DOCSLIB.ORG

TROFICKÁ NIKA MYRMEKOFÁGNÍCH PAVOUKŮ Bakalářská Práce Magdalena Neradilová

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TROFICKÁ NIKA MYRMEKOFÁGNÍCH PAVOUKŮ Bakalářská Práce Magdalena Neradilová MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOTANIKY A ZOOLOGIE TROFICKÁ NIKA MYRMEKOFÁGNÍCH PAVOUKŮ Bakalářská práce Magdalena Neradilová Vedoucí práce: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, PhD. Brno 2014 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Magdalena Neradilová Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Trofická nika myrmekofágních pavouků Studijní program: Biologie Studijní obor: Systematická biologie a ekologie Vedoucí práce: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, PhD. Akademický rok: 2012/2014 Počet stran: 87 Klíčová slova: Trofická nika, myrmekofágie, myrmekofágní pavouci, potravní specialista, Theridiidae, Euryopis episinoides, predace, preference, preferenční chování Bibliographic Entry Author: Magdalena Neradilová Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Thesis: Trophic niche of myrmecophagic spiders Degree Programme: Biology Field of Study: Systematic biology and ecology Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, PhD. Academic Year: 2012/214 Number of Pages: 87 Keywords: Trophic niche, myrmekophagy, ant-eating spiders, food specialist, Theridiidae, Euryopis episinoides, predation, preferences, prey-choice behavior ABSTRAKT Tato bakalářská práce zahrnuje část teoretickou a část praktickou. V teoretické části bylo cílem uskutečnit literární rešerši trofické niky myrmekofágních pavouků. Praktická část byla zaměřena na pavouka Euryopis episinoides a na jeho potravní specializaci. Aktuální kořist byla zjištěna na základě analýzy zámotků obsahující zbytky kořistí. Výsledek odhalil jeho úplnou specializaci na lov mravenců. Experiment pro zjištění šířky spektra kořisti E. episinoides probíhal v laboratorních podmínkách. Postupně byla tomuto druhu nabídnuta kořist v podobě mravenců dvou čeledí a následně i devět zástupců jiných arthropod. Provedenými experimenty bylo dokázáno, ţe E. episinoides není potravní specialista zaměřený na lov jednoho typu kořisti (předpoklad na základě analýzy výše uvedených zámotků), ale je schopen lovit v širším spektru kořisti. Největší úspěšnost byla zaznamenána při lovu mravenců, termitů a ovocných mušek. Během experimentu byly pozorovány také chování, fáze lovu a reakce E. episinoides na různý typ kořisti. ABSTRACT This thesis includes a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part aimed to make a literature research of the trophic niche of the myrmekophagous spiders. The practical part was focused on a species called Euryopis episinoides and its foraging specialization. The actual prey was found based on the analysis of cocoons containing residues of the prey. The result revealed its full specialization in hunting ants. The experiment to determine the range of the E. episinoides’s prey was conducted in the laboratory conditions. A prey was offered to this species in the form of two families of ants and subsequently nine representatives of other arthropods. The performed experiments confirmed that E. episinoides is not a monophagic focused only on one type of hunting prey (assumption based on the analysis of the cocoons, as stated above) but it can hunt in a wider range of prey. The biggest success was recorded when hunting ants, termites and fruit flies. During the experiment, the behavior in hunting and theresponse to various types of prey of E. episinoides were also observed. PODĚKOVÁNÍ V první řadě bych ráda poděkovala prof. Mgr. Stanu Pekárovi PhD. za ispirativní přístup, ochotu, trpělivé vedení a pomoc při analýze přirozené kořisti. Mgr. Lence Sentenské a Mgr. Evě Líznarové děkuji za ochotu a trpělivost při odpovídání nebo řešení mých, ne vţdy jednoduchých dotazů. Dále Miroslavu Vaverkovi za poskytnutou potenciání kořist pro experiment a Mgr. Jiřímu Procházkovi za ujasnění statistických nesrovnalostí. Svým rodičům bych chtěla poděkovat za podporu při studiu a za poskytnuté zázemí. A v neposlední řadě děkuji mým spoluţákům a kolegům z laboratoře za pozitivní přístup a ochotu pomoci. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem svoji bakalářskou práci vypracovala samostatně s vyuţitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. V Brně 8. ledna 2014 . Jméno a přímení Úvod Má bakalářská práce se zabývá myrmekofágními organismy hlavně pavouky a jejich trofickou nikou. Práce obsahuje dvě části, teoretickou a praktickou. Podstatou teoretické části bylo provedení literární rešerše organismů specializujících se na lov určitého typu kořisti (v našem případě na lov mravenců). Cílem praktické části bylo zjištění spektra aktuální kořisti v přirozeném prostředí u vybraného druhu pavouka. Následným úkolem bylo na základě experimentu v laboratorních podmínkách zjistit, jak široké spektrum kořisti bude námi zvolený pavouk lovit v rámci nabízené potenciální kořisti. V neposlední řadě bylo pozorováno chování a lovecká technika vybraného druhu pavouka pro jednotlivé typy kořisti. OBSAH TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 1 Ekologická nika ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Historie ekologické niky .................................................................................. 