DOCSLIB.ORG

HIGH PERFORMING TITANIUM DIOXIDE DISPERSIONS (Continued)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HIGH PERFORMING TITANIUM DIOXIDE DISPERSIONS (Continued) HigH PE rForming titAnium DioXiDE DiSPEr SionS leveraging a new patented coating system and pure photostability science introDuCtion HIGH PERFORMING Metal oxides with a wide band gap, such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2), or with a direct band gap, such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO), absorb and reflect UV energy from the sun’s radiation. This makes TITANIUMthem useful as UV filters and as DIOXIDE pigments in the cosmetic industry. Unfortunately, they are also photo-active, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species and catalyzing the decomposition of organic materials. This is not desiredDISPERSIONS in personal care applications, where the protective functions of these organic compounds are needed. CommercialLEVERAGING surface modifications A NEW have PATENTED not eliminated COATING this degradation, so a new means of protection was needed. SYSTEM AND PURE PHOTOSTABILITY SCIENCE Solution Metal oxides with a wide band gap, such as titanium dioxide Hallstar has developed (derived from dimethiconol) UV filter dispersions with our market leading (TiO ), or with a direct band gap, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), HallStar has developed UV filter dispersions highlighting both the benefits of2 photo-protected Titanium Dioxide and an highlighting both the photostabilizer technology, ® industry leading mineral UV filter aesthetic. Leveraging a patent-protected C3+absorb coating and reflect system UV consistingenergy from the of sun’sSilica radiation. moieties This benefits of photo- SolaStay S1 (ethylhexyl (derived primarily from Tetraorthosilicate), Alkyl groups (derived from Triethoxycaprylylsilane)makes them useful as UV filtersand Polydimethylsiloxaneand as pigments in the protected titanium dioxide methoxycrylene) and and an industry leading HallBrite® BHB (butyloctyl (derived from Dimethiconol) with our market leading photostabilizer technology, SolaStay ® S (Ethylhexyl Methoxycrylene) cosmetic industry. Unfortunately,1 they are also photo-active, mineral UV filter aesthetic. salicylate), we’ve ® and HallBrite BHB (Butyloctyl Salicylate), we’ve introduced to the market howpromoting mineral the UV formation filters of can reactive be easy oxygen to species work withand Leveraging a patent- introduced to the market and also result in nice feeling, low whitening, high performance sunscreens for customers. protected C3+ coating how mineral UV filters catalyzing the decomposition of organic materials. This is not system consisting of silica can be easy to work with desired in personal care applications, where the protective moieties (derived primarily and also result in nic e Absorbance Spectra of UV Filter Concentrates: 0.001% active TiO Transmittance Spectra of UV Filter Concentrates: 0.001% active TiO from tetraorthosilicate), feeling, low whitening, high 2 functions of these organic compounds are needed. 2 diluted in C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate - 1 cm Path Length diluted in C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate - 1 cm Path Length alkyl groups (derived from performance sunscreens for Commercial surface modifications have not eliminated this triethoxycaprylylsilane) customers. 1 100 degradation, so a new means of protection was needed. and polydimethylsiloxane 0,9 HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX Plus 90 0,8 80 0,7 HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX 70 Absorbance Spectra of UV Filter Concentrates: 0,6 60 0.001% Active TiO2 Diluted in C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 0,5 Competitor A 50 Plus Hal 1 cm Path Length X lBr 0,4 40 TD it TiO2 (23%) TiO2 (40%) 1 Competitor B Easily e ® 0,3 30O 0,9 Pourable tion) L E a 0,2 20 HallBrite® BHB 0,8 20F SolaStay® S Z Competitor C 1 Highly Stable 0,7 - enu Percent Transmittance Percent t 0,1 Transmittance Percent 10 - 0,1 t 10 (45°C) 0,6 A Absorbance (Attenuation) Absorbance Z F Absorbance (Attenuation) Absorbance Increased SPF 0 0 0,5 ® e ( E Results L HallBrite BHB c Patented C3+ Coating 0,4 300 400 500 600600 700700 800800 900900 10001000 300 400 500(Silica 600Moieties, 700 800800 900900 1000O ® Alkyl Groups, Highly Dispersed 0,3 e TiO2 Protected TiO2 Polydimethylsiloxane) T 0,2 t WavelengthWavelenght (nm)(nm) i WavelenghtWavelength (nm)(nm) Absorban Delivery System D 0,1 r Polar Solvent No Particle 0 X B Perception 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 l Combine with l Avobenzone High UVB Wavelength (nm) a Minimal Protection H Whitening lus H Broad Spectrum P a China ll Protection X B Approved D r Transmittance Spectra of UV Filter Concentrates: i 0.001% Active TiO Diluted in C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate T TiO (23%) TiO (40%) te 2 O 2 Easily 2 ® 1 cm Path Length L Pourable E 100 ® 90 ® HallBrite BHB F SolaStay S Z HallBrite® Competitor HallBrite® Competitor 1 Highly Stable 80 - EZ-Flo tDX Product A EZ-Flo tDX Plus Product B (45°C) - 70 Z 60 Increased SPF F 50 E ® HallBrite BHB Patented C3+ Coating Results L 40 30 (Silica moieties, O ® Alkyl groups, Highly Dispersed 20 Percent Transmittance 10 TiO Drawdowns of dispersions diluted in C12-15 alkyl benzoate. e Protected TiO Polydimethylsiloxane) 2 0 2 T t Drawdowns made of dispersions using #4 Meyer diluted rods in C12-15on dark Alkyl substrates. Benzoate. 