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Using Cell Lines to Study Factors Affecting Transmission of Fish Viruses
Using cell lines to study factors affecting transmission of fish viruses by Phuc Hoang Pham A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Phuc Hoang Pham 2014 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Factors that can influence the transmission of aquatic viruses in fish production facilities and natural environment are the immune defense of host species, the ability of viruses to infect host cells, and the environmental persistence of viruses. In this thesis, fish cell lines were used to study different aspects of these factors. Five viruses were used in this study: viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from the Rhabdoviridae family; chum salmon reovirus (CSV) from the Reoviridae family; infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from the Birnaviridae family; and grouper iridovirus (GIV) and frog virus-3 (FV3) from the Iridoviridae family. The first factor affecting the transmission of fish viruses examined in this thesis is the immune defense of host species. In this work, infections of marine VHSV-IVa and freshwater VHSV-IVb were studied in two rainbow trout cell lines, RTgill-W1 from the gill epithelium, and RTS11 from spleen macrophages. RTgill-W1 produced infectious progeny of both VHSV-IVa and -IVb. However, VHSV-IVa was more infectious than IVb toward RTgill-W1: IVa caused cytopathic effects (CPE) at a lower viral titre, elicited CPE earlier, and yielded higher titres. -
Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV): on the Search for Determinants Important for Virulence in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 08, 2017 Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV): on the search for determinants important for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss Olesen, Niels Jørgen; Skall, H. F.; Kurita, J.; Mori, K.; Ito, T. Published in: 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Olesen, N. J., Skall, H. F., Kurita, J., Mori, K., & Ito, T. (2015). Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV): on the search for determinants important for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. In 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish: Abstract book (pp. 147-147). [O-139] Las Palmas: European Association of Fish Pathologists. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. DISCLAIMER: The organizer takes no responsibility for any of the content stated in the abstracts. -
Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identification
viruses Article Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identification of Novel Thogotovirus Species and Rhabdovirus Genus Sarah Temmam 1, Sonia Monteil-Bouchard 1, Catherine Robert 1, Jean-Pierre Baudoin 1, Masse Sambou 1, Maxence Aubadie-Ladrix 1, Noémie Labas 1, Didier Raoult 1,2, Oleg Mediannikov 1 and Christelle Desnues 1,* 1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (S.M.-B.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (J.-P.B.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.A.-L.); [email protected] (N.L.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (O.M.). 2 Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13005, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-0-491324630; Fax: +33-0-491387772 Academic Editors: Johnson Mak, Peter Walker and Marcus Thomas Gilbert Received: 21 October 2015; Accepted: 1 March 2016; Published: 11 March 2016 Abstract: More than two thirds of emerging viruses are of zoonotic origin, and among them RNA viruses represent the majority. Ceratopogonidae (genus Culicoides) are well-known vectors of several viruses responsible for epizooties (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, etc.). They are also vectors of the only known virus infecting humans: the Oropouche virus. Female midges usually feed on a variety of hosts, leading to possible transmission of emerging viruses from animals to humans. -
2020 Taxonomic Update for Phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), Including the Large Orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Jens H. Kuhn1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Gaya K. Amarasinghe5 · Simon J. Anthony6,7 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc8 · María A. Ayllón9,10 · Justin Bahl11 · Anne Balkema‑Buschmann12 · Matthew J. Ballinger13 · Tomáš Bartonička14 · Christopher Basler15 · Sina Bavari16 · Martin Beer17 · Dennis A. Bente18 · Éric Bergeron19 · Brian H. Bird20 · Carol Blair21 · Kim R. Blasdell22 · Steven B. Bradfute23 · Rachel Breyta24 · Thomas Briese25 · Paul A. Brown26 · Ursula J. Buchholz27 · Michael J. Buchmeier28 · Alexander Bukreyev18,29 · Felicity Burt30 · Nihal Buzkan31 · Charles H. Calisher32 · Mengji Cao33,34 · Inmaculada Casas35 · John Chamberlain36 · Kartik Chandran37 · Rémi N. Charrel38 · Biao Chen39 · Michela Chiumenti40 · Il‑Ryong Choi41 · J. Christopher S. Clegg42 · Ian Crozier43 · John V. da Graça44 · Elena Dal Bó45 · Alberto M. R. Dávila46 · Juan Carlos de la Torre47 · Xavier de Lamballerie38 · Rik L. de Swart48 · Patrick L. Di Bello49 · Nicholas Di Paola50 · Francesco Di Serio40 · Ralf G. Dietzgen51 · Michele Digiaro52 · Valerian V. Dolja53 · Olga Dolnik54 · Michael A. Drebot55 · Jan Felix Drexler56 · Ralf Dürrwald57 · Lucie Dufkova58 · William G. Dundon59 · W. Paul Duprex60 · John M. Dye50 · Andrew J. Easton61 · Hideki Ebihara62 · Toufc Elbeaino63 · Koray Ergünay64 · Jorlan Fernandes195 · Anthony R. Fooks65 · Pierre B. H. Formenty66 · Leonie F. Forth17 · Ron A. M. Fouchier48 · Juliana Freitas‑Astúa67 · Selma Gago‑Zachert68,69 · George Fú Gāo70 · María Laura García71 · Adolfo García‑Sastre72 · Aura R. Garrison50 · Aiah Gbakima73 · Tracey Goldstein74 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez75,76 · Anthony Grifths77 · Martin H. Groschup12 · Stephan Günther78 · Alexandro Guterres195 · Roy A. -