11 1.2 Teorie ekologické niky ..................................................................................... 12 1.3 Ekologická valence .......................................................................................... 12 1.4 Trofická (potravní) nika ................................................................................... 13 2 Myrmekofágie ......................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Charakteristika skupiny Formicidae a Isoptera ................................................ 17 2.2 Aktuální, potencionální kořist a parasitismus .................................................. 18 2.3 Preference kořisti ............................................................................................. 21 2.3.1 Preference jednotlivých mravenčích druhů .............................................. 21 2.3.2 Preference podle velikosti kořisti ............................................................. 24 2.3.3 Různá vývojová stádia u myrmekofágie ................................................... 25 2.4 Vliv okolních podmínek na myrmekofágii ...................................................... 26 2.5 Vliv stavu predátora ......................................................................................... 28 2.6 Adaptace v rámci myrmekofágie ..................................................................... 28 2.7 Další příklady myrmekofágie u obratlovců ...................................................... 33 2.7.1 Ţáby .......................................................................................................... 33 2.7.2 Hadi a slepýši ............................................................................................ 37 2.7.3 Ještěrky ..................................................................................................... 37 2.7.4 Ptáci .......................................................................................................... 39 2.7.5 Savci .......................................................................................................... 39 2.8 Další příklady myrmekofágie u bezobratlých .................................................. 40 2.8.1 Charakteristika skupiny Araneae .............................................................. 41 2.8.2 Široké spektrum kořisti ............................................................................. 42 2.8.3 Specialisté ................................................................................................. 42 PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST 3 Cíle práce ................................................................................................................ 44 4 Experiment .............................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Materiál a metodika .......................................................................................... 46 5 Výsledky ................................................................................................................. 49 5.1 Analýza přirozené kořisti ................................................................................. 49 5.2 Porovnání lovu kořisti ...................................................................................... 50 5.3 Analýza lovu .................................................................................................... 55 5.3.1 Části lovu .................................................................................................. 55 5.3.2 Taktika lovu různých typů kořisti ............................................................. 57 5.3.3 Doba trvání jednotlivých částí lovu změnit číslování u tabulek ............... 62 9 6 Diskuse .................................................................................................................... 68 7 Závěr ....................................................................................................................... 72 8 LITERATURA ....................................................................................................... 73 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 1 Ekologická nika Nika má své uplatnění v nejednom vědním oboru. Pro naše účely se budeme zabývat nikou ekologickou, která je spjata s konkrétním biologickým druhem, který tuto niku vytváří. Jedná se o prostorové a funkční zařazení organismu do ekosystému, nebo způsob, jakým je organismus zapojen do jeho fungování (BEGON et al. 2005). Nejčastěji
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversidade E Monitoramento Ambiental Integrado Biodiversidade E Monitoramento Monitoring Environmental and Integrated Biodiversity Antonio R