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 i Delivery System Polar Solvent D Wavelength (nm) r No Particle TheDrawdowns greater whitening made using effect #4 of Meyer competitor rods on products dark substrates. is ® Perception X ® HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX Plus HallBrite EZ-FLO TDX B Combine with veryThe greaterapparent. whitening effect of competitor products is very l l Avobenzone High UVB apparent. Competitor A Competitor B Competitor C a Minimal Protection Whitening H Broad Spectrum China Protection Approved The HallStar Company - 120 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1620 - Chicago, IL 60606 - USA - +1-312-385-4494 hallstar.com HIGH PERFORMING TITANIUM DIOXIDE DISPERSIONS (continued) Formula # JZ8-286B JZ8-286C JZ8-286D JZ8-287B JZ8-287C JZ8-287D Oil Phase Ingredients (%) C12-C15 alkyl benzoate 30.00 25.00 20.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX Plus 10.00 15.00 20.00 - - - HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX - - - 10.00 15.00 20.00 Cetearyl alcohol 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 VP/Eicosene copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Potassium cetyl phosphate, 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 hydrogenated palm glycerides Glyceryl stearate 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 PEG-100 Stearate 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Water Phase Ingredients (%) Water 48.25 48.25 48.25 48.25 48.25 48.25 Disodium EDTA 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Xanthan gum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Glycerin 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Caprylyl glycol, phenoxyethanol, 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 hexylene glycol Acrylamide/sodium acryloydimethyltaurate 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 copolymer, isohexadecane, polysorbate 80 TOTAL (%) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Average SPF (in vitro) 9 13 21 14 21 32 Critical Wavelength (CW), nm 374 377 377 373 373 373 % HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX Plus vs. SPF and CW % HallBrite® EZ-FLO TDX vs. SPF and CW 25 378 40 378 20 376 30 376 (in vitro) (in vitro) 15 374 20 374 (CW), nm (CW), nm 10 372 10 372 Critical Wavelength Critical Wavelength Average SPF 5 370 Average SPF 0 370 10 15 20 10 15 20 % HallBrite® EX-FLO TDX Plus % HallBrite® EX-FLO TDX SPF CW SPF CW www.hallstar.com © Hallstar, All Rights Reserved. 10/15.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Booklet
    www.mmsus.com | 952.525.2005 COVID-19 PRODUCTS Midwest Mechanical Solutions is your partner in optimizing your building for a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment for all. Contact your MMS Representative at any time, we are here to help. Advanced HEPA Filtration Recirculation/Negative Pressure Units AF400NP 1400 cubic foot room / 280 CFM • Air Flow: Nominal 132 l/s / 280 CFM • Voltage: 120V (2A) or 230V (1A) • Dimensions: 21"H x 13"W x 16"D / 55cm x 33cm x 40cm • Filtration: 2” Pre-lter MERV10 6” Medical grade HEPA lter 99.97% (to 0.3 micron) • Optional: chemical lter • Inlet: Bottom inlet • Discharge: 4” Discharge collar • Exhaust kit included • Sound Level: Whisper quiet, 56 dBA • Controls: Remote ON/OFF, communication capabilities, audible and visual alarms AF1000NP 3000 cubic foot room / 600 CFM • Air Flow: Nominal 283 l/s / 600 CFM • Voltage: 120V (2A) or 230V (1A) • Dimensions: 56"H x 16"W x 22"D / 132cm x 40cm x 56cm • Filtration: 2” Pre-lter MERV10 12” High capacity pleated lter MERV12 6” Medical grade HEPA lter 99.97% (down to 0.3 micron) • Optional: chemical lter (up to 50 lbs./23 kg) • Inlet: Bottom inlet • Discharge: 6” Discharge collar (4”, 8” optional) • Exhaust kit included • Sound Level: Whisper quiet, 54 dBA Controls: • Remote ON/OFF, communication capabilities, audible and visual alarms AF2000NP 5000 cubic foot room / 1000 CFM • Air Flow: Nominal 283 l/s / 600 CFM • Voltage: 120V (2A) or 230V (1A) • Dimensions: 56"H x 16"W x 22"D / 132cm x 40cm x 56cm • Filtration: 2” Pre-lter MERV10 12” High capacity pleated lter
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies For