Characterization of Perch Rhabdovirus (PRV) in Farmed Grayling Thymallus Thymallus
Vol. 106: 117–127, 2013 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 11 doi: 10.3354/dao02654 Dis Aquat Org FREEREE ACCESSCCESS Characterization of perch rhabdovirus (PRV) in farmed grayling Thymallus thymallus Tuija Gadd1,*, Satu Viljamaa-Dirks2, Riikka Holopainen1, Perttu Koski3, Miia Jakava-Viljanen1,4 1Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland 2Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Neulaniementie, 70210 Kuopio, Finland 3Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Elektroniikkatie 3, 90590 Oulu, Finland 4Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 30, 00023 Government, Finland ABSTRACT: Two Finnish fish farms experienced elevated mortality rates in farmed grayling Thy- mallus thymallus fry during the summer months, most typically in July. The mortalities occurred during several years and were connected with a few neurological disorders and peritonitis. Viro- logical investigation detected an infection with an unknown rhabdovirus. Based on the entire gly- coprotein (G) and partial RNA polymerase (L) gene sequences, the virus was classified as a perch rhabdovirus (PRV). Pairwise comparisons of the G and L gene regions of grayling isolates revealed that all isolates were very closely related, with 99 to 100% nucleotide identity, which suggests the same origin of infection. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that they were closely related to the strain isolated from perch Perca fluviatilis and sea trout Salmo trutta trutta caught from the Baltic Sea. The entire G gene sequences revealed that all Finnish grayling isolates, and both the perch and sea trout isolates, were most closely related to a PRV isolated in France in 2004. According to the partial L gene sequences, all of the Finnish grayling isolates were most closely related to the Danish isolate DK5533 from pike. -
Physicochemical Properties of Double-Stranded RNA Used to Discover a Reo-Like Virus from Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus
Vol. 93: 17–29, 2010 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published December 7 doi: 10.3354/dao02280 Dis Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Physicochemical properties of double-stranded RNA used to discover a reo-like virus from blue crab Callinectes sapidus Holly A. Bowers1, Gretchen A. Messick2, Ammar Hanif1, Rosemary Jagus1, Lee Carrion3, Oded Zmora4, Eric J. Schott1,* 1Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA 2Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research at Charleston USDOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA 3Coveside Crabs, Inc., Dundalk, Maryland 21222, USA 4Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA ABSTRACT: Mortality among blue crab Callinectes sapidus in soft shell production facilities is typi- cally 25% or greater. The harvest, handling, and husbandry practices of soft shell crab production have the potential to spread or exacerbate infectious crab diseases. To investigate the possible role of viruses in soft shell crab mortalities, we took advantage of the physicochemical properties of double- stranded RNA (dsRNA) to isolate a putative virus genome. Further characterization confirmed the presence of a reo-like virus that possesses 12 dsRNA genome segments. The virus was present in >50% of dead or dying soft shell crabs, but fewer than 5% of healthy hard crabs. Injection of the virus caused mortality and resulted in the appearance of viral RNA and virus inclusions in hemocytes. The genome of the virus was partially sequenced and the information used to develop a reverse transcrip- tion polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay that is able to detect the virus genome in as little as 7.5 pg of total RNA. -
Novel Reovirus Associated with Epidemic Mortality in Wild Largemouth Bass
