FOI 078/16/17 Serial 1
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("#3%(!"@%(",, %"> !E (! %!%!:((!(! !#(#!$!= # (%#(((%!!(= #!%%%!(= %!#%$%((( (!# )!(%!3!# (((!()!(= 3%(%!" !!#%#!$!#!$ (!$= F 6) ;3%(R(##%((! %!$"(,(!= RevisedRevised ExerciseExercise ScenarioScenario %%!%,% (% %> %!)!( D3=6" M E% (F , D M % (((!()! 6*,! #, M ! # % # %0) ( *) !%! , %: 2* D7GH ! ! !$(!6!96( 2 )*% &% * M ,3= ! .!()! 7 %6" !))) =9M 9,7 EXEREXER BELLBELL BUOYBUOY 1010 –– RevisedRevised LocationsLocations ,%( 6) ; !G! RevisedRevised ExerciseExercise ScenarioScenario ' 6 G H' ' ; ExpectedExpected ExerciseExercise ParticipantsParticipants ) 8$$"(> 2* 7 7 I *)%J *)% *2% I J 3 !K )"(!(> G ) H 2 G72.2 H 9/ LocationLocation ofof CommandCommand andand SCPsSCPs Deployed SCPs (Australia) DISTAFF (RED & WHITE) New South Wales: COMMANDER NCAGS (BLUE) NCC (with Research Cell) CMTOAU ExEx BELLBELL BUOYBUOY 20102010 TimelineTimeline Jun 2008: Initial Concept Development Conference Dec 2008: Initial Brief to Ports Australia Dec 2008: Second Concept Development Conference Jan 2009: Initial Planning Conference (in South Africa with international participants) Apr 2009 Initial Brief to Australian Maritime Defence Council Aug 2009 Mid Planning Conference (in Sydney) Jan 2010 Final Planning Conference (in Sydney with international participants) Mar 2010 Progress Brief to Australian Maritime Defence Council Mar 2010 Final logistics and ancillary organisation completed Mar 2010 MESL completed and LOI issued Early Apr 2010 Australian manning finalised Late Apr 2010 Overseas manning finalised 10-21 May 2010 Conduct of Exercise BELL BUOY 2010 08-09 May 2010 Participants arrive 10 May 2010 Introductory Briefs and Dispersal to me Function 11 - 20 May 2010 Exercise Play 21 May 2010 Hot Wash-up in Sydney 22-23 May 2010 Participants Depart Questions???Questions??? 237 L 6%"8*) $07 , 2.$7 #+# 5.% L 6%" # 7 % ! G.$2H # D < M %%*! M % % GL6 H M ( GL. H M *% %( G2 H M &M %*(&%* .$2 L 6%"I # %*( # ( # ,%%%( # . *% # : % # : # :% )( 237 L 6%"8*) # + % %* * %%()* %" % %( *( !" @* 237 L 6%"8*) # + %"& %* * %%()* < M % M / M / M % %" %( % M #% * 237 L 6%"8*) # L ! " # " $ $ " % # . ! " $ &$" " "" "' # " " " # % 237 L687%(&9* 2% 0 *%(# ( 0 % ( 50 *% 0 !" % ;0 ! )&) *% 7%(&9* %*2 #2 # D6 # L. #L6 # &) 2 % # &3 # $%%" # R # * ( 237 L67%( # # %( # * % # % ! * # %* *) ! %% % ! # %(&%( % # % # ! && % .$2 */ FOI 078/16/17 Serial 2 S22 CMDR Steve Cole Navy Environment Manager Navy Strategic Command November 2010 Carbon dioxide and the atmosphere “Fossil fuels” CO2 mostly accumulated by plants over 60 million years during the Carboniferous period (300 million years BP) Stored in organic form as coal, oil, gas etc. Accumulated CO2 being rapidly released to the atmosphere by human activities. Carbon dioxide and the atmosphere >25% rise in 30 years Climate change challenges “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” (4th IPCC Report 2007). ! " ##$%&&' Primary effects of climate change Coastal inundation Increasing temperatures More frequent heavy precipitation events (rainstorms, floods or snowstorms) in many areas Higher sea states and wind speeds More intense and longer droughts over wide areas Water and resource scarcity Degradation/changes to natural habitat and species resilience/distributions Coastal inundation Rising sea level in Australian waters $ #& %& $ () ) #& $#% %#&& *+ , Primary causes: Ice melt and thermal expansion Thinning ice caps in west Antarctica. %&&% ) - %&#& ( + Coastal inundation 0.5m sea level rise by 2050, ca. 1.2 m by 2100 (ACE CRC Report 2010) Sea level rise for Sydney currently 1.3 mm per year and accelerating. Paleoclimate information supports the interpretation that the warmth of the last half century is unusual in at least the previous 1300 years. The last time the polar regions were significantly warmer than present for an extended period (about 125,000 years ago), reductions in polar ice volume led to 4 to 6 metres of sea level rise. Rising temperatures Temperature effects – greater energy consumption . (/ / More severe storms Severe storm incidence likely to increase More energy in system . (/ / Higher sea states and wind speeds Maritime activities of all types may be further impacted, especially those that are sea/wind state limited. Helicopter operations Boarding operations Berthing operations Southern ocean access Operational impacts: Search and rescue obligations will expand from more extreme weather events and increased access to the Southern Ocean. MV Explorer . The Age Resource limitations Need to upgrade/replace infrastructure will come at a time when resources may be required elsewhere as Australia adapts to climate change impacts. Ports will be required to meet any