    Biodiversidade e Magnusson et al. Monitoramento Ambiental Integrado Biodiversity and Integrated Environmental Monitoring William Magnusson Ricardo Braga-Neto • Flávia Pezzini Fabrício Baccaro • Helena Bergallo Jerry Penha • Domingos Rodrigues Luciano M. Verdade • Albertina Lima Ana Luísa Albernaz • Jean-Marc Hero Ben Lawson • Carolina Castilho Débora Drucker • Elisabeth Franklin Fernando Mendonça • Flávia Costa Graciliano Galdino • Guy Castley Jansen Zuanon • Julio do Vale José Laurindo Campos dos Santos Regina Luizão • Renato Cintra Reinaldo I. Barbosa • Antônio Lisboa Rodrigo V. Koblitz • Cátia Nunes da Cunha Biodiversidade e Monitoramento Ambiental Integrado Biodiversidade e Monitoramento Monitoring Environmental and Integrated Biodiversity Antonio R. Mendes Pontes Biodiversidade e Monitoramento Ambiental Integrado Biodiversity and Integrated Environmental Monitoring William Magnusson Ricardo Braga-Neto • Flávia Pezzini Fabrício Baccaro • Helena Bergallo Jerry Penha • Domingos Rodrigues Luciano M. Verdade • Albertina Lima Ana Luísa Albernaz • Jean-Marc Hero Ben Lawson • Carolina Castilho Débora Drucker • Elisabeth Franklin Fernando Mendonça • Flávia Costa Graciliano Galdino • Guy Castley Jansen Zuanon • Julio do Vale José Laurindo Campos dos Santos Regina Luizão • Renato Cintra Reinaldo I. Barbosa • Antônio Lisboa Rodrigo V. Koblitz • Cátia Nunes da Cunha Antonio R. Mendes Pontes Manaus 2013 Copyright © 2013 Os autores Todos os direitos reservados. Coordenação editorial Ricardo Braga-Neto William Magnusson Flávia Pezzini Autores William Magnusson • Ricardo Braga-Neto • Flávia Pezzini • Fabrício Baccaro Helena Bergallo • Jerry Penha • Domingos Rodrigues • Luciano M. Verdade Albertina Lima • Ana Luísa Albernaz • Jean-Marc Hero • Ben Lawson • Carolina Castilho Débora Drucker • Elizabeth Franklin • Fernando Mendonça • Flávia Costa • Graciliano Galdino Guy Castley • Jansen Zuanon • Julio do Vale • José Laurindo Campos dos Santos Regina Luizão • Renato Cintra • Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa • Antônio Lisboa Rodrigo V.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Endangered Species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Roraima State, Northern Brazil
    Zootaxa 3926 (2): 191–210 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BCA3901A-DF07-4FAF-8386-C24649557313 Two new endangered species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil ANTOINE FOUQUET1,2,8, SERGIO MARQUES SOUZA2, PEDRO M. SALES NUNES2,3, PHILIPPE J. R. KOK4,5, FELIPE FRANCO CURCIO2,6, CELSO MORATO DE CARVALHO7, TARAN GRANT2 & MIGUEL TREFAUT RODRIGUES2 1CNRS Guyane USR3456, Immeuble Le Relais, 2 Avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana 2Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 11.461,CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 3Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil 4Biology Department, Amphibian Evolution Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2 Pleinlaan, B- 1050 Brussels, Belgium 5Department of Recent Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 rue Vautier, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium 6Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba MT, Brazil 7INPA Núcleo de Pesquisas de Roraima (INPA/NPRR), Rua Coronel Pinto 315 – Centro, 69301-970, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil 8Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe two new species of Anomaloglossus from Roraima State, Brazil, that are likely endemic to single mountains currently isolated among lowland forest and savanna ecosystems. The first species, Anomaloglossus tepequem sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologia De Anuros Biology of Anurans 26 (Sapos, Rãs, Jias E Pererecas) (Frogs, Toads and Treefrogs)
    Copyright © 2008 by Albertina P. Lima [et al.] Todos os direitos reservados. Coordenação editorial Albertina P. Lima Claudia Keller William E. Magnusson Capa, projeto gráfico, diagramação e produção Áttema Design Editorial • www.attema.com.br Fotos Dos autores. Exceto a foto de Phrynohyas resinifictrix (D)de autoria de Benjamim B. da Luz, com o auxílio de Luciana K. Erdtmann e a foto de Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (D)de autoria de Selvino Neckel-Oliveira. Filmagens Karl S. Mokross, exceto a filmagem da espécie Trachycephalus resinifictrix de autoria de Olivier Jauboin e Ceratophrys cornuta de autoria de Vicky Flechas. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA Diretor: Adalberto Luis Val Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Guia de sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazônia Central = Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia / Albertina Pimentel Lima ...[et al.]. – Manaus : Áttema Design Editorial, 2008. 1 CD-ROM ; color. ; (4 ¾ pol.). ISBN: 978-85-99387-04-7 1. Herpetologia. 2. Anfíbios Anuros. 3. Reserva Adolpho Ducke. 4. Pimentel Lima, Albertina CDD - 597.8 Bibliotecária: CRB Rua Leonor Teles, 271-b • Conjunto Abílio Nery • Adrianópolis CEP 69.060-001 • Manaus • AM • Brasil Tel.: 55 (92) 3642.2754 • Tel./Fax: 55 (92) 3642.0004 • [email protected] www.attema.com.br How to use this Guide Guide to the Frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke Prefácio Preface ais de dois séculos se passaram ore than two centuries have desde que a Ciência descobriu passed since scientists first a riqueza biológica da Bacia became aware of the rich Amazônica. Exploradores natu- biota of the Amazon Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Resource Use by an Assemblage of Terrestrial Frogs from the Brazilian Cerrado
    NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 15 (2): 135-146 ©NWJZ, Oradea, Romania, 2019 Article No.: e181502 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Dietary resource use by an assemblage of terrestrial frogs from the Brazilian Cerrado Thiago MARQUES-PINTO1,*, André Felipe BARRETO-LIMA1,2,3 and Reuber Albuquerque BRANDÃO1 1. Laboratório de Fauna e Unidades de Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília – DF, Brazil. 70.910-900, [email protected] 2. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília – DF, Brazil. 70.910-900, [email protected] 3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília – DF, Brazil. 70.910-900. *Corresponding author, T. Marques-Pinto, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 08. June 2016 / Accepted: 07. April 2018 / Available online: 19. April 2018 / Printed: December 2019 Abstract. Diet is an important aspect of the ecological niche, and assemblages are often structured based on the ways food resources are partitioned among coexisting species. However, few works investigated the use of food resources in anuran communities in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Thereby, we studied the feeding ecology of an anuran assembly composed of six terrestrial frog species in a Cerrado protected area. Our main purpose was to detect if there was a structure in the assemblage based on the species’ diet, in terms of the feeding niche overlap and the species’ size. All specimens were collected by pitfall traps placed along a lagoon margin, during the rainy season. We collected six frog species: Elachistocleis cesarii (172 individuals), Leptodactylus fuscus (10), L.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Acoustic Analysis of the Vocal Repertoire of the Golden Rocket Frog (Anomaloglossus Beebei)
    College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Biology Faculty Publications Biology 6-2012 Quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei) Beth A. Pettitt College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Godfrey R. Bourne Mark A. Bee Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/biology_pubs Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Pettitt BA, Bourne GR, Bee MA. 2012. Quantitative Acoustic Analysis of the Vocal Repertoire of the Golden Rocket Frog (Anomaloglossus beebei). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131(6): 4811-4820. © 2012 Acoustical Society of America Quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei) Beth A. Pettitta) Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Godfrey R. Bourne Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 Mark A. Bee Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (Received 15 July 2011; revised 23 April 2012; accepted 25 April 2012) This study describes the vocal repertoire of the Guyanan golden rocket frog, Anomaloglossus bee- bei, a bromeliad specialist with biparental care. Using multivariate analyses of nine call properties, as well as the occurrence of nonlinear phenomena, three signal types were distinguished—adver- tisement, courtship, and aggressive calls. Although all three call types were composed of a short se- ries of rapidly repeated pulses, advertisement calls were produced at higher amplitudes and had longer pulse durations than both courtship calls and aggressive calls.
    [Show full text]
  • Space, Habitat and Isolation Are the Key Determinants of Tree Colonization by the Carpenter Ant in Plantation Forests
    Article Space, Habitat and Isolation are the Key Determinants of Tree Colonization by the Carpenter Ant in Plantation Forests Adam Véle 1,2 and Jakub Horák 1,3,* 1 Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague, Czech Republic 2 Forestry & Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, CZ-252 02 Jílovištˇe,Czech Republic 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 June 2019; Accepted: 25 July 2019; Published: 27 July 2019 Abstract: Forest plantations are still often considered the antithesis of real nature. However, plantations can host many organisms. The problem is that some of the hosted species are regarded ad hoc as pests. The main aim of our paper was to study the carpenter ant (Camponotus ligniperdus) in windstorm habitats. We studied forests in East Bohemia, Czech Republic, and focused on the spatial distribution of snapped trees and the influence of selected forest characteristics on the incidence of ant nests. We found that the nests in the study area mainly occurred in Norway spruce, which is the most commercially important tree in the majority of Central Europe. More than one quarter of the snapped trees were inhabited by the ants. We found that nests exhibited a spatially autocorrelated pattern that differed on spatial scales. The most important characteristic of the host tree for determining carpenter ant nests was the presence of brown rot, and the majority of tree nests were isolated from forest openings.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File (601KB)
