Emizet François KISANGANI
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Country Sheet Democratic Republic of Congo (Drc)
The Country of Return Information Project functions as a network of NGOs for the collection and transfer of specific information on reintegration possibilities for potential returnees and their counsellor. All questions you may have on reintegration possibilities and on which you don’t find the answer in this country sheet can be directed to the helpdesk: “Country of Return Information and Vulnerable Groups”. E-mail: [email protected] COUNTRY SHEET DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC) The Country of Return Information Project and Vulnerable Groups runs until June 2009 and is funded by the European Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that JUNE 09 may be made of the information provided. Sole responsibility for its content lies with the author. 1 DISCLAIMER This Country Sheet is for informational purposes only and no rights can be derived from its contents. The CRI-partners will do their utmost to include accurate, corroborated, transparent and up-to-date information, but make no warrants as to its accuracy or completeness. Consequently, the CRI-partners do not accept responsibility in any way for the information in this Country Sheet and accept no liability for damages of any kind arising from using the information in this Country Sheet. The information in this Country Sheet has been retrieved in collaboration with local partners. This Country Sheet contains links to websites that are created and maintained by other organizations. The CRI-project does not take any responsibility for the content of these websites. The CRI-partners are the partners who participate fully in the CRI-project: Vluchtelingenwerk Vlaanderen, Asociación Comissión Católica Española de Migración, Caritas International Belgium, Consiglio Italiano Per I Rifugiati, Coordination et Initiatives pour les Réfugiés et Étrangers and Dansk Flygtningehjælp. -
Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Congo River
Freshwater Biology (2016) doi:10.1111/fwb.12851 Phytoplankton dynamics in the Congo River † † † JEAN-PIERRE DESCY*, ,FRANCßOIS DARCHAMBEAU , THIBAULT LAMBERT , ‡ § † MAYA P. STOYNEVA-GAERTNER , STEVEN BOUILLON AND ALBERTO V. BORGES *Research Unit in Organismal Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium † Unite d’Oceanographie Chimique, UniversitedeLiege, Liege, Belgium ‡ Department of Botany, University of Sofia St. Kl. Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria § Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium SUMMARY 1. We report a dataset of phytoplankton in the Congo River, acquired along a 1700-km stretch in the mainstem during high water (HW, December 2013) and falling water (FW, June 2014). Samples for phytoplankton analysis were collected in the main river, in tributaries and one lake, and various relevant environmental variables were measured. Phytoplankton biomass and composition were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and marker pigments and by microscopy. Primary production measurements were made using the 13C incubation technique. In addition, data are also reported from a 19-month regular sampling (bi-monthly) at a fixed station in the mainstem of the upper Congo (at the city of Kisangani). 2. Chl a concentrations differed between the two periods studied: in the mainstem, they varied À À between 0.07 and 1.77 lgL 1 in HW conditions and between 1.13 and 7.68 lgL 1 in FW conditions. The relative contribution to phytoplankton biomass from tributaries (mostly black waters) and from a few permanent lakes was low, and the main confluences resulted in phytoplankton dilution. Based on marker pigment concentration, green algae (both chlorophytes and streptophytes) dominated in the mainstem in HW, whereas diatoms dominated in FW; cryptophytes and cyanobacteria were more abundant but still relatively low in the FW period, both in the tributaries and in the main channel. -
1 CURRICULUM VITAE Sayeman BULA-BULA Tenured Professor at the University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
1 CURRICULUM VITAE Sayeman BULA-BULA Tenured Professor at the University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (1987 to present) Former Judge ad hoc at the International Court of Justice (2000-2002) Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (2001-2013) Member of the Editorial Board, African Yearbook of International Law (2003 to present) I. PERSONAL DETAILS Name : BULA-BULA Given name : Sayeman Place and date of birth : Ebonda (Congo), 31 August 1950 Marital status : married, two (2) children Nationality : Congolese Profession : University professor Other professional activities: expert/consultant to various government, non-government and international bodies. II. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 1986 Doctorate in law, University of Louvain. 