    A Thesis entitled Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens by An Ngoc Hiep Huynh Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences Industrial Pharmacy ___________________________________________ Gabriella Baki, Ph.D., Committee Chair ___________________________________________ Jerry Nesamony, Ph.D., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Matthew W. Liberatore, Ph.D., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Amanda C. Bryant-Friedrich, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2020 Copyright 2020 An Ngoc Hiep Huynh This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens by An Ngoc Hiep Huynh Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences Industrial Pharmacy The University of Toledo May 2020 There are currently 14 organic and 2 inorganic UV filters approved in the United States. Due to coral reef safety concerns, octinoxate and oxybenzone have been banned in Hawaii, Key West, FL and the US Virgin Islands; and octocrylene is also being studied for its potential impact on coral reef safety, leaving 11 organic UV filters as viable options for sunscreen manufacturers – with limitations on their combination. Since consumers are always looking for sunscreens with high SPF and broad-spectrum protection, the need for UVB and UVA protection boosting technologies is greater than ever. In a preliminary study, about two dozen emollients were scanned for their SPF boosting capability with selected organic UV filters.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunscreen Enhancement of Octyl Methoxycinnamate Microcapsules by Using Two Biopolymers As Wall Materials
    polymers Article Sunscreen Enhancement of Octyl Methoxycinnamate Microcapsules by Using Two Biopolymers as Wall Materials Chuntao Xu 1,2 , Xuemin Zeng 3, Zujin Yang 4,* and Hongbing Ji 1,3,4,5,* 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; [email protected] 2 School of Information Engineering, Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan 528400, China 3 Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] 4 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China 5 School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.Y.); [email protected] (H.J.) Abstract: Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) is widely used as a chemical sunscreen in sunscreen cosmetics. However, its direct contact with the skin would bring certain risks, such as skin photo- sensitive reaction. How to improve the effect of skin photodamage protection has become a current research hotspot. Encapsulating ultraviolet (UV) filters into microcapsules is an interesting method to increase the photostability of filters. In this study, sodium caseinate (SC) and arabic gum (GA) are chosen as wall materials to prepare synergistic sunscreen microcapsules by complex coacervation technology. A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of pH, wall material concentration, and wall/core ratio on the formation of OMC microcapsules. The morphology, com- position, and stability of OMC microcapsules are characterized by scanning electron microscopy Citation: Xu, C.; Zeng, X.; Yang, Z.; Ji, (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
    [Show full text]
  • Salicylate UV-Filters in Sunscreen Formulations Compromise the Preservative System Efficacy Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Burkholderia Cepacia
    cosmetics Article Salicylate UV-Filters in Sunscreen Formulations Compromise the Preservative System Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Noa Ziklo, Inbal Tzafrir, Regina Shulkin and Paul Salama * Innovation department, Sharon Laboratories Ltd., Odem St. Industrial zone Ad-Halom, Ashdod 7898800, Israel; [email protected] (N.Z.); [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (R.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +972-54-2166476 Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 1 August 2020; Published: 3 August 2020 Abstract: Contamination of personal-care products are a serious health concern and therefore, preservative solutions are necessary for the costumers’ safety. High sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreen formulations are known to be difficult to preserve, due to their high ratio of organic phase containing the UV-filters. Salicylate esters such as octyl salicylate (OS) and homosalate (HS) are among the most common UV-filters currently used in the market, and can undergo hydrolysis by esterase molecules produced by contaminant microorganisms. The hydrolysis product, salicylic acid (SA) can be assimilated by certain bacteria that contain the chorismate pathway, in which its final product is pyochelin, an iron-chelating siderophore. Here, we show that OS and HS can compromise the preservative efficacy against two pathogenic important bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Challenge tests of formulations containing the UV-filters demonstrated that only bacteria with the chorismate pathway failed to be eradicated by the preservation system. mRNA expression levels of the bacterial pchD gene, which metabolizes SA to produce pyochelin, indicate a significant increase that was in correlation with increasing concentrations of both OS and HS.