Journal of General Virology (2016), 97, 2482–2487 DOI 10.1099/jgv.0.000568 Short Novel reovirus associated with epidemic mortality Communication in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Samuel D. Sibley,1† Megan A. Finley,2† Bridget B. Baker,2 Corey Puzach,3 Aníbal G. Armien, 4 David Giehtbrock2 and Tony L. Goldberg1,5 Correspondence 1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA Tony L. Goldberg 2Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management, Madison, WI, [email protected] USA 3United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, WI, USA 4Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA 5Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Reoviruses (family Reoviridae) infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with clinical effects ranging from inapparent to lethal. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of Largemouth bass reovirus (LMBRV), found during investigation of a mortality event in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in 2015 in WI, USA. LMBRV has spherical virions of approximately 80 nm diameter containing 10 segments of linear dsRNA, aligning it with members of the genus Orthoreovirus, which infect mammals and birds, rather than members of the genus Aquareovirus, which contain 11 segments and infect teleost fishes. LMBRV is only between 24 % and 68 % similar at the amino acid level to its closest relative, Piscine reovirus (PRV), the putative cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation of farmed salmon. LMBRV expands the Received 11 May 2016 known diversity and host range of its lineage, which suggests that an undiscovered diversity of Accepted 1 August 2016 related pathogenic reoviruses may exist in wild fishes. -
Mgr. Marie Vilánková
www.novinky.cz www.rozhlas.cz VIRY Mgr. Marie Vilánková © ECC s.r.o. www.stefajir.cz Všechna práva vyhrazena Viry • Jejich zařazení do živé přírody • Virus jako informace • Jejich členění, • způsoby pronikání do lidského organismu, • nejčastější zdravotní problémy s nimi spojené • Možnosti řešení, včetně akutních infekcí, preparáty Joalis • Proč preparát Antivex je velmi důležitý © ECC s.r.o. Všechna práva vyhrazena Země • Životní prostředí – živé organismy - rostliny, živočichové… – tvořeny buňkami • Rostliny – počátek potravního řetězce, umí zachytávat sluneční energii a ukládat do chemických vazeb • Zvířata – zdroj potravy – rostliny nebo jiná zvířata • Houby a plísně – rozklad hmoty na základní prvky • Bakterie – také rozklad, velký význam v oběhu živin, prospěšné svazky s jinými organismy, mohou také škodit - Různé vztahy mezi organismy – boj o potravu, získání životního prostoru, přežití… © ECC s.r.o. Všechna práva vyhrazena Živé organismy • Živé organismy tvořeny buňkami – jednobuněčné (bakterie, prvoci, některé plísně), vícebuněčné • Buňka – tvořena ze specializovaných částí organel - cytoplasma, jádro, mitochondrie, endoplasmatické retikulum … • Buněčná membrána: dvojitá vrstva fosfolipidů s molekulami bílkovin – velmi důležité NENAsycené mastné kyseliny – VÝŽIVA!!! • Každá buňka – samostatný organismus – přijímá potravu, vylučuje, rozmnožuje se, reaguje na okolí, má nějakou fci -stavební produkuje stavební materiál (bílkoviny), transportní bariérová – přenáší částice přes bariéru, pohybová – natahuje a smršťuje se, signalizační © ECC s.r.o. Všechna práva vyhrazena Organismus = společnost buněk Soubor buněk = základní funkční jednotka • Propojeny pojivem – mezibuněčná hmota – produkt buněk vazivo, chrupavky, kosti, tekutiny • Tkáně: soubor buněk stejného typu (nervová, svalová, epitel...) • Orgány: skládají se z tkání, tvoří soustavy orgánů • Tělo: je složeno z buněk – 3,5 x 1013 buněk (lidí na Zemi 109) • Délka těla= 1,7 m, průměrná velikost buňky 10 - 20 mikrometru, měřítko 10-6 - člověk se dívá na svět z družice © ECC s.r.o. -
Marine Surface Microlayer As a Source of Enteric Viruses
MARINE SURFACE MICROLAYER AS A SOURCE OF ENTERIC VIRUSES Ana Catarina Bispo Prata Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente 2014 Ana Catarina Bispo Prata MARINE SURFACE MICROLAYER AS A SOURCE OF ENTERIC VIRUSES Tese de Candidatura ao grau de Doutor em Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Especialidade em Oceanografia e Ecossistemas Marinhos submetida ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Programa Doutoral da Universidade do Porto (Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar e Faculdade de Ciências) e da Universidade de Aveiro. Orientador – Doutor Adelaide Almeida Categoria – Professora Auxiliar Afiliação – Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Co-orientador – Doutor Newton Carlos Marcial Gomes Categoria – Investigador Principal do CESAM Afiliação – Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro LEGAL DETAILS In compliance with what is stated in the legislation in vigor, it is hereby declared that the author of this thesis participated in the creation and execution of the experimental work leading to the results here stated, as well as in their interpretation and writing of the respective manuscripts. This thesis includes one scientific paper published in an international journal and three articles in preparation originated from part of the results obtained in the experimental work referenced as: • Prata C, Ribeiro A, Cunha A , Gomes NCM, Almeida A, 2012, Ultracentrifugation as a direct method to concentrate viruses in environmental waters: virus-like particles enumeration as a new approach to determine the efficiency of recovery, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14 (1), 64-70. • Prata C, Cunha A, Gomes N, Almeida A, Surface Microlayer as a source of health relevant enteric viruses in Ria de Aveiro. -
Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey
www.trjfas.org ISSN 1303-2712 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14: 275-297 (2014) DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_30 REVIEW Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey Rafet Çagrı Öztürk1, İlhan Altınok1,* 1 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, 61530 Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey. * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +90.462 3778083; Fax: +90.462 7522158; Received 1 January 2014 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 28 February 2014 Abstract This review summarizes the state of knowledge about the major bacterial and viral pathogens of fish found in Turkey. It also considers diseases prevention and treatment. In this study, peer reviewed scientific articles, theses and dissertations, symposium proceedings, government records as well as recent books, which published between 1976 and 2013 were used as a source to compile dispersed literature. Bacterial and viral disease problems were investigated during this period in Turkey. Total of 48 pathogen bacteria and 5 virus species have been reported in Turkey. It does mean that all the bacteria and virus present in fish have been covered since every year new disease agents have been isolated. The highest outbreaks occurred in larval and juvenile stages of the fish. This article focused on geographical distribution, host range, and occurrence year of pathogenic bacteria and virus species. Vibriosis, Furunculosis, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, Yersiniosis, Photobacteriosis and Flavobacteriosis are among the most frequently reported fish diseases. Meanwhile, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Renibacterium salmoninarum, Piscirickettsia salmonis and Pseudomonas luteola are rarely encountered pathogens and might be emerging disease problems. Finally, the current status in fish diseases prevention and their treatment strategies are also addressed. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0009150 A1 WEBER Et Al
US 2012O009 150A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0009150 A1 WEBER et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 12, 2012 (54) DIARYLUREAS FORTREATINGVIRUS Publication Classification INFECTIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Olaf WEBER, Wulfrath (DE); st 2. CR Bernd Riedl, Wuppertal (DE) ( .01) A63/675 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 13/236,865 A6II 3/522 (2006.01) A6IP 29/00 (2006.01) (22) Filed: Sep. 20, 2011 A6II 3/662 (2006.01) A638/14 (2006.01) Related U.S. Application Data A63L/7056 (2006.01) A6IP3L/2 (2006.01) (63) Continuation of application No. 12/097.350. filed on A6II 3/44 (2006.01) Nov. 3, 2008, filed as application No. PCTAEPO6/ A6II 3/52 (2006.01) 11693 on Dec. 6, 2006. O O (52) U.S. Cl. .......... 424/85.6; 514/350; 514/171; 514/81; (30) Foreign Application Priority Data 514/263.38: 514/263.4: 514/120: 514/4.3: Dec. 15, 2005 (EP) .................................. 05O274513 424/85.7; 514/43 Dec. 15, 2005 (EP). ... O5O27452.1 Dec. 15, 2005 (EP). ... O5O27456.2 Dec. 15, 2005 (EP). ... O5O27458.8 The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions Dec. 15, 2005 (EP) O5O27.460.4 for treating virus infections and/or diseases caused by virus Dec. 15, 2005 (EP) O5O27462.O infections comprising at least a diary1 urea compound option Dec. 15, 2005 (EP). ... O5O27465.3 ally combined with at least one additional therapeutic agent. Dec. 15, 2005 (EP). ... O5O274.67.9 Useful combinations include e.g. BAY 43-9006 as a diaryl Dec. -
Aquatic Animal Viruses Mediated Immune Evasion in Their Host T ∗ Fei Ke, Qi-Ya Zhang
Fish and Shellfish Immunology 86 (2019) 1096–1105 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fish and Shellfish Immunology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi Aquatic animal viruses mediated immune evasion in their host T ∗ Fei Ke, Qi-Ya Zhang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Viruses are important and lethal pathogens that hamper aquatic animals. The result of the battle between host Aquatic animal virus and virus would determine the occurrence of diseases. The host will fight against virus infection with various Immune evasion responses such as innate immunity, adaptive immunity, apoptosis, and so on. On the other hand, the virus also Virus-host interactions develops numerous strategies such as immune evasion to antagonize host antiviral responses. Here, We review Virus targeted molecular and pathway the research advances on virus mediated immune evasions to host responses containing interferon response, NF- Host responses κB signaling, apoptosis, and adaptive response, which are executed by viral genes, proteins, and miRNAs from different aquatic animal viruses including Alloherpesviridae, Iridoviridae, Nimaviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. Thus, it will facilitate the understanding of aquatic animal virus mediated immune evasion and potentially benefit the development of novel antiviral applications. 1. Introduction Various antiviral responses have been revealed [19–22]. How they are overcome by different viruses? Here, we select twenty three strains Aquatic viruses have been an essential part of the biosphere, and of aquatic animal viruses which represent great harms to aquatic ani- also a part of human and aquatic animal lives.