    Myrmecological News 16 7-23 Vienna, January 2012 The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are unique and enigmatic hosts of prevalent Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria) symbionts Jacob A. RUSSELL Abstract Intracellular bacteria from the genus Wolbachia are the most prevalent microbes found among the arthropods, shaping the ecology and evolution of their hosts through selfish and mutualistic means. The ants comprise an interesting group of Wolbachia hosts given their status as eusocial haplodiploids with commonly biased sex ratios. Although experimental hurdles have obscured Wolbachia's impacts on the ants, published findings have still managed to document unique aspects of ant-Wolbachia interactions, including exceptional levels of multiple infection, symbiont curing, and potential effects of host mobility on the spread and evolution of these heritable symbionts. To further develop hypotheses on the significance of Wolbachia and the forces that shape their distributions across the ants and beyond, I synthesize the results of a growing body of literature that has largely focused on symbiont prevalence. Results from surveys across ~ 455 species indicate that ants are common hosts, although infection levels differ among ant genera and likely across taxa with different modes of colony founding. A meta-analysis of Wolbachia distributions across ~ 2,600 other arthropod species revealed a similar pattern of variation among lower-level taxa, suggesting that the ecological and evolutionary shifts governing infection dynamics have occurred on recent timescales. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that ant-associated Wolbachia symbionts show some degree of host specificity. However, related strains are generally distributed across ants from multiple tribes and genera, while ants from different locations harbor strains from distinct lineages on the Wolbachia phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • The Peculiar Breeding Biology of the Amazonian Frog Allobates Subfolionidificans (Aromobatidae) Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências, Vol
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil SOUZA, JESUS R.D.; KAEFER, IGOR L.; LIMA, ALBERTINA P. The peculiar breeding biology of the Amazonian frog Allobates subfolionidificans (Aromobatidae) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 89, núm. 2, abril-junio, 2017, pp. 885-893 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32751197009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2017) 89(2): 885-893 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160245 www.scielo.br/aabc The peculiar breeding biology of the Amazonian frog Allobates subfolionidificans(Aromobatidae) JESUS R.D. SOUZA1, IGOR L. KAEFER2 and ALBERTINA P. LIMA3 1Departamento de Áreas Protegidas e Biodiversidade, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Acre, Avenida Benjamin Constant, 856, 69900-062 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil 2Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil 3Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil Manuscript received on April 29, 2016; accepted for publication on August 31, 2016 ABSTRACT Allobates subfolionidificans is a vulnerable and endemic leaf-litter frog from the state of Acre, Brazilian Amazonia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Social Parasitism in Formica Ants Revealed by a Global Phylogeny – Supplementary Figures, Tables, and References
    The evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants revealed by a global phylogeny – Supplementary figures, tables, and references Marek L. Borowiec Stefan P. Cover Christian Rabeling 1 Supplementary Methods Data availability Trimmed reads generated for this study are available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (to be submit­ ted upon publication). Detailed voucher collection information, assembled sequences, analyzed matrices, configuration files and output of all analyses, and code used are available on Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zen­ odo.4341310). Taxon sampling For this study we gathered samples collected in the past ~60 years which were available as either ethanol­ preserved or point­mounted specimens. Taxon sampling comprises 101 newly sequenced ingroup morphos­ pecies from all seven species groups of Formica ants Creighton (1950) that were recognized prior to our study and 8 outgroup species. Our sampling was guided by previous taxonomic and phylogenetic work Creighton (1950); Francoeur (1973); Snelling and Buren (1985); Seifert (2000, 2002, 2004); Goropashnaya et al. (2004, 2012); Trager et al. (2007); Trager (2013); Seifert and Schultz (2009a,b); Muñoz­López et al. (2012); Antonov and Bukin (2016); Chen and Zhou (2017); Romiguier et al. (2018) and included represen­ tatives from both the New and the Old World. Collection data associated with sequenced samples can be found in Table S1. Molecular data collection and sequencing We performed non­destructive extraction and preserved same­specimen vouchers for each newly sequenced sample. We re­mounted all vouchers, assigned unique specimen identifiers (Table S1), and deposited them in the ASU Social Insect Biodiversity Repository (contact: Christian Rabeling, [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Th`Ese: Christophe THEBAUD´ Et Antoine FOUQUET Rapporteurs : Violaine NICOLAS-COLIN Et Fr´Ed´Ericdelsuc Declaration