    [Show full text]
  • Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and in Vitro Methods
    cosmetics Review Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods Silvia Tampucci * ID , Susi Burgalassi ID , Patrizia Chetoni ID and Daniela Monti ID Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (D.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 November 2017; Accepted: 7 December 2017; Published: 25 December 2017 Abstract: Sunscreens are the most common products used for skin protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. However, as frequent application is recommended, the use of large amount of sunscreens could reflect in possible systemic absorption and since these preparations are often applied on large skin areas, even low penetration rates can cause a significant amount of sunscreen to enter the body. An ideal sunscreen should have a high substantivity and should neither penetrate the viable epidermis, the dermis and the systemic circulation, nor in hair follicle. The research of methods to assess the degree of penetration of solar filters into the skin is nowadays even more important than in the past, due to the widespread use of nanomaterials and the new discoveries in cosmetic formulation technology. In the present paper, different in vitro studies, published in the last five years, have been reviewed, in order to focus the attention on the different methodological approaches employed to effectively assess the skin permeation and retention of sunscreens. Keywords: sunscreens; formulation; in vitro methods; cutaneous permeation; skin penetration 1. Introduction The detrimental effects of human exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been widely investigated and can be immediate, as in the case of sunburns, or long-term, causing, in most cases, the formation of oxidizing species responsible of photo-aging, immunosuppression and chronic effects such as photo carcinogenicity [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • SUNCAPS™ Unbreakable and Transparent Encapsulated UV Filters Range
    ™ Non-breakableSUNCAPS transparent microcapsules containing UV filters, ideal for all cosmetic formulations Leader in Microencapsulation Technology SUNCAPS™ Unbreakable and Transparent Encapsulated UV Filters Range This range includes: AvoCapTM encapsulated Avobenzone 56% payload and 14% of Octocrylene AvoCap2TM encapsulated Avobenzone, 53% payload OmcCapTM encapsulated Octyl Methoxycinnamate, 60% payload HomCapTM encapsulated Homosalate, 60% payload OctiCapTM encapsulated Octisalate 60% payload OctoCapTM encapsulated Octocrylene, 52% payload Cellu™ ZinoCap encapsulated ZnO, 70% payload Cellu™TitanCap encapsulated TiO2, 70% payload Tagra’s unique patented microencapsulation technology (US Patent Application No. 61/770,773) enables the manufacturing of a “green” unbreakable, transparent micron size microcapsules of organic and inorganic UV filters. This delivery system will: ° Prevent the UV filter leakage into the surrounding ° Retain the sunscreen on the superficial layers of the skin ° Improve safety profile - no risk of skin penetration and no skin irritatioin and/or photoallergy ° Enhance UV filters chemical stability and photostability ° Overcome incompatibilities between or among UV filters allowing new sunscreen combinations ° Prevent the crystallization of Avobenzone ° Enable UV filters dispersibility in water phase ° Prevent appearance of white residues caused by TiO2 and ZnO ° Avoid need for UV filters solubilizers, therefore enabling light, aesthetic, gentle, smooth and non-greasy feel formulations ° SunCapsTM exhibit improved sensorial profile with better tactile properties SunCaps™ microcapsules are made of a single layer Cellulose based polymer shell which provides optimal isolation of the UV filter and prevents its degradation while improving its UV protection profile (Figure.1 and Table.1). SUNCAPS™ SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE UV FILTERS PHOTOSTABILITY AND OVERCOME INCOMPATIBILITIES 70 60 A. B. 60 50 50 40 30 40 20 10 Residual OMC (%) Residual 30 (%) Avobenzone Residual 0 TM Free OMC OmcCapTM Free Avobenzone AvoCap Figure.1.