1976 Masters ( License ) in law, University of Kinshasa. 1973 Law graduate, University of Kinshasa. Various certificates and diplomas. III. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AT NATIONAL LEVEL A. ADMINISTRATIVE 2002 Chair of the National Commission for the Campaign against Corruption (2002-2004). B. UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION 1995 Administrative Secretary-General (1995-1996) of the University of Kinshasa. Member of the Board of Management, acting Academic Secretary-General and substitute Rector (October 1995 and March 1996). 1994 Vice-Dean of the Law Faculty of the University of Kinshasa (1994-1995), responsible for organizing practical and theoretical instruction; member of the Faculty Board, and substitute Dean. 1988 Academic Secretary, Law Faculty of the University of Kinshasa, responsible for the teaching programme (1988-1994). C. TEACHING 1998 “Tenured Professor”, 1998 to present. 1992-1997 “Professor”. 1988-1992 “Associate Professor”. 1976-1980 “Teaching Assistant”. D. CONSULTANCY 2009 Special Consultant to the Hydrocarbons Ministry for the delimitation of the external boundary of the continental shelf. -
DRC)....6 Demographic and Health Situation
UNESCO REVIEW OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ RESPONSES TO HIV AND AIDS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO– The Case of the University of Kinshasa Case Study conducted by Patrick Kayembé Technical Coordinators of the case study at the Association of African Universities (AAU): Alice Lamptey, Terry Amuzu September, 2005 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO. Table of contents List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................5 Methods used:.........................................................................................................................................................5 A. NATIONAL CONTEXT OF HIV/AIDS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (DRC)....6 Demographic and health situation......................................................................................................................6 Scale of the HIV epidemic and trends ...............................................................................................................7 National response...............................................................................................................................................8 -
Democratic Republic of Congo
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 350 Fifth Ave 34 th Floor New York, N.Y. 10118-3299 http://www.hrw.org (212) 290-4700 Vol. 14, No. 6 (G) – August 2002 I counted thirty bodies and bags between the dam and the small rapids, and twelve beyond the rapids. Most corpses were in underwear, and many were beheaded. On the bridges there were still many traces of blood despite attempts to cover them with sand, and on the small maize field to the left of the landing the odors were unbearable. Human Rights Watch interview, Kisangani, June 2002. A Congolese man from Kisangani covers his mouth as he nears the Tshopo bridge, the scene of summary executions by RCD-Goma troops following an attempted mutiny. (c) 2002 AFP WAR CRIMES IN KISANGANI: The Response of Rwandan-backed Rebels to the May 2002 Mutiny 1630 Connecticut Ave, N.W., Suite 500 2nd Floor, 2-12 Pentonville Road 15 Rue Van Campenhout Washington, DC 20009 London N1 9HF, UK 1000 Brussels, Belgium TEL (202) 612-4321 TEL: (44 20) 7713 1995 TEL (32 2) 732-2009 FAX (202) 612-4333 FAX: (44 20) 7713 1800 FAX (32 2) 732-0471 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] August 2002 Vol. 14, No 6 (A) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO WAR CRIMES IN KISANGANI: The Response of Rwandan-backed Rebels to the May 2002 Mutiny I. SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................................................2 II. RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................................................3 -
World Bank Document
AID AND REFORM THE CASE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Part One: Economic Policy and Performance 3 The chaotic years following independence 3 The early Mobutu years 4 Public Disclosure Authorized The shocks of 1973-75 4 The recession years and early attempts at reform 5 The 1983 reform 5 Renewed fiscal laxity 5 The promise of structural reforms 6 The last attempt 7 Part Two: Aid and Reform 9 Financial flows and reform 9 Adequacy of the reform agenda 10 Public resource management 12 Public Disclosure Authorized The political dimension of reform 13 Conclusion 14 This paper is a contribution to the research project initiated by the Development Research Group of the World Bank on Aid and Reform in Africa. The objective of the study is to arrive at a better understanding of the causes of policy reforms and the foreign aid-reform link. The study is to focus on the real causes of reform and if and how aid in practice has encouraged, generated, influenced, supported or retarded reforms. A series of country case studies were launched to achieve the objective of the research project. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was selected among nine other countries in Africa. The case study has been conducted by a team of two researchers, including Public Disclosure Authorized Gilbert Kiakwama, who was Congo’s Minister of Finance in 1983-85, and Jerome Chevallier. AID AND REFORM The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo ABSTRACT. i) During its first years of independence, the Democratic Republic of the Congo plunged into anarchy and became a hot spot in the cold war between the Soviet Union and the West. -
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations name redacted Specialist in African Affairs July 5, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43166 Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Since the 2003 conclusion of “Africa’s World War”—a conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) that drew in neighboring countries and reportedly caused millions of deaths—the United States and other donors have focused substantial resources on stabilizing the country. Smaller-scale insurgencies have nonetheless persisted in DRC’s densely-inhabited, mineral-rich eastern provinces, causing regional instability and a long-running humanitarian crisis. In recent years, political uncertainty at the national level has sparked new unrest. Elections due in 2016 have been repeatedly delayed, leaving President Joseph Kabila—who is widely unpopular—in office well past the end of his second five-year term. State security forces have brutally cracked down on anti-Kabila street protests. Armed conflicts have worsened in the east, while new crises have emerged in previously stable areas such as the central Kasai region and southeastern Tanganyika province. An Ebola outbreak in early 2018 added to the country’s humanitarian challenges, although it appears likely to be contained. The Trump Administration has maintained a high-level concern with human rights abuses and elections in DRC. It has simultaneously altered the U.S. approach in some ways by eliminating a senior Special Envoy position created under the Obama Administration and securing a reduction in the U.N. peacekeeping operation in DRC (MONUSCO). The United States remains the largest humanitarian donor in DRC and the largest financial contributor to MONUSCO. -
Malaria Journal
Ngatu et al. Malar J (2019) 18:53 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2679-0 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with household malaria burden in the Congo Nlandu Roger Ngatu1* , Sakiko Kanbara2, Andre Renzaho3, Roger Wumba4, Etongola P. Mbelambela5, Sifa M. J. Muchanga6, Basilua Andre Muzembo1, Ngombe Leon‑Kabamba7, Choomplang Nattadech1, Tomoko Suzuki1, Numbi Oscar‑Luboya8, Koji Wada1, Mitsunori Ikeda2, Sayumi Nojima2, Tomohiko Sugishita9 and Shunya Ikeda1 Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the most severe public health issues that result in massive morbidity and mortality in most countries of the sub‑Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to determine the scope of household, accessibility to malaria care and factors associated with household malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods: This was a community‑based cross‑sectional study conducted in an urban and a rural sites in which 152 households participated, including 82 urban and 70 rural households (1029 members in total). The ‘malaria indicator questionnaire’ (MIQ) was anonymously answered by household heads (respondents), reporting on malaria status of household members in the last 12 months. Results: There were 67.8% of households using insecticide‑treated bed nets (ITN) only, 14.0% used indoor residual spraying (IRS) only, 7.3% used ordinary bed nets (without insecticide treatment), 1.4% used mosquito repelling cream, 2.2% combined ITN and IRS, whereas 7.3% of households did not employ any preventive measure; p < 0.01). In addi‑ tion, 96.7% of households were afected by malaria (at least one malaria case), and malaria frequency per household was relatively high (mean: 4.5 3.1 cases reported) in the last 12 months. -
CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 1 & 2, 2008 Page 1
