Genre Analysis of Online Encyclopedias. the Case of Wikipedia
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Genre analysis online encycloped The case of Wikipedia AnnaTereszkiewicz Genre analysis of online encyclopedias The case of Wikipedia Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Publikacja dofi nansowana przez Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ze środków wydziałowej rezerwy badań własnych oraz Instytutu Filologii Angielskiej PROJEKT OKŁADKI Bartłomiej Drosdziok Zdjęcie na okładce: Łukasz Stawarski © Copyright by Anna Tereszkiewicz & Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Wydanie I, Kraków 2010 All rights reserved Książka, ani żaden jej fragment nie może być przedrukowywana bez pisemnej zgody Wydawcy. W sprawie zezwoleń na przedruk należy zwracać się do Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. ISBN 978-83-233-2813-1 www.wuj.pl Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Redakcja: ul. Michałowskiego 9/2, 31-126 Kraków tel. 12-631-18-81, 12-631-18-82, fax 12-631-18-83 Dystrybucja: tel. 12-631-01-97, tel./fax 12-631-01-98 tel. kom. 0506-006-674, e-mail: [email protected] Konto: PEKAO SA, nr 80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 11 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................. 14 1. Genology as a study ................................................................................................................... 15 1.1. Schools of genre analysis ...................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Genre – characteristics of the concept .................................................................................. 16 1.3. Genre evolution ..................................................................................................................... 17 1.4. Discourse and genre competence .......................................................................................... 18 5 1.4.1 Discourse competence ...................................................................................................... 18 1.4.2 Generic competence ......................................................................................................... 19 2. Genres on the web ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Genre theory on the web ....................................................................................................... 21 2.2. The concept of web genre ..................................................................................................... 22 2.3. Genres on the web – taxonomy ............................................................................................. 23 2.4. Genre hybridization and individualization ............................................................................ 26 2.5. Web genre evolution ............................................................................................................. 27 3. Encyclopedia as a genre ............................................................................................................. 29 3.1. Encyclopedia as a genre of information ................................................................................ 29 3.2. Genre characteristics of an encyclopedia .............................................................................. 30 3.2.1. Function ........................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2. Content ............................................................................................................................ 33 3.2.2.1. Authorship ................................................................................................................. 33 3.2.2.2. Scope ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.2.3. Adjuncts ..................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.3. Form ................................................................................................................................ 35 3.2.3.1. Density ....................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3.2. Article structure ......................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3.3. Classifi cation ............................................................................................................ 35 3.2.3.4. Cross-references ........................................................................................................ 37 3.2.3.5. Discourse properties .................................................................................................. 38 4. Encyclopedias on the web .......................................................................................................... 41 4.1. Online reference works ......................................................................................................... 41 4.2. Typology of online encyclopedias ........................................................................................ 42 4.2.1. Reproduced encyclopedias .............................................................................................. 43 4.2.2. Adapted encyclopedias .................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.1. Lower adapted encyclopedias .................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.2 Advanced encyclopedias ............................................................................................. 47 4.3. Emergent encyclopedias ....................................................................................................... 51 4.3.1. User-created portals ......................................................................................................... 51 4.3.2. Resource pages ................................................................................................................ 57 4.4. Emerging encyclopedias ...................................................................................................... 59 5. Wikipedia as a genre .................................................................................................................. 65 5.1. Wikipedia – introduction to the project ................................................................................ 66 5.1.1. Wikipedia mechanism ..................................................................................................... 66 5.1.2. Dimensions of the project ............................................................................................... 67 5.1.3. Legal issues ..................................................................................................................... 69 5.2. Wikipedia versus traditional encyclopedia ........................................................................... 69 5.2.1. Function of Wikipedia ..................................................................................................... 70 5.2.2. Content ............................................................................................................................ 70 5.2.2.1. Authorship ................................................................................................................. 70 5.2.2.1.1. Wikipedia community .......................................................................................... 72 5.2.2.2. Scope ......................................................................................................................... 73 5.2.2.3. Adjuncts ..................................................................................................................... 74 5.2.2.4. Genre syncretism ....................................................................................................... 81 5.2.3. Form ................................................................................................................................ 82 6 5.2.3.1. Density .................................................................................................................... 82 5.2.3.2. Article structure ....................................................................................................... 82 5.2.3.3. Classifi cation ........................................................................................................... 87 5.2.3.4. Cross-references ...................................................................................................... 90 5.2.4. Functionality ................................................................................................................. 92 5.2.5. Meeting the quality standards ....................................................................................... 94 6. Wikipedia discourse features .................................................................................................... 99 6.1. The continuum of Wikientries..............................................................................................