    THTHESEESE`` En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE´ DE TOULOUSE D´elivr´epar : l’Universit´eToulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Pr´esent´eeet soutenue le 23/03/2017 par : Jean-Pierre VACHER Diversification in the Guiana Shield as seen through frogs JURY Sebastien´ BROSSE Professeur d’Universit´e Pr´esident du Jury Thibaud DECAENS¨ Professeur d’Universit´e Membre du Jury Miguel VENCES Professeur d’Universit´e Membre du Jury Ecole´ doctorale et sp´ecialit´e: SEVAB : Ecologie,´ biodiversit´eet ´evolution Unit´ede Recherche : Laboratoire Evolution´ et Diversit´eBiologique (UMR 5174) Directeur(s) de Th`ese: Christophe THEBAUD´ et Antoine FOUQUET Rapporteurs : Violaine NICOLAS-COLIN et Fr´ed´ericDELSUC Declaration This work has benefited from an \Investissement d'Avenir" grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref.ANR-10-LABX-25-01), France. 2 Acknowledgements Unlike a lot of people, I don't think the Acknowledgments is the most interesting part in a PhD dissertation. And it's actually a quite difficult task to accomplish. Most of the time, words do not flow seamlessly through the pen (or keyboard as we most often use in our modern world). For these reasons, at first I wanted to write a very dull thank you list, mandatory, nothing more. But then I got caught up in the spiral of writing stuff about people, about experiences, and it's actually quite fun. So here it is, four pages of acknowledgements, I hope it's not too boring nor too long. I also hope that you will find your name in the upcoming lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization in Ants
    Rockefeller University Digital Commons @ RU Student Theses and Dissertations 2020 Hybridization in Ants Ian Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/ student_theses_and_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Rockefeller University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ian Butler June 2020 © Copyright by Ian Butler 2020 HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS Ian Butler, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University 2020 Interspecific hybridization is a relatively common occurrence within all animal groups. Two main factors make hybridization act differently in ants than in other species: eusociality and haplodiploidy. These factors serve to reduce the costs of interspecific hybridization in ants while simultaneously allowing them to take advantage of certain benefits. Eusociality may mitigate the effects of hybridization by allowing hybrids to be shunted into the worker caste, potentially reducing the effects of hybrid sterility. In haplodiploid species, males do not have a father. They instead develop from unfertilized eggs as haploid clones of their mother. This means that interspecifically mated queens do not completely sacrifice reproductive potential even if all hybrids are sterile because they can still produce fertile males. These factors in turn suggest that hybridization should be more common among the social Hymenoptera than other animal groups. Nevertheless, current data suggest that ants hybridize at rates similar to other animal groups, although these data are limited. Furthermore, there is a large amount of overlap between cases of interspecific hybridization and cases of genetic caste determination. A majority of the cases in ants where caste is determined primarily by genotype are associated with hybridization.
    [Show full text]
  • First Observation of an Ant Colony Of
    Alpine Entomology 5 2021, 23–26 | DOI 10.3897/alpento.5.67037 First observation of an ant colony of Formica fuscocinerea Forel, 1874 invaded by the social parasite F. truncorum Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Rainer Neumeyer1, Jürg Sommerhalder2, Stefan Ungricht3 1 Luegislandstrasse 56, 8051 Zürich, Switzerland 2 Längimoosstrasse 11, 8309 Nürensdorf, Switzerland 3 ETH-Zentrum, Gebäude NO, Büro DO 39, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland http://zoobank.org/90CA22B2-A9EA-43E1-93B4-132D57C57B0A Corresponding author: Rainer Neumeyer ([email protected]) Academic editor: Stefan Schmidt ♦ Received 6 April 2021 ♦ Accepted 16 May 2021 ♦ Published 2 June 2021 Abstract In the northern Alps of Switzerland we observed a mixed ant colony of Formica truncorum Fabricius, 1804 and F. fuscocinerea Forel, 1874 at the foot of a schoolhouse wall in the built-up centre of the small town of Näfels (canton of Glarus). Based on the fact that the habitat is favorable only for F. fuscocinerea and that F. truncorum is a notorious temporary social parasite, we conclude that in this case a colony of F. fuscocinerea must have been usurped by F. truncorum. This is remarkable, as it is the first reported case where a colony of F. fuscocinerea has been taken over by a social parasite. We consider the observed unusually small workers of F. truncorum to be a starvation form. This is probably due to the suboptimal urban nest site, as this species typically occurs along the edge of forests or in clearings. Key Words Central Europe, northern Alps, social insects, temporary social parasitism, urban ecology Introduction ing phase of the parasite colony ends.
    [Show full text]