun dred and fourteen and every six years thereafter and also in the year one thousand nine imndred and sixteen and every six years thereafter. (2) The names of all persons nominated for the office of United States senator shall be printed on the ballot provided in section 6.23 (1) in substantially the manner and form indicated in the annexed form "A" provided in section 6.23 (17) (a). All pro visions of the statutes relating to the preparation, printing, distribution, voting, counting and returning' of ballots used at general elections for state and county offices shall, as far as applicable and not inconsistent herewith, apply to the election of United States senators. 9.04 Presidential electors; election. At the general election next preceding the time fixed for the choice of president and vice president of the United States, there shall be elected, by general ticket, as many electors of president and vice president as this state may be entitled to elect senators and representatives in congress. -
The Role of the Electoral College in US Presidential Elections
BRIEFING The role of the Electoral College in US presidential elections SUMMARY The President and Vice-President of the United States of America are not elected directly by US voters, but rather by the Electoral College, a representative body composed of 538 electors chosen by voters in parallel contests in each of the 50 US states and the District of Columbia. This body emerged during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 as a compromise designed to ensure the continuing pre-eminence of the states in the US federal system, as well as to temper what were seen then as potentially dangerous democratic passions. At first, state legislatures chose the electors, and it was only in the 19th century that state authorities began to appoint electors on the basis of the result of a popular vote. The operation of the Electoral College and the process by which it chooses a presidential 'ticket' has attracted growing attention in recent decades, on account of an increasingly polarised US political landscape and a changing electoral map. The existence of the Electoral College poses a number of basic questions about the fairness of the electoral process and popular representation in the United States. Moreover, there are many questions about how precisely the Electoral College process should be carried out, in order for it to be considered legitimate, especially as regards the behaviour of electors and their political parties during the election period. Two elections in the past two decades – those of 2000 and 2016 – have resulted in the victory of a candidate who received fewer votes nationwide than their opponent. -
Redefining American Democracy: Do Alternative Voting Systems Capture the True Meaning of "Representation"?
Michigan Journal of Race and Law Volume 7 2002 Redefining American Democracy: Do Alternative Voting Systems Capture the True Meaning of "Representation"? James Thomas Tucker United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Election Law Commons, and the Law and Politics Commons Recommended Citation James T. Tucker, Redefining American Democracy: Do Alternative Voting Systems Capture the True Meaning of "Representation"?, 7 MICH. J. RACE & L. 357 (2002). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl/vol7/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of Race and Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REDEFINING AMERICAN DEMOCRACY: DO ALTERNATIVE VOTING SYSTEMS CAPTURE THE TRUE MEANING OF "REPRESENTATION"? James Thomas Tucker* I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 358 II. GEOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION: CONSENT DEFINED BY TREES OR ACRES ........................................................................ 366 A. GeographicalRepresentation:The Early A merican Framework ........................................................... 366 B. Geographical Representation:TheRise of Political Gerrym andering..................................................... -
The Electoral College: Options for Change and 117Th Congress Proposals
April 2, 2021 The Electoral College: Options for Change and 117th Congress Proposals Electoral College: The Basics Electoral College Reform: Pro and Con American voters elect the President and Vice President of The performance of the electoral college has not protected the United States indirectly: they vote in their states and the the system from criticism and demands for change. More District of Columbia for presidential electors pledged to the than 700 proposals to reform or abolish it have been candidates of their choice. The electors are known introduced in Congress since 1800. collectively as the electoral college. Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution assigns to each state a number of A major criticism centers on the Constitution, which electors equal to the total of the state’s Senators and provides for indirect election of the President and Vice Members of the House of Representatives, a total of 538 at President by electors, rather than voters. Indirect election, present, including three electors for the District of critics assert, was acceptable in the 18th century, but is Columbia provided by the Twenty-third Amendment. The incompatible with the norms of contemporary democratic Twelfth Amendment requires that candidates for President government in the United States. A second constitutional and Vice President each win a majority of the electoral criticism is that the system has elected Presidents who won votes cast for their office to be elected. Candidates for the the electoral college but who received fewer popular votes office of presidential elector are nominated by the state than their opponents, most recently in 2000 and 2016. -
The Right Choice for Elections: How Choice Voting Will End Gerrymandering and Expand Minority Voting Rights, from City Councils to Congress
RICHIE 473 (DO NOT DELETE) 3/28/2013 2:50 PM THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR ELECTIONS: HOW CHOICE VOTING WILL END GERRYMANDERING AND EXPAND MINORITY VOTING RIGHTS, FROM CITY COUNCILS TO CONGRESS Rob Richie * Andrew Spencer ** ―Every voice will be heard, every right will be seen, and every wrong felt; and then the House of Representatives will become what the Framers of the Constitution intended it should be—a bright and honest mirror, reflecting all the lights and shades of the multifarious interests of this mighty people, as they lie spread out over this broad land.‖ —Senator Jacob W. Miller of New Jersey1 When the United States Congress first imposed single-member congressional districts on the states in 1842, it had the loftiest of intentions. The several states that at the time elected U.S. House Representatives on a statewide, at-large basis often had only one party win seats due to winner-take-all election rules.2 Proponents argued that single-member districts would ensure fair represen- tation of every viewpoint, majority or minority, making Congress a ―mirror of the people.‖3 Experience has since proven their hopes misguided.4 * Executive Director, FairVote. B.A., 1987, Haverford College. ** Legal Fellow, FairVote. J.D., 2012, University of Arizona School of Law; B.S., B.A., 2006, University of Arizona. 1. CONG. GLOBE, 27TH CONG., 2D SESS. app. at 790 (1842) (speaking in favor of a mandate for single-member congressional districts). 2. See Nicolas Flores, A History of One-Winner Districts for Congress ch. 3 (unpub- lished thesis, Stanford University) (citing ROSEMARIE ZAGARRI, THE POLITICS OF SIZE: REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES, 1776–1850, at 126, 154–57 (1987)), available at http://www.fairvote.org/library/history/flores/apportn.html (last visited Feb. -
The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections
The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Updated May 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32611 The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Summary When Americans vote for a President and Vice President, they are actually choosing presidential electors, known collectively as the electoral college. It is these officials who choose the President and Vice President of the United States. The complex elements comprising the electoral college system are responsible for election of the President and Vice President. The 2016 presidential contest was noteworthy for the first simultaneous occurrence in presidential election history of four rarely occurring electoral college eventualities. These included (1) the election of a President and Vice President who received fewer popular votes than their major opponents; (2) the actions of seven “faithless electors,” who voted for candidates other than those to whom they were pledged; (3) the split allocation of electoral votes in Maine, which uses the district system to allocate electors; and (4) objections to electoral votes at the joint session of Congress to count the votes. These events are examined in detail in the body of this report. Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution, as modified in 1804 by the Twelfth Amendment, sets the requirements for election of the President and Vice President. It authorizes each state to appoint, by whatever means the legislature chooses, a number of electors equal to the combined total of its Senate and House of Representatives delegations, for a contemporary total of 538, including 3 electors for the District of Columbia.