    [Show full text]
  • All About Safety UV C Hazards and Risks
    All about Safety: UV-C Hazards and Risks Authored by: Ye Zhang, PE; Joyce Kelly, R.A., GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc. One hundred years of increasingly effective germicidal UV light irradiance has helped mitigate infectious transmission within buildings. Our last paper, “The Ins & Outs of UV-C Germicidal Irradiation” examined how UV-C breaks down the RNA of viruses like Covid-19 in a range of applications including HVAC systems and can treat upper room air. Until the 1990’s however, the hazards were largely ignored. The safety data has accumulated to warrant its own paper. UV-C devices have proliferated - especially since the pandemic – to clean everything from hospital and motel rooms to phones and PPE. UV-C can be a miracle agent of disinfection - with careful design and caution. Users may not realize the danger until after exposure has caused damage four to 24 hours afterwards. Chronic effects are long-lasting and cumulative and may not appear for years including skin cancer and ocular cataracts.1 In addition, new health challenges related to ozone damage from far UV-C sources require careful design and regulation. The FDA highlighted the risks in their Feb. 27, 2020 Safety communication focused on CPAP medical devices.2 Accidental or lengthy exposure to UV light while it is cleaning can put a user at risk of eye injury, skin burns or an increased risk of skin cancer – while being unable to penetrate and disinfect all areas of hoses, masks and connectors. At a larger scale, upper air UV-C requires design with safety interlocks, an understanding of surface reflectivity, and may require a thermodynamic analysis of air movement in complex spaces to ensure effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Dermatological Aspects of UV-Absorbing Compounds
    Chemical and Dermatological Aspects of UV‐absorbing Compounds Studies of Photoallergens and Synthesis of a Natural UV‐filter ISABELLA KARLSSON DOCTORAL THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry Chemical and Dermatological Aspects of UV‐absorbing Compounds Studies of Photoallergens and Synthesis of a Natural UV‐filter ISABELLA KARLSSON Cover illustration: Proposed mechanism for activation of the commercial UV‐filters 4‐tert‐ butyl‐4’‐methoxy dibenzoylmethane and octocrylene by solar radiation resulting in the reaction with skin proteins and the formation of immunogenic complexes. © Isabella Karlsson ISBN: 978‐91‐628‐8349‐2 Available online at: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/26665 Department of Chemistry University of Gothenburg SE‐412 96 Göteborg Sweden Printed by Chalmers Reproservice Göteborg, Sweden, 2011 The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not ‘Eureka!’ (I found if!) but ‘That’s funny…’ Isaac Asimov (1920‐1992) ABSTRACT The sun’s UV radiation is necessary for the existence of life on earth. However, too much UV exposure can lead to the development of skin cancer. Therefore, sunscreens are often used by the general population as protection from excessive UV radiation. Unfortunately, many of the chemical UV‐filters that are used in sunscreens today have the ability to induce contact and photocontact allergy. In this work two different chemical UV‐filters together with the anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen, all known to induce allergic reactions, have been studied to better understand the reason for these adverse effects. In addition, a synthetic route to the natural UV‐filter scytonemin has been developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Problems in the Use of Organic UV Filters to Protect Skin From
    Current problems in the use of organic UV fi lters to protect skin from excessive sun exposure Zuzana Klimová, Jarmila Hojerová, Silvia Pažoureková Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic [email protected] Abstract: The evidences of the harmful effects of skin exposure to excessive UltraViolet (UV) radiation, primarily on the development of skin cancer, have increased over the last decade. Therefore, national and international health authorities have encouraged the public to take protective sunscreens, and respectively also everyday cosmetics containing UV fi lters. In these products, a mixture of the UV fi lters, including both inorganic and organic nature, has been shown to be more effective than the individual UV fi lter. However, cur- rently there are concerns about the safety and actual effectiveness of some UV fi lters; especially about certain UV-absorbing compounds (organic UV fi lters). Three cardinal problems are the most questionable. First, that certain UV fi lters are absorbed through the skin resulting in systemic exposure with unknown consequences. Second, that certain UV fi lters show the potential to be adversely endocrine disruptors. Third, that certain UV fi lters are partially degraded by UV radiation, what making them photounstable and unable to fulfi l their basic protective function. The purpose of this article is to discuss these problems. Keywords: sunscreens, organic UV fi lters, endocrine disruptors, dermal absorption, photostability, safety Introduction in the United States they are considered Over-the- Counter (i.e. non-prescription) drug products (FDA, Exposure of the human body to sunlight especially 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic UV Filters
    ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT UV filters Removal technologies Use in personal care products formulations Biological Physical treatment Chemical treatment treatment processes e.g. reverse Hybrid processes processes processes osmosis, adsorption, Personal use on skin membrane separation Degradation by ozonation, catalysis, halogination, hypochlorite treatments, free Protect from UV radical treatments such as hydroxyl etc. Associated secondary irradiation risks/ impacts/ n environmental fate Advanced chemical o i t processes such as a d Transport to aquatic photolysis, photocatalysis , a r Degradation byproducts environment g photolysis in H 2O2 e d o t o h Associated risks/ impact/ P Future research need environmental fate MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic UV Filters 2 in Contaminated Water 3 4 5 Mohammad Boshir Ahmed, Md Abu Hasan Johir, John L Zhou*, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan 6 Guo, Kireesan Sornalingam 7 8 9 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 10 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia 11 12 13 14 MANUSCRIPT 15 16 17 Corresponding author: 18 Prof John L Zhou 19 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 20 University of Technology Sydney 21 15 Broadway, NSWACCEPTED 2007 22 Australia 23 Email: [email protected] 24 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 25 Abstract 26 UV filters as emerging contaminants are of great concern and their wide detection in aquatic 27 environments indicates their chemical stability and persistence. This review summarized the 28 photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of UV filters in contaminated water. The findings 29 indicated that limited research has been conducted on the photolysis and photocatalysis of UV 30 filters.
    [Show full text]
  • UVA Chemical Filters
    UVA Chemical Filters: A Systematic Study Jacqueline F. Cawthray, B. Science (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The University of Adelaide Department of Chemistry February 2009 Chapter 1 1 Introduction Sunlight, incorporating ultraviolet radiation, provides the energy necessary to sustain life. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the non-visible part of the solar spectrum incorporating the wavelengths between 100 and 400 nm. Wavelengths in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum are further subdivided into UVA, UVB and UVC. The physiological responses to UVR can be both beneficial and harmful. Small doses of UV are required to produce vitamin D and in some cases therapeutic improvements are observed for skin disorders. However, long and short-term exposure can cause a variety of detrimental biological effects in humans. The biological effects of UVB have been intensively researched and are largely well understood. Armed with this knowledge, public attitudes have changed accordingly. The bronzed Aussie is no longer the national icon he or she once was, as the use of sun protection methods, including sunscreens, has now become common practice. Until recently, UVA was believed to play little or no role in the damaging effects of UVR and was often neglected in studies. However, there is now accumulating evidence that UVA plays a major role in sunlight-induced damage. As information regarding the detrimental effects of UVA increases, there needs to be an accompanying increase in public awareness regarding the potential hazards and the need for sunscreen filters that protect skin from UVA wavelengths has become a current issue of importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoparticles Keep Sunscreen on the Skin
    Materials Today Volume 00, Number 00 January 2016 NEWS News Nanoparticles keep sunscreen on the skin Encasing the active ingredient of sunsc- reens inside sticky polymer nanoparticles stops penetration into the skin, preventing exposure to potentially harmful chemicals, researchers at Yale University have found. Commercial sunscreens contain organic or inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters that block radiation from the sun, which can cause sunburn, skin aging, and skin cancers. But over the past few decades, studies have indicated that organic UV filters in particu- lar can penetrate the skin or hair follicles and find their way into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, where they could act as allergens or hormone disruptors. In combi- nation with sunlight, there are also con- cerns that some of these active agents can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage at the cellular and DNA level. To get around this problem, W. Mark Saltzman and his team encapsulated one such organic UV filter, padimate-O, with polymeric bioadhesive nanoparticles (or Transmission electron microscopy images of BNPs. The scale bar represents 200 nm. (Photo credit: Yang BNPs) [Deng, et al., Nat. Mater. (2015), Deng.) doi:10.1038/nmat4422]. The nanoparticles, which are typically just under 100 nm in diameter, comprise a polylactic acid (PLA) on the surface and do not penetrate The BNP-based sunscreen has an addi- core and a surface of hyperbranched poly- into the skin, in marked contrast to non- tional practical advantage—while it is water glycerol (HPG). The UV filter is held in the bioadhesive nanoparticles or padimate-O resistant, it can be readily wiped off with a core of the nanoparticle and the hydroxyl alone.
    [Show full text]