Contents Editorial ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Lecture ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 What is an Anthropologist? René Devisch ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Reactions to René Devisch ....................................................................................................................... 12 1. Towards an Ethic of the Intercultural Polylogue The Path of an Anthropologist Déogratias Mbonyinkebe Sebahire ................................................................................................... 12 A Word About René Devisch Fabien Eboussi Boulaga ................................................................................................................... 14 Existential Dilemmas of a North Atlantic Anthropologist in the Production of Relevant Africanist Knowledge Wim van Binsbergen .......................................................................................................................... 15 A Tribute to René Devisch Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja................................................................................................................ 20 The Anthropologist in Four Phases Noël Obotela Rashidi, ...................................................................................................................... -
OCHA DRC Kinshasa Goma Kisangani Kisangani Bukavu Bunia
OCHA DRC Kinshasa Goma Kisangani Bukavu Bunia Mbandaka CONTEXT More than ever before since the onset of the war, the reporting period provided ample and eloquent arguments to perceive the humanitarian crisis in the DRC as a unique drama caused in the first place by unbridled violence, defiant impunity and ongoing violation of fundamental humanitarian principles. What comes first is the cold-blooded settlement of scores between two foreign troops in DRC’s third largest town, using heavy armament and ignoring humanitarian cease-fires in a total disregard for the fate of 600,000 civilians. Such exceptional circumstances led to the non less remarkable adoption of the UNSC Resolution 1304, marked by references to Chapter VII of the UN Charter, and by the presence of Ugandan and Rwandan Foreign ministers. Parallel to blatant violations of humanitarian principles, the level of daily mortality as a direct effect of the ongoing war in eastern DRC, as surveyed recently by International Rescue Committee, gives a horrific account of the silent disaster experienced by Congolese civilians in eastern provinces. Daily violence, mutual fears combined with shrinking access to most basic health services, are breeding an environment of vulnerability that led civilians of Kivu to portray themselves as the “wrecked of the earth”. In a poorly inhabited and remote province such as Maniema, an FAO mission estimated at 68% of the population the proportion of those who had to flee from home at one point since August 1998 (110,000 are still hiding in the forest). A third, most ordinary facet of DRC’s humanitarian crisis, is that witnessed by a humanitarian team in a village on the frontline in northern Katanga, where the absence of food and non food trade across the frontline (with the exception of discreet exchanges between troops) brings both displaced and host communities on the verge of starvation. -
Kitona Operations: Rwanda's Gamble to Capture Kinshasa and The
Courtesy of Author Courtesy of Author of Courtesy Rwandan Patriotic Army soldiers during 1998 Congo war and insurgency Rwandan Patriotic Army soldiers guard refugees streaming toward collection point near Rwerere during Rwanda insurgency, 1998 The Kitona Operation RWANDA’S GAMBLE TO CAPTURE KINSHASA AND THE MIsrEADING OF An “ALLY” By JAMES STEJSKAL One who is not acquainted with the designs of his neighbors should not enter into alliances with them. —SUN TZU James Stejskal is a Consultant on International Political and Security Affairs and a Military Historian. He was present at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda, from 1997 to 2000, and witnessed the events of the Second Congo War. He is a retired Foreign Service Officer (Political Officer) and retired from the U.S. Army as a Special Forces Warrant Officer in 1996. He is currently working as a Consulting Historian for the Namib Battlefield Heritage Project. ndupress.ndu.edu issue 68, 1 st quarter 2013 / JFQ 99 RECALL | The Kitona Operation n early August 1998, a white Boeing remain hurdles that must be confronted by Uganda, DRC in 1998 remained a safe haven 727 commercial airliner touched down U.S. planners and decisionmakers when for rebels who represented a threat to their unannounced and without warning considering military operations in today’s respective nations. Angola had shared this at the Kitona military airbase in Africa. Rwanda’s foray into DRC in 1998 also concern in 1996, and its dominant security I illustrates the consequences of a failure to imperative remained an ongoing civil war the southwestern Bas Congo region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). -
Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Mission
Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. They should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. The text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Thomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 The effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1.